- Koan-hē si̍t-phín chit ê tê-bo̍k, chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ chia̍h-mi̍h.
Tùi seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê koan-tiám lâi kóng, si̍t-bu̍t (植物) sī chí sio̍k-î Plantae-kài ê seng-bu̍t.
Tēng-gī
Só͘-iū oa̍h-mi̍h tī thoân-thóng-siōng sī pun chò nn̄g kûn: si̍t-bu̍t kap tōng-bu̍t. Chit khoán hun-lūi khó-lêng sī chū Aristotle khai-sí (Chêng 384–22 nî), i kā it-poaⁿ bē tín-tāng--ê hō chò si̍t-bu̍t, kā ē-tàng oa̍h-tāng chhōe-chia̍h--ê hō chò tōng-bu̍t. Khah òaⁿ ê Linnaeus (1707–78 nî) chhòng-chō hiān-tāi kho-ha̍k hun-lūi-hoat hē-thóng ê ki-chhó͘, to̍h kā che nn̄g khoán siat chò nn̄g-ê kài (lat. regnum "ông-kok"): Vegetabilia (āu--lâi piàn Metaphyta ia̍h Plantae) kap Animalia (mā hō Metazoa). Chū hit-chūn, lâng bān-bān chai-iáⁿ só͘ kóng ê si̍t-bu̍t-kài sī kā chē khoán bô koan-hē ê hun-kûn pun chò-hóe, lo̍h-bóe chin-khún kiam kúi-à khoán chó-lūi tùi si̍t-bu̍t-kài pun chhut--lâi. Chóng-sī ū-sî-chūn, te̍k-pia̍t sī thong-sio̍k ê tiûⁿ-ha̍p in oa-ná tiāⁿ hông jīn-ûi sī si̍t-bu̍t.
"Si̍t-bu̍t" chit jī, phó͘-thong lâi kóng sī ū to-sè-pau, hâm cellulose ê sè-pau-piah, thang tī-ēng ia̍p-le̍k-thé tián-hiān kong-ha̍p-sêng chia ê sèng-chit.[1][2]
To-iūⁿ-sèng
Ē-té ê piáu tián-sī Viridiplantae ("chheⁿ-sek si̍t-bu̍t") chi̍t-ê seng-bu̍t hun-ki ê hun mn̂g. Tang-tiong chóng-kè ū tāi-iok 300,000 chéng tng oa̍h--teh ê Viridiplantae seng-bu̍t, in tang-tiong 85%–90% sī khui-hoe si̍t-bu̍t.
Siong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ
Siòng-phìⁿ
The fruits of Palmyra Palm tree, Borassus flabellifer (locally called Thaati Munjelu) sold in a market at Guntur, India.
Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, Maui Nui Botanical Garden
Carica papaya, cultivar 'Sunset'
Cymbopogon citratus, lemon grass, oil grass
Pachyrhizus erosus bulb-root. Situgede, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
Sprouting shoots of Sauropus androgynus
Chham-chiàu
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↑ "plant[2] – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". 2009-03-25 khòaⁿ--ê.
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↑ "plant (life form) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia". 2009-03-25 khòaⁿ--ê.
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↑ Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. pages 343, 350, 392, 413, 425, 439, & 448 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9
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↑ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011), AlgaeBase : Chlorophyta, World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, 2011-07-26 khòaⁿ--ê
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↑ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011), AlgaeBase : Charophyta, World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, 2011-07-26 khòaⁿ--ê
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↑ Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. pages 457, 463, & 476. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9
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↑ Crandall-Stotler, Barbara. & Stotler, Raymond E., 2000. "Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta". page 21 in A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), Bryophyte Biology. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-66097-1
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↑ Schuster, Rudolf M., The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, volume VI, pages 712–713. (Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1992). ISBN 0-914868-21-7.
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↑ Goffinet, Bernard; William R. Buck (2004). "Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification". Monographs in Systematic Botany. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 98: 205–239.
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↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Raven, Peter H.; Evert, Ray F.; Eichhorn, Susan E. (2005). Biology of Plants (7th pán.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-1007-2.
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↑ Gifford, Ernest M.; Foster, Adriance S. (1988). Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants (3rd pán.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. p. 358. ISBN 0-7167-1946-0.
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↑ Taylor, Thomas N.; Taylor, Edith L. (1993). The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. p. 636. ISBN 0-13-651589-4.
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↑ International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:Summary Statistics
