الأسماء في صفحات التنقل
The members of the Xenochrophis piscator group are among the most common snake species in the Oriental region, but have a long and confused taxonomic history. Vogel and David (2012) reviewed the complex taxonomic history of the genus Xenochrophis, with a focus on resolving relationships within the Xenochrophis piscator group, the members of which are clearly distinct from other Xenochrophis. Their taxonomic revision of the of Xenochrophis piscator species group was based on univariate analyses of external morphological characters of snakes from across the group’s geographic range (the authors state that complementary molecular phylogenetic analyses are planned). Vogel and David (2012) includes an extensive analysis of historical synonyms, with many photographs, and details what the authors recognize as valid taxa.
On a purely morphological basis, Vogel and David distinguish two informal groups of species:
The authors note that some taxonomic confusion remains, notably regarding X. piscator complex snakes occurring in India and Sri Lanka.
According to Vogel and David (2012), the genus Xenochrophis now includes the following 12 species: X. asperrimus (Boulenger, 1891), X. bellula (Stoliczka, 1871), X. cerasogaster (Cantor, 1839; type species of the genus Xenochrophis by monotypy), X. flavipunctatus (Hallowell, 1861), X. maculatus (Edeling, 1864), X. melanzostus(Gravenhorst, 1807), X. piscator (Schneider, 1799), X. punctulatus (Günther, 1858), X. schnurrenbergeri Kramer, 1977, X. tytleri (Blyth, 1863), X. trianguligerus (Boie, 1827), and X. vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758).
Vogel and David note that revisions of snake genera from the Oriental region in recent years have generally revealed considerable previously unrecognized diversity and that this pattern is likely to continue. They, further, suggest that revisions of widely distributed genera often cannot be carried out by native herpetologists by themselves because most of the preserved material (and older literature) is dispersed over collections in western countries, but that native workers have the advantage of conducting fieldwork more easily. Thus, general revisions such as Vogel and David (2012) can offer local herpetologists a framework for undertaking regional revisions based on fresh materials collected from selected localities.
(Vogel and David 2012 and references therein)
Vogel and Han-Yuen (2010) described an incidentsof death-feigning (or thanatosis) by Xenochrophis piscator, apparently only the second report of death-feigning by this species (this behavior was previously reported by MacDonal [1947] for snakes of this species confronted with a mongoose).
ঢোঁৰা সাপ (ইংৰাজী: checkered keelback বা Asiatic water snake, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম-Xenochrophis piscator) এছিয়া মহাদেশত বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা এবিধ বিহ নথকা (non venomous) সাপৰ প্ৰজাতি৷
ঢোঁৰা সাপৰ চকুযোৰ তুলনামূলক ভাবে যথেষ্ট সৰু৷ ইয়াৰ গাৰ বাকলিবোৰ ১৯ টা শাৰীত সজ্জিত হৈ থাকে৷ ইয়াৰ গাৰ বৰণ ঠাইবিশেষে বেলেগ বেলেগ হ'ব পাৰে৷ সমগ্ৰ দেহটোত কিছুমান গাঢ় ৰঙৰ ফোঁট থাকে৷ দেহটো দেখাত হালধীয়া বৰণৰ হয়৷ [1]
ঢোঁৰা সাপ ঘাইকৈ পুখুৰী বা নৈৰ আশে পাশে দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়৷ ই সাধাৰণতে সৰু মাছ আৰু পানী ভেকুলী আদি খাই জীয়াই থাকে৷
ঢোঁৰা সাপ প্ৰধানকৈ আফগানিস্তান, বাংলাদেশ, পাকিস্তান, শ্ৰীলংকা, ভাৰত, ম্যানমাৰ, থাইলেণ্ড, লাওছ, ভিয়েটনাম, পশ্চিম মালয়েছিয়া, চীন, টাইৱান আৰু ইন্দোনেছিয়া আদি দেশত বিস্তৃত হৈ আছে৷
Chart 1 - Nostrils directed slightly upwards
Chart 2 - Frontal constricted in the middle, twice as long as broad
Chart 3 - Internasals much narrowed anteriorly, nearly as long as the prefrontals
Chart 4 - One preocular scale only
Chart 5 - Temporals are 2+2 or 2+3
Chart 6 - 9 supralabials, 4th and 5th touching the eye, the 6th excluded by the lowest postocular
Chart 7 - Body rather stout
Chart 8 - Small tail
Chart 9 - Scales in 19 distinct rows
Body of checkered keelback
ঢোঁৰা সাপ (ইংৰাজী: checkered keelback বা Asiatic water snake, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম-Xenochrophis piscator) এছিয়া মহাদেশত বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা এবিধ বিহ নথকা (non venomous) সাপৰ প্ৰজাতি৷
ପାଣି ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପ ବା (ଈଂରାଜୀରେ Checkered Keelback ବା Asiatic water snake, ପ୍ରାଣୀବିଜ୍ଞାନ ନାମ Xenochrophis piscator) ଏସିଆ ମହାଦେଶରେ ପରିଲକ୍ଷିତ ଏକ ସାପ ପ୍ରଜାତି । ଏହି ପ୍ରଜାତିର ସାପ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ବିଷହୀନ ।
ପାଣି ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପର ଆଖିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଛୋଟ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ଦୁଇ ନାକପୁଡ଼ା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ବ୍ୟବଧାନଠାରୁ ମଧ୍ୟ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ରତର । ନାକରୁ ପାଟି ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ରହିଥିବା କାତି (Rostral Scale) ଉପର ପଟରୁ ଦେଖିହେବ । ଦୁଇ ନାକପୁଡ଼ା ମଧ୍ୟବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାତି (Internasal Scale) ନାକ ପଟକୁ କ୍ରମଶଃ ସଂକୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହୋଇ ତ୍ରିଭୂଜାକାର ରୂପ ଧାରଣ କରିଥାଏ । ଦୁଇ ଆଖି ମଝି ସ୍ଥାନର କାତିର (Frontal Scale) ଦୈର୍ଘ୍ୟ ଏହାର ପ୍ରସ୍ଥର ପ୍ରାୟ ଦୁଇ ଗୁଣ । ନାକ ଓ ଆଖି ମଧ୍ୟବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାତି (Loreal Scale) ଲମ୍ବା ଓ ଟିକେ ଖାଲୁଆ । ଆଖିର ଆଗ ପଟକୁ (Preocular) ଗୋଟିଏ ଓ ପଛ ପଟକୁ (Post-ocular) ୩ଟି (କ୍ୱଚିତ୍ ୪ଟି) କାତି ରହିଥାଏ । କର୍ଣ୍ଣମୂଳ କାତି (Temporal Scale) ସାଧାରଣତଃ ୨+୨ ବା ୨+୩ ସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ଦେଖାଯାନ୍ତି । ଉପର ପାଟିରେ (Upper Labial Scale) ୯ଟି କାତି ଥାଏ ଯାହାର ଚତୁର୍ଥ ବା ପଞ୍ଚମ କାତି ଉପରକୁ ଆଖି ରହିଥାଏ । ତଳ ପାଟିରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ୫ଟି କାତି ରହିଥାଏ । ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପ ଦେହରେ କାତିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ୧୯ଟି ପଂକ୍ତିରେ ସଜ୍ଜିତ ହୋଇ ରହିଥାନ୍ତି । ଉପର ପଟର କାତି ତଳ ପଟର କାତିଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ଚିକ୍କଣିଆ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି । ପାଣି ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପର ରଙ୍ଗ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାରର ହୋଇପାରେ ଯଥା – ପଟାଯୁକ୍ତ, ଛାପିଛାପିକା ବା ଗୋଟିଏ ରଙ୍ଗର । ଶରୀରର ତଳ ପଟଟି ପ୍ରାୟ ଧଳା । ଆଖି ତଳେ ଓ ଆଖି ପଛ ପଟକୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଲେଖାଏଁ ଛୋଟ କଳା ଗାର ରହିଥାଏ ।[୧]
ଭିଏତ୍ନାମରେ ପାଣି ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପମାନେ ଝିଟିପିଟି ପରି ନିଜର ଲାଙ୍ଗୁଡ଼ ସ୍ୱ-ଛେଦନ କରୁଥିବାର ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥିଲା । ଏହା କିନ୍ତୁ ଏକ ଅତି ବିରଳ ଦୃଷ୍ଟାନ୍ତ ଥିଲା ।[୨]
ମଧୁର ଜଳବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ନଦୀ ଓ ହ୍ରଦ ନିକଟରେ ପାଣି ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପମାନେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ମିଳନ୍ତି । ଛୋଟ ମାଛ ଓ ପାଣି ବେଙ୍ଗ ଏମାନଙ୍କର ପ୍ରମୁଖ ଆହାର ।
ଏହି ସାପ ପ୍ରଜାତି ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ଆଫଗାନିସ୍ତାନ, ବଙ୍ଗଳାଦେଶ, ପାକିସ୍ତାନ, ଶ୍ରୀଲଙ୍କା, ଭାରତ, ବ୍ରହ୍ମଦେଶ, ନେପାଳ, ଥାଇଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ, ଲାଓସ୍, କ୍ୟାମ୍ବୋଡ଼ିଆ, ଭିଏତ୍ନାମ, ପଶ୍ଚିମ ମାଲେସିଆ, ଚୀନ (ଝେଜିଆଂଗ୍, ଜିଆଂଗ୍ଜି, ଫୁଜିଆନ୍, ଗ୍ୱାଂଗ୍ଡୋଂଗ୍, ହାଇନାନ୍, ଗ୍ୱାଂଗ୍ଜି, ୟୁନ୍ନାନ୍), ତାଇୱାନ୍ ଏବଂ ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସିଆର ସୁମାତ୍ରା, ଜାଭା, ବୋର୍ଣ୍ଣିଓ, ସୁଲାୱେସି ଆଦି ଦ୍ୱୀପରେ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଗୋଚର ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି ।
ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତୀୟ ଦ୍ୱୀପପୁଞ୍ଜ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ ଏମାନଙ୍କ ଇଲାକା ।
ଚିତ୍ର ୧ – ଈଷତ୍ ଉର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ୱମୁଖୀ ନାକପୁଡ଼ା
ଚିତ୍ର ୨ – ଦୁଇ ଆଖି ମଧ୍ୟବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାତିଟି ଆୟତାକାର (ଦୈର୍ଘ୍ୟ = ପ୍ରସ୍ଥ × ୨)
ଚିତ୍ର ୩ – ନାକ ନିକଟବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାତିର ସଜ୍ଜା
ଚିତ୍ର ୪ – ଆଖିର ଆଗକୁ ରହିଥିବା ଗୋଟିଏ ମାତ୍ର କାତି
ଚିତ୍ର ୫ – କର୍ଣ୍ଣମୂଳ କାତି ସଂଖ୍ୟା ୨+୨ ବା ୨+୩
ଚିତ୍ର ୬ – ପାଟି ବା ମୁହଁ ନିକଟବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାତିର ସଜ୍ଜା
ଚିତ୍ର ୭ - ଶରୀର
ଚିତ୍ର ୮ – ଛୋଟ ଲାଞ୍ଜ
ଚିତ୍ର ୯ – ଶରୀରରେ ୧୯ଟି ବିବିଧ ପଂକ୍ତିରେ ରହିଥିବା କାତି
ପାଣି ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପର ଶରୀର
ଖରା ପୋଉଁଥିବା ପାଣି ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପ
ପାଣି ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପର କାତି
ପାଣି ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପ ବା (ଈଂରାଜୀରେ Checkered Keelback ବା Asiatic water snake, ପ୍ରାଣୀବିଜ୍ଞାନ ନାମ Xenochrophis piscator) ଏସିଆ ମହାଦେଶରେ ପରିଲକ୍ଷିତ ଏକ ସାପ ପ୍ରଜାତି । ଏହି ପ୍ରଜାତିର ସାପ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ବିଷହୀନ ।
கண்டங்கண்டை நீர்கோலி அல்லது ஆசிய தண்ணீர் பாம்பு (Xenochrophis piscator) என்பது ஒரு நஞ்சற்ற பாம்பு வகை ஆகும் இப்பாம்புகள் ஆசியாவில் காணப்படுகினறன.
இந்த பாம்பின் கண்கள் சிறியதாகவும், அதன் நாசியில் இருந்து குறைந்த தூரத்தில் இருக்கும். கண்களைச் சுற்றி கருவளையம் அமைந்திருக்கும். நடுத்தர அளவில் பளபளப்பான மேடான செதில்களைக் கொண்டிருக்கும். இதன் தலை கூர்மையாகவும், கழுத்திலிருந்து வேறுபட்டு தெரியும். உடலின் அடிப்பகுதி வெள்ளையாகக் காணப்படும். இதன் உடல் முழுவதும் சதுரங்க அட்டைப்போனறு புள்ளி அமைப்பு இருக்கும்.
இந்தப் பாம்புகள் நன்னீர் ஏரிகள், ஆறுகள் போன்ற இடங்களின் அருகில் காணப்படுகின்றன. இதன் உணவு சிறிய மீன் மற்றும் நீர்த் தவளைகள் ஆகும்.
இப்பாம்பினங்கள் ஆப்கானிஸ்தான், வங்காளதேசம், பாக்கித்தான், இலங்கை, இந்தியா, மியான்மர், நேபாளம், தாய்லாந்து, லாவோஸ், கம்போடியா, வியட்நாம், மேற்கு மலேசியா, சீனா ( ஜேஜியாங், ஜியாங்சி, புஜியான் மாகாணம், குவாங்டாங், ஹைனன், குவாங்ஸி, யுன்னான் மாகாணங்கள்), தைவான், இந்தோனேசியா (சுமத்ரா, ஜாவா, போர்னியோ, சுலவேசி) போன்ற நாடுகளில் காணப்படுகிறது.
கண்டங்கண்டை நீர்கோலி அல்லது ஆசிய தண்ணீர் பாம்பு (Xenochrophis piscator) என்பது ஒரு நஞ்சற்ற பாம்பு வகை ஆகும் இப்பாம்புகள் ஆசியாவில் காணப்படுகினறன.
இந்த பாம்பின் கண்கள் சிறியதாகவும், அதன் நாசியில் இருந்து குறைந்த தூரத்தில் இருக்கும். கண்களைச் சுற்றி கருவளையம் அமைந்திருக்கும். நடுத்தர அளவில் பளபளப்பான மேடான செதில்களைக் கொண்டிருக்கும். இதன் தலை கூர்மையாகவும், கழுத்திலிருந்து வேறுபட்டு தெரியும். உடலின் அடிப்பகுதி வெள்ளையாகக் காணப்படும். இதன் உடல் முழுவதும் சதுரங்க அட்டைப்போனறு புள்ளி அமைப்பு இருக்கும்.
The checkered keelback (Fowlea piscator), also known commonly as the Asiatic water snake, is a common species in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Asia. It is non-venomous.
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The eye of F. piscator is rather small and shorter than its distance from the nostril in the adult. Its rostral scale is visible from above. The internasal scales are much narrowed anteriorly and subtriangular, with the anterior angle truncated and as long as the prefrontal scales. The frontal scale is longer than its distance from the end of the snout, and as long as the parietals or a little shorter. The loreal is nearly as long as it is deep. There are one preocular and three (rarely four) post-oculars. Its temporals are 2+2 or 2+3. There are normally nine upper labials, with the fourth and fifth entering the eye; and five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. The dorsal scales are arranged in 19 rows, strongly keeled, with outer rows smooth. The ventrals number 125–158, the anal is divided, and the subcaudals number 64–90. Coloration is very variable, consisting of dark spots arranged quincuncially and often separated by a whitish network, or of black longitudinal bands on a pale ground, or of dark crossbands, with or without whitish spots. Two oblique black streaks, one below and the other behind the eye, are nearly constant. The lower parts are white, with or without black margins to the shields.[3]
The checkered keelback is a medium-sized snake, but may grow to be large. Adults may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 1.75 m (5.7 ft).[4]
Most of the time this snake tries to raise its head as much as possible and expand its neck skin mimicking a cobra hood and intimidate the threat. Though it is non-venomous to humans, it can deliver a painful bite which is inflammatory.
F. piscator may lose its tail as an escape mechanism. A rare case of such autotomy is reported from Vietnam.[5]
The preferred habitat of F. piscator is in or near freshwater lakes or rivers.
F. piscator feeds mainly on small fish and water frogs.
F. piscator is oviparous. Clutch size is usually 30-70 eggs, but may be as few as 4 or as many as 100. Egg size is also variable. Each egg may be 1.5–4.0 cm (0.59–1.57 in) long. The female guards the eggs until they hatch. Each hatchling is about 11 cm (4.3 in) long.[4]
F. piscator is found in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, West Malaysia, China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan), Taiwan, Australia and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes = Sulawesi)
type locality: "East Indies".
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Fowlea.
The subspecies F. p. melanzostus was raised to species status, as Fowlea melanzostus, by Indraneil Das in 1996.
Chart 1 - Nostrils directed slightly upwards
Chart 2 - Frontal constricted in the middle, twice as long as broad
Chart 3 - Internasals much narrowed anteriorly, nearly as long as the prefrontals
Chart 4 - One preocular scale only
Chart 5 - Temporals are 2+2 or 2+3
Chart 6 - 9 supralabials, 4th and 5th touching the eye, the 6th excluded by the lowest postocular
Chart 7 - Body rather stout
Chart 8 - Small tail
Chart 9 - Scales in 19 distinct rows
Body of checkered keelback
Checkered keelback basking
Scale pattern
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) The checkered keelback (Fowlea piscator), also known commonly as the Asiatic water snake, is a common species in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Asia. It is non-venomous.
In Kerala Checkered keelback with catfish kill, Kathmandu
Xenochrophis piscator Xenochrophis generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Natricidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Xenochrophis piscator Xenochrophis generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Natricidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Xenochrophis piscator est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Natricidae[1].
Cette espèce rencontre en Asie, de la République populaire de Chine à l'Afghanistan et jusqu'en Indonésie[1].
Xenochrophis piscator est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Natricidae.
Ular-rumput kotak (Xenochrophis piscator) adalah spesies ular rumput yang terdapat di Asia bagian selatan hingga tenggara.[3]
Panjang tubuhnya mencapai 1.75 meter. Kepalanya dapat dibedakan dengan leher. Tubuh bagian atas berwarna kuning kelabu atau kuning-tua kelabu, dengan bercak-bercak kotak hitam di sisi badannya yang tersusun sebanyak dua baris berselang-seling menyerupai papan catur. Sepanjang garis punggungnya berwarna kuning gelap kehitaman. Bagian bawah tubuh berwarna kuning pucat. Sering pula ditemukan spesimen-spesimen berwarna dasar jingga atau kelabu kemerahan, dengan kotak-kotak papan catur berwarna hitam.[4]
Ular ini tersebar di Afganistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal bagian selatan dan tenggara, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Tiongkok (Chekiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Nan Ao Island, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan), Vietnam, Kamboja, Thailand, Semenanjung Malaya, dan kemungkinan di Singapura.[3]
Sebelumnya, distribusi ular ini juga meliputi wilayah Indonesia. Akan tetapi, para peneliti masih memperdebatkan penggolongan untuk spesimen-spesimen di Indonesia. Untuk spesimen-spesimen dari Jawa dan Bali sudah diketahui bukan X. piscator, melainkan spesimen dari X. melanzostus. Sedangkan spesimen-spesimen di Sumatera, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan Sulawesi, masih diperdebatkan apakah termasuk jenis X piscator, atau dari jenis X. melanzostus.[3]
Habitat utama ular ini adalah daerah sekitaran perairan tawar dan rerumputan liar yang basah, biasanya di tanah lapang yang basah atau tergenang air. Makanan utamanya adalah ikan dan kodok.[5]
Ular ini berkembang biak dengan bertelur (ovipar). Jumlah telur yang dihasilkan sebanyak 30 sampai 70 butir. Anak ular muda yang baru menetas berukuran panjang sekitar 11 cm.[6]
Ular-rumput kotak (Xenochrophis piscator) adalah spesies ular rumput yang terdapat di Asia bagian selatan hingga tenggara.
Xenochrophis piscator là một loài rắn trong họ Rắn nước. Loài này được Schneider mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1799.[1]
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Bài viết liên quan họ Rắn nước này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Xenochrophis piscator là một loài rắn trong họ Rắn nước. Loài này được Schneider mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1799.
渔游蛇（学名：Xenochrophis piscator）又名草花蛇，为游蛇科渔游蛇属的爬行动物，俗名鱼蛇、红糟蛇、水草蛇、小黄蛇。分布于亚洲南部、东南部、从阿富汗、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡向东到中南半岛、南经马来半岛到印度尼西亚、越南、台湾以及中国大陆等地，生活习性为半水栖。主要棲息於水田、沼澤和濕地，是一種以白天活動為主的蛇類。其生存的海拔上限为1168米。该物种的模式产地在东印度群岛。[1]
中型蛇類，具有輕微的毒性，但咬到會傷害人體，身長可達1.2米。眼睛下方及眼部後方各有一條黑色的細紋延伸道上唇，體色多為橄欖褐色，並佈滿許多不規則的黑色花紋。
以蛙類和魚類為食，也有捕食蜥蜴、鳥類和鼠類的紀錄。近年來由於農藥過度使用，數量不斷減少。
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这是一篇與蛇類相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
