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Many juveniles decorate their shells with sponges, kelp, or other objects to disguise themselves. However, most adults do not because their large size deters most predators. Although slow-moving, they use their claws against smaller predators.
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
There has been much conflict between larval- and adult- based classification. Some support the use of a separate family for this species, but much further study is needed.
Originally M. kaempferi was incorrectly placed in the genus Maja before later being placed in Macrocheira. Today, this species is the only known surviving member of Macrocheira, and is regarded as one of the earliest-branching members of Majidae. For this reason, it is often referred to as a living fossil.
Not much is known about communication in Macrocheira kaempferi. They often scavenge for food alone, and there is little communication between members of the species, even when isolated with other spider crabs in aquaria. The antennae are greatly reduced. The eyestalks are also short and stubby. Because these crabs are not active hunters and do not have many predators, their sensory systems are not as acute as those of many other decapods in the same area.
Communication Channels: visual
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile
There is insufficient data concerning the conservation status for the Japanese spider crab. The catch of this species has declined considerably in the last 40 years. Some researchers have put forth a method for recovery which involves restocking with juvenile crabs artificially cultured in fisheries. In Japan, laws prohibit fishermen from catching M. kaempferi during mating season in the early spring, from January until April, in order to keep natural populations up and to give the species a chance to spawn.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
This species goes through two zoeal stages and one megalopa stage. The zoeal stages generally last between 12-37 days, a shorter duration than other crabs in the same region. The megalopa stage typically lasts an average of 30 days. During the first molt (the prezoeal stage) the hatchlings writhe about, eventually slowly drifting to the sea bed. Here, each hatchling thrashes about until it flicks up the spines on its carapace. This dislodges the cuticle, and allows it to wriggle out by twisting and pulling until it frees itself.
The optimal rearing temperature for all larval stages is between 15-18 degrees Celsius, while the survival temperature is 11-20 degrees Celsius. Larval stages can most likely be found at shallower depths, then later move to deeper waters. In Suruga Bay, the temperature at 300 meters is around 10 degrees, and only adults may be found at these depths. These survival temperatures are much higher than those of other decapod species in the region. In the lab, at optimum growth conditions, only around 75% survive the first zoeal stage. This number drops to around 33% for the second zoeal and megalopa stages.
Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis
There are no known adverse effects of Macrocheira kaempferi on humans. They rarely come into contact with humans, and their weak claws are fairly harmless.
Macrocheira kaempferi is quite useful and important to the Japanese culture. The crabs are often served as a delicacy during the appropriate crab-fishing seasons and are eaten both raw and cooked. Because the walking legs are so long, researchers often use tendons from the legs or chelipeds. In some parts of Japan, it is popular to take and decorate the carapace. Macrocheira kaempferi is also common in aquaria because of its gentle disposition.
Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material; research and education
Macrocheira kaempferi is an omnivorous scavenger. These large crustaceans generally do not hunt, but instead crawl along and pick at dead and decaying matter along the sea bed. This includes both animal and plant matter. They occasionally eat living kelp and algae. Although they move slowly, giant crabs occasionally hunt for small marine invertebrates that they can catch easily. Mariners used to tell tales of M. kaempferi dragging sailors underwater and feasting on their flesh. This is generally regarded as untrue, although it is certainly plausible that one of these crabs would feast upon the dead body of a sailor who had previously drowned.
Animal Foods: fish; carrion ; aquatic crustaceans; other marine invertebrates
Plant Foods: algae; macroalgae
Other Foods: detritus
Primary Diet: omnivore ; detritivore
The Japanese spider crab Macrocheira kaempferi is mostly limited to the Pacific side of the Japanese islands, Konshu and Kyushu, usually at a latitude between 30 and 40 degrees North. They are found most often in the Sagami, Suruga, and Tosa bays, as well as off the coast of the Kii peninsula. However, the crab has been found as far south as Su-ao, in Eastern Taiwan. This is most likely a one time event; it is possible a fishing trawler or extreme weather may have carried this individual much further south than its home range.
Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native )
Japanese spider crabs most often inhabit the sandy and rocky bottom of the continental shelf and slope at an average depth of 150-300 meters. They have, however been found at depths of 600 feet. During spawning season the crabs spend most of their time in shallower waters around 50 meters. In Suruga Bay, at depths of 300 meters, the temperature is around 10 degrees Celsius. Younger crabs tend to live in shallower areas with warmer temperatures.
Range depth: 50 to 600 m.
Average depth: 200 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; saltwater or marine
Aquatic Biomes: benthic ; coastal
Relatively little is known information regarding the longevity of this species. It is often reported that one of these crabs may live to be 100 years old in its natural habitat, but this may be conjecture. Other reports indicate that M. kaempferi generally live for over half of a century.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 100 (high) years.
Although not the heaviest, the Japanese giant spider crab is the largest known living arthropod. The well-calcified carapace is only around 37 centimeters long, but adult specimens can be nearly 4 meters long from one tip of one cheliped (a claw-bearing leg) to the other when stretched apart. The carapace of Macrocheira kaempferi is sub-circular and pear-shaped (pyriform), narrower towards the head. Females tend to have wider, although slightly smaller, abdomens than males. Spiny and stubby tubercles (growths) cover the carapace, which ranges from dark orange to light tan in color. It possesses no cryptic coloration and is unable to change color. The rostrum (an extension of the carapace above the head) is shaped into two slender spines that jut out from between the eyes. The base of the well-developed antennae is fused with the epistome (the area above the mouth).
The carapace tends to stay the same size throughout adulthood, but the walking legs and chelipeds lengthen considerably as the crab ages. Spider crabs are known for having long, spindly legs. Like the carapace, the legs are also orange, but may be blotchy and mottled with both orange and white. The walking legs of Macrocheira kaempferi end simply in inwardly-curving dactyls (the movable part at the tip of a walking leg). These assist the creature in climbing and hooking onto rock, but prevent it from picking up or grasping objects. In adult males the chelipeds are far longer than any of the walking legs, with the right and left chelipeds being of equal size. Females, on the other hand, tend to possess chelipeds that are shorter than the other walking legs. The merus (upper portion of the leg) is slightly longer than the palm (portion of the leg containing the unmoving part of the claw), but comparable in shape. The weak movable finger is small, taking up less than a quarter of the palm. Although long, the legs are often weak. One study reported that nearly three quarters of these crabs are missing at least one limb, most often one of the first walking legs. This is because the limbs are long and poorly-jointed to the body of the organism, and tend to come off due to predators and nets. Spider crabs can usually survive with up to 3 walking legs missing. The walking legs often grow back during the successive molts.
Range mass: 16 to 20 kg.
Range length: 3.7 (high) m.
Average length: 3 m.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes shaped differently
Macrocheira kaempferi is not an active predator, as it mainly scavenges the seafloor for dead and decaying matter.
While nearly all spider crabs tend to decorate their carapaces with sponges and other items, M. kaempferi does it less than others because it has so few predators and therefore no need for camouflage. Sponges provide camouflage and protection for the crab; the spider crab carries the sponge to new areas and possibly provides it with drifting food.
Mutualist Species:
These spider crabs mate seasonally during early spring, from January through March. Mating behavior is rarely observed. Male crabs hold sperm in spermatophores, which are inserted into the female's abdomen using the first two chelipeds.
Even though juvenile stages are well-documented in laboratories, reproduction information concerning M. kaempferi in its natural habitat is sparse. Fertilization is internal. A female often lays up to 1.5 million eggs per season, but only a few survive. Eggs are around 0.63-0.85 mm in diameter. The hatching duration is around 10 days. The breeding duration is around one year, although exact times are not available.
Breeding interval: Giant Japanese spider crabs mate once a year, seasonally between January and April
Breeding season: Early spring
Range number of offspring: 1,500,000 eggs (high) .
Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); oviparous
Females carry eggs on their backs and lower bodies during incubation until they hatch. In this way, the mother can stir the water with her back legs to oxygenate the eggs. After the eggs hatch, there is no parental investment and the larvae are left to fend for themselves.
Parental Investment: female parental care ; pre-hatching/birth (Protecting: Female)
Yapon hörümçək yengəci (lat. Macrocheira kaempferi) — Xərçəngkimilər yarımtipinə, Yengəclər infrodəstəsinə aid olan növ. Buğumayaqlılar tipinə daxil olan ən iri canlılardan biridir. Karapaksı 45 sm, ilk çüt ayaqları arasında məsafə 3 metr olan canlı. Sakit okeanın Yaponiya sahillərində, 50 - 300 metr[1] dərinlikdə yayılmışdır.
Çəkisi 40 kq. Ayaqsız uzunluğu 80 sm, ayaqları ilə birlikdə 6 metrdir. 150—800 metr dərinlikdə yaşasalarda, adətən 200—300 metr dərinlikdə daha tez-tez rastlaşırlar. Yumurtlama dönəmində 50 m dərinliyə qədər qalxa bilirlər (yaz mövsümündə).
Əsasən molyusk və heyvan qalıqları ilə qidalanır. 100 il ömür sürə bilirlər[2].
Bu canlılar qida, elmi və dekorativ məqsədlər üçün istifadə edilir. Əsasən iri akvariumlarda saxlanılır.
Yaz ayları onların ovuna qadağa qoyulur.
Yengəcin elmi adı (M. kaempferi) alman səyyahı və naturalisti Engelbert Kempferin şərəfinə verilmişdir. Növ ilk dəfə 1836-cı ildə hollanfd zooloqu Konrad Yakob Temmink tərəfindən qeydə alınmışdır[3].
Macrocheira cinsinə daxil olan və günümüzdə yaşayan yeganə növdür (†M. longirostra и †M. teglandi). Cinsi ya Inachidae[4] ya da Majidae fəsiləsinə daxil edirlər.
Yapon hörümçək yengəci (lat. Macrocheira kaempferi) — Xərçəngkimilər yarımtipinə, Yengəclər infrodəstəsinə aid olan növ. Buğumayaqlılar tipinə daxil olan ən iri canlılardan biridir. Karapaksı 45 sm, ilk çüt ayaqları arasında məsafə 3 metr olan canlı. Sakit okeanın Yaponiya sahillərində, 50 - 300 metr dərinlikdə yayılmışdır.
El cranc aranya japonès (Macrocheira kaempferi) és el cranc més gran vivent; en la seva maduresa pot arribar a desenvolupar una longitud de cames de gairebé 4 m, un cos de fins a 37 cm i un pes de fins a 20 kg. L'hàbitat natural del cranc és en el fons de l'Oceà Pacífic (aproximadament 300 m profund) al voltant del Japó, on s'alimenta a animals morts i marisc Es considera que té una esperança de vida de fins a 100 anys.
Tenen por d'aquest tipus particular de cranc alguns pescadors i els mariners perquè alguns dels més grans han estat vists menjant-se homes ofegats.
En altres projectes de Wikimedia:
Velekrab japonský (latinsky Macrocheira kaempferi) je největší žijící členovec. Je to mořský tvor, který původně žil v okolí Japonska. Předpokládá se, že se může dožít více než 100 let.[1]
Velekrab japonský žije v Tichém oceánu v okolí Japonských ostrovů v hloubce kolem 600 m. Rád využívá přirozené úkryty jako průduchy, průrvy a díry ve skalách na mořském dně.[1]
Velekrab má kulaté tělo a dlouhé nohy a může připomínat pavouka. Rozpětí jeho nohou může dosahovat až 3,7 m. Délka jeho těla je 60 cm, šířka 37 cm a dosahuje hmotnosti 19 až 20,1 kg (nejvyšší ověřený údaj je asi 13,6 kg).[2] Velekrab patří mezi největší žijící členovce.[1]
Velekrab je všežravec, živí se jak rostlinami tak živočichy. Velekrab je také příležitostný mrchožrout.[1]
V období rozmnožování se krabi přesouvají do nižších hloubek kolem 50 m. Z vajíček se vylíhnou larvy, a až později se přemění v dospělce.[1]
Vzhledem k tomu, že velekrab žije ve velkých hloubkách, je obtížné pro rybáře jej ulovit. Díky tomu je považován za vzácnou specialitu.[1]
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu velekrab japonský ve Wikimedia Commons
Velekrab japonský (latinsky Macrocheira kaempferi) je největší žijící členovec. Je to mořský tvor, který původně žil v okolí Japonska. Předpokládá se, že se může dožít více než 100 let.
Den Japanske kæmpekrabbe (Macrocheira kaempferi) er verdens største krabbe, med et klofang på næsten 4 meter. Kroppen bliver op til 37 cm og den kan veje op til 20 kg. Den lever i Stillehavet omkring Japan, på 3-400 meters dybde. Fiskeri har gjort et indhug i bestanden, og de japanske myndigheder har derfor indfødt beskyttende foranstaltninger, deriblandt forbud imod at fiske efter krabben i foråret, hvor de voksne indvider vandrer ind på lavt vand for at yngle.
Den Japanske kæmpekrabbe er den eneste art i slægten Macrocheira.
Den Japanske kæmpekrabbe (Macrocheira kaempferi) er verdens største krabbe, med et klofang på næsten 4 meter. Kroppen bliver op til 37 cm og den kan veje op til 20 kg. Den lever i Stillehavet omkring Japan, på 3-400 meters dybde. Fiskeri har gjort et indhug i bestanden, og de japanske myndigheder har derfor indfødt beskyttende foranstaltninger, deriblandt forbud imod at fiske efter krabben i foråret, hvor de voksne indvider vandrer ind på lavt vand for at yngle.
Den Japanske kæmpekrabbe er den eneste art i slægten Macrocheira.
Die Japanische Riesenkrabbe (高脚蟹 takaashigani, dt. „langbeinige Krabbe“), Macrocheira kaempferi, ist die größte lebende Krebsart und zugleich der größte lebende Gliederfüßer.[1]
Der Carapax dieser Krabbenart ist in Aufsicht beinahe kreisförmig, also nicht dreieckig wie die meisten Vertreter der Überfamilie und nicht birnenförmig wie bei der ebenfalls großen Gattung Grypachaeus. Seine Oberfläche trägt zahlreiche aufrechte abgestumpfte Dornen, die besonders auf der seitlichen (branchialen) Region deutlich und hier merklich geschwollen sind. Wie bei allen Vertretern der Familie liegen die Augenstiele der Komplexaugen nicht in Augenhöhlen, die Kante oberhalb der Augenstiele mit je einem Dorn vor bzw. hinter dem Augenstiel. Das erste Antennenglied ist weniger als halb so lang wie der Augenstiel und immer frei beweglich. Das Rostrum vorn zwischen den Augen besteht aus zwei getrennten spitzen Dornen. Die scherentragenden ersten Laufbeine (Peraeopoden) sind länger als alle übrigen Beinpaare, ihr Merus (das vorletzte Glied vor der Schere) besonders stark verlängert. An der Schere (Chela) selbst ist der Grundabschnitt besonders verlängert, der eigentliche Scherenabschnitt mit dem beweglichen Scherenfinger (Dactylus) hingegen eher kurz, nur etwa ein Viertel der Länge des Grundglieds (Propodus). Auch die vier eigentlichen Laufbeinpaare sind sehr lang und schlank, ihr Klauenglied (Dactylus) einfach ohne Scherenbildung, nicht zurückklappbar und schwach gebogen.[2][3]
Die Japanische Riesenkrabbe hat eine Masse von bis 13,6 Kilogramm (gemessen an einem Individuum im Scheveningen Sea Life Centre), nach zweifelhaften Angaben möglicherweise sogar bis 19 Kilogramm.[4] Ihr Körper hat einen Durchmesser von rund 37 Zentimetern, von der Spitze eines Beins zum anderen misst sie in ausgestreckter Lage bis zu 3,7 Meter.
Japanische Riesenkrabben finden sich ausschließlich im Pazifik, vor allem um Japan. Dort leben sie in Meerestiefen zwischen 300 und 400 Metern bei Temperaturen zwischen 11 °C und 14 °C.[5] Während der Laichzeit wandern die Riesenkrabben in seichtere Gewässer.[6] Weitere Fundangaben liegen für Taiwan vor[7], wo sie aber nicht dieselbe Größe erreichen.
Die männlichen Tiere sind größer als die weiblichen und haben größere Zangen. Das Sperma tragen die Männchen in Spermatophoren mit sich; während der Paarung wird es durch die Gonopoden übertragen. Die befruchteten Eier trägt das Weibchen am Körper mit sich, wo sie durch einen Kleber aus den Setae gehalten werden.
Die frisch geschlüpften Zoea sind kleine, transparente, runde und beinlose Organismen, die an der Meeresoberfläche schwimmen. Nach mehreren Häutungen beginnen sich die Extremitäten zu bilden und der Körper formt sich aus. Dies setzt sich während der folgenden Häutungen fort, bis die Tiere ausgewachsen sind.
Japanische Riesenkrabben schreiten auf ihren langen Beinen auf der Suche nach Futter sehr langsam über den Meeresgrund.
Sie sind Allesfresser, fressen Aas, Pflanzen (die sie vom Meeresboden schaben) oder andere Tiere wie Weichtiere, deren Schalen sie öffnen, um an das Fleisch zu gelangen. Um sich vor Fressfeinden (z. B. Tintenfischen) zu tarnen, legen sie Schwämme und ähnliche Meerestiere auf ihren Körper.
Die Japanische Riesenkrabbe wurde von dem deutschen Arzt und Forschungsreisenden Engelbert Kaempfer Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts entdeckt, die Erstbeschreibung erfolgte 1836 durch Coenraad Jacob Temminck unter dem wissenschaftlichen Namen Maja kaempferi. Erst später wurde sie der Gattung Macrocheira zugeordnet. Der Artname ehrt den Entdecker Kaempfer. Je ein männliches und ein weibliches Tier dieser Art sind präpariert im Hexenbürgermeisterhaus in Kaempfers Heimatstadt Lemgo zu sehen.
Die Japanische Riesenkrabbe (高脚蟹 takaashigani, dt. „langbeinige Krabbe“), Macrocheira kaempferi, ist die größte lebende Krebsart und zugleich der größte lebende Gliederfüßer.
De Japaansche Spinnenkrabb (Macrocheira kaempferi) is en Oort vun Dreeeckskrabben un de gröttste Oort vun Kreeften, de hüüt op de Eer leevt. Mit ehr Been hett se en Dörmeter vun üm un bi dree un bet to veer Meter. Ehr Lief ahn Been hett dorbi en Grött vun so wat 40 Zentimeter. Se bringt in disse Grött bet to 20 Kilogramm op de Waag. Ehr Levensruum is de Pazifik an de Küsten vun Japan. In’n Sommer leevt se in depere Regionen üm 300 m, in’n Winter treckt se in siedere Zonen üm 50 m Deep. Freten deit se Schalendeerter, Aas un annern Kraam, se is so’n Allensfreter.
சப்பானிய சிலந்தி நண்டு, (Japanese spider crab, Macrocheira kaempferi) கடல் நண்டு இனத்தை சேர்ந்த ஒரு விலங்காகும். இவை கணுக்காலி தொகுதியைச் சேர்ந்த விலங்குகளில் மிக நீளமான கால்களை கொண்டது. இந்த சிலந்தி நண்டுடைய ஒரு கால் இரண்டரை சராசரி மனிதர்களின் உயரத்துக்கு (3.8 மீட்டர்கள் (12 ft)) சமமானது.[1] இவை சப்பானைச் சூற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளில் காணப்படுகின்றன.
சப்பானிய சிலந்தி நண்டு, (Japanese spider crab, Macrocheira kaempferi) கடல் நண்டு இனத்தை சேர்ந்த ஒரு விலங்காகும். இவை கணுக்காலி தொகுதியைச் சேர்ந்த விலங்குகளில் மிக நீளமான கால்களை கொண்டது. இந்த சிலந்தி நண்டுடைய ஒரு கால் இரண்டரை சராசரி மனிதர்களின் உயரத்துக்கு (3.8 மீட்டர்கள் (12 ft)) சமமானது. இவை சப்பானைச் சூற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளில் காணப்படுகின்றன.
Se Iapanisc ātorcoppe crabba, Macrocheira kaempferi, is se mǣste līfende bānhringfōt; ful grōƿen, hē mæȝ scancabrādnes on 4 m (13 ft) habban.
The Japanese spider crab (Macrocheira kaempferi) is a species of marine crab that lives in the waters around Japan. It has the largest known leg-span of any arthropod. It goes through three main larval stages along with a prezoeal stage to grow to its great size.[2]
The genus Macrocheira contains multiple species. Two fossil species of this genus have been found, M. ginzanensis and M. yabei, both from the Miocene of Japan.[3][4] Its diverse taxonomic history is an important part of what these creatures are and how they evolved to be what they are today. They are sought by crab fisheries, and are considered a delicacy in Japan. Conservation efforts aim to protect these creatures and their population from overfishing.[5]
The Japanese spider crab is similar in appearance to the much smaller European spider crab (Maja squinado), though the latter, while within the same superfamily, belongs to a different family, the Majidae.
The Japanese spider crab has the greatest leg span of any known arthropod, reaching up to 3.7 m (12.1 ft) from claw to claw.[6] The body may grow to 40 cm (16 in) in carapace width and the whole crab can weigh up to 19 kg (42 lb)[7]—second in mass only to the American lobster among all living arthropod species. The males have the longer chelipeds;[4] females have much shorter chelipeds, which are shorter than the following pair of legs.[3] Apart from its outstanding size, the Japanese spider crab differs from other crabs in a number of ways. The first pleopods of males are unusually twisted, and the larvae appear primitive.[1] The crab is orange with white spots along the legs.[8] It is reported to have a gentle disposition despite its ferocious appearance.[8] The Japanese name for this species is taka-ashi-gani, (Japanese: たかあしがに), literally translating to “tall legs crab”. It also has a unique molting behavior that occurs for about 100 minutes, in which the crab loses its mobility and starts molting its carapace rear and ends with molting its walking legs.[9] Its armored exoskeleton helps protect it from larger predators such as octopuses, but also uses camouflage. The crab's bumpy carapace blends into the rocky ocean floor. To further the deception, a spider crab adorns its shell with sponges and other animals.[10] The way in which a spider crab is able to pick up and cover itself with such organisms is by following a specific routine behavior. Upon picking up the object with the crab's slender chelipeds, the chelae are used to twist and tear off the organism, such as a worm tube or sponge, from the substrate on which it currently resides.[11] Unlike other species of crab, such as the Chilean crab Acanthonyx petiveri, the Japanese spider crab does not specifically look for matching colors to blend into its environment; it simply camouflages in a way that disguises its entire structure.[11] This is most likely because Japanese spider crabs are nocturnally active, so instead of trying to disguise themselves when catching prey, they are actually just trying to avoid predators at night.[11] Once the material is picked up, it is brought to the crab's mouthparts to specifically orient and shape it before it is attached to the exoskeleton. Then, through mechanical adhesion and secretions, the materials attach to the crab, and are able to regenerate, and colonize on the crab.[11]
Japanese spider crabs are mostly found off the southern coasts of the Japanese island of Honshū, from Tokyo Bay to Kagoshima Prefecture. Outlying populations have been found in Iwate Prefecture and off Su-ao in Taiwan.[3] Adults are found at depths between 50 and 600 m (160 and 1,970 ft).[3] They like to inhabit vents and holes in the deeper parts of the ocean.[12] The temperature preference of adults is unknown, but the species is regular at a depth of 300 metres (980 ft) in Suruga Bay, where the water generally is about 10 °C (50 °F).[13] Based on results from public aquaria, Japanese spider crabs tolerate temperatures between 6 and 16 °C (43 and 61 °F), but are typically maintained at 10–13 °C (50–55 °F).[13]
Female crabs carry the fertilized eggs attached to their abdominal appendages until they hatch into tiny planktonic larvae.[12] They can lay up to 1 egg per season, and this egg hatches in 10 days on average.[5]
Once hatched, this larva undergo four stages of development before they mature into adulthood.[2] The first, or prezoeal, stage lasts only a matter of minutes, with most molting within 15 minutes to enter the first zoeal stage.[14] it looks very different from its parents at this stage, with a small, transparent body. M. kaempferi undergoes two zoeal stages and a megalopa stage before it reaches adulthood.[2] Each of these stages is influenced greatly by temperature, both in terms of survival and stage length. The optimum rearing temperature for all larval stages is thought to be between 15 and 18 °C, with survival temperatures ranging from 11 to 20 °C.[15] At these temperatures, the zoeal stages can last 7 to 18 days, with the megalopa stage lasting 25 to 45 days.[15] Colder water is associated with longer durations in each stage. During the larval stages, M. kaempferi is found near the surface, as the planktonic forms drift with ocean currents.[15] This surface water ranges between 12 and 15 °C during the hatching season (January to March).[16] This is much warmer than the waters at depths below 200 m, where adults are found, with waters steadily around 10 °C. Optimal temperatures have a 70% survival through the first zoeal stage, which is greatly reduced to a 30% survival in the second zoeal and megalopa stages.[15]
The Japanese spider crab is an omnivore, consuming both plant-matter and animals. It also sometimes acts as a scavenger, consuming dead animals. Some have been known to scrape the ocean floor for plants and algae, while others pry open the shells of mollusks.[8][12]
The Japanese spider crab was originally described by Western science in 1836 by Coenraad Jacob Temminck under the name Maja kaempferi, based on material from Philipp Franz von Siebold collected near the artificial island Dejima.[17] The specific epithet commemorates Engelbert Kaempfer, a German naturalist who lived in Japan from 1690 to 1692 and wrote about the country's natural history.[18] It was moved to the genus Inachus by Wilhem de Haan in 1839, but placed in a new subgenus, Macrocheira. That subgenus was raised to the rank of genus in 1886 by Edward J. Miers.[1] Placed in the family Inachidae, M. kaempferi does not fit cleanly into that group, and it may be necessary to erect a new family just for the genus Macrocheira.[1] Four species of the genus Macrocheira are known from fossils:[19][20]
However, some evidence indicates that the genus Macrocheira does come from this family in some way due to its anatomical arrangements. This genus is similar in anatomical arrangement to the genus Oncinopus, seeming to preserve the earliest stage of anatomical evolution in the family Inachidae. The genus Onicinopus has a semihardened body, which allows the basal segment of the antennae, which articulates with the head capsule, to move.[21] The antennulae which are segmented appendages between and below the eye stalks are connected to each other.[21] Like Oncinopus, the genus Macrocheira also has a seven-segmented abdomen and a basal segment of antennae that is mobile. Macrocheira also has orbital parts, the eye socket and features around it, that are similar to differentiated genera. Another differentiating feature is the supraorbital eave.[21] It is part of the orbital region above the eyestalks. It projects laterally and becomes part of the spine. From the anatomical observations of this genus and others in the family Inachidae, Macrochiera was placed in the family Inachidae, descending from the genus Oncinpus and from it descending the genera Oreconia, Parapleisticantha, and Pleistincantha.[21]
M. kaempferi is a giant crab with a pear-shaped carapace that is 350 mm (13.7 in) when measured on the median line.[21] Its surface is covered in small spike-like projections or tubercles. The spine of an adult giant crab is short and curves outward at the tip. The spines in young giant crabs, though, are long compared to their carapaces, along with an uncurved spine.[21] This proportionality explains, as in other decapod crustaceans, that spine size decreases as specimens grow older.[21] As mentioned in the taxonomic section, this genus contains the family's primitive feature of a movable antenna at the basal segment, but "the development of a spine at the posterior angle of the supraocular eave, and the presence of intercalated spine and antennulary septum seem to attribute a rather high position to this genus." Lastly, differences are seen between the sexes. Adult males have very long front legs where the claws are located, but they are still shorter than the ambulatory legs of females, located in the back of the carapace.[21]
Temminck, in his original description, noted that the crab was known to the Japanese for the serious injuries it can cause with its strong claws.[4] The Japanese spider crab is "occasionally collected for food",[22] and even considered a delicacy in many parts of Japan and other areas in the region.[12][23] In total, 24.7 tonnes (54,000 lb) were collected in 1976, but fell to only 3.2 tonnes (7,100 lb) in 1985.[15] The fishery is centred on Suruga Bay. The crabs are typically caught using small trawling nets.[23] The population has decreased in number due to overfishing, forcing fishermen into exploring deeper waters to catch them. The average size caught by fishermen is a legspan of 1.0–1.2 m (3 ft 3 in – 3 ft 11 in).[17] Populations of this species of crab have diminished over recent years and many efforts are being made to protect them.[23] One of the primary methods of recovery of the species being used is restocking artificially cultured juvenile crabs in fisheries.[15] Additionally, laws have been put into place in Japan that prohibit fishermen from harvesting spider crabs from January through April, during their typical mating season when they are in shallower waters and more vulnerable to being caught.[23] This protection method seeks to keep natural populations growing, and enables time for juvenile spider crabs to go through the early stages of their lifecycle.[23]
The Japanese spider crab (Macrocheira kaempferi) is a species of marine crab that lives in the waters around Japan. It has the largest known leg-span of any arthropod. It goes through three main larval stages along with a prezoeal stage to grow to its great size.
The genus Macrocheira contains multiple species. Two fossil species of this genus have been found, M. ginzanensis and M. yabei, both from the Miocene of Japan. Its diverse taxonomic history is an important part of what these creatures are and how they evolved to be what they are today. They are sought by crab fisheries, and are considered a delicacy in Japan. Conservation efforts aim to protect these creatures and their population from overfishing.
The Japanese spider crab is similar in appearance to the much smaller European spider crab (Maja squinado), though the latter, while within the same superfamily, belongs to a different family, the Majidae.
El cangrejo gigante japonés (タカアシガニ takāshigani?, lit. "Cangrejo de patas largas") (Macrocheira kaempferi), es una especie de crustáceo decápodo del infraorden Brachyura. Pertenece al grupo de los cangrejos araña, que se caracterizan por su caparazón triangular y sus largas patas, si se toma la distancia entre la punta de sus patas, se puede considerar el artrópodo más largo que haya existido siendo esta de más de 4 metros superando a Arthropleura de 3 metros de largo.
Es un animal que vive en las profundidades del Océano Pacífico y las costas de Japón. Se caracteriza por ser ciego, tener un oído muy desarrollado y tener unos pelos sensibles a las ondas de sonido submarinas, esto le permite captar ondas de sonido aún cuando sus propios oídos no puedan hacerlo.
Es el artrópodo vivo más grande, por longitud, del mundo. Sus patas llegan a medir más de 2 metros de largo, cantidad que, sumada al comparativamente pequeño cuerpo, le otorga un diámetro total de cuatro metros. Su peso supera los 20 kg y se cree que llegan a vivir más de 100 años y en cautiverio solo 70 años.[cita requerida]
En la mayoría de los casos las patas que contienen las pinzas son más largas que las demás; además, sus pinzas son mucho más poderosas que la mandíbula de un cocodrilo y pueden inyectar pequeñas dosis de un anticoagulante para defenderse de sus predadores.
El cangrejo es de color naranja, con puntos blancos a lo largo de las patas.[1]
La cripsis de los Macrocheira kaempferi consiste en que se adhieren restos que encuentran en el mar a sus cuerpos para camuflarse con ellos; cuando cambian de ambiente, a menudo cambian asimismo de restos adheridos, por lo que también se denominan cangrejos decorativos o cangrejos enmascarados.
El cangrejo gigante japonés (タカアシガニ takāshigani?, lit. "Cangrejo de patas largas") (Macrocheira kaempferi), es una especie de crustáceo decápodo del infraorden Brachyura. Pertenece al grupo de los cangrejos araña, que se caracterizan por su caparazón triangular y sus largas patas, si se toma la distancia entre la punta de sus patas, se puede considerar el artrópodo más largo que haya existido siendo esta de más de 4 metros superando a Arthropleura de 3 metros de largo.
Jaapani hiidkrabi (Macrocheira kaempferi) on suurimate isenditega lülijalgseliik tänapäeval.
Tema jalgade siruulatus võib küündida üle 4 meetri, keha kõrgus on kuni 37 cm ja kaal umbes 20 kg. Hiidkrabi elab Jaapani lähedal Vaikse ookeani põhjas, umbes 300–400 meetri sügavusel. Hiidkrabi toiduks on surnud loomad ja vähid. Tema elueaks arvatakse kuni 100 aastat.
Kuna tegemist on üsna iidse krabiliigiga, peetakse teda elavaks fossiiliks. Praegu on ta hiidkrabi perekonna (Macrocheira) ainus liik, kuid mitmed kinnitamata uurimused väidavad ka teiste fossiilide (liikide) olemasolu.
Jaapani hiidkrabi (Macrocheira kaempferi) on suurimate isenditega lülijalgseliik tänapäeval.
Tema jalgade siruulatus võib küündida üle 4 meetri, keha kõrgus on kuni 37 cm ja kaal umbes 20 kg. Hiidkrabi elab Jaapani lähedal Vaikse ookeani põhjas, umbes 300–400 meetri sügavusel. Hiidkrabi toiduks on surnud loomad ja vähid. Tema elueaks arvatakse kuni 100 aastat.
Kuna tegemist on üsna iidse krabiliigiga, peetakse teda elavaks fossiiliks. Praegu on ta hiidkrabi perekonna (Macrocheira) ainus liik, kuid mitmed kinnitamata uurimused väidavad ka teiste fossiilide (liikide) olemasolu.
Jättiläistaskurapu (Macrocheira kaempferi) on suurin nykyään elävä niveljalkainen. Tämän hämähäkkirapujen yläheimoon (Majoidea) kuuluvan äyriäisen eturaajojen kärkiväli voi olla 3,7 metriä. Soikio- tai kolmiomaisen, väriltään oranssin selkäkilven leveys voi olla yli 30 cm ja pituus 40 cm, ja eläimen paino jopa 20 kg.[1] Saksellisten eturaajojen lisäksi ravulla on kahdeksan ohutta kävelyraajaa. Sakset ovat raajojen kokoon nähden pienet.
Jättiläistaskurapu elää luonnonvaraisena Tyynenmeren pohjalla Japanin, Taiwanin ja Kiinan edustalla, runsaimmillaan 200-300 metrin syvyydessä. Keväisin se siirtyy lisääntymään matalampaan veteen, noin 50 metriin.[2]
Rapua pyydetään ravinnoksi ja matkamuistotarpeisiin, mutta erityisen herkullisena sitä ei pidetä. Jättiläistaskurapuja on näytteillä useissa akvaarioissa.
Jättiläistaskurapu on Macrocheira-suvun ainoa nykyisin elossa oleva laji, mutta suvusta tunnetaan hyvin vanhoja fossiileja.
Jättiläistaskurapu (Macrocheira kaempferi) on suurin nykyään elävä niveljalkainen. Tämän hämähäkkirapujen yläheimoon (Majoidea) kuuluvan äyriäisen eturaajojen kärkiväli voi olla 3,7 metriä. Soikio- tai kolmiomaisen, väriltään oranssin selkäkilven leveys voi olla yli 30 cm ja pituus 40 cm, ja eläimen paino jopa 20 kg. Saksellisten eturaajojen lisäksi ravulla on kahdeksan ohutta kävelyraajaa. Sakset ovat raajojen kokoon nähden pienet.
Jättiläistaskurapu elää luonnonvaraisena Tyynenmeren pohjalla Japanin, Taiwanin ja Kiinan edustalla, runsaimmillaan 200-300 metrin syvyydessä. Keväisin se siirtyy lisääntymään matalampaan veteen, noin 50 metriin.lähde?
Jättiläistaskuravun kulku on hidasliikkeisen arvokasta. Kaikkiruokaisena se syö muun muassa raatoja ja merenpohjan nilviäisiä. Se kerää kuorensa päälle matkustajia kuten sienielämiä suojautuakseen pedoilta kuten mustekaloilta.
Rapua pyydetään ravinnoksi ja matkamuistotarpeisiin, mutta erityisen herkullisena sitä ei pidetä. Jättiläistaskurapuja on näytteillä useissa akvaarioissa.
Jättiläistaskurapu on Macrocheira-suvun ainoa nykyisin elossa oleva laji, mutta suvusta tunnetaan hyvin vanhoja fossiileja.
Le crabe-araignée géant du Japon (Macrocheira kaempferi) est une espèce de crustacés de la famille des Inachidae vivant au large du Japon. C'est la seule espèce encore vivante du genre Macrocheira. C'est le plus grand des arthropodes vivants et de tous les temps[1],[2].
Cette espèce comestible est pêchée par les populations japonaises, à l'échelle artisanale.
Malgré sa taille imposante, il s'adapte bien à la vie en captivité, principalement dans les aquariums publics.
Le crabe-araignée géant du Japon peut atteindre jusqu'à 3,5 m d'envergure, pattes étendues, dont 37 cm pour le corps, et un poids d'environ 20 kg, ce qui en fait le plus grand arthropode vivant[3],[4],[5]. Comme la taille de la première paire de pattes n'est pas liée avec la taille de l'animal, mais avec son âge, la taille est mesurée avec la deuxième paire de pattes permettant une comparaison taille/poids plus fiable[6].
Il est orange, avec des taches blanches le long des pattes. C'est le mâle qui a les plus longs chélipèdes, tandis que la femelle les a beaucoup plus courts, comparés à ses pattes. Outre sa taille exceptionnelle, il diffère des autres crabes car les premiers pléopodes des mâles sont inhabituellement tordus et ses larves ont des caractères primitifs.
Il se rencontre sur les fonds de l'océan Pacifique, dans les eaux du Japon. Notamment au large des côtes sud de l'île japonaise de Honshū, dans la baie de Tokyo à la préfecture de Kagoshima. Des populations périphériques vivent au large de la préfecture d'Iwate et de Su'ao à Taïwan. Les adultes vivent à des profondeurs allant jusqu'à 6 000 mètres, tandis que les jeunes fréquentent des eaux moins profondes (50 mètres).
Dans son milieu naturel, il se nourrit de carcasses d'animaux et fruits de mer (crustacés, mollusques, etc). Il peut vivre jusqu'à l'âge de 100 ans. Le développement des larves planctoniques dépend de la température et prend entre 54 et 72 jours à 12−15 °C[7].
Sa position dans les Majoidés n'est pas établie de manière certaine, anciennement dans les Majidés, actuellement dans les Inachidés, voire dans sa propre famille des Macrocheiridés[3]. Son nom scientifique est un hommage au médecin et voyageur allemand Engelbert Kaempfer.
Le crabe-araignée géant du Japon, malgré sa réputation d'animal féroce, est parfois consommé par les populations japonaises[8]. Un total de 24,7 tonnes a été collecté en 1976, mais seulement 3,2 tonnes en 1985[7]. La pêche est concentrée autour de la baie de Suruga où la population a considérablement diminué, forçant les pêcheurs à sonder plus profondément, afin de les capturer. La taille moyenne des prises des pêcheurs est de 1,0 à 1,2 mètre pour les pattes.
Du fait de son tempérament calme et de ses faibles exigences, il peut être maintenu en captivité ; mais en raison de sa grande taille, seuls les aquariums publics peuvent en accueillir. Ce sont en général de petits et jeunes individus.
Le crabe-araignée géant du Japon (Macrocheira kaempferi) est une espèce de crustacés de la famille des Inachidae vivant au large du Japon. C'est la seule espèce encore vivante du genre Macrocheira. C'est le plus grand des arthropodes vivants et de tous les temps,.
Cette espèce comestible est pêchée par les populations japonaises, à l'échelle artisanale.
Malgré sa taille imposante, il s'adapte bien à la vie en captivité, principalement dans les aquariums publics.
Japanska golema rakovica (lat. Macrocheira kaempferi), najveći je rak na svijetu.Živi u sjeverozapadnom Tihom oceanu oko Japana i Tajvana i hrani se strvinama. Predmet je ribolova i smatra se delikatesom u Japanu. Ima najveći raspon nogu od svih člankonožaca.
Japanska golema rakovica ima raspon nogu od 2,5 metara do 3,8 metara .Tijelo joj je dugačko u promjeru oko 40 cm. Drugi je najteži rak na svijetu(prvi je Američki jastog) a može biti teška i do 20 kilograma. Narančaste je boje sa bijelim točkama po nogama.Oklop im je ponekad prekriven spužvama i anemonama zbog kamuflaže. Njihove ličinke izgledaju vrlo primitivno za razliku od ostalih rakova.
Japanske goleme rakovice žive u obalnim vodama pri dubinama do 600 metara.Podnose temperaturu od 6 do 16 stupnjeva celzijusa ali najčešće žive na temperaturama od 10 do 13 stupnjeva celzijusa .Najčešće nastanjuju dublje djelove oceana iako ih se može naći i pri 50 metara dubine.
Najduži zabilježeni životni vijek japanske goleme rakovice iznosi 100 godina što je možda najduži životni vijek za neku vrstu rakova.Svežder je i hrani se strvinama,manjim rakovima,puževima,školjkama i algama. Zbog svoje težine je prespora da bi trčala za plijenom koji se brzo kreće.Tijekom života više puta moraju mijenjati oklop. Taj proces može trajati oko dva sata.Za vrijeme sezone razmnožavanja migriraju u pliće vode.Oplođene ženke nose jajašca u otvoru na abdomenu sve dok se ne izlegu kao planktonske ličinke.Njihov razvoj mora se odvijati na temperaturi između 12 i 15 stupnjeva celzijusa.Razvoj traje između 54 i 72 dana.Kao ličinke plutaju na površini oceana i nimalo ne podsjećaju na odrasle životinje.Maleni su,prozirni i bez nogu.
Poznato je da japanska golema rakovica može nanijeti teške ozljede pomoću svojih kliješta,no to ne spriječava ribare da je love.U nekim djelovima Japana njezino meso je izrazito cijenjeno te čak smatrano specijalitetom.No zbog izlova njena populacija se sve više smanjuje.
Japanska golema rakovica (lat. Macrocheira kaempferi), najveći je rak na svijetu.Živi u sjeverozapadnom Tihom oceanu oko Japana i Tajvana i hrani se strvinama. Predmet je ribolova i smatra se delikatesom u Japanu. Ima najveći raspon nogu od svih člankonožaca.
Kepiting laba-laba Jepang atau dalam Bahasa Jepang disebut 高脚蟹 (takaashigani berarti "kepiting berkaki panjang"), adalah spesies kepiting yang hidup di laut jepang dengan ciri kaki-kaki yang tergolong paling panjang di antara seluruh arthropoda, yang mencapai hingga 3,8 meter dan berat hingga 19 kilogram. Kepiting ini menjadi sasaran penangkapan dalam jumlah kecil.
Nama kepiting laba-laba muncul dari bentuk kaki yang paling panjang dibanding arthropoda lainnya, dengan jarak 3,8 m dari satu capit ke capit lainnya. Tubuhnya bisa berkembang hingga 40 cm, sementara beratnya bisa mencapai hingga 19 kg[2]. Kepiting jantan punya capit lebih panjang dari betina yang capitnya lebih pendek dari kakinya yang lain[3][4]. Selain perawakannya yang besar, kepiting laba-laba Jepang juga berbeda dengan kepiting lainnya. Barisan awal kaki renang (pleopod) dari kepiting jantan terpelintir dan larvanya terlihat primitif.[1] Kepiting ini berwarna jingga dengan bintik putih di sekujur kakinya[5] Perilakunya dikenal ramah, meskipun bentuknya mengerikan [5] .
Kepiting laba-laba Jepang biasanya ditemukan di lautan selatan kepulauan Honshū, Jepang, mulai dari Tokyo Bay hingga Perfektur Kagoshima. Tempat bertelurnya ditemukan di Perfektur Iwate hingga Su-ao, Yilan di Taiwan[4] sementara kepiting dewasa ditemukan di kedalaman 50-600 meter[4]. Kepiting ini menyenangi lubang dan saluran di bagian laut dalam[6].
Kepiting betina membawa telur yang telah dibuahi di bagian abdominal ujung sampai saatnya menetas menjadi larva berukuran planktonis[6] Perkembangan larva seukuran plankton ini tergantung kepada temperatur dan berlangsung selama 54 hingga 72 hari pada suhu 1-15 derajat Celcius.[7]. Selama periode larva, kepiting muda ini sangat berbeda dengan bentuk dewasanya. Larva ini berbentuk bulat kecil, tanpa kaki dan melayang seperti plankton di permukaan laut[6]. Kepiting laba-laba Jepang tergolong omnivora, memakan baik tumbuhan maupun hewan, bahkan kadang memakan bangkai hewan lain. Beberapa jenis mencari makanan di dasar laut untuk menemukan alga dan tanaman lain, sementara yang lain memaksa masuk ke dalam cangkang hewan moluska[5][6]. Larva ini hidup di kedalaman 150-300 meter dari permukaan laut[8]. Kepiting laba-laba raksasa bermigrasi hingga ke kedalaman 50 meter dari permukaan saat musim kawin[8].
Temminck, dalam catatan aslinya, mencacat bahwa kepiting ini diketahui bisa melukai dengan capitnya yang kuat[3]. Kepiting laba-laba Jepang kadang ditangkap sebagai bagian dari sumber makanan[9], dan kadang dianggap sebagai makanan kegemaran di Jepang dan beberapa bagian lainnya [6][8]. Total 24,7 Ton ditangkap pada tahun 1976, namun turun menjadi 3,2 Ton pada tahun 1985.[7]. Penangkapannya terpusat di Suruga Bay dan ditangkap dengan menggunakan pukat ukuran kecil[8]. Populasinya terus menurun, sehingga memaksa nelayan berlayar untuk mencari hingga jauh ke lautan dalam untuk menangkapnya. Penangkapan dilarang selama musim semi, saat kepiting pindah ke lautan yang lebih dangkal untuk reproduksi[8]. Populasinya yang terus menurun membuat banyak usaha untuk melindungi hewan ini. Ukuran rata-rata yang ditangkap oleh nelayan biasanya yang memiliki panjang kaki 1-1,2 meter[10].
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Media yang berhubungan dengan Macrocheira kaempferi di Wikimedia Commons.
Informasi terkait dengan Macrocheira kaempferi dari Wikispecies.Kepiting laba-laba Jepang atau dalam Bahasa Jepang disebut 高脚蟹 (takaashigani berarti "kepiting berkaki panjang"), adalah spesies kepiting yang hidup di laut jepang dengan ciri kaki-kaki yang tergolong paling panjang di antara seluruh arthropoda, yang mencapai hingga 3,8 meter dan berat hingga 19 kilogram. Kepiting ini menjadi sasaran penangkapan dalam jumlah kecil.
Il granchio gigante del Giappone (Macrocheira kaempferi Temminck, 1836) è il più grande artropode vivente.
È una specie particolarmente antica di granchio, considerata un fossile vivente.
È l'unica specie vivente del genere Macrocheira; altre specie del genere sono state descritte solo come fossili.
Vive nelle profondità dell'Oceano Pacifico (200-300 m sotto il livello del mare) nei pressi del Giappone. Ha una vita media di circa 100 anni.
Nella maturità può raggiungere una apertura delle zampe sino a 4 m, con una dimensione del corpo sino a 37 cm ed un peso sino a 20 kg. Il granchio ha un corpo di color arancione, ma ha punti bianchi nelle sue sottili zampe. Gli artigli degli esemplari maschi divengono più lunghi delle sue zampe; quando aperti questi possono allungarsi per 3 metri. La larghezza del guscio, ovale e arrotondato può arrivare a 30 cm, e raggiungere la lunghezza di 40 cm.
I suoi occhi compositi sono situati sulla parte anteriore, e due aculei (spine) sporgono tra essi. Gli esemplari più giovani sono caratterizzati da peli e spine sul guscio, e i loro aculei frontali sono più lunghi, ma questi gradualmente si atrofizzano quando diventano più vecchi.
La M. kaempferi è diffusa nell'area del Pacifico che circonda l'arcipelago del Giappone.
Predilige i fondali sabbiosi a profondità di 150 - 800 m, più frequentemente tra i 200 e i 300 m. In primavera depone le uova su fondali meno profondi (50 m).
Il granchio gigante giapponese viene catturato utilizzando piccole reti a strascico ed è spesso mangiato salato e stufato. Si trova presso la baia di Sagami, Suruga e Tosa e anche intorno alle isole Izu. La caccia di questo granchio è vietata durante la primavera, quando rilascia le sue uova.
È considerato una specialità intorno alla baia di Suruga, ma il numero dei granchi è diminuito negli anni recenti, e sono in corso tentativi per la sua protezione. Nella prefettura di Wakayama, i granchi sono catturati quando si muovono nelle acque meno profonde in primavera. Questi granchi sono anche usati per motivi di ricerca e ornamentali. Hanno un carattere mite e sono spesso allevati in acquario.
Il granchio gigante del Giappone (Macrocheira kaempferi Temminck, 1836) è il più grande artropode vivente.
È una specie particolarmente antica di granchio, considerata un fossile vivente.
È l'unica specie vivente del genere Macrocheira; altre specie del genere sono state descritte solo come fossili.
Vive nelle profondità dell'Oceano Pacifico (200-300 m sotto il livello del mare) nei pressi del Giappone. Ha una vita media di circa 100 anni.
Japoniškas vorinis krabas (Macrocheira kaempferi, jap. 高脚蟹) yra vandenyse aplink Japoniją gyvenantis krabas. Jo kojos gali driektis iki 3,8 m, daugiau nei bet kurio kito nariuotakojo. Krabo svoris būna iki 19 kg, kūno skersmuo - iki 37 cm. Jis žvejojamas, tačiau mažais kiekiais (24,7 t 1976 m. bet tik 3,2 t 1985 m.). Populiarus didelių akvariumų gyvūnas.
Krabas yra oranžinis, su baltomis dėmėmis. Minta kriauklėmis, dvėseliena (jei randa). Randami nuo 50 iki 600 metrų gylyje, ieškodami maisto savo ilgomis kojomis labai lėtai žingsniuoja dugnu. Gali gyventi iki 100 metų. Nors ir grėsmingos išvaizdos, jis aprašomas kaip nelabai agresyvus, nors savo žnyplėmis gali rimtai sužaloti žmogų.[1] Krabo lervos palyginus su kitais krabais gana primityvios.[2] Išsiritusi Zoea yra mažas, apvalus, permatomas, bekojis, laisvai plaukiojantis organizmas. Krabo taksonomija nelabai aiški, diskutuojama jog Inachidae šeimai kur dabar priskirtas jis nelabai tinka. Šiuo metu tai vienintelė tokia rūšis, tačiau praeityje būta daugiau panašių rūšių, kurios priskiriamos Macrocheira genčiai.
Japoniškas vorinis krabas (Macrocheira kaempferi, jap. 高脚蟹) yra vandenyse aplink Japoniją gyvenantis krabas. Jo kojos gali driektis iki 3,8 m, daugiau nei bet kurio kito nariuotakojo. Krabo svoris būna iki 19 kg, kūno skersmuo - iki 37 cm. Jis žvejojamas, tačiau mažais kiekiais (24,7 t 1976 m. bet tik 3,2 t 1985 m.). Populiarus didelių akvariumų gyvūnas.
Krabas yra oranžinis, su baltomis dėmėmis. Minta kriauklėmis, dvėseliena (jei randa). Randami nuo 50 iki 600 metrų gylyje, ieškodami maisto savo ilgomis kojomis labai lėtai žingsniuoja dugnu. Gali gyventi iki 100 metų. Nors ir grėsmingos išvaizdos, jis aprašomas kaip nelabai agresyvus, nors savo žnyplėmis gali rimtai sužaloti žmogų. Krabo lervos palyginus su kitais krabais gana primityvios. Išsiritusi Zoea yra mažas, apvalus, permatomas, bekojis, laisvai plaukiojantis organizmas. Krabo taksonomija nelabai aiški, diskutuojama jog Inachidae šeimai kur dabar priskirtas jis nelabai tinka. Šiuo metu tai vienintelė tokia rūšis, tačiau praeityje būta daugiau panašių rūšių, kurios priskiriamos Macrocheira genčiai.
De Japanse reuzenkrab (Macrocheira kaempferi) is een krab uit de familie Majidae, ook wel spinkrabben genoemd.
Deze reusachtige krab is alleen vanwege de afmetingen al een monsterlijke verschijning en de bouw lijkt op die van een spin waardoor de krab veel mensen nog meer schrik aanjaagt. De poten zijn verhoudingsgewijs zeer lang en dun en eindigen in een puntig uiteinde. Het rugschild is enigszins driehoekig van vorm, ongeveer 30 cm in doorsnede en voorzien van stekels en knobbels met aan de voorzijde enkele tanden. De spanwijdte van de voorste poten met de scharen is drie meter hoewel de scharen relatief klein zijn. Ook is deze krab een soort die zich heel langzaam voortbeweegt.
De Japanse reuzenkrab leeft op een diepte van 200 tot 300 meter langs de kusten van Japan, China en Taiwan en wordt soms in grote aantallen aangetroffen. De eitjes worden afgezet in ondiepere delen waardoor men de krabben vlak voor de kust kan aantreffen. Deze soort wordt bevist, maar het vlees is niet zo smakelijk als van veel andere krabbensoorten en veel dieren worden tot souvenir verwerkt. Ondanks zijn enorme omvang en soms angstaanjagend uiterlijk zijn ze niet agressief tegen mensen.
Vanaf augustus 2010 was een levend exemplaar van deze reuzenkrabben te zien in Sea Life Scheveningen. Deze heeft de naam Crabzilla. In 2011 is deze vertrokken naar Sealife Paris. Een opgezet exemplaar werd in 1998 geschonken aan Naturalis in Leiden.
In juli 2013 kreeg Sea Life Scheveningen weer een Japanse reuzenkrab. De nieuwe krab is Alexander genoemd en had een spanwijdte van 3,5 meter. Alexander had een eigen aquarium van 12.750 liter gekregen, de acryl ramen daarvan zijn 5 cm dik. De krab reageerde in eerste instantie goed op de verhuizing naar Sea Life, maar de krab overleed alsnog zeer kort na aankomst.[1]
In Scheveningen is een opgezet exemplaar te bezichtigen in Muzee Scheveningen. [1]
Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina Macrocheira kaempferi op Wikimedia Commons. De Japanse reuzenkrab (Macrocheira kaempferi) is een krab uit de familie Majidae, ook wel spinkrabben genoemd.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Japoński krab pacyficzny (Macrocheira kaempferi, zwany także krabem japońskim lub krabem olbrzymim) – jeden z gatunków krabów, a przy tym największy stawonóg na świecie.
Jako odrębny gatunek kraba został on sklasyfikowany w 1836 przez holenderskiego zoologa i arystokratę Coenraada Jacoba Temmincka. Ponieważ jest szczególnie starym gatunkiem, jest zaliczany przez naukowców do żywych skamieniałości. Jest ostatnim żyjącym jeszcze gatunkiem z rodzaju Macrocheira; pozostałe gatunki dawno wymarły.
Japoński krab pacyficzny jest szczególnie dużym krabem; rozpiętość jego odnóży osiąga nawet 3 do 4 metrów (długość głowotułowia około 40 centymetrów) i waży około 20 kilogramów. Posiada wprawdzie stosunkowo mały głowotułów, ale za to ma imponujące odnóża. Jego najpowszechniejsze ubarwienie to kolor czerwony z białymi plamkami, chociaż są spotykane również osobniki całe czerwone bądź białe.
Występuje na dnie Oceanu Spokojnego, niedaleko wschodniej strony Archipelagu Japońskiego, przeważnie na głębokościach od 200 do 300 metrów, lecz spotyka się także te kraby na głębokościach około 800 m.
Większość roku kraby te spędzają w oceanie, na brzeg wychodzą jedynie wiosną, aby złożyć swoje jaja i właśnie o tej porze roku bardzo łatwo spotkać je na japońskich plażach. Ich małe zaraz po wykluciu wędrują do wody.
Nie wiadomo zbyt wiele na temat tych krabów, ponieważ żyją one na dużych głębokościach. Niektórzy badacze twierdzą, że japoński krab pacyficzny dożywa wieku nawet 100 lat, lecz wszystkie te hipotezy nie zostały jeszcze potwierdzone.
Japoński krab pacyficzny jest łowiony przez rybaków na Oceanie Spokojnym; jego łowienie jest szczególnie popularne na wyspach Izu oraz w prefekturze Wakayama. Jego mięso, odpowiednio doprawione, jest lokalnym przysmakiem.
Nie można go łowić jedynie wiosną, w okresie składania jaj i wykluwania się młodych.
Japoński krab pacyficzny (Macrocheira kaempferi, zwany także krabem japońskim lub krabem olbrzymim) – jeden z gatunków krabów, a przy tym największy stawonóg na świecie.
Jako odrębny gatunek kraba został on sklasyfikowany w 1836 przez holenderskiego zoologa i arystokratę Coenraada Jacoba Temmincka. Ponieważ jest szczególnie starym gatunkiem, jest zaliczany przez naukowców do żywych skamieniałości. Jest ostatnim żyjącym jeszcze gatunkiem z rodzaju Macrocheira; pozostałe gatunki dawno wymarły.
Macrocheira kaempferi (Temminck, 1836), conhecido pelos nomes comuns de caranguejo-gigante-japonês (高脚蟹 takaashigani?, lit. "caranguejo-de-pernas-longas") e caranguejo-aranha-gigante,[2] é uma espécie de caranguejo, considerada o maior artrópode extante conhecido, que chega a atingir uma envergadura, medida com as patas esticadas, de 3,8 metros e um peso de 19 kg.[3] Ocorre nas águas profundas do Oceano Pacífico, sendo relativamente abundante nas águas do Mar do Japão, onde é objeto de pescaria comercial, embora pouco expressiva.
A espécie M. kaempferi é um grande caranguejo, de coloração corporal alaranjada e manchas brancas ao longo de cada pernas,.[4] que apresente a maior envergadura entre os artrópodes conhecidos, atingindo 3,8 m cada perna, de quela a quela. A largura da carapaça pode atingir os 40 cm, com uma massa corporal de 19 kg.[5] Os machos têm quelípodos mais alongados[6] do que as fêmeas, cujos quelípodos, além de muito mais curtos, não ultrapassam o comprimento do par de pernas imediato.[7]
Para além do seu tamanho notável, M. kaempferi difere dos restantes caranguejos em muitos aspectos, entre os quais por os primeiros pleópodes dos machos são invulgarmente torcidos e as suas larvas terem aparência primitiva.[1]
Apesar do seu aspecto feroz que lhe é dado pelas longas quelas, é pouco agressivo.[4]
A área de distribuição natural da espécie está centrada ao largo da costa sul da ilha de Honshū, desde a baía de Tóquio às àguas ao largo da Prefeitura de Kagoshima. Populações menores foram encontradas ao largo da Prefeitura de Iwate e de Su-ao (Taiwan).[7] Os espécimes adultos distribuem-se até aos 600 m de profundidade, com exemplares capturados a partir dos 50 m.[7] A maioria parece distribuir-se na região dos 150–300 m de profundidade,[8] mas sobem até cerca de 50 m de profundidade durante a época da reprodução.[8]
O habitat preferencial são cavidades e cavernas nas depressões dos fundos marinhos.[9]
As fêmeas transportam os ovos fertilizados ligados aos seus apêndices abdominais até que eclodem em minúsculas larvas planctónicas.[9] O ritmo de desenvolvimento das larvas é dependente da temperatura das águas, atingindo o termo da fase larval entre os 54 e os 72 dias após a eclosão a temperaturas de 12-15 ºC.[10]
Durante a fase larval os juvenis apresentam uma morfologia totalmente distinta da dos adultos, sendo nas fases nauplius e zoea um minúsculo corpo transparente arredondado, desprovido de apêndices, que se mantém à deriva junto da superfície do oceano.[9]
Os adultos são omnívoros, alimentando-se de matéria orgânica de origem animal e vegetal. Por vezes agem como necrófagos, consumindo animais mortos. Espécimes foram observados a raspar o fundo do mar para recolher restos de algas e plantas e a abrir as conchas de bivalves.[4][9]
A espécie foi originalmente descrita na ciência ocidental em 1836 por Coenraad Jacob Temminck que lhe atribuiu o nome de Maja kaempferi, com base em material colectado por Philipp Franz von Siebold nas proximidades da ilha artificial de Dejima.[11] O epíteto específico comemora Engelbert Kaempfer, um naturalista alemão que viveu no Japão de 1651 a 1716 e escreveu sobre a história natural daquele território.[12]
A espécie foi transferida para o género Inachus por Wilhem de Haan em 1839 e integrada num novo subgénero, Macrocheira. Aquele subgénero foi elevado à categoria taxonómica de género em 1886 por Edward J. Miers.[1]
Apesar de estar no presente incluído na família Inachidae, M. kaempferi não se integra perfeitamente no grupo, pelo que poderá ser necessário erigir uma nova família para acomodar o género Macrocheira.[1] Para além da única espécie extante, M. kaempferi, são conhecidas quatro espécies fósseis pertencentes ao género Macrocheira.[13]
Coenraad Jacob Temminck, na sua descrição original da espécie, anota que aquele caranguejo era conhecido dos japoneses pelos sérios ferimentos que pode infligir com as suas poderosas pinças.[6]
A espécie é ocasionalmente capturada para consumo humano,[14] sendo mesmo considerada um pitéu em muitas partes do Japão e outras áreas costeiras em torno do Mar do Japão.[9][8] As estatísticas disponíveis apontam capturas de 24,7 t em 1976, mas apenas 3,2 t em 1985.[10]
A pescaria está centrada na Baía de Suruga, sendo as capturas feitas com a utilização de pequenas redes de arrasto.[8] A envergadura média dos espécimes capturados é de apenas 1,0-1.2 m[11] e a população tem decrescido, forçando os pescadores a explorar águas mais profundas. A diminuição das populações observadas nos anos mais recentes levou a iniciativas visando a conservação da espécie. As capturas estão proibidas durante a primavera, período em que os caranguejos se movem para águas menos profundas para se reproduzirem.[8]
Macrocheira kaempferi (Temminck, 1836), conhecido pelos nomes comuns de caranguejo-gigante-japonês (高脚蟹 takaashigani?, lit. "caranguejo-de-pernas-longas") e caranguejo-aranha-gigante, é uma espécie de caranguejo, considerada o maior artrópode extante conhecido, que chega a atingir uma envergadura, medida com as patas esticadas, de 3,8 metros e um peso de 19 kg. Ocorre nas águas profundas do Oceano Pacífico, sendo relativamente abundante nas águas do Mar do Japão, onde é objeto de pescaria comercial, embora pouco expressiva.
Veľkrab japonský (Macrocheira kaempferi) je najväčší kôrovec a súčasne najväčší článkonožec na svete. V Japonsku sa považuje za pochúťku. Jeho telo meria v priemere 30 cm a dlhé nohy sú v rozpätí od pazúra po pazúr až 3,5 m. Tento obrovský krab sa maskuje, podobne ako iné druhy, „záhradkou“ na svojom chrbte. Silnými klepetami odštipuje morské riasy a huby, rozžuje ich v ústach a priliepa na pancier a nohy, pokryté drobnými háčikmi. Cez deň krab nehybne oddychuje na morskom dne a je prakticky neviditeľný.
Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému Veľkrab japonský
Wikidruhy ponúkajú informácie na tému Veľkrab japonský
Veľkrab japonský (Macrocheira kaempferi) je najväčší kôrovec a súčasne najväčší článkonožec na svete. V Japonsku sa považuje za pochúťku. Jeho telo meria v priemere 30 cm a dlhé nohy sú v rozpätí od pazúra po pazúr až 3,5 m. Tento obrovský krab sa maskuje, podobne ako iné druhy, „záhradkou“ na svojom chrbte. Silnými klepetami odštipuje morské riasy a huby, rozžuje ich v ústach a priliepa na pancier a nohy, pokryté drobnými háčikmi. Cez deň krab nehybne oddychuje na morskom dne a je prakticky neviditeľný.
Japansk spindelkrabba (Macrocheira kaempferi) är det största nu levande leddjuret, och Placeras som ensam art i släktet Macrocheira. Det finns dock studier som tyder på att det funnits fler numera utdöda arter i släktet.
En fullvuxen individ kan nå en längd på nästan 4 meter, mätt från klospets till klospets då benen är utsträckta, och en vikt på upp till 20 kilogram. Det finns ett bekräftat exemplar som mätte 3,69 meter, men ännu större exemplar har rapporterats.[1] Hos hannar blir klorna på det främre benparet längre än övriga klor. Den ovala ryggskölden kan bli upp till 30 centimeter bred och nära 40 centimeter lång. Krabban har orange kropp och smala, röda ben med vita fläckar. Dess ögon sitter på framsidan av kroppen med två små horn som sticker fram mellan dem. Unga individer har hår och taggar på skalet och deras horn är längre än hos äldre individer. .
Artens naturliga miljö är havsbottnar i Stilla havet kring Japan där den livnär sig på as och kräftdjur.[2] Den kan leva på bottnar ner till 600 meters djup[3] men oftast finns den på omkring 300-400 meters djup.[4] På våren, när de lägger ägg, kan de återfinnas på grundare områden upp till 50 meters djup.[3] Den har en livslängd som är uppskattad till närmare 100 år.[2] Den är inte aggressiv mot människor.
Krabban fiskas med små trålarnät och äts saltad eller ångkokt. Den fångas i bukterna vid Sagami, Suruga och Tosa och runt Izuöarna. Det är förbjudet att fiska krabbor under våren då de lägger ägg. Krabban betraktas som en specialitet i Suruga. Den globala populationen har minskat och man har försökt att skydda dem. Krabban används även för vetenskapliga syften och som prydnad.[2] Den är inte aggressiv och föds ofta upp i akvarier.
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Japansk spindelkrabba.
Japansk spindelkrabba (Macrocheira kaempferi) är det största nu levande leddjuret, och Placeras som ensam art i släktet Macrocheira. Det finns dock studier som tyder på att det funnits fler numera utdöda arter i släktet.
Dev Japon örümcek yengeçleri (Macrocheira kaempferi), Büyük Okyanus'ta yaklaşık olarak 600-700 metre derinlikte yaşayan yengeç türü. 10 bacağı olup, her bir bacağı 3-4 metreyi bulabilmektedir. Japon örümcek yengeci, yengeç türlerinin en büyük canlılarıdır.
Kabuklular ile ilgili bu madde bir taslaktır. Madde içeriğini geliştirerek Vikipedi'ye katkıda bulunabilirsiniz. Маса японського краба-павука — до 19 кг. Довжина тіла (головогруди без ніг) до 37 см, з ногами до 5,8 м. Живе на глибинах 150—800 м, але частіше його виявляють на глибині близько 200—300 м. Під час яйцекладки піднімається до 50 м (у весняний період).[3]
Харчується молюсками і залишками тварин; живе приблизно до 100 років.[4]
Використовується в харчових, наукових та декоративних цілях, часто утримується у великих акваріумах.
Навесні під час яйцекладки ловля краба заборонена.
Свою наукову назву (Macrocheira kaempferi) вид отримав на честь німецького мандрівника і натураліста Енгельберта Кемпфера і був описаний в 1836 році голландським зоологом Конрадом Якобом Теммінком.[5].
Це єдиний сучасний вид роду Macrocheira. Відомі й вимерлі види цього роду — Macrocheira longirostra і Macrocheira teglandi. Рід відносять або до родини Inachidae,[6] або до Majidae, або до самостійної родини Macrocheiridae.
Cua nhện Nhật Bản (Danh pháp khoa học: Macrocheira kaempferi) hay còn gọi là Cua nhện khổng lồ, cua nhện, Crabzilla là một loài cua biển trong cận bộ Cua sống tại đáy sâu ở vùng biển Thái Bình Dương. Đây là loài cua lớn nhất hiện đang tồn tại trên Trái Đất.[2][3] Trong tiếng Nhật, loài cua này được gọi là "cua chân cao" (cao cước giải, chữ Nhật: 高脚蟹, タカアシガニ, takaashigani).
Cua nhện Nhật Bản có chiều dài chân lớn nhất trong số các động vật giáp xác, có thể lên đến 3,7 mét (12 ft) tính từ càng này tới càng kia.[4] Chiều dài cơ thể có thể lên tới 40 xentimét hoặc 16 inch (giáp đầu) và cả con cua có thể nặng 41 pound (19 kg).[5]
Tuy nhiên, những kích thước đó chỉ có thể đạt được với các con đực[6] còn con cái thì có càng ngắn hơn nhiều và ngắm hơn cả chân của nó.[7] Ngoại trừ kích thước đáng nể, cua nhện Nhật Bản cũng có nhiều đặc điểm hình thái khác so với các loài cua còn lại.
Chân bơi của con đực bị xoắn một cách bất thường và ấu trùng của nó có diện mạo khá nguyên thủy.[1] Con cua có màu cam với những đốm trắng trên chân.[8]
Cua nhện Nhật Bản có lớp xương ngoài rất cứng giúp chúng né tránh đối thủ săn mồi, chúng thường lợi dụng bọt biển hoặc các loài sinh vật biển khác để ngụy trang.[9] Tính khí của loài cua này được ghi nhận là khá hiền lành, trái ngược với vẻ ngoài hung dữ của chúng.[8]
Năm 2009, một con cua nhện khổng lồ được một ngư dân bắt được ở khu vịnh Suraga, phía tây nam Tokyo, Nhật Bản. Cân nặng của nó đạt tới 15 kg, dài 3m và cơ thể nó vẫn chưa ngừng phát triển[10] khi phát triển hoàn thiện, nó có thể dài bằng cả một chiếc ô tô,[11] Con cua này được đặt tên là Kong, được xác định khoảng 40 tuổi và được triển lãm tại Dorset, trước khi chuyển đến München, Đức.[12] Trước đó kỷ lục thuộc về con cua nhện có tên Crabzilla, khoảng 40 năm tuổi, có trọng lượng khoảng 12,5 kg, chiều dài khoảng 3,5m. Nó được coi là một trong những con cua lớn nhất thế giới với mỗi chiếc chân của nó cũng có chiều dài khoảng 1,5 m.
Cua nhện Nhật Bản chủ yếu được tìm thấy ở vùng duyên hải phía Nam của đảo Honshū, từ vịnh Tokyo đến Kagoshima. Các quần thể ở xa hơn tọa lạc tại Iwate và ngoài khơi Tô Áo, Nghi Lan, Đài Loan.[7] Cua trưởng thành có thể được tìm thấy ở các vùng nước tại nhiều độ sâu khác nhau, từ 50 mét (160 ft) tới 600 mét (2.000 ft).[7]
Tại khu vực sống tự nhiên của chúng, cua nhện Nhật Bản ăn các loài sò, ốc, động vật có vỏ và các xác chết. Chúng có thể sống tới 100 năm.[8] Quá trình ấu trùng kéo dài tùy theo nhiệt độ môi trường, thường vào khoảng từ 54 đến 72 ngày tại nhiệt độ 12–15 °C (54–59 °F).[13]
Cua nhện Nhật Bản được mô tả lần đầu tiên vào năm 1836 bởi Coenraad Jacob Temminck dưới cái tên Maja kaempferi, dựa theo các ghi chép của Philipp Franz von Siebold tại đảo nhân tạo Dejima.[14] Tên khoa học mà Temminck đặt ra có mục đích nhằm vinh danh Engelbert Kaempfer, một nhà tự nhiên học Đức của thế kỷ 17, tác giả quyển sách Fauna Japonica có nội dung mô tả lịch sử tự nhiên của Nhật Bản.[15]
Năm 1839 Wilhem de Haan đưa nó vào một phân chi mới của chi Inachus mang tên là Macrocheira. Đến năm 1886 Edward J. Miers chuyển đổi Macrocheira thành một chi riêng.[1] Hiện nay cua nhện Nhật Bản được xếp vào họ Inachidae nhưng dường như nó không hoàn toàn phù hợp với họ này và có thể cần phải tạo một họ mới (Macrocheira) cho nó.[1] Ngoài M. kaempferi hiện đang tồn tại, chi Macrocheira có thêm 4 loài nữa nhưng chỉ được biết qua hóa thạch.[16]
Trong mô tả của mình, Temminck cho rằng cua nhện Nhật Bản nổi tiếng tại nước này vì những thương tích trầm trọng có thể gây ra bởi đôi càng rất khỏe của nó.[6] Tuy nhiên, cua nhện Nhật Bản lại thường xuyên bị đánh bắt để lấy thịt;[17] tổng cộng có tới 24,7 tấn (54.000 lb)[Chuyển đổi: Số không hợp lệ] cua đã được đánh bắt vào năm 1976, nhưng đến năm 1985 con số này đã sụt xuống chỉ còn 3,2 tấn (7.100 lb)[Chuyển đổi: Số không hợp lệ].[13] Trung tâm của nghề đánh bắt cua tọa lạc ở vịnh Suruga. Mặt khác do số lượng cua giảm đi đáng kể, ngư dân đã phải ra xa bờ để đánh bắt chúng. Những con cua bị đánh bắt thường có chiều dài chân vào chừng 1,0–1,2 mét (3 ft 3 in–3 ft 11 in)[Chuyển đổi: Số không hợp lệ].[14]
|archivedate= (trợ giúp) Cua nhện Nhật Bản (Danh pháp khoa học: Macrocheira kaempferi) hay còn gọi là Cua nhện khổng lồ, cua nhện, Crabzilla là một loài cua biển trong cận bộ Cua sống tại đáy sâu ở vùng biển Thái Bình Dương. Đây là loài cua lớn nhất hiện đang tồn tại trên Trái Đất. Trong tiếng Nhật, loài cua này được gọi là "cua chân cao" (cao cước giải, chữ Nhật: 高脚蟹, タカアシガニ, takaashigani).
Японский краб-паук[2], Японский глубоководный краб[3] (лат. Macrocheira kaempferi) — вид ракообразных из инфраотряда крабов (Brachyura). Один из самых крупных представителей членистоногих: крупные особи достигают 45 см длины карапакса и 3 м в размахе первой пары ног[2]. Распространён в Тихом океане у побережья Японии на глубине от 50 до 300 метров[4].
Масса до 40 кг. Длина тела (головогруди без ног) до 80 см, с ногами до 6 м. Обитает на глубинах 150—800 м, но чаще обнаруживается на глубине около 200—300 м. Во время яйцекладки поднимается до 50 м (в весенний период).
Питается моллюсками и остатками животных; живёт предположительно до 100 лет[5].
Используется в пищевых, научных и декоративных целях, часто содержится в крупных аквариумах.
Весной во время яйцекладки ловля краба запрещена.
Своё научное название (M. kaempferi) вид получил в честь немецкого путешественника и натуралиста Энгельберта Кемпфера (Лемго, Германия) и был описан в 1836 году голландским зоологом Конрадом Якобом Темминком[6].
Это единственный современный вид рода Macrocheira Dana, 1853, однако имеются два сообщения об ископаемых находках (†M. longirostra и †M. teglandi). Род относят или к семейству Inachidae[7], или к Majidae, или к самостоятельному семейству Macrocheiridae Dana, 1851.
Японский краб-паук, Японский глубоководный краб (лат. Macrocheira kaempferi) — вид ракообразных из инфраотряда крабов (Brachyura). Один из самых крупных представителей членистоногих: крупные особи достигают 45 см длины карапакса и 3 м в размахе первой пары ног. Распространён в Тихом океане у побережья Японии на глубине от 50 до 300 метров.
甘氏巨螯蟹（Macrocheira kaempferi）是已知世界上現存体型最大的甲殼動物、十足目短尾下目蜘蛛蟹總科巨螯蟹屬唯一的現存種[1]。
甘氏巨螯蟹最在1836年由西方的科學家康拉德·雅各·特明克描述時，依據由菲利普·弗蘭茲·馮·西博爾德在日本的人工島出岛採集的資料[2]，被認為是蜘蛛蟹屬的成員。種加詞是紀念德國博物學家恩格柏特·坎普法（Engelbert Kaempfer），他在1690年到1692年於日本居住，為該國編撰自然歴史[3]。1839年，威廉·德·哈恩把本物種移往尖頭蟹屬 （Inachus）一個新成立的亞屬巨螯蟹亞屬（Macrocheira）。1886年，巨螯蟹亞屬被Edward J. Miers提升成為巨螯蟹屬[4]。
巨螯蟹屬原屬於蜘蛛蟹科之下的尖頭蟹亞科，今屬蜘蛛蟹總科之下的尖頭蟹科。不過，巨螯蟹屬跟其他尖頭蟹科的物種相異頗大，所以有建議認為巨螯蟹屬應該獨立出來成為獨立一個科[4]。
體深橙色，有十長肢，上有白斑，前兩肢發展成螯。最大的樣本腿展開後長4.2公尺、體長38公分，重20公斤，[5]壽命達100年。[6]
兩隻複眼長在身體前方，之間有兩根棘刺。[5]
生活在日本岩手縣至台灣東北角以外的太平洋海域深500-1,000公尺、均溫十到十五攝氏度的海底淤泥地形。[7]以鯊魚、盲鰻、螃蟹、各種魚類為食物。[6]
渡群體生活，並以螯勾倒對手決定地位高低。領袖擁有在石頭上休息的權利，但清醒時會站得最高，如果有其他蟹站得比它高，領袖會將牠踩低。 [8]
2003年台灣研究機構宣佈首次有人工配對並產下一百萬顆卵的記錄。[7]
在日本是一種食品，亦作研究和觀賞用。[5]
|date=中的日期值 (帮助) 
分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 節足動物門 Arthropoda 亜門 : 甲殻亜門 Crustacea 綱 : 軟甲綱 Malacostraca 亜綱 : 真軟甲亜綱 Eumalacostraca 上目 : ホンエビ上目 Eucarida 目 : 十脚目 Decapoda 亜目 : 抱卵亜目 Pleocyemata 下目 : 短尾下目 Brachyura 科 : クモガニ科 Majidae 属 : タカアシガニ属 Macrocheira 種 : タカアシガニ M. kaempferi 学名 Macrocheira kaempferiタカアシガニ（高脚蟹・学名Macrocheira kaempferi）は、十脚目・短尾下目・クモガニ科に分類される蟹。日本近海の深海に生息する巨大な蟹で、現生の節足動物では世界最大になる。
カニ類の中では系統的に古い種で、生きている化石とよばれる。現生のタカアシガニ属 (Macrocheira属)は1属1種だけだが、他に化石種が4種類（日本国内に2種、アメリカ合衆国ワシントン州に2種）報告されている。
全身が橙色だが、脚には白色のまだら模様が入る。脚は非常に細長いが、さらに成体のオスでは鋏脚が脚よりも長くなり、大きなオスが鋏脚を広げると3.8mに達する。甲羅は最大で甲幅40cmになり、甲長の方が長く楕円形で、盛りあがっていて丸っこい。体重は最大で19㎏に達する。複眼は甲羅の前方に並び、複眼の間には斜めの棘が左右に突き出す。若い個体は甲羅に毛や棘があり、複眼の間の棘も長いが、成熟すると毛は短くなり、棘も目立たなくなる。
生息域は岩手県沖から九州までの太平洋岸で、東シナ海、駿河湾、土佐湾である。 日本近海の固有種と言われていたが、1989年に台湾の東方沖で見つかっている。水深150-800mほどの深海砂泥底に生息し（特に水深200-300mに多い）、春の産卵期には、水深50m程度の浅いところまで移動して産卵する。学名はエンゲルベルト・ケンペル（Engelbert Kaempfer）にちなんで名づけられたもので、彼の生誕350年の折には剥製がドイツに送られた。
食性は動物食の強い雑食性で、貝などを鋏で潰し割って食べることが多い。（鋏の内側に球状の突起が多数並んでおり、くるみ割り器のように、固い物を潰して割る構造になっている）
近縁種4種は全て絶滅種で、1926年にメアリー・ラスバンによってアメリカ合衆国ワシントン州のオリンピック半島の東ツイン川 (ワシントン州)（英語版）で確認された Macrocheira teglandi、1957年に今泉力蔵によって長野県下伊那郡千代村米川（現在の同県飯田市大字千代）の千代小学校の校庭の地層で確認された「チヨガニ」（Macrocheira yabei）、同じく今泉によって1965年に山形県尾花沢市の薬師沢支流の砂岩層から確認された Macrocheira ginzanensis、1999年にキャリー・シュバイツァー（Carrie E. Schweitzer）とロドニー・フェルドマン（Rodney M. Feldmann）の研究チームによってワシントン州オリンピック半島の地層から確認された Macrocheira longirostra である。
食用になるが、肉が水っぽく大味と評価されがちであり、それゆえ大正初期の頃から底引き網漁でタカアシガニが水揚げされるも見向きもされていなかった。しかし今日では漁獲される地元の名物料理の一つになっている。巷説では、1960年（昭和35年）に戸田村の地元旅館主人が「タカアシガニ料理」を始めたとされている。[1] 小型底引き網（トロール網）などで漁獲され、塩茹でや蒸しガニ等にして食用にされる。メスの方が美味しいという話もあるが、巨体の割にはあまり肉が多くない。漁場は相模灘、駿河湾、土佐湾、尾鷲、伊豆七島周辺などだが、産卵期の春は禁漁となっている。特に漁が盛んな駿河湾ではタカアシガニを観光の名物にしているが、近年は漁獲が減少しているため、種苗放流など資源保護の動きもある。[2]和歌山県では産卵期の春に浅瀬に移動するものを漁獲している。
食用の他に研究用や装飾用の剥製にもされる。性質はおとなしく、また飼育のし易さ、目を引く点、個体の補充しやすさから水族館などでも飼育される。
タカアシガニ（高脚蟹・学名Macrocheira kaempferi）は、十脚目・短尾下目・クモガニ科に分類される蟹。日本近海の深海に生息する巨大な蟹で、現生の節足動物では世界最大になる。
カニ類の中では系統的に古い種で、生きている化石とよばれる。現生のタカアシガニ属 (Macrocheira属)は1属1種だけだが、他に化石種が4種類（日本国内に2種、アメリカ合衆国ワシントン州に2種）報告されている。
키다리게(일본어: タカアシガニ 타카아시가니[*]는 일본 주변 바다에서 사는 갑각류의 한 종이다. 다른 어떤 절지동물들보다도 큰 다리를 가지고 있으며, 일본 내에서 식용으로 주로 사용된다.[1] 같은 카디리게속(Macrocheira)에 마이오세에 살던 지금은 멸종한 두 종인 Macrocheira ginzanensis와 Macrocheira yabei를 포함한다.
키다리게(일본어: タカアシガニ 타카아시가니[*]는 일본 주변 바다에서 사는 갑각류의 한 종이다. 다른 어떤 절지동물들보다도 큰 다리를 가지고 있으며, 일본 내에서 식용으로 주로 사용된다. 같은 카디리게속(Macrocheira)에 마이오세에 살던 지금은 멸종한 두 종인 Macrocheira ginzanensis와 Macrocheira yabei를 포함한다.
