-
Slo.: jeasta pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon gemmatum var. echinatum (Pers.) Fr., Lycoperdon hoylei Berk. & Broome, Utraria echinata (Pers.) Qul. - Habitat: old mountain Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies, south inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, warm and relatively dry place, in shade, under a Fagus sylvatica tree, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 1.025 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest ground, organic debris on soil, mostly Fagus sylvatica leaves and Picea abies needles. - Comments: It is generally easy to recognize members of the genus Lycoperdon, although some species of genus Handkea, Vascellum or Scleroderma may cause confusion. The shape of their fruit bodies is more or less pear like and kids know very well they expel 'smoke' if they touch mature fruit bodies. However, to determine them on species level is more difficult. For example: If substrate is buried in the ground Lycoperdon pyriforme (which grows on wood) can easily be confused by Lycoperdon perlatum (which grows on soil); an old already brownish Lycoperdon perlatum can appear quite similar to Lycoperdon molle. etc. Neither shape nor color or surface of sporocarps or other individual morphological traits are reliable. All these vary significantly during life span of sporocarps and growing conditions. Only after gathering experience based on several finds in different conditions it gradually becomes easier to recognize them. Lycoperdon echinatum is an exception in this regard. Its sometimes up to 5 mm long spines covering the surface of the fruit bodies and distinctly brown color almost from the beginning of their development make the determination easy. - Growing solitary, fruit body diameter 4.8 cm (spines included), stem-like base height 1.8 cm, diameter about 1.5 cm; spines up to 3 mm long, partly solitary and partly two to four fused at the top; SP and mature gleba brown-gray with slight purple-lilac tint, oac638 (but darker). - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 4,4 [4,9 ; 5] 5,5 x 4,3 [4,7 ; 4,9] 5,3 , Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 37; C = 95%, Me = 4,9 x 4,8 ; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Leg.: Jernej Trnkoczy (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1087. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 326. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 328. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 390. (7) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 142.
-
Slo.: jeasta pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon gemmatum var. echinatum (Pers.) Fr., Lycoperdon hoylei Berk. & Broome, Utraria echinata (Pers.) Qul. - Habitat: old mountain Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies, south inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, warm and relatively dry place, in shade, under a Fagus sylvatica tree, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 1.025 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest ground, organic debris on soil, mostly Fagus sylvatica leaves and Picea abies needles. - Comments: It is generally easy to recognize members of the genus Lycoperdon, although some species of genus Handkea, Vascellum or Scleroderma may cause confusion. The shape of their fruit bodies is more or less pear like and kids know very well they expel 'smoke' if they touch mature fruit bodies. However, to determine them on species level is more difficult. For example: If substrate is buried in the ground Lycoperdon pyriforme (which grows on wood) can easily be confused by Lycoperdon perlatum (which grows on soil); an old already brownish Lycoperdon perlatum can appear quite similar to Lycoperdon molle. etc. Neither shape nor color or surface of sporocarps or other individual morphological traits are reliable. All these vary significantly during life span of sporocarps and growing conditions. Only after gathering experience based on several finds in different conditions it gradually becomes easier to recognize them. Lycoperdon echinatum is an exception in this regard. Its sometimes up to 5 mm long spines covering the surface of the fruit bodies and distinctly brown color almost from the beginning of their development make the determination easy. - Growing solitary, fruit body diameter 4.8 cm (spines included), stem-like base height 1.8 cm, diameter about 1.5 cm; spines up to 3 mm long, partly solitary and partly two to four fused at the top; SP and mature gleba brown-gray with slight purple-lilac tint, oac638 (but darker). - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 4,4 [4,9 ; 5] 5,5 x 4,3 [4,7 ; 4,9] 5,3 , Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 37; C = 95%, Me = 4,9 x 4,8 ; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Leg.: Jernej Trnkoczy (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1087. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 326. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 328. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 390. (7) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 142.
-
Slo.: jeasta pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon gemmatum var. echinatum (Pers.) Fr., Lycoperdon hoylei Berk. & Broome, Utraria echinata (Pers.) Qul. - Habitat: old mountain Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies, south inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, warm and relatively dry place, in shade, under a Fagus sylvatica tree, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 1.025 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest ground, organic debris on soil, mostly Fagus sylvatica leaves and Picea abies needles. - Comments: It is generally easy to recognize members of the genus Lycoperdon, although some species of genus Handkea, Vascellum or Scleroderma may cause confusion. The shape of their fruit bodies is more or less pear like and kids know very well they expel 'smoke' if they touch mature fruit bodies. However, to determine them on species level is more difficult. For example: If substrate is buried in the ground Lycoperdon pyriforme (which grows on wood) can easily be confused by Lycoperdon perlatum (which grows on soil); an old already brownish Lycoperdon perlatum can appear quite similar to Lycoperdon molle. etc. Neither shape nor color or surface of sporocarps or other individual morphological traits are reliable. All these vary significantly during life span of sporocarps and growing conditions. Only after gathering experience based on several finds in different conditions it gradually becomes easier to recognize them. Lycoperdon echinatum is an exception in this regard. Its sometimes up to 5 mm long spines covering the surface of the fruit bodies and distinctly brown color almost from the beginning of their development make the determination easy. - Growing solitary, fruit body diameter 4.8 cm (spines included), stem-like base height 1.8 cm, diameter about 1.5 cm; spines up to 3 mm long, partly solitary and partly two to four fused at the top; SP and mature gleba brown-gray with slight purple-lilac tint, oac638 (but darker). - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 4,4 [4,9 ; 5] 5,5 x 4,3 [4,7 ; 4,9] 5,3 , Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 37; C = 95%, Me = 4,9 x 4,8 ; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Leg.: Jernej Trnkoczy (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1087. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 326. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 328. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 390. (7) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 142.
-
Slo.: jeasta pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon gemmatum var. echinatum (Pers.) Fr., Lycoperdon hoylei Berk. & Broome, Utraria echinata (Pers.) Qul. - Habitat: old mountain Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies, south inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, warm and relatively dry place, in shade, under a Fagus sylvatica tree, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 1.025 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest ground, organic debris on soil, mostly Fagus sylvatica leaves and Picea abies needles. - Comments: It is generally easy to recognize members of the genus Lycoperdon, although some species of genus Handkea, Vascellum or Scleroderma may cause confusion. The shape of their fruit bodies is more or less pear like and kids know very well they expel 'smoke' if they touch mature fruit bodies. However, to determine them on species level is more difficult. For example: If substrate is buried in the ground Lycoperdon pyriforme (which grows on wood) can easily be confused by Lycoperdon perlatum (which grows on soil); an old already brownish Lycoperdon perlatum can appear quite similar to Lycoperdon molle. etc. Neither shape nor color or surface of sporocarps or other individual morphological traits are reliable. All these vary significantly during life span of sporocarps and growing conditions. Only after gathering experience based on several finds in different conditions it gradually becomes easier to recognize them. Lycoperdon echinatum is an exception in this regard. Its sometimes up to 5 mm long spines covering the surface of the fruit bodies and distinctly brown color almost from the beginning of their development make the determination easy. - Growing solitary, fruit body diameter 4.8 cm (spines included), stem-like base height 1.8 cm, diameter about 1.5 cm; spines up to 3 mm long, partly solitary and partly two to four fused at the top; SP and mature gleba brown-gray with slight purple-lilac tint, oac638 (but darker). - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 4,4 [4,9 ; 5] 5,5 x 4,3 [4,7 ; 4,9] 5,3 , Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 37; C = 95%, Me = 4,9 x 4,8 ; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Leg.: Jernej Trnkoczy (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1087. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 326. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 328. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 390. (7) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 142.
-
Slo.: jeasta pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon gemmatum var. echinatum (Pers.) Fr., Lycoperdon hoylei Berk. & Broome, Utraria echinata (Pers.) Qul. - Habitat: old mountain Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies, south inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, warm and relatively dry place, in shade, under a Fagus sylvatica tree, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 1.025 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest ground, organic debris on soil, mostly Fagus sylvatica leaves and Picea abies needles. - Comments: It is generally easy to recognize members of the genus Lycoperdon, although some species of genus Handkea, Vascellum or Scleroderma may cause confusion. The shape of their fruit bodies is more or less pear like and kids know very well they expel 'smoke' if they touch mature fruit bodies. However, to determine them on species level is more difficult. For example: If substrate is buried in the ground Lycoperdon pyriforme (which grows on wood) can easily be confused by Lycoperdon perlatum (which grows on soil); an old already brownish Lycoperdon perlatum can appear quite similar to Lycoperdon molle. etc. Neither shape nor color or surface of sporocarps or other individual morphological traits are reliable. All these vary significantly during life span of sporocarps and growing conditions. Only after gathering experience based on several finds in different conditions it gradually becomes easier to recognize them. Lycoperdon echinatum is an exception in this regard. Its sometimes up to 5 mm long spines covering the surface of the fruit bodies and distinctly brown color almost from the beginning of their development make the determination easy. - Growing solitary, fruit body diameter 4.8 cm (spines included), stem-like base height 1.8 cm, diameter about 1.5 cm; spines up to 3 mm long, partly solitary and partly two to four fused at the top; SP and mature gleba brown-gray with slight purple-lilac tint, oac638 (but darker). - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 4,4 [4,9 ; 5] 5,5 x 4,3 [4,7 ; 4,9] 5,3 , Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 37; C = 95%, Me = 4,9 x 4,8 ; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Leg.: Jernej Trnkoczy (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1087. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 326. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 328. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 390. (7) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 142.
-
Slo.: jeasta pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon gemmatum var. echinatum (Pers.) Fr., Lycoperdon hoylei Berk. & Broome, Utraria echinata (Pers.) Qul. - Habitat: old mountain Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies, south inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, warm and relatively dry place, in shade, under a Fagus sylvatica tree, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 1.025 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest ground, organic debris on soil, mostly Fagus sylvatica leaves and Picea abies needles. - Comments: It is generally easy to recognize members of the genus Lycoperdon, although some species of genus Handkea, Vascellum or Scleroderma may cause confusion. The shape of their fruit bodies is more or less pear like and kids know very well they expel 'smoke' if they touch mature fruit bodies. However, to determine them on species level is more difficult. For example: If substrate is buried in the ground Lycoperdon pyriforme (which grows on wood) can easily be confused by Lycoperdon perlatum (which grows on soil); an old already brownish Lycoperdon perlatum can appear quite similar to Lycoperdon molle. etc. Neither shape nor color or surface of sporocarps or other individual morphological traits are reliable. All these vary significantly during life span of sporocarps and growing conditions. Only after gathering experience based on several finds in different conditions it gradually becomes easier to recognize them. Lycoperdon echinatum is an exception in this regard. Its sometimes up to 5 mm long spines covering the surface of the fruit bodies and distinctly brown color almost from the beginning of their development make the determination easy. - Growing solitary, fruit body diameter 4.8 cm (spines included), stem-like base height 1.8 cm, diameter about 1.5 cm; spines up to 3 mm long, partly solitary and partly two to four fused at the top; SP and mature gleba brown-gray with slight purple-lilac tint, oac638 (but darker). - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 4,4 [4,9 ; 5] 5,5 x 4,3 [4,7 ; 4,9] 5,3 , Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 37; C = 95%, Me = 4,9 x 4,8 ; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Leg.: Jernej Trnkoczy (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1087. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 326. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 328. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 390. (7) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 142.
-
Slo.: jeasta pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon gemmatum var. echinatum (Pers.) Fr., Lycoperdon hoylei Berk. & Broome, Utraria echinata (Pers.) Qul. - Habitat: old mountain Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies, south inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, warm and relatively dry place, in shade, under a Fagus sylvatica tree, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 1.025 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest ground, organic debris on soil, mostly Fagus sylvatica leaves and Picea abies needles. - Comments: It is generally easy to recognize members of the genus Lycoperdon, although some species of genus Handkea, Vascellum or Scleroderma may cause confusion. The shape of their fruit bodies is more or less pear like and kids know very well they expel 'smoke' if they touch mature fruit bodies. However, to determine them on species level is more difficult. For example: If substrate is buried in the ground Lycoperdon pyriforme (which grows on wood) can easily be confused by Lycoperdon perlatum (which grows on soil); an old already brownish Lycoperdon perlatum can appear quite similar to Lycoperdon molle. etc. Neither shape nor color or surface of sporocarps or other individual morphological traits are reliable. All these vary significantly during life span of sporocarps and growing conditions. Only after gathering experience based on several finds in different conditions it gradually becomes easier to recognize them. Lycoperdon echinatum is an exception in this regard. Its sometimes up to 5 mm long spines covering the surface of the fruit bodies and distinctly brown color almost from the beginning of their development make the determination easy. - Growing solitary, fruit body diameter 4.8 cm (spines included), stem-like base height 1.8 cm, diameter about 1.5 cm; spines up to 3 mm long, partly solitary and partly two to four fused at the top; SP and mature gleba brown-gray with slight purple-lilac tint, oac638 (but darker). - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 4,4 [4,9 ; 5] 5,5 x 4,3 [4,7 ; 4,9] 5,3 , Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 37; C = 95%, Me = 4,9 x 4,8 ; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Leg.: Jernej Trnkoczy (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1087. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 326. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 328. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 390. (7) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 142.
-
Slo.: jeasta pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon gemmatum var. echinatum (Pers.) Fr., Lycoperdon hoylei Berk. & Broome, Utraria echinata (Pers.) Qul. - Habitat: old mountain Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies, south inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, warm and relatively dry place, in shade, under a Fagus sylvatica tree, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 1.025 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest ground, organic debris on soil, mostly Fagus sylvatica leaves and Picea abies needles. - Comments: It is generally easy to recognize members of the genus Lycoperdon, although some species of genus Handkea, Vascellum or Scleroderma may cause confusion. The shape of their fruit bodies is more or less pear like and kids know very well they expel 'smoke' if they touch mature fruit bodies. However, to determine them on species level is more difficult. For example: If substrate is buried in the ground Lycoperdon pyriforme (which grows on wood) can easily be confused by Lycoperdon perlatum (which grows on soil); an old already brownish Lycoperdon perlatum can appear quite similar to Lycoperdon molle. etc. Neither shape nor color or surface of sporocarps or other individual morphological traits are reliable. All these vary significantly during life span of sporocarps and growing conditions. Only after gathering experience based on several finds in different conditions it gradually becomes easier to recognize them. Lycoperdon echinatum is an exception in this regard. Its sometimes up to 5 mm long spines covering the surface of the fruit bodies and distinctly brown color almost from the beginning of their development make the determination easy. - Growing solitary, fruit body diameter 4.8 cm (spines included), stem-like base height 1.8 cm, diameter about 1.5 cm; spines up to 3 mm long, partly solitary and partly two to four fused at the top; SP and mature gleba brown-gray with slight purple-lilac tint, oac638 (but darker). - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 4,4 [4,9 ; 5] 5,5 x 4,3 [4,7 ; 4,9] 5,3 , Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 37; C = 95%, Me = 4,9 x 4,8 ; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Leg.: Jernej Trnkoczy (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1087. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 326. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 328. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 390. (7) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 142.
-
Slo.: rjava prasnica - Habitat: Abandoned grassland near mixed wood-side, partly shady, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperatures 7-9 deg C, altitude 650 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: humus ground among grasses
-
Slo.: rjava prasnica - Habitat: Abandoned grassland near mixed wood-side, partly shady, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperatures 7-9 deg C, altitude 650 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: humus ground among grasses
-
Slo.: rjava prasnica - Habitat: Abandoned grassland near mixed wood-side, partly shady, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperatures 7-9 deg C, altitude 650 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: humus ground among grasses
-
Slo.: rjava prasnica - Habitat: Abandoned grassland near mixed wood-side, partly shady, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperatures 7-9 deg C, altitude 650 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: humus ground among grasses
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
-
Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.