Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758), noto in tutto il mondo con il nome di bonefish, è un pesce osseo marino e d'acqua salmastra della famiglia Albulidae. Ha il nome commerciale di tarpone[4].
Descrizione
È un pesce affusolato con testa grande con muso allungato sulla cui parte inferiore si apre la bocca, piuttosto piccola. La pinna caudale è grande e profondamente forcuta, il peduncolo caudale è abbastanza sottile. Le pinne non presentano raggi spinosi ma solo molli: la pinna dorsale e la pinna anale sono brevi, l'anale è posta molto indietro, a ridosso del peduncolo caudale. Le pinne ventrali sono anch'esse inserite molto posteriormente, sotto la pinna dorsale; le pinne pettorali sono inserite in basso, in prossimità del profilo ventrale.
Il colore è argenteo con linee scure longitudinali simili a quelle del comune cefalo.
La taglia raggiunge il metro per 10 kg di peso.
Biologia
I giovani formano banchi numerosi, i grandi esemplari sono perlopiù solitari.
Riproduzione
Le larve sono leptocefali.
Alimentazione
Si ciba di organismi bentonici come crostacei, molluschi, vermi, ecc.
Distribuzione e habitat
Questa specie è diffusa solo nelle acque americane, sia sul lato dell'Oceano Pacifico (dalla California al Perù) che su quello atlantico (dagli USA meridionali al Brasile). È molto comune nel mar dei Caraibi e nel golfo del Messico.
Popola le acque costiere molto basse e vicine alla costa su fondi sabbiosi o fangosi, soprattutto in zone con debole idrodinamismo come golfi e baie. Essendo eurialino frequenta anche gli estuari.
Tassonomia
Sinonimi
-
Albula conorynchus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
-
Albula lacustris Walbaum, 1792
-
Albula parrae Valenciennes, 1847
-
Albula plumieri Bloch & Schneider, 1801
-
Albula rostrata Gray, 1854
-
Amia immaculata Bloch & Schneider, 1801
-
Butyrinus bananus Lacepède, 1803
-
Clupea brasiliensis Bloch & Schneider, 1801
-
Clupea macrocephala Lacepède, 1803
-
Engraulis bahiensis Spix, 1829
-
Engraulis sericus Spix, 1829
-
Esox vulpes Linnaeus, 1758
-
Esunculus costai Kaup, 1856
-
Glossodus forskalii Spix & Agassiz, 1829
Pesca
Le carni sono liscose e scadenti per cui non ha alcun interesse economico o alimentare. Ciò nonostante è insidiato massicciamente da pescatori sportivi che lo insidiano principalmente a mosca a causa della strenua difesa che oppone alla cattura.
Note
-
^ (EN) Adams, A., Guindon, K., Horodysky, A., MacDonald, T., McBride, R., Shenker, J. & Ward, R., Albula vulpes, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
-
^ https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/vulpes/ (Enciclopedia Treccani)
-
^ https://www.sapere.it/sapere/approfondimenti/animali/pesci/volpe-biancastra.html (Sapere by De Agostini)
-
^ (G.U. delle Comunità Europee L 222/29 del 17.8.2001 - Regolamento (CE) N. 1638/2001 della Commissione del 24 luglio 2001) e (G.U. dell'Unione Europea L 87/1 del 31.3.2009 - Regolamento (CE) N. 216/2009 del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio dell'11 marzo 2009)
Bibliografia
- Adams, A.J., Wolfe, R.K., Tringali, M.D., Wallace, E.M. and Kellison, G.T. 2008. Rethinking the status of Albula spp. biology in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic. In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and management of the world tarpon and bonefish fisheries, pp. 203-214. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
- Alexander, E.C. 1961. A contribution to the life history, biology, and geographical distribution of the bonefish, Albula vulpes (Linnaeus). Dana-Report 53: 1-51.
- Ault, J.S., Humston, R., Larkin, M.F., Perusquia, E., Farmer, N.A., Luo, Jiangang, Zurcher, N., Smith, S.G., Barbieri, L.R. and Posada, J.M. 2008. Population Dynamics and Resource Ecology of Atlantic Tarpon and Bonefish. In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and Management of the World Tarpon and Bonefish Fisheries, pp. 217-258. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.
- Bahamas Department of Fisheries. 1986. Bahamian Fisheries Regulations and Reports.
- Bahamas Environment, Science and Technology Commission (BEST). 2005. State of the Environment. Government of the Bahamas.
- Bowen, B.W., Karl, S.A. and Pfeiler, E. 2008. Resolving evolutionary lineages and taxonomy of bonefishes (Albula spp.). In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and Management of the World Tarpon and Bonefish Fisheries, pp. 147-154. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.
- Briggs, J.C. 1960. Fishes of worldwide (circumtropical) distribution. Copeia 1960: 171-180.
- Clark, S.A. and Danylchuk, A.J. 2003. Introduction to the Turks and Caicos Islands bonefish reserach project tagging program. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute 54: 396.
- Colborn, J., Crabtree, R.E., Shakee, J.B., Pfeiler, E. and Bowen, B.W. 2001. The evolutionary enigma of bonefishes (Albula spp.): crytic species and ancient separations in a globally-distributed shorefish. Evolution 55: 807-820.
- Colton, D.E. and Alevizon, W.S. 1983. Movement patterns of the bonefish (Albula vulpes) in Bahamian waters. Fishery Bulletin 81: 148.
- Cooke, S.J. and Philipp, D.P. 2004. Behavior and mortality of caught-and-released bonefish (Albula spp.) in Bahamian waters with implications for a sustainable recreational fishery. Biological Conservation 118: 599.
- Crabtree, R.E., Harnden, C.W., Snodgrass, D. and Stevens, C. 1996. Age, growth, and mortality of bonefish, Albula vulpes, from the waters of the Florida Keys. Fishery Bulletin 94: 442-451.
- Crabtree, R.E., Snodgrass, D. and Harnden, C.W. 1997. Maturation and reporductive seasonality in bonefish, Albula vulpes, from the waters of the Florida Keys. Fishery Bulletin 95(3): 456-465.
- Crabtree, R.E., Stevens, C., Snograss, D. and Stengard, F.J. 1998. Feeding habits of bonefish, Albula vulpes, from the waters of the Florida Keys. Fishery Bulletin 96: 754.
- Curtis, B. 2004. Not exactly fishing (alligator fishing). In: T.N. Davidson (ed.), Bonefishin B.S. and Other Good Fish Stories, pp. 167-171. Hudson Books, Ontario, Canada.
- Danylchuk, A.J. Cooke, S.J., Goldberg, T.L., Suski, C.D., Murchie, K.J., Danylchuk, S.E., Shultz, A.D., Haak, C.R., Brooks, E.J., Oronti, A., Koppelman, J.B., and Philipp, D.P. 2011. Aggregations and offshore movements as indicators of spawning activity of bonefish (Albula vulpes) in The Bahamas. Marine Biology 158: 1981-1999.
- Danylchuk, A.J., Danylchuk, S.E., Cooke, S.J., Goldberg, T.L., Koppelman, J. and Philipp, D.P. 2008. Ecology and management of bonefish (Albula spp.) in the Bahamian Archipelog. In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and Management of the World Tarpon and Bonefishes, pp. 79-92. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.
- Danylchuk, Aj.J., Danylchuk, S.E., Cooke, S.J., Goldberg, T.L., Koppelman, J. and Philipp, D.P. 2007. Post-release mortality of bonefish (Albula spp.) exposed to different handling practices in South Eluethera, Bahamas. Fisheries Management and Ecology 14: 149-159.
- Davidson, T. 2004. Bonefish B.S. and Other Good Fish Stories. Hudson Books, Toronto.
- Eschmeyer, W.N. 1998. Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA.
- Fedler, A.J. 2010. The economic impact of flats fishing in The Bahamas. Report to the Everglades Foundation.
- Fernandez, C. 2004. Fly-Fishing for Bonefish. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA.
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2005. Florida's Wildlife Legacy Initiative. Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. In: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (eds). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahasee, Florida, USA.
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2011. FWC enhances bonefish management. State of Florida Available at: Sito
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2007. The World's Mangroves 1980-2005. FAO Forestry Paper 153. FAO, Rome.
- Haley, V. 2009. Acoustic Telemetry Studies of Bonefish (Albula vulpes) Movement Around Andros Island, Bahamas: Implications for Species Management. Department of Biology, Florida International University.
- International Union for Conservation of Nature Standards and Petitions Working Group. 2008. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. In: Standards and Petitions Working Group of the IUCN SSC Biodiversity Assessments Sub-Committee (eds), Version 7. Internation Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland.
- IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2012.2). Sito.
- Kaufman, R. 2000. Bonefishing. Westeern Fisherman's Press, Mosse, WY.
- Layman, C.A. and Silliman, B.R. 2002. Preliminary Survey and Diet Analysis of Juvenile Fishes of an Estuarine Creek on Andros Island, Bahamas. Bulletin of Marine Science 70(1): 199-210.
- Layman, C.A., Arrington, D.A., Landerhans, R.B. and Silliman, B.R. 2004. Degree of fragmentation affects fish assemblage structure in Andros Island (Bahamas) estuaries. Caribbean Journal of Science 40(2): 232-244.
- Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp : page 313. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542.
- Mojica, R. Jr., Shenker, J.M. and Harnde, C.W. 1995. Recruitment of bonefish, Albula vulpes around Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. Fishery Bulletin 93(4): 666-675.
- Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J., Arias-Gonzalez, J.E., Lindeman, K.C., Blackwell, P.G., Gall, A., Gorczynska, M.I., Harborne, A.R., Pescod, C.L., Renken, H., Wabnitz, C.C.C. and Llewellyn, G. 2004. Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature 427: 533-536.
- Murchie, K.J., Cooke, S.J., Danylchuk, A.J., Danylchuk, S.E., Goldberg, T.L., Suski, C.D. and Philipp, C.D. 2011. Thermal biology of bonefish (Albula vulpes) in Bahamian coastal waters and tidal creeks: An integrated laboratory and field study. Journal of Thermal Biology 36: 38-48.
- Nero, V.L. and Sullivan-Sealey, K. 2005. Characterization of tropical near-shore fish communiteies by coastal habitat status on spatially complex island systems. Environmental Biology of Fishes 73: 437.
- Olsen, D.A. 1986. Fisheries assessment for the Turks and Caicos Islands. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
- Orth, R.J., Carruthers, T.J.B., Dennison, W.C., Duarte, C.M., Fourqurean, J.W., Heck, Jr., K.L, Hughes, A.R., Kendrick, G.A., Kenworthy, W.J., Olyarnik, S., Short, F.T., Waycott, M. and Williams, S.L. 2006. A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems. BioScience 56(12): 987-996.
- Pfeiler, E. 1996. Allozyme differences in Caribbean and Gulf of California populations of bonefishes (Albula). Copeia 2006: 181-183.
- Polidoro, B.A., Carpenter, K.E., Collins, L., Duke, N.C., Ellison, A.M., Ellison, J.C., Farnsworth, E.J., Fernando, E.S., Kathiresan, K., Koedam, N.E., Livingstone, S.R., Miyago, T., Moore, G.E., Ngoc Nam, V., Eong Ong, J., Primavera, J.H., Salmo, S.G., Sanciangco, J.C., Sukardjo, S., Wang, Y. and Hong Yong, J.W. 2010. The Loss of Species: Mangrove Extinction Risk and Geographic Areas of Global Concern. Public Library of Science One 5(4): 10.
- Posada, J.M., Debrot, D. and Weinberger, C. 2008. Aspects of the Biology and Recreational Rishery of Bonefish (Albula vulpes) from Los Roques Archipelago National Park, Venezuela. In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and Management of teh World Tarpon and Bonefish Fisheries, pp. 103-114. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.
- Pritchett, J.T. 2008. Tarpon and Bonefish Fishery on Turneffe Atoll, Belize. In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and Management of the World Tarpon and Bonefish Fisheries, pp. 99-102. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
- Rudd, M.A. 2003. Fisheries landings and trade of the Turks and Caicos Islands. University of British Columbia Fisheries Center Research Report 11: 149.
- Short, F.T., Polidoro, B., Livingston, S.R., Carpenter, K.E., Bandeira, S., Bujang, J.S., Calumpong, H.P., Carruthers, T.J.B., Coles, R.G., Dennison, W.C., Erftemeijer, P.L.A., Fortes, M.D., Freeman, A.S., Jagtap, T.G., Kamal, A.H.M., Kendrick, G.A., Kenworthy, W.J., Nafie, Y.A.L., Nasution, I.M., Orth, R.J., Prathep, A., Sanciango, J.C., van Tussenbroek, Vergara, S.G., Waycott, M., and Zieman, J.C. B., 2011. Extinction risk assessment of the world's seagrass species. Biological Conservation In Press.
- Snodgrass, D., Crabtree, R.E. and Serafy, J.E. 2010. Abundance growth, and diet of young-of-the-year bonefish (Albula spp.) off the Florida Keys, U.S.A. . Bulletin of Marine Science 82: 185-193.
- Turks and Caicos Islands Government. 1998. Fisheries Protection Ordinance.
- Valdez, L.V., Cedeno, L.C. and Zurcher, N. 2008. Coastal Ecosystem Management to Support Bonefish and Tarpon Sportfishing in Peninsula de Zapata National Park, Cuba. In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and Management of the World Tarpon and Bonefish Fisheries, pp. 93-98. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.
- Valiela, I., Bowen, J.L. and York, J.K. 2001. Mangrove forests: one of the World's threatened major tropical environments. BioScience 51(10): 807-815.
- Wallace, E.M. and Tringali, M.D. 2010. Identification of a novel member in the family Albulidae (bonefishes). Journal of Fish Biology 76: 1972-1983.
- Warmke, G.L. and Erdman, D.S. 1963. Records of marine mollusks eaten by bonefish in Puerto Rican waters. Nautilus 76: 115.
