dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

fornì da AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 26.1 years (captivity) Observations: One captive specimen lived 26.1 years old (Richard Weigl 2005).
licensa
cc-by-3.0
drit d'autor
Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
editor
de Magalhaes, J. P.
sit compagn
AnAge articles

Behavior ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Sensa tìtol ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Natural enemies include lions and African hunting dogs. Although elands are massive, they are excellent jumpers and can clear heights of 1.5 meters.

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Conservation Status ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Eland populations have declined or have been extirpated in many parts of their range, but overall are still relatively common. Overhunting has been one cause of the declining numbers.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Benefits ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

None

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Benefits ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Elands provide large amount of tender meat, as well as high-quality hides. There has been efforts to domesticate them for both their meat and their milk, which has much higher protein content and milkfat than the milk of cows. To date, only one of these domestication attempts has been successful.

Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

The diet of elands consist of grasses, herbs, tree leaves, bushes, and succulent fruits. They generally forage in open areas. Water is consumed voraciously when available, but elands can abstain from drinking in dry seasons.

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Habitat ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Elands live in both steppe and sparse forests. They are also found in semidesert areas and at elevations up to 14400 ft. During the heat of the day, they are often found in shaded areas.

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; scrub forest

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Life Expectancy ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Average lifespan
Sex: female
Status: captivity:
23.6 years.

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Morphology ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Eland males are much larger than females, weighing 400-1000 kg compared to 300-600 kg for females. Hides are a uniform fawn color with some vertical white striping on the upper parts. A dewlap, thought to be an adaptation for heat dissapation, hangs from the throat and neck. Heavy horns are twisted in a corkscrew fashion and grow up to 4 ft. long on males, 2.2 ft. long on females. A short mane occurs on the nape, and males have long hairs on the throat.

Range mass: 300 to 1000 kg.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average basal metabolic rate: 190.209 W.

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Distribution ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Confined to Africa from Ethiopia and southern Zaire to South Africa.

Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Reproduction ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Dominant males mate with multiple females. In some areas, there are distinct breeding seasons--in Zambia, for example, young are born in July and August. Gestation lasts from 8.5-9 months and only single young are born. Male young weigh between 28-35 kg, while female young weight between 23-31 kg. Small calves lie in concealment rather than remaining with their mothers. Weaning occurs after 6 months, and sexual maturity occurs at about 3 years. Maximum lifespan is 25 years. Young often associate in groups of their peers.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.

Average number of offspring: 1.02.

Range gestation period: 8.8 to 9.27 months.

Average gestation period: 9.1 months.

Average weaning age: 6 months.

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Average birth mass: 32000 g.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
571 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
589 days.

Parental Investment: altricial

licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Fahey, B. 1999. "Taurotragus oryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_oryx.html
autor
Bridget Fahey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors

The Common Eland (Taurotragus oryx) is one of the two species in the genus Taurotragus (the other being the Giant Eland, T. derbianus). Based largely on molecular and chromosomal studies (e.g., Fernández and Vrba 2005; Willows-Munro et al. 2005; Rubes et al. 2008), some authorities subsume the genus Taurotragus within Tragelaphus. The most striking feature of elands is their massive size, especially of the males.

Both male and female Common Elands have spiraled horns and a pendulous dewlap that begins at the throat (rather than under the chin, as in the Giant Eland), which in older males may hang like a curtain to below the knees. Males develop a dark crest of tufted hair on their foreheads. Historically, the Common Eland ranged widely across southern and East Africa, but it now occupies only around half of the historical range. Common Elands are associated with woodland and woodland-savannah, although they are relatively flexible in their habitat preferences. In the late 1990s, the total Common Eland population was estimated to be around 136,000. This species is now extinct in Burundi and declining in some parts of its range, but in general seems relatively stable. Around half the remaining individuals are in protected areas and perhaps another third on private ranches. Because of the value of the value of this animal to trophy hunters, poaching can be a significant problem in some areas, although habitat loss is currently the greatest threat. Semi-domesticated populations are (or have been) established in Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Russia, Ukraine, Great Britain, and the United States..

Despite their name, Giant Elands are actually generally smaller than Common Elands, but their horns are substantially larger (as are their ears).

Elands are widely hunted and this hunting pressure, in combination with habitat loss, has led to their diappearance from much of their former range, although Common Elands are still widely distributed and well represented in national parks and are even semi-domesticated as exotics in several countries.

(Kingdon 1997; Leslie 2011)

licensa
cc-by-3.0
drit d'autor
Leo Shapiro
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
EOL authors

Eland ( Afrikaans )

fornì da wikipedia AF

Die eland (Taurotragus oryx), ook Kaapse eland genoem, is 'n wildsbok wat op grasvlaktes in Oos- en Suider-Afrika aangetref word.

 src=

Die eland se skouerhoogte is ongeveer 2 m en hulle weeg van 300 tot 1 000 kg. Elandbulle is gewoonlik donkerbruin of grys, terwyl elandkoeie bruin of ligbruin is. Elande het dikwels ook 'n wit streep vertikaal oor die lyf aan albei kante. Beide die bul en koei het reguit horings wat ongeveer 65 cm lank kan wees. Die koei se horings is gewoonlik langer, maar dunner. 'n Enkele kalf word ná 'n draagtyd van nege maande gebore.

Elande vreet gras, takkies en blare. Hulle leef gewoonlik in troppe van 30 tot 80, maar groter troppe van by die 400 is al aangetref. Ten spyte van hul grootte, kan 'n eland maklik oor 'n heining van 1,5 m spring sonder 'n aanloop.

Elande kan hulself goed verdedig teen roofdiere en is selfs in staat om 'n leeu dood te maak. Dit is waarskynlik die rede waarom hulle deur die geskiedenis 'n mistieke of spirituele eienskap verkry het. Hulle is algemeen in rotskuns uitgebeeld, wat aandui dat hulle beskou is as diere met 'n sterk verbintenis tot 'n ander wêreld. Elandvet is vir die teken van rotskuns gebruik en ook om medisyne mee te maak.

Die vroeëre reisigers na die Kaap het geglo die eland en die eenhoring is verwant, waarskynlik omdat sommige reisigers aangeteken het dat eenhoring-elande in die Kaap voorkom. Daar is ook die geval van 'n horing in die McLeod-kasteel in Skotland wat as die horing van 'n eenhoring bewaar is, maar later geïdentifiseer is as die horing van 'n eland.

Sien ook

Verwysings

  1. Mallon, D.P. & Hoffmann, M. (2008). Tragelaphus oryx. 2008 IUBN Rooi Lys van bedreigde spesies. Internasionale Unie vir die Bewaring van die Natuur 2008. Verkry op 6 Februarie 2009.

Eksterne skakels

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia skrywers en redakteurs
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia AF

Eland: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

fornì da wikipedia AF

Die eland (Taurotragus oryx), ook Kaapse eland genoem, is 'n wildsbok wat op grasvlaktes in Oos- en Suider-Afrika aangetref word.

 src= Eland by Nasionale Etoshawildtuin, Namibië.  src= Elande wei in die De Hoop-natuurreservaat, Suid-Afrika.

Die eland se skouerhoogte is ongeveer 2 m en hulle weeg van 300 tot 1 000 kg. Elandbulle is gewoonlik donkerbruin of grys, terwyl elandkoeie bruin of ligbruin is. Elande het dikwels ook 'n wit streep vertikaal oor die lyf aan albei kante. Beide die bul en koei het reguit horings wat ongeveer 65 cm lank kan wees. Die koei se horings is gewoonlik langer, maar dunner. 'n Enkele kalf word ná 'n draagtyd van nege maande gebore.

Elande vreet gras, takkies en blare. Hulle leef gewoonlik in troppe van 30 tot 80, maar groter troppe van by die 400 is al aangetref. Ten spyte van hul grootte, kan 'n eland maklik oor 'n heining van 1,5 m spring sonder 'n aanloop.

Elande kan hulself goed verdedig teen roofdiere en is selfs in staat om 'n leeu dood te maak. Dit is waarskynlik die rede waarom hulle deur die geskiedenis 'n mistieke of spirituele eienskap verkry het. Hulle is algemeen in rotskuns uitgebeeld, wat aandui dat hulle beskou is as diere met 'n sterk verbintenis tot 'n ander wêreld. Elandvet is vir die teken van rotskuns gebruik en ook om medisyne mee te maak.

Die vroeëre reisigers na die Kaap het geglo die eland en die eenhoring is verwant, waarskynlik omdat sommige reisigers aangeteken het dat eenhoring-elande in die Kaap voorkom. Daar is ook die geval van 'n horing in die McLeod-kasteel in Skotland wat as die horing van 'n eenhoring bewaar is, maar later geïdentifiseer is as die horing van 'n eland.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia skrywers en redakteurs
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia AF

Antilopenn-eland ( Breton )

fornì da wikipedia BR

An antilopenn-eland (Taurotragus oryx pe Tragelaphus oryx) a zo un antilopenn hag a vev en Afrika.

 src=
Tiriad an antilopenn-eland
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia BR

Eland ( Catalan; Valensian )

fornì da wikipedia CA

L'eland (Taurotragus oryx) és el més gran dels antílops. El seu color és castany clar o grogenc amb algunes ratlles blanques transversals. Són característiques les banyes, dirigides cap amunt i enrere i amb forma helicoïdal, presents tant en els mascles com en les femelles, si bé aquestes acostumen a tenir-les més llargues i primes. Els mascles es diferencien també per una major grandària del reservori de greix que forma la papada que els hi penja del coll i la part anterior del pit.

Viuen a les zones estepàries de l'Àfrica central i meridional en ramats que es desplacen sota la direcció d'un o dos mascles a la recerca de pastura. L'herba constitueix la part fonamental de la seva dieta, si bé durant l'estació seca mengen també fulles, brots i arbusts.

Generalment els mascles més forts expulsen els altres i els obliguen a formar els seus propis grups quan arriba l'època de zel. Els naixements tenen lloc després d'uns nou mesos de gestació i, habitualment, cada femella pareix una sola cria.

Aquests grans bòvids han estat molt perseguits per aprofitar-ne tant la seva carn com el seu greix. Actualment, però, són criats en captivitat i com a animals domèstics han estat aclimatats amb èxit lluny del seu lloc d'origen, com per exemple a certes zones de l'antiga URSS, on des de finals del segle passat els exploten com a productors de carn i llet.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Eland Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia CA

Eland: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

fornì da wikipedia CA

L'eland (Taurotragus oryx) és el més gran dels antílops. El seu color és castany clar o grogenc amb algunes ratlles blanques transversals. Són característiques les banyes, dirigides cap amunt i enrere i amb forma helicoïdal, presents tant en els mascles com en les femelles, si bé aquestes acostumen a tenir-les més llargues i primes. Els mascles es diferencien també per una major grandària del reservori de greix que forma la papada que els hi penja del coll i la part anterior del pit.

Viuen a les zones estepàries de l'Àfrica central i meridional en ramats que es desplacen sota la direcció d'un o dos mascles a la recerca de pastura. L'herba constitueix la part fonamental de la seva dieta, si bé durant l'estació seca mengen també fulles, brots i arbusts.

Generalment els mascles més forts expulsen els altres i els obliguen a formar els seus propis grups quan arriba l'època de zel. Els naixements tenen lloc després d'uns nou mesos de gestació i, habitualment, cada femella pareix una sola cria.

Aquests grans bòvids han estat molt perseguits per aprofitar-ne tant la seva carn com el seu greix. Actualment, però, són criats en captivitat i com a animals domèstics han estat aclimatats amb èxit lluny del seu lloc d'origen, com per exemple a certes zones de l'antiga URSS, on des de finals del segle passat els exploten com a productors de carn i llet.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia CA

Antilopa losí ( Cech )

fornì da wikipedia CZ

Antilopa losí (Taurotragus oryx) je velký druh přežvýkavého kopytníka, obývající africké savany. Žije ve stádech, často s jinými druhy antilop a se zebrami a po příbuzné antilopě Derbyho je to největší žijící druh antilopy.

Popis

Taurotragus derbianus (D.A.K.).jpg
  • Hmotnost: 300-950 kg
  • Délka těla: 200-350 cm
  • Délka ocasu: 50-90 cm
  • Výška v kohoutku: 120-180 cm

Antilopa losí je velké a mohutné zvíře. Dospělí samci jsou až dvakrát tak velcí než samice a mohou vážit až jednu tunu. Na kohoutku mají tukový hrbol, typickým znakem je také velký krční lalok, který je u samců větší a výraznější.

Srst na těle je krátká, žlutohnědá, u samců až rezavohnědá nebo modravě šedá. Obě pohlaví mohou mít na bocích 2-15 příčných světlých pruhů. Samci mají na hlavě hustou hnědočernou čupřinu, obě pohlaví mají tmavou krátkou hřívu, která se táhne od krku, přes kohoutek až po kořen ocasu, ten je také zakončen tmavším, černohnědým střapcem.

Obě pohlaví mají dlouhé, rovné, šroubovité rohy, které jsou kolem 65 cm dlouhé, u samců jsou delší a mohutnější.

Rozšíření a stanoviště

Antilopa losí obývá stromové a křovinaté savany, světlé lesy, polopouště i horské oblasti až do výšky přes 4000 m n. m. v pásu přes Etiopii a jižní Kongo až do Jihoafrické republiky.

Eland002.jpg

Biologie

Antilopy losí žijí ve stádech, často do 25 kusů, v období dešťů se samice s telaty shromažďují do větších stád, v období sucha pak tvoří ještě početnější stáda, často smíšená s jinými druhy antilop a se zebrami. V jednom stádě může být více dospělých samců, ale nárok na páření se se samicemi má jen dominantní býk.

Staří samci jsou teritoriální, žijí samotářsky zpravidla na zalesněných místech, naproti tomu domovský okrsek samic je mnohem větší, stádo, vedené starou samicí, migruje za lepší pastvou po velkém území. Antilopy losí spásají vegetaci v travnatých i křovinatých oblastech, zpravidla se pasou v otevřené krajině. Hlavní potravu antilopy losí tvoří mladé větvičky a listí, pojídají také ovoce a šťavnaté cibulky, které vyhrabávají kopyty. V období sucha si vystačí s vodou, kterou přijmou spolu s potravou.

Antilopy losí jsou pohyblivé, rychlé antilopy, při útěku dokážou přeskočit i dvoumetrovou překážku. Při napadení predátorem, například lvem, se samice shluknou k obraně mláďat.

V období říje samci bojují o samice, přetlačují se rohy. Dominantní býk se páří s více kravami. Březost trvá 250-277 dní, pak se rodí jediné mládě. Novorozená mláďata nenásledují svou matku, ale leží v úkrytu, kam jej matka chodí kojit. Telata jsou odstavena v 6 měsících věku, pohlavní dospělost nastupuje po třech letech. Antilopa losí se může dožít až 25 let.

Antilopa losí se může křížit s domácím skotem, kříženci jsou však neplodní. Je tak domácímu skotu geneticky bližší než např. buvol africký. Antilopa losí se může křížit i s jinými druhy antilop, jako je kudu velký.

Domestikace

Antilopa losí je poměrně učenlivé zvíře, v zajetí je poměrně nenáročná, krotká a důvěřivá a proto byly učiněny pokusy o domestikaci tohoto druhu - antilopa losí poskytuje velké množství křehkého masa, velmi kvalitní kůži a její mléko má větší obsah bílkovin a mléčného tuku než mléko kravské.

V současnosti je možné chovat ji na farmách jako polodomestikované zvíře. V Česku se antilopy losí farmově chovají na Školním zemědělském podniku Lány České zemědělské univerzity v Praze.

Antilopa losí v českých zoo

Antilopu losí můžeme vidět také v některých českých zoologických zahradách: v ZOO Brno, ZOO Dvůr Králové nad Labem, ZOO Ostrava, ZOO Plzeň, ZOO Praha a v ZOO Hodonín a ZOO Dvorec

Reference


Externí odkazy

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia autoři a editory
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia CZ

Antilopa losí: Brief Summary ( Cech )

fornì da wikipedia CZ

Antilopa losí (Taurotragus oryx) je velký druh přežvýkavého kopytníka, obývající africké savany. Žije ve stádech, často s jinými druhy antilop a se zebrami a po příbuzné antilopě Derbyho je to největší žijící druh antilopy.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia autoři a editory
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia CZ

Elsdyrantilope ( Danèis )

fornì da wikipedia DA

Elsdyrantilope (Taurotragus oryx) eller eland er en antilope som lever i Afrika.

Egenskaber

Et særligt kendetegn for elsdyrantilopen er de lige, tæt spiralsnoede horn. Pelsen er gulbrun og bliver blågrå ved halsen og skuldrene hos de gamle dyr. Elsdyrantilopen er den næststørste nulevende antilope, kun lidt mindre end kæmpeelsdyrantilopen (Taurotragus derbianus). Den bliver i gennemsnit 1,6 meter i skulderhøjde og vejer 500-600 kg. Elsdyrantilopens mælk er meget fed og nærende.[1]

Noter

  1. ^ Pappas, LA; Elaine Anderson; Lui Marnelli; Virginia Hayssen (5. juli 2002). "Taurotragus oryx" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 689: 1-5. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2002)689<0001:TO>2.0.CO;2.


Stub
Denne artikel om dyr er kun påbegyndt. Hvis du ved mere om emnet, kan du hjælpe Wikipedia ved at udvide den.
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia-forfattere og redaktører
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia DA

Elsdyrantilope: Brief Summary ( Danèis )

fornì da wikipedia DA

Elsdyrantilope (Taurotragus oryx) eller eland er en antilope som lever i Afrika.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia-forfattere og redaktører
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia DA

Elenantilope ( Alman )

fornì da wikipedia DE

Die Elenantilope (Taurotragus oryx), auch Eland genannt, ist eine in Afrika lebende Antilope. Gemeinsam mit der Riesen-Elenantilope, die zwar nicht größer ist, aber längere Hörner hat, bildet sie die Gattung der Elenantilopen.

Merkmale

Charakteristisches Merkmal dieser Art sind die eng gedrehten, geraden Hörner, die bei beiden Geschlechtern vorhanden sind, die „Schulterbeule“ sowie die 2 bis 15 hellen Querstreifen auf dem Oberkörper. Das Haarkleid ist gelbbraun oder fahl und verfärbt sich bei älteren Tieren an Hals und Schultern blaugrau. Bei ausgewachsenen Männchen entwickeln sich eine Wamme sowie ein Haarbüschel an der Stirn.

Mit einem Gewicht zwischen 500 und 1000 Kilogramm und einer Körperlänge von zwei bis drei Metern ist sie die größte Antilopenart. Die Schulterhöhe beträgt im Schnitt 1,5 Meter. Damit ist die Elenantilope so groß wie ein Rind, macht aber einen schlankeren Eindruck.

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet der Elenantilope

Elenantilopen leben in den offenen Ebenen, trockenen Savannen sowie den bergigen Graslandschaften Ost-, Zentral- und Südafrikas.

Lebensweise

Obwohl sie in der Regel gemächliche Tiere sind, können Elenantilopen bis zu 70 Kilometer pro Stunde schnell laufen. Sie sind außerdem als sehr gute Springer bekannt. Während sie in der Tageshitze im Schutz eines Baums oder Gebüschs ruhen, werden sie zur Dämmerung aktiv. Sie sind Laubfresser, ernähren sich aber auch gelegentlich von Gras und graben mit den Vorderhufen Knollen und Wurzeln aus.

Die Herden bestehen im Schnitt aus 25 Tieren, können aber unter günstigen Bedingungen bis zu 700 Individuen umfassen. Die größten Herden scheinen aber nur zeitweise Zusammenschlüsse ohne feste Bindung zu sein. Normalerweise bestehen Herden aus einem ausgewachsenen Bullen sowie aus mehreren Kühen, jungen Männchen und Jungtieren. In seltenen Fällen kann eine Herde mehr als ein ausgewachsenes Männchen beinhalten; dann wird früh die Rangordnung ausgefochten. Dafür werden die Hörner gegeneinandergestoßen, was zu schweren Verletzungen führen kann.

Auf die hohen Temperaturen ihrer Umwelt sind sie perfekt eingestellt: Während der Trockenzeit steigt ihre Körpertemperatur um sieben Grad. Damit vermeiden sie einen durch Schwitzen verursachten Wasserverlust.

Menschen und Elenantilopen

Elenantilopen sind wahrscheinlich leicht zu domestizieren. Ihre Milch hat verglichen mit Kuhmilch den dreifachen Fett- und den doppelten Proteinanteil. Außerdem ließen sich Fleisch und Haut nutzen. Doch erst im ausgehenden 20. Jahrhundert wurden Domestikationsversuche unternommen, und bisher finden sie in bescheidenem Ausmaß statt. Da Elenantilopen gegenüber dem Menschen genügsam und nicht aggressiv auftreten, könnte den Versuchen aber letztlich Erfolg beschieden sein.

Die häufigste Interaktion zwischen Menschen und Elenantilopen ist allerdings die unkontrollierte Bejagung, durch die das Tier in weiten Gebieten seines Verbreitungsgebiets selten geworden ist. Am häufigsten sind Elenantilopen in der Serengeti, wo die Population schätzungsweise 7000 Tiere umfasst.

Gefährdungssituation

Die Elenantilope wird von der Weltnaturschutzunion IUCN in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten als Art Tragelaphus oryx geführt. Sie wird als nicht gefährdet (Least Concern) eingestuft.[1]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Tragelaphus oryx in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2012. Eingestellt von: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group, 2008. Abgerufen am 15. Februar 2013.
 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia DE

Elenantilope: Brief Summary ( Alman )

fornì da wikipedia DE

Die Elenantilope (Taurotragus oryx), auch Eland genannt, ist eine in Afrika lebende Antilope. Gemeinsam mit der Riesen-Elenantilope, die zwar nicht größer ist, aber längere Hörner hat, bildet sie die Gattung der Elenantilopen.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia DE

Common eland ( Scossèis )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages

The common eland (Taurotragus oryx), an aa kent as the soothren eland or eland antelope, is a savannah an plains antelope foond in East an Soothren Africae.

References

  1. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Tragelaphus oryx". IUCN Reid Leet o Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. Internaitional Union for Conservation o Naitur. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
  2. Grubb, P. (2005). "Order Artiodactyla". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 696–7. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors

Common eland: Brief Summary ( Scossèis )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages

The common eland (Taurotragus oryx), an aa kent as the soothren eland or eland antelope, is a savannah an plains antelope foond in East an Soothren Africae.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors

Еланд (антилопа) ( macédon )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
Распространетост на еландот
 src=
Мажјак

Еланд или обичен еланд, јужен еланд (науч. Taurotragus oryx) — саванско-низинска антилопа од семејството на шуплорогите (Bovidae) која живее во источна и јужна Африка. Прв ја опишал германско-рускиот биолог Петер Симон Палас во 1766 г. Возрасниот мажјак е висок околу 1,6 м (женките се за 20 см пониски) и може да тежи до 942 кг, но просечно 500–600 кг (340–445 кг за женки). Ова е втора по големина антилопа во светот, само малку помала од џиновскиот еланд (Taurotragus derbianus).[3]

Примероци на ова животно можат да се видат во Зоолошката градина во Скопје.[4]

Ова се претежно тревопасни животни и јадат треви и листови. Живеат во стада до 500 и повеќе единки, но не се територијални. Претпочита живеалишта со разновидни цветни растенија како саваните, кориите и отворени и планински тревести предели, а избегнува густи шуми.

Природно се среќаваат во Боцвана, Бурунди, ДР Конго, Етиопија, Кенија, Лесото, Малави, Мозамбик, Намибија, Руанда, ЈАР, Јужен Судан, Свазиленд, Танзанија, Уганда, Замбија и Зимбабве, а порано и во Бурунди и Ангола. Иако бројноста им се намалува, сепак го носат статусот „најмала загриженост“ (LC) доделен од Меѓународниот сојуз за заштита на природата (МСЗП/IUCN).

Изглед

И мажјаците и женките имаат прави, но завиени рогови, задебелени рамена и од две до петнаесет пруги на предниот дел од телото. Крзното им е жолтокафеаво, претежно бледо, а кај постарите единки станува сиво-сино на вратот и рамената. Мажјаците на вратот имаат виснати кожни набори и перче на челото. Тежат 500 до 1000 кг, а долги се 2 до 3 м. Kaj гребенот се високи околу 1,50 м. По обем на телото наликуваат на крава, но оставаат впечаток дека се потенки.

Поведение

И покрај тоа што еландот обично е лежерно животно, по потреба развиваат брзина до 70 км/ч. Покрај тоа, овие животни се познати и како многу добри скокачи. На дневната жештина одмораат во сенките на дрвјата или грмушките, а се активираат на квечерина. Се хранат со лисје, понекогаш со трева и со предните копита вадат кртоли и коренчиња од земја.

Просечното стадо се сотои од 25 единки, но при поволни услови, бројот на единки достигнува 700. Големите стада сепак се привремени групи без цврста врска. По правило, групите се состојат од возрасен мажјак и неколку женки, а воедно и млади мажјаци и младенчиња. Во ретки случаи групата може да има повеќе од еден возрасен мажјак. На ваквиот распоред му претходи задолжителна борба за превласт во хиерархијата. При бојот, мажјаците ги вркстуваат роговите и се обидуваат да го ранат противникот, што често доведува до значајни повреди.

Одлично се приспособени на високи температури. За време на суша, телесната температура им се покачува за 7 °C и благодарение на ова избегнуваат загуба на течности од потење.

Еландот и човекот

 src=
Постара единка со типична синкава боја

Еландот е животно што се припитомува. Млекото содржи трипати повеќе масти и белковини од кравјото. Покрај ова, се користи и месото и кожата. Меѓутоа, првите обиди за припитомување почнал кон крајот на XX век и досега се водат во скромни размери.

Поврзано

Наводи

  1. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). Tragelaphus oryx. Црвен список на загрозени видови на МСЗП. Верзија 2011.1. Меѓународен сојуз за заштита на природата. конс. 21 November 2011. (англиски)
  2. Предлошка:MSW3 Artiodactyla
  3. Pappas, LA; Elaine Anderson; Lui Marnelli; Virginia Hayssen (5 јули 2002 г). Taurotragus oryx (PDF). „Mammalian Species“ том 689: 1–5. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2002)689<0001:TO>2.0.CO;2. http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/689_Taurotragus_oryx.pdf.
  4. „Антилопа еланд“. Зоо Скопје. конс. 2 јуни 2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (помош)

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Автори и уредници на Википедија

Еланд (антилопа): Brief Summary ( macédon )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages
 src= Распространетост на еландот  src= Мажјак

Еланд или обичен еланд, јужен еланд (науч. Taurotragus oryx) — саванско-низинска антилопа од семејството на шуплорогите (Bovidae) која живее во источна и јужна Африка. Прв ја опишал германско-рускиот биолог Петер Симон Палас во 1766 г. Возрасниот мажјак е висок околу 1,6 м (женките се за 20 см пониски) и може да тежи до 942 кг, но просечно 500–600 кг (340–445 кг за женки). Ова е втора по големина антилопа во светот, само малку помала од џиновскиот еланд (Taurotragus derbianus).

Примероци на ова животно можат да се видат во Зоолошката градина во Скопје.

Ова се претежно тревопасни животни и јадат треви и листови. Живеат во стада до 500 и повеќе единки, но не се територијални. Претпочита живеалишта со разновидни цветни растенија како саваните, кориите и отворени и планински тревести предели, а избегнува густи шуми.

Природно се среќаваат во Боцвана, Бурунди, ДР Конго, Етиопија, Кенија, Лесото, Малави, Мозамбик, Намибија, Руанда, ЈАР, Јужен Судан, Свазиленд, Танзанија, Уганда, Замбија и Зимбабве, а порано и во Бурунди и Ангола. Иако бројноста им се намалува, сепак го носат статусот „најмала загриженост“ (LC) доделен од Меѓународниот сојуз за заштита на природата (МСЗП/IUCN).

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Автори и уредници на Википедија

Канна (букабугу) ( Kirghiz; Kyrgyz )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
Канна.
Taurotragus oryx distribution.png

Канна (букабугу) (лат. Taurotragus oryx) — ири бөкөндөрдүн бир түрү.

Колдонулган адабияттар

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia жазуучу жана редактор

ဆတ်နွား ( birman )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages

ဆတ်နွားကို အီလန်တောဆိတ်၊ အီလန်ဆိတ်သမင်၊ ရိုးရိုးအီလန်၊ တောင်ပိုင်းအီလန် စသည်ဖြင့်လည်း ခေါ်တွင်သေးသည်။ အာဖရိကတိုက်အရှေ့ပိုင်းနှင့် တောင်ပိုင်းရှိ လွင်ပြင် များနှင့် ဆာဗားနားမြက်ခင်းပြင်များတွင် ကျက်စားသော တောဆိတ် (အန်တီလုပ်) တစ်မျိုး ဖြစ်သည်။ ဘိုဗီဒေးမျိုးရင်းတွင် ပါဝင်သည်။[၁]

တောဆိတ် (အန်တီလုပ်)အများစုသည် ‌ကြောက်ရွံ့တတ်‌သော်လည်း ‌မြေကြီး မှ ပခုံးစွန်းအထိ ၆ ‌ပေမြင့်သည့် ဆတ်နွားမှာ မ‌ကြောက်ရွံ့‌ချေ။ ဆတ်နွားများသည် ရာနှင့်ချီ၍ အုပ်ဖွဲ့ကာ ကျက်စားကြသည်။ ဆတ်နွားသည် မြင့်လည်းမြင့်၊ အား လည်း‌ကောင်းသည်။ ဆတ်နွား၏ ‌သေးသွယ်၍ တွန့်လိမ်လျက်ရှိ‌သော ဦးချိုသည် ၂ ‌ပေခွဲရှည်၏။ မျက်စိနှစ်လုံး ကြား နဖူး‌ပေါ်၌ အ‌မွေးမည်းများစုလျက်ရှိသည်။ ထိုအ‌မွေးမည်းများသည် ဆတ်နွားအဖို၌သာရှိ၍ အမတွင်မရှိ‌ချေ။ အမ၏ ဦးချိုသည် အဖို၏ဦးချိုထက် ပို၍ ရှည်‌သော်လည်း အဖို၏ဦးချို‌လောက် မခိုင်ခံ့‌ချေ။

[၂]

ဆတ်နွားများကို အီသီယိုးပီးယားကင်ညာတောင်ဆူဒန်တန်ဇန်းနီးယားယူဂန်ဒါရဝမ်ဒါဘူရွန်ဒီကွန်ဂိုဒီမိုကရက်တစ်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံဘော့ဆွာနာလီဆိုသိုဆွာဇီလန်မာလဝီမိုဇမ်ဘစ်နမီးဘီးယားဇမ်ဘီယာဇင်ဘာဘွေတောင်အာဖရိကနိုင်ငံများတွင် တွေ့ရသည်။

ကိုးကား

  1. Pappas, LA; Elaine Anderson; Lui Marnelli; Virginia Hayssen (5 July 2002). "Taurotragus oryx" (PDF). Mammalian Species 689: 1–5. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2002)689<0001:TO>2.0.CO;2.
  2. မြန်မာ့စွယ်စုံကျမ်း အတွဲ (၅)
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားစာရေးသူများနှင့်အယ်ဒီတာများ

ဆတ်နွား: Brief Summary ( birman )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages

ဆတ်နွားကို အီလန်တောဆိတ်၊ အီလန်ဆိတ်သမင်၊ ရိုးရိုးအီလန်၊ တောင်ပိုင်းအီလန် စသည်ဖြင့်လည်း ခေါ်တွင်သေးသည်။ အာဖရိကတိုက်အရှေ့ပိုင်းနှင့် တောင်ပိုင်းရှိ လွင်ပြင် များနှင့် ဆာဗားနားမြက်ခင်းပြင်များတွင် ကျက်စားသော တောဆိတ် (အန်တီလုပ်) တစ်မျိုး ဖြစ်သည်။ ဘိုဗီဒေးမျိုးရင်းတွင် ပါဝင်သည်။

တောဆိတ် (အန်တီလုပ်)အများစုသည် ‌ကြောက်ရွံ့တတ်‌သော်လည်း ‌မြေကြီး မှ ပခုံးစွန်းအထိ ၆ ‌ပေမြင့်သည့် ဆတ်နွားမှာ မ‌ကြောက်ရွံ့‌ချေ။ ဆတ်နွားများသည် ရာနှင့်ချီ၍ အုပ်ဖွဲ့ကာ ကျက်စားကြသည်။ ဆတ်နွားသည် မြင့်လည်းမြင့်၊ အား လည်း‌ကောင်းသည်။ ဆတ်နွား၏ ‌သေးသွယ်၍ တွန့်လိမ်လျက်ရှိ‌သော ဦးချိုသည် ၂ ‌ပေခွဲရှည်၏။ မျက်စိနှစ်လုံး ကြား နဖူး‌ပေါ်၌ အ‌မွေးမည်းများစုလျက်ရှိသည်။ ထိုအ‌မွေးမည်းများသည် ဆတ်နွားအဖို၌သာရှိ၍ အမတွင်မရှိ‌ချေ။ အမ၏ ဦးချိုသည် အဖို၏ဦးချိုထက် ပို၍ ရှည်‌သော်လည်း အဖို၏ဦးချို‌လောက် မခိုင်ခံ့‌ချေ။

ဆတ်နွားများကို အီသီယိုးပီးယားကင်ညာတောင်ဆူဒန်တန်ဇန်းနီးယားယူဂန်ဒါရဝမ်ဒါဘူရွန်ဒီကွန်ဂိုဒီမိုကရက်တစ်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံဘော့ဆွာနာလီဆိုသိုဆွာဇီလန်မာလဝီမိုဇမ်ဘစ်နမီးဘီးယားဇမ်ဘီယာဇင်ဘာဘွေတောင်အာဖရိကနိုင်ငံများတွင် တွေ့ရသည်။

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားစာရေးသူများနှင့်အယ်ဒီတာများ

ወንደቢ ( Amàrich )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages

ወንደቢ ወይም ወደንቢ(Taurotragus oryx) አፍሪካ ውስጥ የሚገኝ አጥቢ እንስሳ ነው።

አንዳንዴ በስኅተት ሌላው የቶራ አስተኔ ወገን ከኢትዮጵያ ደቡብ የሚገኘው ቶራ ፈረስ ወገን (Connochaetes፣ በእንግሊዝኛ gnu ወይም wildebeest) «ወንደቢ» ተብሏል።

የእንስሳው ሳይንሳዊ ጸባይ

አስተዳደግ

በብዛት የሚገኝበት መልክዓ ምድር እና ብዛቱ

የእንስሳው ጥቅም

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
ዊኪፔዲያ ደራሲያን እና አርታኢዎች

ወንደቢ: Brief Summary ( Amàrich )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages

ወንደቢ ወይም ወደንቢ(Taurotragus oryx) አፍሪካ ውስጥ የሚገኝ አጥቢ እንስሳ ነው።

አንዳንዴ በስኅተት ሌላው የቶራ አስተኔ ወገን ከኢትዮጵያ ደቡብ የሚገኘው ቶራ ፈረስ ወገን (Connochaetes፣ በእንግሊዝኛ gnu ወይም wildebeest) «ወንደቢ» ተብሏል።

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
ዊኪፔዲያ ደራሲያን እና አርታኢዎች

Itamu ( kinyarwanda )

fornì da wikipedia emerging_languages
 src=
itamu (Taurotragus oryx)

Itamu (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Taurotragus oryx, Tragelaphus oryx )

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia abanditsi n'abanditsi

Mhofu ( shona )

fornì da wikipedia emerging_languages
Common eland mara.jpg

Mhofu (Eland in English) imhuka yemusango inowanikwa kuMabvazuva nekuChamhembe kweAfrica. Mumhuri yenhoro dzinowanikwa muAfrica, mhofu ndiyo mhuka huru. Matongo emhofu ndidzo nyika dzinoti: Botswana, Burundi, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, South Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia neZimbabwe. Rimwe zita remhofu rinonzi nhuka.

Tsika

Mhukarume izita remhuri rekuzvirumbidza rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.

Mhofu ndiyo mhuka inova mutupo wevayera shava, uye iyo ishava paruvara.

Mamwe Mazwi

  • Pfura kana bvura (loose skin under animal's chin) kureva ganda rakarembera pamutsipa wemhuka.

Mazwi eBantu

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia vanyori nevagadziri

Mhofu: Brief Summary ( shona )

fornì da wikipedia emerging_languages
Common eland mara.jpg

Mhofu (Eland in English) imhuka yemusango inowanikwa kuMabvazuva nekuChamhembe kweAfrica. Mumhuri yenhoro dzinowanikwa muAfrica, mhofu ndiyo mhuka huru. Matongo emhofu ndidzo nyika dzinoti: Botswana, Burundi, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, South Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia neZimbabwe. Rimwe zita remhofu rinonzi nhuka.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia vanyori nevagadziri

Common eland ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN

The common eland (Taurotragus oryx), also known as the southern eland or eland antelope, is a large-sized savannah and plains antelope found in East and Southern Africa. It is a species of the family Bovidae and genus Taurotragus. An adult male is around 1.6 m (5.2 ft) tall at the shoulder (females are 20 cm (7.9 in) shorter) and can weigh up to 942 kg (2,077 lb) with a typical range of 500–600 kg (1,100–1,300 lb), 340–445 kg (750–981 lb) for females). It is the second-largest antelope in the world, being slightly smaller on average than the giant eland.[3] It was scientifically described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1766.

Mainly a herbivore, its diet is primarily grasses and leaves. Common elands form herds of up to 500 animals, but are not territorial. The common eland prefers habitats with a wide variety of flowering plants such as savannah, woodlands, and open and montane grasslands; it avoids dense forests. It uses loud barks, visual and postural movements, and the flehmen response to communicate and warn others of danger. The common eland is used by humans for leather, meat, and milk, and has been domesticated in many areas. Eland milk contains more butterfat than cow's milk, and can keep longer without pasteurising.

It is native to Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, but is no longer present in Burundi. While the common eland's population is decreasing, it is classified as of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Etymology

The scientific name of the common eland is Taurotragus oryx, composed of three words: tauros, tragos, and oryx. Tauros is Greek for a bull or bullock, meaning the same as the Latin taurus.[4] Tragos is Greek for a male goat, referring to the tuft of hair that grows in the eland's ear and its resemblance to a goat's beard.[5] Oryx is Latin and Greek (genitive: orygos) for pickaxe, referring to the pointed horns of North African antelopes like the common eland and scimitar-horned oryx.[6]

The name "eland" is Dutch for "elk" or "moose".[7] It has a Baltic source similar to the Lithuanian élnis, which means "deer". It was borrowed earlier as ellan (French) in the 1610s or Elend (German).[8][9] When Dutch settlers came to the Cape of Good Hope, creating the Dutch Cape Colony, they named the animal after the large, herbivorous moose. In Dutch, the animal is called "eland antelope" to distinguish it from the moose, which is found in the northern boreal forests.[7]

Physical description

Common eland bull
Two common eland drinking at the Chudop waterhole at Etosha National Park in Namibia

Common elands are spiral-horned antelopes. They are sexually dimorphic, with females being smaller than the males.[10] Females weigh 300–600 kg (660–1,320 lb), measure 200–280 cm (79–110 in) from the snout to the base of the tail and stand 125–153 cm (49–60 in) at the shoulder. Bulls weigh 400–942 kg (882–2,077 lb),[11] are 240–345 cm (94–136 in) from the snout to the base of the tail and stand 150–183 cm (59–72 in) at the shoulder. The tail is 50–90 cm (20–35 in) long.[3] Male elands can weigh up to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb).[12]

Skeleton of common eland

Their coat differs geographically, with elands in northern part of their range having distinctive markings (torso stripes, markings on legs, dark garters and a spinal crest) that are absent in the south.[13] Apart from a rough mane, the coat is smooth. Females have a tan coat, while the coats of males are darker, with a bluish-grey tinge. Bulls may also have a series of vertical white stripes on their sides (mainly in parts of the Karoo in South Africa). As males age, their coat becomes more grey. Males also have dense fur on their foreheads and a large dewlap on their throats.[3]

Both sexes have horns with a steady spiral ridge (resembling that of the bushbuck). The horns are visible as small buds in newborns and grow rapidly during the first seven months.[14] The horns of males are thicker and shorter than those of females (males' horns are 43–66 cm (17–26 in) long and females' are 51–69 cm (20–27 in) long), and have a tighter spiral. Males use their horns during rutting season to wrestle and butt heads with rivals, while females use their horns to protect their young from predators.[3]

The common eland is the slowest antelope, with a peak speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) that tires them quickly. However, they can maintain a 22 km/h (14 mph) trot indefinitely. Elands are capable of jumping up to 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) from a standing start when startled[13] (up to 3 m (9.8 ft) for young elands).[3] The common eland's life expectancy is generally between 15 and 20 years; in captivity, some live up to 25 years.[3]

Eland herds are accompanied by a loud clicking sound that has been subject to considerable speculation. The weight of the animal may cause the two halves of its hooves to splay apart, and the clicking is the result of the hoof snapping together when the animal raises its leg.[15] The sound carries some distance from a herd, and may be a form of communication.[12]

Taxonomy

Giant eland

Common eland

Greater kudu

Mountain nyala

Bongo

Sitatunga

Cape bushbuck

Harnessed bushbuck

Lowland nyala

Lesser kudu

Phylogenetic relationships of the mountain nyala from combined analysis of all molecular data (Willows-Munro et.al. 2005)

The common eland was first described in 1766 by German zoologist and botanist Peter Simon Pallas. It belongs to the order Artiodactyla, family Bovidae, and subfamily Bovinae.[16] Common elands are sometimes considered part of the genus Tragelaphus on the basis of molecular phylogenetics, but are usually categorized as Taurotragus, along with the giant eland (T. derbianus).[3]

Subspecies

Three subspecies of common elands have been recognized, though their validity has been disputed.[1][2][3][10][14]

  • T. o. oryx (Pallas, 1766; Cape eland): also called alces, barbatus, canna and oreas. It is found in Southern and southwestern Africa. The fur is tawny and adults lose their stripes.
  • T. o. livingstonii (Sclater, 1864; Livingstone's eland): also called kaufmanni, niediecki, selousi and triangularis. It is found in the Central Zambezian miombo woodlands. Livingstone's eland has brown fur with up to 12 stripes.
  • T. o. pattersonianus (Lydekker, 1906; East African eland or Patterson's eland): also called billingae. It is found in East Africa, hence its common name. Like Livingstone's eland, its fur can also have up to 12 stripes.

Genetics and evolution

Male elands have 31 diploid chromosomes and females have 32. The male (Y) chromosome has been translocated to the short arm of an autosome.[3] Both the X chromosome and Y chromosome replicate late; they do not match well and are variable. The chromosomes resemble those of the greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros).[17]

Male elands and female greater kudus can produce a viable male hybrid, though whether it is sterile is unknown. An accidental crossing of an East African common eland (T. o. pattersonianus') with an East African kudu (T. s. bea) occurred in the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. This was believed to be due to the absence of male kudus in the herd. The hybrid produced was sterile. The study confirmed the chromosome numbers of both the eland and the kudu and the strangeness of their attached Y chromosomes. Matings of male elands with domestic (Bos primigenius) and zebu cows (Bos indicus) have also produced sterile hybrids.[18] Female elands have acted as surrogates for bongos.[3]

The Bovidae family ancestors of the common eland arose approximately 20 million years ago in Africa; fossils are found throughout Africa and France, but the best records are in sub-Saharan Africa. The first members of the tribe Tragelaphini appear six million years ago during the late Miocene. An extinct ancestor of the common eland (Taurotragus arkelli) appears in the Pleistocene in northern Tanzania and the first T. oryx fossil appears in the Holocene in Algeria.[3]

In 2010, a genetic study was made basing on the evolutionary history of common elands. Using material form East and Southern Africa, analysis of mitochondrial DNA control-region fragments from 122 individuals revealed information concerning the phylogeography, genetic diversity, and demographic history of the species. The conclusions supported the presence of a long-standing population in the southern Africa and a mosaic of Pleistocene refugia in eastern Africa. The similarity of dates obtained from other studies indicates a significant genetic event around 200 ka.[19]

Habitat and distribution

Common elands at Cape of Good Hope, South Africa

Common elands live on the open plains of Southern Africa and along the foothills of the great southern African plateau. The species extends north into Ethiopia and most arid zones of South Sudan, west into eastern Angola and Namibia, and south to South Africa. However, a low density of elands exists in Africa due to poaching and human settlement.

Elands prefer to live in semiarid areas that contain many shrub-like bushes, and often inhabit grasslands, woodlands, subdesert, bush, and mountaintops with altitudes of about 15,000 ft (4,600 m).[20] Elands do, however, avoid forests, swamps and deserts. The places inhabited by elands generally contain Acacia, Combretum, Commiphora, Diospyros, Grewia, Rhus, and Ziziphus trees and shrubs; some of these also serve as their food.

Eland can be found in many national parks and reserves today, including Nairobi National Park and Tsavo East National Park, Tsavo West National Park, Masai Mara National Reserve, (Kenya); Serengeti National Park, Ruaha National Park and Tarangire National Park, Ngorongoro Crater, (Tanzania); Kagera National Park (Rwanda); Nyika National Park (Malawi); Lake Mburo National Park (Uganda); Kidepo Valley National Park (Uganda); Luangwa Valley and Kafue National Park (Zambia); Hwange National Park, Matobo National Park, Tuli Safari Area and Chimanimani Eland Sanctuary (Zimbabwe); Kruger National Park, Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Giant's Castle and Suikerbosrand NR (South Africa).[21]

They live on home ranges that can be 200–400 km2 for females and juveniles and 50 km2 for males.[22][23]

Ecology and behavior

Common elands resting in herds

Common elands are nomadic and crepuscular. They eat in the morning and evening, rest in shade when hot, and remain in sunlight when cold. They are commonly found in herds numbering up to 500, with individual members remaining in the herd from several hours to several months. Juveniles and mothers tend to form larger herds, while males may separate into smaller groups or wander individually. During estrus, mainly in the rainy season, groups tend to form more regularly.[3] In Southern Africa, common elands will often associate with herds of zebras, roan antelopes and oryxes.[24]

Common elands communicate via gestures, vocalizations, scent cues, and display behaviors. The flehmen response also occurs, primarily in males in response to contact with female urine or genitals. Females urinate to indicate fertility during the appropriate phase of their estrous cycle, as well as to indicate their lack of fertility when harassed by males.[3] If eland bulls find any of their predators nearby, they bark and attempt to attract the attention of others by trotting back and forth until the entire herd is conscious of the danger.[24] Some of their main predators include lions, African wild dogs, cheetahs, and spotted hyenas. Eland calves are more vulnerable than adults to their predators.[3]

Diet

Elands are mainly grazers.

Common elands are herbivores that browse during drier winter, but have also adapted to grazing during the rainy season when grasses are more common and nutritious.[3] They require a high-protein diet of succulent leaves from flowering plants, but will consume lower-quality plant material if available, including forbs, trees, shrubs, grasses, seeds, and tubers.[3][20][23] Grasses that elands eat include Setaria and Themeda and fruits from Securinega and Strychnos. Large antelope can survive on lower-quality food in times of little rain.

Most of their water is obtained from their food, though they drink water when available.[3] As they quickly adjust to the surroundings due to seasonal changes and other causes, they change their feeding habits. They also use their horns to break off branches that are hard to reach.[25]

Thermoregulation

Common elands have several thermoregulatory adaptations to help them withstand the extreme temperatures of their environments. Using peripheral thermal receptors on the skin, elands can sense heat and increase or decrease evaporative cooling accordingly.[26] On sunnier days, common elands maintain a cooler skin temperature relative to their inner body temperature.[26] Elands achieve cooler skin temperatures by increasing cutaneous evaporation. This allows them to feel cooler, even though their internal body temperature stays relatively the same throughout the day. The eland can also conserve water by increasing its body temperature.[27] When temperatures rise above a certain threshold, an increase in sweating and panting is also observed.[26] Common elands use their sparse fur coats to dissipate excess heat via reradiation.[26] The dewlap is also believed to play a role in thermoregulation.[28] Due to its high surface area to volume ratio, it may allow for efficient thermoregulation in larger common elands with larger dewlaps.[28]

Sociability and reproduction

Two male elands fighting over dominance, Knowsley Safari Park

Females are sexually mature at 15 to 36 months and males at 4 to 5 years. Mating may occur anytime after reaching sexual maturity, but is mostly seen in the rainy season. In Zambia, young are born in July and August, while elsewhere this is the mating season.[20] Mating begins when elands gather to feed on lush, green plains with plentiful grass, and some males and females start mating with each other in separate pairs. Males chase the females to find out if they are in estrus. They also test the female's urine. Usually, a female chooses the most dominant and fit male to mate with. Sometimes, she runs away from males trying to mate, causing more attraction. This results in fights between males, in which their hard horns are used. A female allows a male to mount after two to four hours. Males usually keep close contact with females in the mating period.[23] The dominant male can mate with more than one female.[20] Females have a gestation period of nine months, and give birth to only one calf each time.[29]

Males, females, and juveniles each form separate social groups. The male groups are the smallest; the members stay together and search for food or water sources. The female group is much larger and covers greater areas.[20] They travel the grassy plains in wet periods and prefer bushy areas in dry periods. Females have a complex linear hierarchy. The nursery and juvenile group is naturally formed when females give birth to calves. After about 24 hours of the delivery, the mother and calf join this group. The calves start befriending each other and stay back in the nursery group, while the mother returns to the female group. The calves leave the nursery group when they are at least two years old and join a male or female group.[29]

Diseases and parasites

Common elands are resistant to trypanosomiasis, a protozoan infection that has the tsetse fly as a vector, but not to the Rhipicephalus-transmitted disease theileriosis. The disease-causing bacterium Theileria taurotragi has caused many eland deaths. Clostridium chauvoei, another bacterium, can be harmful, as well. Elands are also hosts to several kinds of ticks. In one study, an eland was found to be host to the Amblyomma species A. gemma and A. variegatum, and Rhipicephalus species R. decoloratus, R. appendiculatus, R. evertsi, R. pulchellus and R. pravus. Elands produce antibodies for Brucella bacteria, but none for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis or various types of pneumonia like contagious bovine pneumonia and contagious caprine pneumonia, normally infectious in cows or antelopes.[3]

Interaction with humans

Conservation

Common eland in a zoo in Kraków, Poland

Currently, common elands are not endangered. They are conserved by the United States Endangered Species Act, and regulated in international trade by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.[30] Using ground counts and aerial surveys, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) calculates the population density of the common eland to be between 0.05 and 1 per square kilometre with a total population estimate of 136,000.[31] Populations are considered stable or increasing in the countries of Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, Kenya and Tanzania.

The population is, however, gradually decreasing due to habitat loss, caused by expanding human settlements and poaching for its superior meat.[32] As they are docile and inactive most of the time, they can easily be killed.[33] The species became extinct in Eswatini[2] and Zimbabwe,[23] but has been reintroduced.

The IUCN states that about half of the estimated total population lives in protected areas and 30% on private land. Protected areas that support major populations include Omo (Ethiopia), Serengeti, Katavi, Ruaha, and Selous-Kilombero (Tanzania), Kafue and North Luangwa (Zambia), Nyika (Malawi), Etosha (Namibia), Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (Botswana/South Africa) and Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park (South Africa).[1] Most of these populations appear to be stable. Relatively large numbers of common elands now live on private land, particularly in Namibia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, reflecting its value as a trophy animal. Common elands have also been widely domesticated in Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Kenya, as well as in Russia and Ukraine.[34][35]

Uses

A common eland being skinned for its leather.
Tame elands
Coat of arms of Grootfontein, Namibia

The common eland is sometimes farmed and hunted for its meat, and in some cases can be better used than cattle because it is more suited to African climates. This has led to some Southern African farmers switching from cattle to eland. Common elands are also pictured as supporters in the coat of arms of Grootfontein, Namibia.

Husbandry

Common elands have a mild temperament and have been successfully domesticated for meat and milk production in South Africa and Russia.[25] Their need for water is quite low because they produce urine with a high urea content, but they require a substantial grazing area, along with salt licks and large amounts of supplementary feed such as maize, sorghum, melons, and beans, which can be expensive. A female can produce up to 7 kg (15 lb) of milk per day that is richer in milkfat than cow milk. The pleasant-tasting milk has a butterfat content of 11-17% and can be stored for up to eight months if properly prepared, versus several days for cow milk.[3]

Housing common elands is difficult due to their ability to jump over fences as high as 3 m (9.8 ft) or simply break through using their substantial mass. Sometimes, wild elands break through enclosures to mix with domesticated ones. Common elands can reproduce in captivity, but calf survival is low and the young may need to be separated from their mothers to ensure health and adequate feeding.[3] Husbandry requires care because the generally placid animals startle easily and require large amounts of space.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Tragelaphus oryx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2011.old-form url
  2. ^ a b c Grubb, P. (2005). "Order Artiodactyla". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 696–7. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Pappas, LA; Elaine Anderson; Lui Marnelli; Virginia Hayssen (5 July 2002). "Taurotragus oryx" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 689: 1–5. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2002)689<0001:TO>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198968884. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 December 2011.
  4. ^ "Taurus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Merriam-Webster.
  5. ^ Harper, Douglas. "Tragos". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  6. ^ Harper, Douglas. "Oryx". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  7. ^ a b "Common Eland". Tititudorancea.com. 14 October 2010. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  8. ^ "Eland". Oxford University Press. Oxford Dictionaries.
  9. ^ "Eland". Encyclopædia Britannica. Merriam-Webster.
  10. ^ a b c Harris, H (April 30, 2010). "Husbandry Guidelines For The Common Eland" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 17, 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  11. ^ Kingdon, J (1997). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11692-1.
  12. ^ a b "Animal Bytes – Common Eland". Seaworld.org. Archived from the original on 2012-06-19. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
  13. ^ a b Estes, RD (1999). "Bushbuck Tribe". The Safari Companion: A Guide to Watching African Mammals, Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, and Primates. Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 154. ISBN 978-0-9583223-3-1.
  14. ^ a b Skinner, JD; Chimimba, CT (2005). "Ruminantia". The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 637–9. ISBN 978-0-521-84418-5.
  15. ^ Carnaby T (2008). Beat About the Bush: Mammals. Jacana Media. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-77009-240-2.
  16. ^ "Common eland: Taxonomy". Museumstuff.com. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  17. ^ Groves, CP; Grubb P (2011). "Artiodactyla". Ungulate Taxonomy. Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-4214-0093-8.
  18. ^ Jorge, W.; Butler, S.; Benirschke, K. (1 January 1976). "Studies on a male eland x kudu hybrid". Reproduction. 46 (1): 13–16. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0460013. PMID 944778.
  19. ^ Lorenzen, Eline D.; Masembe, Charles; Arctander, Peter; Siegismund, Hans R. (1 March 2010). "A long-standing Pleistocene refugium in southern Africa and a mosaic of refugia in East Africa: insights from mtDNA and the common eland antelope". Journal of Biogeography. 37 (3): 571–581. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02207.x. S2CID 85986567.
  20. ^ a b c d e "Taurotragus Oryx:Information". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Animal Diversity Web.
  21. ^ "Wild Animals of Africa-Common eland". Wackywildlifewonders.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  22. ^ Eline D. Lorezen, Eline D.; Charles Masembe; Peter Arctander; Hans R. Siegismund (2010). "A long‐standing Pleistocene refugium in southern Africa and a mosaic of refugia in East Africa: insights from mtDNA and the common eland antelope". Journal of Biogeography. 37 (3): 571–581. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02207.x. S2CID 85986567.
  23. ^ a b c d "The Living Africa: Wildlife – Bovid Family – Common Eland". Library.thinkquest.org. Archived from the original on 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
  24. ^ a b Burton, RM (2002). "Eland". International wildlife encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 757–9. ISBN 978-0-7614-7266-7.
  25. ^ a b Rafferty, John P., ed. (2010). "Elands, Antelopes". Grazers (1st ed.). New York, NY: Britannica Educational Pub. pp. 77–8. ISBN 978-1-61530-465-3.
  26. ^ a b c d Finch, Va (1972-06-01). "Thermoregulation and heat balance of the East African eland and hartebeest". American Journal of Physiology. Legacy Content. 222 (6): 1374–1379. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.222.6.1374. ISSN 0002-9513. PMID 5030193.
  27. ^ Taylor, Cr (1969-07-01). "Metabolism, respiratory changes, and water balance of an antelope, the eland". American Journal of Physiology. Legacy Content. 217 (1): 317–320. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.1.317. ISSN 0002-9513. PMID 5785895.
  28. ^ a b Bro-Jørgensen, Jakob (December 2016). "Evolution of the ungulate dewlap: thermoregulation rather than sexual selection or predator deterrence?". Frontiers in Zoology. 13 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0165-x. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 4949748. PMID 27437025.
  29. ^ a b "Taurotragus oryx (Common eland)-Ontogeny and Reproduction". Ultimateungulate.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  30. ^ Dolly, Stephanie L.; Stephen Shurter. "Common Eland" (PDF).
  31. ^ "Population of common elands". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 5 January 2011.old-form url
  32. ^ East, compiled by R. (1990). "Common Eland (Tragelaphus oryx)" (PDF). West and Central Africa. Gland: IUCN. p. 131. ISBN 978-2-8317-0016-8.
  33. ^ "Ecology and conservation of the eland". Seaworld.org. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  34. ^ "Conservation status (least concern)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 5 January 2011.old-form url
  35. ^ East, Rod, ed. (1999). "Common Eland (Conservation status)". African antelope database 1998. Gland, Switzerland: The IUCN Species Survival Commission. p. 139. ISBN 978-2-8317-0477-7.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EN

Common eland: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN

The common eland (Taurotragus oryx), also known as the southern eland or eland antelope, is a large-sized savannah and plains antelope found in East and Southern Africa. It is a species of the family Bovidae and genus Taurotragus. An adult male is around 1.6 m (5.2 ft) tall at the shoulder (females are 20 cm (7.9 in) shorter) and can weigh up to 942 kg (2,077 lb) with a typical range of 500–600 kg (1,100–1,300 lb), 340–445 kg (750–981 lb) for females). It is the second-largest antelope in the world, being slightly smaller on average than the giant eland. It was scientifically described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1766.

Mainly a herbivore, its diet is primarily grasses and leaves. Common elands form herds of up to 500 animals, but are not territorial. The common eland prefers habitats with a wide variety of flowering plants such as savannah, woodlands, and open and montane grasslands; it avoids dense forests. It uses loud barks, visual and postural movements, and the flehmen response to communicate and warn others of danger. The common eland is used by humans for leather, meat, and milk, and has been domesticated in many areas. Eland milk contains more butterfat than cow's milk, and can keep longer without pasteurising.

It is native to Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, but is no longer present in Burundi. While the common eland's population is decreasing, it is classified as of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EN

Elando ( Esperant )

fornì da wikipedia EO
Disambig-dark.svg Tiu ĉi artikolo temas pri la antilopa specio elando. Ankaŭ ekzistas historia provinco de Svedio nomata Elando, svede Öland.

La Elando (Taurotragus oryx) estas la plej granda Antilopo, kun pezo inter 300 kg kaj unu tuno. Ĝi vivas en Suda Afriko.

Oni trovas tiun afrotropisan specion i.a. en jenaj ekoregionoj : la angolaj mopanearoj, la angol-eskarpaj savano kaj duonarbaroj, la centra-zambezaj mjombaroj, la drakensbergaj montaraj herbejoj, duonarbaroj kaj arbaroj kaj la zambezaj inunditaj herbejoj.

Vidu ankaŭ

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Vikipedio aŭtoroj kaj redaktantoj
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EO

Elando: Brief Summary ( Esperant )

fornì da wikipedia EO

La Elando (Taurotragus oryx) estas la plej granda Antilopo, kun pezo inter 300 kg kaj unu tuno. Ĝi vivas en Suda Afriko.

Oni trovas tiun afrotropisan specion i.a. en jenaj ekoregionoj : la angolaj mopanearoj, la angol-eskarpaj savano kaj duonarbaroj, la centra-zambezaj mjombaroj, la drakensbergaj montaraj herbejoj, duonarbaroj kaj arbaroj kaj la zambezaj inunditaj herbejoj.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Vikipedio aŭtoroj kaj redaktantoj
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EO

Taurotragus oryx ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da wikipedia ES

El antílope eland común, eland común o alce de El Cabo (Taurotragus oryx) es una especie de mamífero artiodáctilo de la familia Bovidae.[2]​ Es una de las dos especies de antílopes africanos que, junto con Taurotragus derbianus, componen el género Taurotragus. De gran tamaño y con gran parecido a los bóvidos. Posee una gran papada en el cuello, que contribuye a disipar el calor. Como el camello, para evitar la deshidratación y la pérdida de líquidos cuando las temperaturas son muy altas, puede aumentar la temperatura corporal para impedir la sudoración.

 src=
Eland común.

Descripción

Rondan 14 dm al hombro o grupa, y la hembra pesa de 275 kg a 500 kg, mientras el macho lleva a 700 a 800 kg. La hembra es algo más de la mitad de peso del macho adulto, dependiendo del área. Posee cuernos retorcidos, en espiral, terminados en una afilada punta. Los machos alcanzan la tonelada. Su docilidad permite su cría que aporta leche, carne y piel.

Subespecies

Se reconocen las siguientes subespecies:[2]

Referencias

  1. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). «Taurotragus oryx». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2010.4 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 17 de noviembre de 2010.
  2. a b Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World (en inglés) (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia ES

Taurotragus oryx: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da wikipedia ES

El antílope eland común, eland común o alce de El Cabo (Taurotragus oryx) es una especie de mamífero artiodáctilo de la familia Bovidae.​ Es una de las dos especies de antílopes africanos que, junto con Taurotragus derbianus, componen el género Taurotragus. De gran tamaño y con gran parecido a los bóvidos. Posee una gran papada en el cuello, que contribuye a disipar el calor. Como el camello, para evitar la deshidratación y la pérdida de líquidos cuando las temperaturas son muy altas, puede aumentar la temperatura corporal para impedir la sudoración.

 src= Eland común.
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia ES

Kanna ( Éston )

fornì da wikipedia ET
Disambig gray.svg See artikkel räägib loomaliigist; loomaperekonna kohta vaata artiklit Kanna (perekond); teiste tähenduste kohta vaata lehekülge Kanna (täpsustus)
 src=
Kannad joomas

Kanna (ladina keeles Taurotragus oryx) on Ida- ja Lõuna-Aafrika savannides ja tasandikel elutsev antiloop, kes kuulub veislaste sugukonda kanna perekonda.

Esimesena kirjeldas kannat Peter Simon Pallas 1766. aastal. Täiskasvanud isaslooma õlakõrgus on umbes 1,6 meetrit (emased on 20 cm madalamad) ja kaal keskmiselt 500–600 kg (emastel 340–445 kg). See on maailmas suuruselt teine antiloop, veidi väiksem kui hiidkanna.[1]

Kannad on taimetoidulised, nad söövad peamiselt rohtu ja lehti. Looduses moodustavad nad kuni 500-liikmelisi karju, kuid ei ole territoriaalsed. Kannad eelistavad elupaiku, kus on mitmekesine õistaimestik, nagu savannid, põõsastikud ja mägised rohumaad; nad väldivad tihedaid metsi. Kommunikatsiooniks ja hoiatuseks kasutavad kannad valju haukumist, visuaalseid märke ja poose, samuti hammaste paljastamist. Mitmel pool on neid kodustatud, koduloomana peetavailt kannadelt saadakse nahka ja rammusat piima.

Looduslikult elavad kannad Botswanas, Kongo Demokraatlikus Vabariigis, Etioopias, Keenias, Lesothos, Malawis, Mosambiigis, Namiibias, Rwandas, Lõuna-Aafrika Vabariigis, Lõuna-Sudaanis, Svaasimaal, Tansaanias, Ugandas, Sambias ja Zimbabwes. Burundis ja Angolas on nad välja surnud. Aafrika kannapopulatsioon väheneb, kuid IUCN on liigitanud kannad soodsas seisundis liikide hulka.

Viited

  1. Pappas, LA; Elaine Anderson, Lui Marnelli, Virginia Hayssen (5. juuli 2002). "Taurotragus oryx" (pdf). Mammalian Species 689: 1–5. Cite uses deprecated parameters (juhend)
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Vikipeedia autorid ja toimetajad
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia ET

Kanna: Brief Summary ( Éston )

fornì da wikipedia ET
 src= Kannad joomas

Kanna (ladina keeles Taurotragus oryx) on Ida- ja Lõuna-Aafrika savannides ja tasandikel elutsev antiloop, kes kuulub veislaste sugukonda kanna perekonda.

Esimesena kirjeldas kannat Peter Simon Pallas 1766. aastal. Täiskasvanud isaslooma õlakõrgus on umbes 1,6 meetrit (emased on 20 cm madalamad) ja kaal keskmiselt 500–600 kg (emastel 340–445 kg). See on maailmas suuruselt teine antiloop, veidi väiksem kui hiidkanna.

Kannad on taimetoidulised, nad söövad peamiselt rohtu ja lehti. Looduses moodustavad nad kuni 500-liikmelisi karju, kuid ei ole territoriaalsed. Kannad eelistavad elupaiku, kus on mitmekesine õistaimestik, nagu savannid, põõsastikud ja mägised rohumaad; nad väldivad tihedaid metsi. Kommunikatsiooniks ja hoiatuseks kasutavad kannad valju haukumist, visuaalseid märke ja poose, samuti hammaste paljastamist. Mitmel pool on neid kodustatud, koduloomana peetavailt kannadelt saadakse nahka ja rammusat piima.

Looduslikult elavad kannad Botswanas, Kongo Demokraatlikus Vabariigis, Etioopias, Keenias, Lesothos, Malawis, Mosambiigis, Namiibias, Rwandas, Lõuna-Aafrika Vabariigis, Lõuna-Sudaanis, Svaasimaal, Tansaanias, Ugandas, Sambias ja Zimbabwes. Burundis ja Angolas on nad välja surnud. Aafrika kannapopulatsioon väheneb, kuid IUCN on liigitanud kannad soodsas seisundis liikide hulka.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Vikipeedia autorid ja toimetajad
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia ET

Afrikar altze ( Basch )

fornì da wikipedia EU

Afrikar altze (Taurotragus oryx) Taurotragus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Bovinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Afrikar altzeak hiru azpiespezie ditu:

  • Taurotragus oryx oryx
  • Taurotragus oryx livingstonei
  • Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus

Erreferentziak

  1. Pallas (1766) Misc. Zool. 9. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EU

Afrikar altze: Brief Summary ( Basch )

fornì da wikipedia EU

Afrikar altze (Taurotragus oryx) Taurotragus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Bovinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Afrikar altzeak hiru azpiespezie ditu:

Taurotragus oryx oryx Taurotragus oryx livingstonei Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EU

Hirviantilooppi ( Finlandèis )

fornì da wikipedia FI

Hirviantilooppi (Taurotragus oryx) on Afrikassa elävä suurikokoinen nautaeläinlaji.

Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan ehdotus lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on "elandi".[2]

Ulkonäkö ja koko

Hirviantilooppi on ruumiinmuodoltaan raskasrakenteinen muistuttaen hieman härkää. Hirviantilooppiuros voi painaa 400-1000 kiloa, ja sen säkäkorkeus on 150-180 cm. Naaras jää 300-600-kiloiseksi, ja säkäkorkeus on 120-150 cm. Naaras on selvemmin ruskea, uros harmahtavampi ja tummempi.

Sarvet voivat olla metrin mittaiset ja ne ovat sekä uroksella että naaraalla. Lajille on tyypillistä myös lyhyt harjas niskassa ja tyhjää pussukkaa muistuttava tupsu kaulassa. Hirviantiloopin häntä on noin puoli metriä ja sen päässä on tumma tupsu.[3]

Hirviantiloopit voivat synnyttää soinnikkaita naksauksia polviensa avulla.[4]

Levinneisyys

Hirviantilooppeja tavataan Afrikassa, Etiopiasta ja Zairen eteläosista Etelä-Afrikkaan ulottuvalla alueella. Se elää sekä ruohosavannilla että harvan metsän peittämällä savannilla.[5]

Elinympäristö

Hirviantilooppi elää tavallisesti laumassa tasankoalueella, mutta toisinaan niitä esiintyy myös aavikoiden reunoilla ja metsissä.[3]

Lisääntyminen

Ensimmäinen parittelu naarashirviantiloopilla tapahtuu noin 15 kuukauden iässä ja sen raskausaika on 8,5-9 kuukautta. Synnytys tapahtuu usein sadekautena ja jälkeläisiä tulee vain yksi kerrallaan.[3]

Lähteet

  1. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group: Tragelaphus oryx IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 28.7.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunta: Maailman nisäkkäiden suomenkieliset nimet (vahvistamaton ehdotus nisäkkäiden nimiksi) luomus.fi. 2008. Viitattu 13.11.2010.
  3. a b c Suuri eläintieto: Eläinten kiehtova maailma 2 (H), s. 120. Weilin+Göös, 1990. ISBN 951-35-5128-8.
  4. Hirviantilooppi viettelee polvia naksauttelemalla Helsingin Sanomat 2008 (myös suomenkielisen nimen viite)
  5. Animal Diversity Web
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia FI

Hirviantilooppi: Brief Summary ( Finlandèis )

fornì da wikipedia FI

Hirviantilooppi (Taurotragus oryx) on Afrikassa elävä suurikokoinen nautaeläinlaji.

Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan ehdotus lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on "elandi".

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia FI

Éland ( Fransèis )

fornì da wikipedia FR

Taurotragus oryx

L'Éland (Taurotragus oryx), également appelé éland du Cap pour le différencier de l'éland de Derby (Taurotragus derbianus), est une espèce de ruminants de la famille des Bovidés. L'éland du Cap est une des plus grandes antilopes d'Afrique.

Morphologie

 src=
Éland mâle, reconnaissable à son pelage gris.

Les mâles mesurent de 2,80 à 3,80 mètres de longueur pour une hauteur de 1,50 jusqu'à 1,80 mètre à l'épaule (1,65 m en moyenne et 3 m avec les cornes) et un poids de 400 à 800 kg selon les individus (600 kg en moyenne et le record est de 950 kg). Les femelles mesurent 2,00 à 2,80 mètres de longueur pour une hauteur de 1,25 à 1,50 mètre (1,40 m en moyenne) au garrot et un poids variant entre 200 et 450 kg (300 kg en moyenne) selon les individus. La queue mesure de 50 à 90 cm. Les individus des deux sexes portent des cornes droites torsadées, plus fines et plus longues chez la femelle ; jusqu'à 70 cm. Le mâle possède un pelage plus gris que celui de la femelle, qui est beige. Par contre, tous deux présentent des stries sur les flancs. Le mâle présente un fanon gulaire sous la gorge. Doté d'excellents sens de l'ouïe et de l'odorat, l'antilope sacrifie la netteté de sa vision binoculaire pour un champ visuel plus large.

Habitat et alimentation

 src=
Distribution de l'éland en Afrique

Versatile, il se trouve dans une grande variété d'habitats, surtout dans les savanes et les forêts clairsemées mais aussi dans le désert. Il mange de l'herbe, des branches et des feuilles, des fruits, des bulbes, des racines. Il consomme avidement l'eau lorsqu'elle est disponible, il est aussi capable de s'en priver des mois durant. Son métabolisme particulier est bien adapté à la vie dans des conditions arides.

L'éland est un animal diurne mais qui tend à être presque inactif durant la période la plus chaude de la journée. Les troupeaux sont souvent constitués de 20 à 70 individus, protégés par un mâle dominant, mais sont connus pour atteindre jusqu'à 400 bêtes. Ils se mêlent parfois à d'autres animaux tels que les zèbres, les girafes, les autruches et d'autres antilopes tels les gnous, les impalas, les gazelles et les bubales.

Comportement et reproduction

Le mâle dominant peut faire entendre un bruit, le « dic-doc » grâce à l'articulation de son genou. Il aurait pour rôle de rappeler à l'ordre les jeunes mâles s'approchant trop près des femelles[1].

Une femelle a un seul petit par portée et par an, après un peu plus de 9 mois de gestation (280 jours)[2]. Le mâle adulte surveille et défend le troupeau de femelles et de jeunes, contre les autres mâles célibataires et contre les prédateurs.

Prédateurs

Les lions et les hyènes tachetées peuvent s'attaquer aux adultes alors que les lycaons et le léopard chassent plutôt les jeunes (adolescents et nouveau-nés). Mais l'animal détient la réputation de se servir allègrement de ses cornes comme arme défensive dès que le besoin s'en fait sentir, ces antilopes ont une technique de défense particulière contre les prédateurs, en faisant face à l'adversaire tout en gardant les petits au centre du cercle protecteur, comme le font les buffles avec leurs petits. Malgré leur apparence, les élands sont des antilopes très agiles, surtout les individus élancés qui ont une masse peu élevée, peuvent courir très vite, jusqu'à 70 km/h et aussi faire des bonds à plus de 2 mètres en hauteur. Les gros individus restent également rapides (50 km/h) et agiles, même s'ils n’atteignent pas les records de vitesse de leur espèce.

Domestication et élevage

L'éland du Cap fait l'objet de recherches afin de réussir pleinement sa domestication. Le parc zoologique d'Ascania-Nova en Ukraine, entre autres, étudie son amélioration. La réussite de son élevage à très grande échelle permettrait d'offrir une nouvelle espèce particulièrement bien adaptée au climat et aux maladies endémiques du continent africain, sa viande étant de bonne qualité et son lait abondant. L'éland du Cap est cependant domestiqué avec succès par certains éleveurs sud-africains[3]. Antilope très commune dans les parcs zoologiques, souvent présentée en semi-liberté (dans le cadre d'une plaine africaine) avec d'autres espèces africaines, elle s'élève assez facilement.

Longévité

L'espérance de vie d'un individu est de 15 à 20 ans dans la nature, contre 25 en captivité.

Statut

Abondante, sa population est stable, estimée à 136 000 individus[4]. Il n'est pas menacé d'extinction et n'a pas de statut particulier de protection. En revanche, la chasse intensive pour sa chair, sa peau, ses cornes et la perte d'habitat sont responsables d'un déclin des populations de ces grandes antilopes.

Photographies

Notes et références

  1. Source : panneau « Élan du Cap » du zoo de Lille
  2. L'élan du Cap, sur masaigallery.com
  3. L'élan du Cap, sur planetesauvage.com
  4. Liste Rouge

Voir aussi

Article connexe

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia FR

Éland: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

fornì da wikipedia FR

Taurotragus oryx

L'Éland (Taurotragus oryx), également appelé éland du Cap pour le différencier de l'éland de Derby (Taurotragus derbianus), est une espèce de ruminants de la famille des Bovidés. L'éland du Cap est une des plus grandes antilopes d'Afrique.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia FR

Eland antilopa ( Croat )

fornì da wikipedia hr Croatian

Eland antilopa (lat. Taurotragus oryx) - vrsta antilope iz roda Taurotragus.

Živi u savanama i ravnicama u istočnoj i južnoj Africi. Peter Simon Pallas prvi put je opisao vrstu 1766. godine.

Odrasli mužjak prosječno je visok oko 1,6 metara u ramenima, a ženke su oko 20 cm niže. Mužjaci prosječno teže 500-600 kilograma, a ženke 340-445 kilograma. To je druga najveća antilopa u svijetu, poslije vrste Taurotragus derbianus.[1]

Uglavnom su biljojedi, hrane se prvenstveno travom i lišćem. Grupiraju se u stada do 500 životinja, ali nisu vezani za teritorij. Preferiraju staništa poput savana, šuma te otvorenih i gorskih travnjaka. Izbjegavaju guste šume. Glasaju se slično lajanju. Komuniciraju i govorom tijela. Korisna je ljudima, zbog hranjivog mlijeka i upotrebljive kože pa se negdje i uzgaja.

Brojnost se smanjuje, ali još uvijek nije ugrožena.

Izvori

  1. www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/689_Taurotragus_oryx.pdf Preuzeto 16. siječnja 2013.
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autori i urednici Wikipedije

Eland antilopa: Brief Summary ( Croat )

fornì da wikipedia hr Croatian

Eland antilopa (lat. Taurotragus oryx) - vrsta antilope iz roda Taurotragus.

Živi u savanama i ravnicama u istočnoj i južnoj Africi. Peter Simon Pallas prvi put je opisao vrstu 1766. godine.

Odrasli mužjak prosječno je visok oko 1,6 metara u ramenima, a ženke su oko 20 cm niže. Mužjaci prosječno teže 500-600 kilograma, a ženke 340-445 kilograma. To je druga najveća antilopa u svijetu, poslije vrste Taurotragus derbianus.

Uglavnom su biljojedi, hrane se prvenstveno travom i lišćem. Grupiraju se u stada do 500 životinja, ali nisu vezani za teritorij. Preferiraju staništa poput savana, šuma te otvorenih i gorskih travnjaka. Izbjegavaju guste šume. Glasaju se slično lajanju. Komuniciraju i govorom tijela. Korisna je ljudima, zbog hranjivog mlijeka i upotrebljive kože pa se negdje i uzgaja.

Brojnost se smanjuje, ali još uvijek nije ugrožena.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autori i urednici Wikipedije

Taurotragus oryx ( Italian )

fornì da wikipedia IT

L'antilope alcina o eland comune (Taurotragus oryx Pallas, 1766) è un'antilope che abita le savane e le pianure dell'Africa orientale e meridionale.

Descrizione

 src=
Eland in Sudafrica

L'antilope alcina può raggiungere la lunghezza del corpo di 200–340 cm e una coda di 50–75 cm e un'altezza al garrese di 130–180 cm e pesare dai 300 kg alla tonnellata. Mentre il manto delle femmine è bruno, quello dei maschi è più scuro, tendente al grigio-bluastro; alcuni esemplari possono avere una striscia bianca verticale su entrambi i lati del dorso. I maschi hanno un folto ciuffo di pelo sulla fronte e una larga giogaia. Le corna, lunghe circa 65 cm e quasi completamente dritte, sono presenti in entrambi i sessi. Le corna delle femmine sono più lunghe ma anche più esili.

Biologia

La dieta dell'antilope alcina si compone in prevalenza di erba, rami, foglie e cortecce. Si tratta di animali diurni che, tuttavia, tendono all'inattività nelle ore più calde della giornata. I branchi sono composti solitamente da 30-80 individui ma possono arrivare a contarne sino a 400.

La maturità sessuale viene raggiunta per le femmine tra i 15 ed i 36 mesi, più tardivamente per i maschi (4-5 anni). La gestazione dura 9 mesi; ogni femmina dà alla luce un solo cucciolo, che viene allattato sino al sesto mese circa.

L'aspettativa di vita media è di circa 25 anni.

Tassonomia

Alcuni esperti ritengono che l'antilope alcina sia una specie appartenente al genere Tragelaphus, anche se, solitamente, è ascritta al genere Taurotragus insieme all'eland gigante.

Distribuzione

È diffuso nella savane dell'Africa orientale e meridionale a sud del Sahara.

Bibliografia

 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia IT

Taurotragus oryx: Brief Summary ( Italian )

fornì da wikipedia IT

L'antilope alcina o eland comune (Taurotragus oryx Pallas, 1766) è un'antilope che abita le savane e le pianure dell'Africa orientale e meridionale.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia IT

Kana (žinduolis) ( lituan )

fornì da wikipedia LT
Disambig.svg Kitos reikšmės – Kana (reikšmės).
Binomas Taurotragus oryx

Kana (lot. Taurotragus oryx, angl. Common Eland, vok. Elenantilope) – jaučių (Bovinae) pošeimio dykaraginis žinduolis. Stambi antilopė.

Kūno aukštis iki 175 cm, patinų masė iki 900 kg. Kūnas masyvus, storos kojos, pakaklėje plati odos nuokara. Ant sprando, keteros, pakaklėje ir ant uodegos galo plaukai ilgesni. Abiejų lyčių individai raguoti. Ragai glaustai susisukę apie savo ašį, tiesūs. Patinų ragai gali būti iki 1 m ilgio, vidutiniškai jie būna 73 cm.

Gyvena sausose Afrikos savanose į pietus nuo Sacharos. Laikosi nedideliais būriais, neretai kartu su zebrais ir arklinėmis antilopėmis. Migracijos metu susirenka į didesnius būrius. Minta žoliniais augalais, krūmų lapais, vaisiais. Kasdien lanko girdyklas. Nėštumas trunka apie 9 mėnesius, gimsta 1 jauniklis. Gyvena iki 20 metų.

Gana gausi antilopė, medžiojama. Buvo bandyta domestikuoti Ukrainoje.

Šaltiniai

  • Baleišis, R. Pasaulio kanopiniai žvėrys. Vilnius: Vilniaus Ekologijos institutas, 2009. 72 psl. ISBN 9986-443-36-9.


Vikiteka

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Vikipedijos autoriai ir redaktoriai
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia LT

Kana (žinduolis): Brief Summary ( lituan )

fornì da wikipedia LT

Kana (lot. Taurotragus oryx, angl. Common Eland, vok. Elenantilope) – jaučių (Bovinae) pošeimio dykaraginis žinduolis. Stambi antilopė.

Kūno aukštis iki 175 cm, patinų masė iki 900 kg. Kūnas masyvus, storos kojos, pakaklėje plati odos nuokara. Ant sprando, keteros, pakaklėje ir ant uodegos galo plaukai ilgesni. Abiejų lyčių individai raguoti. Ragai glaustai susisukę apie savo ašį, tiesūs. Patinų ragai gali būti iki 1 m ilgio, vidutiniškai jie būna 73 cm.

Gyvena sausose Afrikos savanose į pietus nuo Sacharos. Laikosi nedideliais būriais, neretai kartu su zebrais ir arklinėmis antilopėmis. Migracijos metu susirenka į didesnius būrius. Minta žoliniais augalais, krūmų lapais, vaisiais. Kasdien lanko girdyklas. Nėštumas trunka apie 9 mėnesius, gimsta 1 jauniklis. Gyvena iki 20 metų.

Gana gausi antilopė, medžiojama. Buvo bandyta domestikuoti Ukrainoje.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Vikipedijos autoriai ir redaktoriai
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia LT

Elandantilope ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

De elandantilope (Taurotragus oryx) is een grote Afrikaanse antilope. Samen met de reuzenelandantilope vormt hij het geslacht Taurotragus, dat soms als een ondergeslacht van Tragelaphus wordt beschouwd.

Elandantilopen leefden oorspronkelijk op de open en licht beboste savannen, die zich vroeger uitstrekten van de Kaap, noordwaarts tot de rand van het Kongogebied, de Nijl en de drogere streken van Noord-Kenia. Tegenwoordig is hun leefgebied meer versnipperd.

Ze leven voornamelijk van bladeren, vruchten en zaden, die ze van struiken en kleine bomen plukken, kruiden en grassen, en knollen en bollen, die ze met de hoeven opgraven.

Gedrag

De vrouwtjes zijn kuddedieren: vrouwtjes leven samen met hun jongen en de jongen uit de vorige worp in een kudde. Volwassen mannetjes leven meestal solitair en houden zich meer op in bebost gebied. Soms trekken mannetjes (voornamelijk jonge) met elkaar op, in groepen tot zo'n zeven dieren. Aan het begin van het regenseizoen sluiten de kudden zich aan bij grotere kudden, bestaande uit enkele honderden elandantilopen, die van de bossavannes naar de meer open vlakten trekken. Deze vallen weer uit elkaar aan het begin van het droge seizoen.

De kalveren vormen de kern van een groep, en trekken voornamelijk met elkaar op. Op deze manier kunnen wel 50 kalveren met elkaar optrekken in een groep. In deze groepen wordt de hiërarchie bepaald. Bij gevaar (bijvoorbeeld leeuwen) verdedigen de vrouwtjes gezamenlijk de kalveren. Kalveren worden geboren na een draagtijd van negen maanden. De meeste jongen worden geboren aan het einde van het droge seizoen. De elandantilope kan tot 25 jaar oud worden.

Elandantilopen kunnen snelheden bereiken tot 70 kilometer per uur en tot 3 meter hoog springen. Ze kunnen in het regenseizoen vele kilometers afleggen, en het woongebied kan wel 500 hectare beslaan.

Beschrijving

De elandantilope is een zeer grote antilope. Enkel de reuzenelandantilope wordt groter. De antilope heeft een korte, licht geelbruine vacht. Over de rug loopt een zwarte aalstreep en korte manen. Over de romp lopen tot 15 dunne, roomkleurige strepen. De hoorns zijn spiraalvormig gedraaid en door beide geslachten gedragen. Ook hebben beide geslachten een halskwab. De staart is lang, zo'n 50 tot 90 centimeter, met een zwarte kwast aan het uiteinde. De oren zijn vrij smal en klein. De snuit en bek is smal, vergeleken met runderen.

 src=
De elandantilope

Mannetjes worden groter dan de vrouwtjes en hebben langere hoorns, tot 120 centimeter. Op het hoofd hebben ze een kruinknot, een donkerbruine haarklit. Het mannetje wordt 240 tot 345 centimeter lang, 135 tot 178 centimeter hoog en 400 tot 942 kilogram zwaar. Oudere mannetjes zijn zwaarder, met een grotere halskwab en een grijze nek en schouders. De hoorns van het vrouwtje worden slechts 60 centimeter lang. Het vrouwtje wordt 200 tot 280 centimeter lang, 125 tot 160 centimeter hoog en 300 tot 600 kilogram zwaar.

Tamme elandantilopen

Elandantilopen zijn makkelijk te temmen, en in sommige delen van Afrika worden ze gehouden voor de melk en het vlees.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia NL

Elandantilope: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

De elandantilope (Taurotragus oryx) is een grote Afrikaanse antilope. Samen met de reuzenelandantilope vormt hij het geslacht Taurotragus, dat soms als een ondergeslacht van Tragelaphus wordt beschouwd.

Elandantilopen leefden oorspronkelijk op de open en licht beboste savannen, die zich vroeger uitstrekten van de Kaap, noordwaarts tot de rand van het Kongogebied, de Nijl en de drogere streken van Noord-Kenia. Tegenwoordig is hun leefgebied meer versnipperd.

Ze leven voornamelijk van bladeren, vruchten en zaden, die ze van struiken en kleine bomen plukken, kruiden en grassen, en knollen en bollen, die ze met de hoeven opgraven.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia NL

Elgantilope ( norvegèis )

fornì da wikipedia NN

Elgantilope (Taurotragus oryx) er ein stor antilopeart som lever i sørlege og austlege Afrika. Han er noko mindre enn den største antilopearten, kjempeelgantilope. Elgantilopa er også kjend som «eland», eit namn som tyder 'elg' på nederlandsk.

 src=
Ung elgantilope.

Skildring

Elgantiloper har ei skulderhøgd på 130-180 cm.[1] Hanndyra er større enn hoene. Gjennomsnittleg skulderhøgd for ein hann er rundt 1,6 meter, medan hoene er rundt 20 cm lågare. Vekta til ein vaksen hann er i gjennomsnitt 500–600 kg, medan ho er 340–445 kg for hoer.[2]

Dyra har glatt pels men ein stri man. Pelsfargen er lysebrun eller besj, medan eldre hannar kan vera meir grålege eller blålege på farge. Begge kjønn har svakt bøygde horn som snor seg to gonger. Hoene har lengre og tynnare horn enn hannen, med ei lengd på opptil 68 cm. Hannane har horn på opptil 65 cm.[1]

 src=
Elgantilokpeflokk i Sør-Afrika.

Levevis

Elgantilopa er planteetar og drøvtyggjar. Ho lever av gras og lauv i opne skoglandskap og på på dei halvtørre savannane i Sør-Afrika, Namibia, Zimbabwe og tilstøytande land lengre nord. Akasietre er mykje skatta av antilopa, men ho kan leva på mange ulike plantar.[3] Dyra held seg unna ørken, tett skog og sumpområde.[4]

Antilopa kan nå ein fart på 70 km/t.[1] Som regel spring ho i 40 km/t, og kan halda denne farten i lang tid. Ho toler ein temperaturauke i kroppen på heile 7° C under fart.[3] Ho kan hoppa over hinder på opptil 1,5 meter.[1]

Levealderen til elgantiloper er vanlegvis 15-20 år, men dei kan bli opptil 25 år. Fostertida er 9 månader og det blir fødd ein enkelt kalv om gongen.[1] Fødslar kan skje til alle årstider. Kalvane diar i eit halvt år før dei dannar ungdyrgrupper.[1]

Dyra er svært selskapelege. Vaksne hoer held til i flokkar på nokre titals til fleire hundre dyr, medan yngre hannar lever isolert i smågrupper på 3-4 dyr. Eldre hannar lever åleine. Med jamne mellomrom går hannane saman med hoene i eit par timar til fleire veker.

Dei viktigaste rovdyra som tek elgantilope er løve, leopard, flekkhyene og afrikansk villhund.[1] Ved rovdyråtak vil dei vaksne dyra gå saman og forsvara kalvane, noko som er svært uvanleg blant antiloper.[3]

 src=
Holemåleri av elgantiloper laga av sanfolk i Drakensberge i Sør-Afrika.
 src=
Utbreiinga av elgantilope i Afrika.

Elgantilope og menneske

Menneske har lenge jakta på elgantilope for kjøt og hud. I nyare tid har ein også byrja halda han som husdyr i Sør-Afrika, Zimbabwe, England, Ukraina og Russland.[4] Dei veks raskare enn kyr og har høgare feitt- og proteininnhald i mjølka.[3] Dyra er generelt rolege og treng lite vatn, men treng derimot ofte kosttilskot, store beiteområde og høge, solide gjerde.[5]

Den ville bestanden av elgantilope er framleis stor (ca 136 000 individ), men viser tilbakegang. Press på leveområda frå folkevekst og krig har ført til at utbreiingsområdet til dyret er meir enn halvert. I dag lever rundt halvparten av ville elgantiloper i naturvernområde, medan litt under ein tredel lever på privateigd mark.[4]

Kjelder

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Brent Huffman, Taurotragus oryx Ultimateungulate.
  2. Pappas, LA; Elaine Anderson; Lui Marnelli; Virginia Hayssen (5. juli 2002), «Taurotragus oryx» (pdf), Mammalian Species 689: 1–5. Oppgjeven av Engelsk Wikipedia.
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Elandantilopen, Borås djurpark
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 Antelope Specialist Group 2008, Taurotragus oryxIUCN si raudliste, vitja 4. januar 2013.
  5. Harris, H (April 30, 2010). «Husbandry Guidelines For The Common Eland» (PDF). Henta 14. april 2012.. Oppgjeven av Engelsk Wikipedia.

Bakgrunnsstoff

Commons-logo.svg Commons har multimedia som gjeld: Elgantilope
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia NN

Elgantilope: Brief Summary ( norvegèis )

fornì da wikipedia NN

Elgantilope (Taurotragus oryx) er ein stor antilopeart som lever i sørlege og austlege Afrika. Han er noko mindre enn den største antilopearten, kjempeelgantilope. Elgantilopa er også kjend som «eland», eit namn som tyder 'elg' på nederlandsk.

 src= Ung elgantilope.
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia NN

Eland ( norvegèis )

fornì da wikipedia NO
Question book-new.svg
Denne artikkelen mangler kildehenvisninger, og opplysningene i den kan dermed være vanskelige å verifisere. Kildeløst materiale kan bli fjernet. Helt uten kilder. (10. okt. 2015)

Eland (Taurotragus oryx) er verdens største antilopeart, utbredt på savannene i det sørlige Afrika. Tilhører gruppa okser (Bovidae).

Elanden er planteeter og drøvtygger, den lever av gress og busker i åpent skogslandskap og på de halvtørre savannene i Sør-Afrika, Namibia og tilstøtende land lengre nord. Akasie er en skattet vekst for elanden. Dyrene holder seg unna ørken, skog og sumpområder. Den kan bli to meter høy og veier 600-900 kg.

Svangerskapstiden er 9 måneder og en enkelt kalv fødes til alle årstider. Voksne hunner holder til i store flokker med ulikt antall dyr, yngre hanner lever isolert i små flokker på 3-4 dyr, og eldre hanner lever alene. Regelmessig tilbringer hannene noen timer eller opptil et par uker i flokken av hunner. Levealderen er 15-20 år.

Eksterne lenker

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia forfattere og redaktører
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia NO

Eland: Brief Summary ( norvegèis )

fornì da wikipedia NO

Eland (Taurotragus oryx) er verdens største antilopeart, utbredt på savannene i det sørlige Afrika. Tilhører gruppa okser (Bovidae).

Elanden er planteeter og drøvtygger, den lever av gress og busker i åpent skogslandskap og på de halvtørre savannene i Sør-Afrika, Namibia og tilstøtende land lengre nord. Akasie er en skattet vekst for elanden. Dyrene holder seg unna ørken, skog og sumpområder. Den kan bli to meter høy og veier 600-900 kg.

Svangerskapstiden er 9 måneder og en enkelt kalv fødes til alle årstider. Voksne hunner holder til i store flokker med ulikt antall dyr, yngre hanner lever isolert i små flokker på 3-4 dyr, og eldre hanner lever alene. Regelmessig tilbringer hannene noen timer eller opptil et par uker i flokken av hunner. Levealderen er 15-20 år.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia forfattere og redaktører
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia NO

Eland ( polonèis )

fornì da wikipedia POL
 src= Ten artykuł dotyczy zwierzęcia. Zobacz też: inne znaczenia tego słowa. Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Eland (Taurotragus oryx) – największa współczesna antylopa z rodziny krętorogich nazywana też kanną. Zamieszkuje głównie rezerwaty w Afryce na południe od Sahary. Nie jest zagrożony wyginięciem.

Taksonomia

Po raz pierwszy gatunek opisał Peter Simon Pallas w 1766[3]. Opisano 3 podgatunki: Tragelaphus o. livingstonii (Sclater, 1864), Tragelaphus o. oryx (Pallas, 1766) oraz Tragelaphus o. pattersonianus (Lydekker, 1906), jednak ich odrębność jest kwestionowana[2][4].

Morfologia

Ciało elanda jest pokryte krótką sierścią o kolorze od ciemnego, szarobrązowego po czerwonobrązowy[5]. Niekiedy po bokach ciała występują cienkie, pionowe białe pasy. Samce zazwyczaj są ciemniejsze, z szarym lub niebieskawym nalotem na sierści, na ich czołach występuje charakterystyczne skupisko ciemnych włosów. Widoczne jest u nich zwisające podgardle z kępkami czarnych włosów. Rogi występują u elandów płci obojga; na pierwszy rzut oka są proste, jednak w dwóch miejscach są mocno skręcone[6].

 src=
Elandy pijące wodę

Wymiary:

Wysokość w kłębie
125–183 cm[5]
Długość ciała
200-345 cm[6]
Długość ogona
54-75 cm[5]
Długość rogów
43–67 cm u samców, 51–69,6 cm u samic[5]
Masa ciała
300–1000 kg[6]

Zasięg, środowisko

Elandy występują w blisko ⅓ części Afryki. Północna granica ich zasięgu biegnie na północny wschód przez Angolę i południową Demokratyczną Republikę Konga, dalej na północ przez Tanzanię, Kenię i południową Somalię. Populacje z południowych krańców zasięgu, w tym części RPA, Botswany i Namibii pochodzą głównie z reintrodukcji. Środowiskiem ich życia jest sawanna, zadrzewione, otwarte trawiaste równiny oraz górskie obszary trawiaste[5].

Tryb życia

Elandy prowadzą nomadyczny tryb życia. Areał osobniczy u samic jest większy, niż u samców[5]. Antylopy te najbardziej aktywne są o poranku i późnym popołudniem, w ciągu dnia chronią się przez gorącem. Są to bardzo towarzyskie zwierzęte, występujące zawsze stadnie, także podczas pory deszczowej. Przeważnie stada liczą 25–70 osobników, obserwowano jednak liczące do 400. Wykazują się szczególną szybkością – mogą biegać z prędkością ponad 70 km/h[6]. Żywią się trawami, roślinami zielnymi, liścmi drzew i krzewów oraz soczystymi owocami[7].

 src=
Stado

Rozmnażanie

Okres rozrodczy zależny od regionu występowania; w niektórych są one wyraźniej zaznaczone, np. w Zambii młode rodzą się w lipcu i sierpniu. Dominujące samce zapładniają kilka samic[7]. Według innego źródła mogą rozmnażać się cały rok, jednak najwięcej młodych rodzi się od sierpnia do listopada. Samce zbliżają się do samic w rui i lizaniem oraz trącaniem pyskiem jej zadu starają się przekonać ją do odbycia kopulacji, jednocześnie odpędzając z okolicy mniej dominujące samce. Sama kopulacja trwa około 4 sekund[5]. Ciąża trwa 8,5–9 miesięcy. Rodzi się jedno młode. Samce po urodzeniu ważą 28-35 kg, samice – 23-31 kg[7]. Zazwyczaj porody odbywają się nocą. Przez pierwsze dwa tygodnie życia młodego matka ukrywa je, dopiero po tym okresie zapoznając z resztą stada[5]. Małe elandy przestają pić mleko matki w wieku około pół roku[7]. Dojrzałość płciową osiągają w wieku około 2,5 roku w przypadku samic i 4 lat w przypadku samców[5].

Ochrona

IUCN uznaje elanda za gatunek najmniejszej troski (LC, Least Concern; stan w 2017)[2]. Rozwój siedlisk ludzkich poskutkował ograniczeniem zasięgu występowania tych antylop, ponadto do drastycznych spadków liczebności doprowadziły wojny domowe, np. w Mozambiku, Angoli, Rwandzie, Ugandzie i Burundi (gdzie, według danych z 2. połowy lat 90. XX wieku, wymarły)[4]. Elandy mogą być hodowane dla mięsa i mleka. Łatwo się oswajają, mają spokojny temperament. Są jednak kosztowne w utrzymaniu. Mleko elandów w porównaniu do krowiego wykazuje się znaczną trwałością[5].

Przypisy

  1. Taurotragus oryx, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. a b c Hoffmann, M. 2016, Tragelaphus oryx [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 [online], wersja 2016-05-31 [dostęp 2017-12-10] (ang.).
  3. Peter Simon Pallas: Miscellanea zoologica qui bus novae imprimis atque obscurae animalium species describuntur et observationibus iconibusque illustrantur. 1766, s. 9.
  4. a b Buijs D, Venter JA, Parrini F, Relton C. Initials: A conservation assessment of Tragelaphus oryx. W: Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT, editors. The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho [on-line]. South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust, 2016. [dostęp 10 grudnia 2017].
  5. a b c d e f g h i j Taurotragus oryx. „Mammalian Species”. 689, s. 1–5, 2002.
  6. a b c d Brent Huffman: Taurotragus oryx. Common eland. Ultimate Ungulate Fasctsheet.
  7. a b c d Bridget Fahey: Taurotragus oryx. Eland. W: Animal Diversity Web [on-line]. University of Michigan, 1999. [dostęp 10 grudnia 2017].
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia POL

Eland: Brief Summary ( polonèis )

fornì da wikipedia POL

Eland (Taurotragus oryx) – największa współczesna antylopa z rodziny krętorogich nazywana też kanną. Zamieszkuje głównie rezerwaty w Afryce na południe od Sahary. Nie jest zagrożony wyginięciem.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia POL

Elande ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT
 src=
Distribuição do elande na África

O elande (Taurotragus oryx),[1][2] também chamado, em línguas africanas de Moçambique, pacala[3] ou tuca,[4] com uma subespécie chamada em Angola de gunga,[5][6] é uma espécie de bovino encontrado nas pradarias e savanas das regiões sul e do leste da África.

Denominação

O termo elande vem de Eland, palavra africanse originária do holandês, que por seu turno vem do alemão arcaico Elend e, supõe-se, do termo lituano antigo Ellenis, que significa veado.[7]

Classificação

O elande tem três subespécies:

  • Elande-de-livingston (Taurotragus oryx livingstoni) – chamado, em português, gunga.[6]
  • Elande-do-leste (Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus).
  • Elande-do-sul (Taurotragus oryx oryx).

Aparência

É o maior antílope africano, chegando a pesar uma tonelada. Curiosamente, os chifres das fêmeas (ver dimorfismo sexual) são maiores que os dos machos. Apresenta cornos rectos com um perfil helicoidal e corpo semelhante os bovídeos, com cerca 1,90 m de altura.

Hábitos

Ágeis, são capazes de pular 1,5 m de altura a partir de uma posição estacionária.

Referências

  1. «elande». www.priberam.pt. Consultado em 16 de outubro de 2016
  2. «Governo de Moçambique» (PDF)
  3. «Significado / definição de pacala no Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa». www.priberam.pt. Consultado em 16 de outubro de 2016
  4. «tuca». www.priberam.pt. Consultado em 16 de outubro de 2016
  5. «gunga». priberam.pt. Consultado em 21 de outubro de 2016
  6. a b «Fauna de Angola (selos) Arca de Darwin». Consultado em 16 de outubro de 2016
  7. Dicionário Merriam-Webster: Erando
 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia PT

Elande: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT
 src= Distribuição do elande na África

O elande (Taurotragus oryx), também chamado, em línguas africanas de Moçambique, pacala ou tuca, com uma subespécie chamada em Angola de gunga, é uma espécie de bovino encontrado nas pradarias e savanas das regiões sul e do leste da África.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia PT

Antilopa losia ( slovach )

fornì da wikipedia SK

Antilopa losia (lat. Taurotragus oryx) je veľký druh prežúvavého kopytníka, obývajúci africké savany. Žije v stádách, často aj s inými druhmi antilop a so zebrami a po príbuznej antilope Derbyho je to najväčší žijúci druh antilopy.

Opis

Taurotragus derbianus (D.A.K.).jpg
  • Hmotnosť: 300 – 950 kg
  • Dĺžka tela: 200 – 350 cm
  • Dĺžka chvostu: 50 – 90 cm
  • Výška v kohútiku: 120 – 180 cm

Antilopa losa je veľké a mohutné zviera. Dospelé samce sú až dvakrát také veľké ako samice a môžu vážiť až jednu tonu. Na kohútiku majú tukový hrboľ, typickým znakom je veľký krčný lalok, ktorý je u samcov väčší a výraznejší.

Srsť na tele je krátka, žltohnedá, u samcov až hrdzavohnedá alebo modrastosivá. Obe pohlavia môžu mať po bokoch 2 – 15 priečnych svetlých pruhov. Samce majú na hlave hustú hnedočiernu šticu, obe pohlavia majú tmavú, krátku hrivu, ktorá sa tiahne od krku, cez kohútik až po koreň chvostu, ten je zakončený tmavším, čiernohnedým strapcom.

Obe pohlavia majú dlhé, rovné, skrutkovité rohy, ktoré sú približne 65 cm dlhé, u samcov sú dlhšie a mohutnejšie.

Rozšírenie a stanovisko

je veľmi prispôsobivá.[1] Antilopa losia obýva stromové a krovinaté savany, svetlé lesy, polopúšte a horské oblasti až do výšky cez 4 000 m n. m. v páse cez Etiópiu a južné Kongo až do Juhoafrickej republiky. Neobýva husté lesy, pravé púšte a úplne otvorené savany[1].

Eland002.jpg

Biológia

Antilopy losie žijú v stádách, často aj 25 kusov, v období dažďov sa samice s teľatami zhromažďujú do väčších stád, v období sucha tak tvoria ešte početnejšie stáda, často zmiešané s inými druhmi antilop a so zebrami. V jednom stáde môže byť viac dospelých samcov, ale nárok na párenie sa so samicami má len dominantný býk.

Staré samce sú teritoriálne, žijú spravidla samotársky na zalesnených miestach, naproti tomu domovský okrsok samíc je oveľa väčší. Stádo, vedené starou samicou, migruje za lepšou pastvou po veľkom území. Antilopy losie spásajú vegetáciu v trávnatých, ale aj v krovinatých oblastiach, spravidla sa pasú v otvorenej krajine. Hlavnú potravu antilopy losej tvoria mladé vetvičky a lístie, požierajú aj ovocie a šťavnaté cibuľky, ktoré vyhrabávajú kopytami. V období sucha si vystačia s vodou, ktorú prijmú spolu s potravou.

Antilopy losie sú pohyblivé, rýchle antilopy, pri úteku dokážu preskočiť aj dvojmetrovú prekážku. Pri napadnutí predátorom, napríklad levom, sa samice zhlukujú na obranu mláďat.

V období ruje bojujú samce o samice, pretláčajú sa rohmi. Dominantný býk sa pári s viacerými kravami. Gravidita trvá 250 – 277 dní, potom sa rodí jediné mláďa. Novorodené mláďatá nenasledujú svoju matku, ale ležia v úkryte, kam ich matka chodí kojiť. Teľatá sú odstavené v 6. mesiaci svojho veku, pohlavná dospelosť nastupuje po troch rokoch. Antilopa losia sa môže dožiť až 25 rokov.

Antilopa losia sa môže krížiť s turom domácim, krížence sú však neplodné. Je tak turovi geneticky bližšia než napr. byvol africký. Antilopa losia sa môže krížiť aj s inými druhmi antilop, ako je kudu veľký.

Domestikácia

Antilopa losia je pomerne učenlivé zviera, v zajatí je pomerne nenáročná, krotká a dôverčivá a preto boli spravené pokusy o domestikáciu tohto druhu – antilopa losia poskytuje veľké množstvo krehkého mäsa, veľmi kvalitnú kožu a jej mlieko má väčší obsah bielkovín a mliečneho tuku než kravské mlieko.

Referencie

  1. a b c UCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. 2016. Tragelaphus oryx (errata version published in 2017). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22055A115166135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22055A50196938.en. Downloaded on 15 May 2018.

Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článku Antilopa losí na českej Wikipédii.

Iné projekty

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autori a editori Wikipédie
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia SK

Antilopa losia: Brief Summary ( slovach )

fornì da wikipedia SK

Antilopa losia (lat. Taurotragus oryx) je veľký druh prežúvavého kopytníka, obývajúci africké savany. Žije v stádách, často aj s inými druhmi antilop a so zebrami a po príbuznej antilope Derbyho je to najväčší žijúci druh antilopy.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autori a editori Wikipédie
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia SK

Eland antilopa ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da wikipedia SL

Eland antilopa (znanstveno ime Taurotragus oryx) lahko zraste lahko do 3 m in tehta 900 kg. Živi lahko do 25 let.

Wikimedijina zbirka ponuja več predstavnostnega gradiva o temi: Eland antilopa
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Avtorji in uredniki Wikipedije
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia SL

Vanlig eland ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Vanlig eland eller eland (Taurotragus oryx) är en art i familjen slidhornsdjur. Den kallas också för älgantilop, och den är en av de två största antiloparterna; den nära släktingen jätteeland (jätteälgantilop, Taurotragus derbianus) har dock längre horn.[2] Den lever i flockar på savannerna i södra och östra Afrika.

Kännetecken

Honor når en kroppslängd mellan 200 och 280 cm (utan svans) samt en vikt mellan 300 och 600 kg. Mankhöjden för honor är 125 till 150 cm. Hannar blir med en kroppslängd mellan 240 och 345 cm samt en vikt mellan 400 och 1 000 kg tydlig större. Hannarnas mankhöjd ligger mellan 150 och 183 cm. Svansen är hos båda kön cirka 50 till 90 cm lång. Horn finns hos båda kön, de är långa (upp till 65 cm) och spiralvridna.[3]

Utbredning och habitat

Utbredningsområdets norra gräns sträcker sig ungefär i en linje från centrala Kenya till centrala Angola, men det finns även isolerade populationer i Uganda och södra Sudan. Med undantag av några regioner i södra Namibia, i nordvästra Sydafrika, i södra Botswana och i Lesotho förekommer vanlig eland i hela södra Afrika. I bergstrakter finns den upp till 4 900 meter över havet. Vanlig eland vistas främst i öppna savanner, halvöknar eller ursprungliga torra och öppna skogar. Arten undviker däremot allt för täta skogar, gräsmarker utan buskar och äkta öknar.[1]

Levnadssätt

Vanlig eland lever vanligen i grupper med 40 till 70 individer, men vid gynnsamma förhållanden förenas flera flockar tillfällig till stora hjordar med flera hundra individer. Av de mindre flockarna finns vanligen två varianter – den första bildas av flera honor samt deras ungar och den andra bildas endast av hannar. I flockar av den senare varianten etableras oftast en hierarki. Dessutom förekommer ensam levande hannar. I motsats till flera andra antiloper har vanlig eland inga revir.[3][4]

Om kalvarna blir hotade av lejon eller andra rovdjur försvaras de av hela flocken. Ett liknande socialt beteende observeras mycket sällan hos andra antiloper.[5]

Individerna är långsamma och stannar länge på samma ställe, och bara i undantagsfall når de hastigheter upp till 70 km/h. De är vanligen aktiva tidigt på morgonen eller senare på eftermiddagen och vilar under dagens hetaste timmar.[3]

Denna antilop livnär sig uteslutande vegetarisk, men angående växtdelar är den mycket variabel. Den äter bland annat gräs, löv och kvistar.[3]

Hannen testar med tungan om honan är parningsberedd. Finns flera hannar vid samma hona strider de med hornen om rätten att para sig. Ibland tar det 4 timmar innan honan tillåter kopulationen. Honor kan para sig hela året men vanligen ligger parningstiden mellan augusti och november så att ungarna föds under regntiden. Dräktigheten varar i genomsnitt 271 dagar (nio månader) och vanligen föds en kalv per kull. Ungdjuret väger 25 till 30 kg vid födelsen och står kort efteråt på sina extremiteter. Könsmognaden infaller för honor efter 2,5 år och för hannar efter 4 år. Livslängden blir upp till 25 år.[3][4]

Elandantilopen och människor

Vanlig eland jagades tidigare hård för köttets och hornens (som trofé) skull. Därför förekommer den idag främst i skyddade områden eller på privat mark. Ett annat hot är omvandlingen av levnadsområdet till jordbruksmark. Arten har också blivit föremål för domesticering och används som mjölkproducent, då mjölken är bättre hållbar än tamboskapens mjölk; dessutom uthärdar vanlig eland vattenbrist bättre.[4] Som husdjur förekommer elandantilopen till exempel i Sydafrika, Zimbabwe och Kenya men även i Ryssland, Ukraina och Storbritannien.[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c] Taurotragus oryxIUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Antelope Specialist Group 2008, besökt 25 februari 2009.
  2. ^ "elandantiloper". NE.se. Läst 29 augusti 2013.
  3. ^ [a b c d e] Brent Huffman, Taurotragus oryx Arkiverad 9 januari 2011 hämtat från the Wayback Machine. Ultimateungulate (engelska), läst 14 mars 2011.
  4. ^ [a b c] Lindsay A. Pappas: Taurotragus oryx. Mammalian Species, 689: pp. 1-5. American Society of Mammalogists, 2002. (PDF, online)
  5. ^ Elandantilopen, Borås djurpark

Externa länkar

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia SV

Vanlig eland: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Vanlig eland eller eland (Taurotragus oryx) är en art i familjen slidhornsdjur. Den kallas också för älgantilop, och den är en av de två största antiloparterna; den nära släktingen jätteeland (jätteälgantilop, Taurotragus derbianus) har dock längre horn. Den lever i flockar på savannerna i södra och östra Afrika.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia SV

Канна звичайна ( ucrain )

fornì da wikipedia UK

Зовнішній вигляд

 src=
самець

Висота в холці 130–180 см, тіло завдовжки 200–300 см. Довжина хвоста 60–90 см, довжина рогів до 65 см. Вага — 300–600 кг у самиць, у самців 700–1000 кг. Тривалість життя 8–10 років. Тіло вкрите коротким волоссям сіро-коричневого кольору, але на задній стороні передніх ніг є чорні плями, і з боків тіла вертикальні смуги. Уздовж гребеня спини проходить чорна смуга. Кінцівки пристосовані для далеких походів, є два пальці покриті копитами. Рухливі вуха вловлюють кожен шурхіт. Роги скручені біля основи в обох статей. У самців на нижній стороні шиї висить складка шкіри, на лобі є кучерява шерсть.

Спосіб життя

Канни — стадні тварини. У період посухи збираються у групи по 25–70 особин. Під час сезону дощів невеликі групи бродять в пошуках їжі. Вони живляться листям, молодими пагонами і свіжою травою. Їхні зуби пристосованні більше для живлення листям ніж травою. Каннам потрібен постійний доступ до води. При відсутності свіжої трави, вони їдять кору, плоди та насіння. Через високі температур протягом дня в основному пасуться вночі.

 src=
Молода особина

Охорона

Багато тварин гине через захворювання, що переносить домашня худоба і від яких у канни немає імунітету. Деякі канни були одомашнені і навіть використовувались як в'ючні тварини. Тепер, в дикій природі, їх можна зустріти тільки в заповідниках.

Підвиди

  • T. o. livingstonii
  • T. o. oryx
  • T. o. pattersonianus

Джерела


licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia UK

Linh dương Eland ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Linh dương eland (danh pháp hai phần: Taurotragus oryx) là một loài động vật có vú thuộc chi Taurotragus, trong họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Chúng là một loài linh dương sinh sống ở các đồng bằng xa vẳn ở đông và nam châu Phi, được mô tả lần đầu bởi Peter Simon Pallas in 1766. Con đực trưởng thành cao 1,6 1.6 mét (5 ft) tại vai (con cái cao ít hơn 20 cm) và cân nặng trung bình 500–600 kilogram (1.100–1.300 lb, 340–445 kilogram (750–980 lb) đối với con cái). Nó là loài trâu bò lớn thứ nhì thế giới, nhỏ hơn một chút so với linh dương lớn Trung Phi[4].

Chủ yếu ăn cỏ, chế độ ăn, chế độ ăn uống của nó chủ yếu là cỏ và lá cây. Chúng hình thành những đàn lên đến 500 cá thể nhưng không phải là loài chiếm lãnh thổ riêng. Linh dương thường Đông thích môi trường sống với nhiều loại của hoa thực vật như thảo nguyên, rừng, và đồng cỏ mở và sinh thái núi mở, nó tránh rừng rậm. Nó sử dụng tiếng rống lớn, cử chỉ di chuyển và tầm nhìn và phản ứng flehmen để giao tiếp cảnh báo con khác mối nguy hiểm. Linh dương thường Đông Phi cung cấp da và sữa, giàu dinh dưỡng, và đã được thuần hóa ở một số khu vực.

Đây là loài bản địa Botswana, Burundi, Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Nam Phi, Nam Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, ZambiaZimbabwe nhưng không còn hiện diện ở BurundiAngola.

Phân loài

  • T. o. livingstonii
  • T. o. oryx
  • T. o. pattersonianus

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). Tragelaphus oryx. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2011.1. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 11 năm 2011.
  2. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Taurotragus oryx”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ Grubb, P. (2005). “Order Artiodactyla”. Trong Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (ấn bản 3). Johns Hopkins University Press. tr. 696–7. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  4. ^ Pappas, LA; Elaine Anderson, Lui Marnelli, Virginia Hayssen (ngày 5 tháng 7 năm 2002). “Taurotragus oryx” (pdf). Mammalian Species 689: 1–5. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |coauthors= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về chủ đề Bộ Guốc chẵn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia VI

Linh dương Eland: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Linh dương eland (danh pháp hai phần: Taurotragus oryx) là một loài động vật có vú thuộc chi Taurotragus, trong họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Chúng là một loài linh dương sinh sống ở các đồng bằng xa vẳn ở đông và nam châu Phi, được mô tả lần đầu bởi Peter Simon Pallas in 1766. Con đực trưởng thành cao 1,6 1.6 mét (5 ft) tại vai (con cái cao ít hơn 20 cm) và cân nặng trung bình 500–600 kilogram (1.100–1.300 lb, 340–445 kilogram (750–980 lb) đối với con cái). Nó là loài trâu bò lớn thứ nhì thế giới, nhỏ hơn một chút so với linh dương lớn Trung Phi.

Chủ yếu ăn cỏ, chế độ ăn, chế độ ăn uống của nó chủ yếu là cỏ và lá cây. Chúng hình thành những đàn lên đến 500 cá thể nhưng không phải là loài chiếm lãnh thổ riêng. Linh dương thường Đông thích môi trường sống với nhiều loại của hoa thực vật như thảo nguyên, rừng, và đồng cỏ mở và sinh thái núi mở, nó tránh rừng rậm. Nó sử dụng tiếng rống lớn, cử chỉ di chuyển và tầm nhìn và phản ứng flehmen để giao tiếp cảnh báo con khác mối nguy hiểm. Linh dương thường Đông Phi cung cấp da và sữa, giàu dinh dưỡng, và đã được thuần hóa ở một số khu vực.

Đây là loài bản địa Botswana, Burundi, Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Nam Phi, Nam Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, ZambiaZimbabwe nhưng không còn hiện diện ở BurundiAngola.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia VI

Канна (антилопа) ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию
Kana1.JPG

Канны, по-видимому, одомашниваются (их разведением занимались ещё древние египтяне). Их молоко содержит по сравнению с коровьим молоком трёхкратную концентрацию жира и белков и обладает лечебными свойствами. Кроме того, возможно использование их мяса и кожи. Однако первые попытки их приручения начали предприниматься в конце XX века и до сегодняшнего дня ведутся в довольно скромном масштабе. Тем не менее, подобные начинания могут привести к успеху, так как по отношению к человеку канны ведут себя неагрессивно и являются весьма нетребовательными при содержании. В ряде научных изданий канны упоминаются как «вид, находящийся на пути к одомашниванию».

Из-за неконтролируемой охоты со стороны человека канны в дикой природе стали редкими животными. МСОП придаёт им статус «зависимых от защитных мер». Самые крупные популяции сегодня обитают в пустыне Серенгети, где живут около 7 тысяч канн.

Примечания

  1. Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 135. — 10 000 экз.
  2. Фишер Д., Саймон Н., Винсент Д. Красная книга. Дикая природа в опасности / пер. с англ., под ред. А. Г. Банникова. — М.: Прогресс, 1976. — С. 180. — 478 с.
  3. Канна // Большая советская энциклопедия. — М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1949—1958. — (Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 51 т.] / гл. ред. Б. А. Введенский ; 1949—1958, т. страницы11).
  4. Taurotragus oryx в книге Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.), Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.) ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. [1]
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Castello J. R. (2016) Bovids of the World: Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Relatives. — Princeton University Press. — Pp. 550—553. — 664 p. — ISBN 978-0-691-16717-6 [2]
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Авторы и редакторы Википедии

Канна (антилопа): Brief Summary ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию
Kana1.JPG

Канны, по-видимому, одомашниваются (их разведением занимались ещё древние египтяне). Их молоко содержит по сравнению с коровьим молоком трёхкратную концентрацию жира и белков и обладает лечебными свойствами. Кроме того, возможно использование их мяса и кожи. Однако первые попытки их приручения начали предприниматься в конце XX века и до сегодняшнего дня ведутся в довольно скромном масштабе. Тем не менее, подобные начинания могут привести к успеху, так как по отношению к человеку канны ведут себя неагрессивно и являются весьма нетребовательными при содержании. В ряде научных изданий канны упоминаются как «вид, находящийся на пути к одомашниванию».

Из-за неконтролируемой охоты со стороны человека канны в дикой природе стали редкими животными. МСОП придаёт им статус «зависимых от защитных мер». Самые крупные популяции сегодня обитают в пустыне Серенгети, где живут около 7 тысяч канн.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Авторы и редакторы Википедии

伊蘭羚羊 ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Taurotragus oryx
(Pallas, 1766) 伊蘭羚羊的分布
伊蘭羚羊的分布

伊蘭羚羊學名Taurotragus oryx),又名巨羚大羚羊,是東非南部非洲大草原平原的一種羚羊

特徵

 src=
伊蘭羚羊。

伊蘭羚羊與德氏大羚羊一同被認為是最大的羚羊種,不過牠們其實更像。雌羊重300-600公斤,長200-280厘米,肩高125-153厘米。公羊重400-1000公斤,長240-345厘米,肩高150-183厘米。尾巴長約50-90厘米[2][3][4]。雌羊呈黃褐色,公羊較為深色,有一點藍灰色,也有一些兩側有白色斑紋。公羊前額的毛髮很密,喉袋很大。公羊及雌羊都有角,角長65厘米。雌羊兩角較闊。

生態及行為

伊蘭羚羊棲息在南部非洲的遼闊平原及非洲大平原的山腳。牠們吃樹枝葉子。牠們是日間活動的,但在太阳照射强烈的時候則不太活动。 一个伊籣羚羊的群体一般有30-80隻,有些甚至超过400隻。它们会根据自身需要而加入或脱离某个群体。 公羊的體型及力量一般足以對抗掠食者,但雌羊則較易受到攻擊[5]。伊蘭羚羊的掠食者包括獅子斑鬣狗非洲野犬獵豹

分類

伊蘭羚羊有時被認為屬於藪羚屬,但通常會與德氏大羚羊一起被分到巨羚屬中。

用途

伊籣羚羊会被人类驯养。它们肉质鲜美,这是牠們被獵殺的主要原因。

名字

伊蘭羚羊名字中的「伊蘭」来自荷兰语(Eland),意思是駝鹿。当初荷蘭殖民者來到開普省看見如此巨大的野生動物時,就用这个名字称呼它们。

參考

 src= 维基共享资源中相關的多媒體資源:伊蘭羚羊分類 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:伊蘭羚羊

外部連結

 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
维基百科作者和编辑

伊蘭羚羊: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

伊蘭羚羊(學名Taurotragus oryx),又名巨羚、大羚羊,是東非南部非洲大草原平原的一種羚羊

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
维基百科作者和编辑

エランド (動物) ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語
曖昧さ回避 この項目では、動物について説明しています。『ベルガリアード物語』と『マロリオン物語』の登場人物については「エリオンド」をご覧ください。
エランド Common eland mara.jpg
エランド
保全状況評価[1] LEAST CONCERN
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 LC.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 哺乳綱 Mammalia : ウシ目 Artiodactyla : ウシ科 Bovidae 亜科 : ウシ亜科 Bovinae : エランド属 Taurotragus : エランド T. oryx 学名 Taurotragus oryx Pallas, 1766 和名 エランド 英名 (Common) Eland Common eland.png
生息域

エランド (Eland) は、アンテロープの1種。学名 Taurotragus oryxイランドとも。

近縁なジャイアントエランド (Taurotragus derbianus) と合わせてエランドと総称することもある。ジャイアントエランドと区別する場合コモンエランド (Common Eland) とも言う。(コモン)エランドとジャイアントエランドは、エランド属 (Taurotragus)、またはまれにブッシュバック属エランド亜属 (Tragelaphinae (Taurotragus)) を構成する。ただし、ジャイアントエランドをエランドの亜種とする場合もある。

語源[編集]

 src=
ヘラジカ(本来のエランド)

オランダ語ヘラジカを意味するElandが語源である。南アフリカケープ地方に入植したオランダ人が名づけた。

なお、現代の標準的なオランダ語ではElandantilope(エランドアンテロープの意味)と呼ぶ。アフリカーンス語では単にElandという。

生息域[編集]

東アフリカ南部アフリカ

特徴[編集]

肩高2メートル体重は400-900キログラムに達し、ジャイアントエランドと並び最大のアンテロープである。雌は雄の半分の体重である。

雌は黄褐色の毛皮だが、雄はやや暗い色の毛皮で、多くは体側に細く白い縞模様がある。ごくまれに黒い個体がいる。雄は喉にのどぶくろと密生した柔毛を持つ。

雌雄とも約65センチメートルに達する、ほぼまっすぐの長いを持つ。雌雄で大きな違いはないが、雌の角は雄よりやや細く、長い。

動作は俊敏で、高さ1.5メートルのも飛び越える。

体温を7まで下げ、水分の発散を抑えることができる。ラクダと同様の能力である。

生態[編集]

サバンナに住む。も食べるが主食ではなく、木の葉を主に食べる。を掘り返して食べることもある。

昼行性だが、暑い昼間はあまり活動しない。

成雌と子供30-80頭で群れを作り、広い範囲を移動する。成雄は主に単独行動するか、3-4頭の群れを作り、あまり移動しない。

1産1仔。

主な捕食者はライオンリカオン。ただし、個体数が少ないため、捕食者にとって主な獲物となることはない。

家畜化の試み[編集]

ウクライナのアスカニヤノヴァ動物園 (Askaniya-Nova Zoo)では、1948年からエランドを放牧し、採乳を行っている。

南アフリカ共和国アメリカ合衆国でも家畜化の試みがある。

 src= ウィキスピーシーズにエランド (動物)に関する情報があります。  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、エランド (動物)に関連するカテゴリがあります。

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2008. Tragelaphus oryx. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 20 June 2011.
 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者

エランド (動物): Brief Summary ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語

エランド (Eland) は、アンテロープの1種。学名 Taurotragus oryx。イランドとも。

近縁なジャイアントエランド (Taurotragus derbianus) と合わせてエランドと総称することもある。ジャイアントエランドと区別する場合コモンエランド (Common Eland) とも言う。(コモン)エランドとジャイアントエランドは、エランド属 (Taurotragus)、またはまれにブッシュバック属エランド亜属 (Tragelaphinae (Taurotragus)) を構成する。ただし、ジャイアントエランドをエランドの亜種とする場合もある。

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者

일런드 ( Corean )

fornì da wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

일런드(Taurotragus oryx)는 초원과 평야 지대에서 서식하는 영양의 일종으로 동아프리카남아프리카에서 발견된다. 소과 일런드속에 속하는 포유류이다. 1766년 팔라스(Peter Simon Pallas)가 처음 기술했다. 성장을 마친 수컷의 어깨높이가 약 1.6m(암컷은 수컷보다 20cm 정도 작다.)이고, 몸무게는 최대 942kg, 평균 500–600kg(암컷은 340–445kg)이다. 세계에서 두번째로 큰 영양으로 자이언트일런드보다 약간 작다.[2] 풀과 잎을 주로 먹는 초식동물이다. 500마리씩 무리를 지어 생활하지만 세력권을 형성하지는 않는다. 천적은 사자, 점박이하이에나이다.

각주

  1. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). Tragelaphus oryx. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2011.1판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2011년 11월 21일에 확인함.
  2. Pappas, LA; Elaine Anderson; Lui Marnelli; Virginia Hayssen (2002년 7월 5일). “Taurotragus oryx” (PDF). 《Mammalian Species》 689: 1–5. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2002)689<0001:TO>2.0.CO;2. 2011년 12월 23일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2012년 7월 25일에 확인함.
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자

일런드: Brief Summary ( Corean )

fornì da wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

일런드(Taurotragus oryx)는 초원과 평야 지대에서 서식하는 영양의 일종으로 동아프리카남아프리카에서 발견된다. 소과 일런드속에 속하는 포유류이다. 1766년 팔라스(Peter Simon Pallas)가 처음 기술했다. 성장을 마친 수컷의 어깨높이가 약 1.6m(암컷은 수컷보다 20cm 정도 작다.)이고, 몸무게는 최대 942kg, 평균 500–600kg(암컷은 340–445kg)이다. 세계에서 두번째로 큰 영양으로 자이언트일런드보다 약간 작다. 풀과 잎을 주로 먹는 초식동물이다. 500마리씩 무리를 지어 생활하지만 세력권을 형성하지는 않는다. 천적은 사자, 점박이하이에나이다.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자