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Epinephelus coioides Common Information

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Epinephelus coioides has common name "Kerapu Macan" in indonesia or Orange-spotted grouper in FAO name is one of the few species among farmed grouper species. Hamilton (1822) has made Classification to this fish. There are: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Serranidae Genus: Epinephelus Species: Epinephelus coioides These fish have a body with common characteristics as: Body color is generally brown, but in the abdomen more brown in color. Parts of the body including the head of reddish-brown patterned spots, teeth on middle side of lower jaw in 2 rows, fourth dorsal spine usually longest, membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin incised, caudal fin rounded, pelvic fins not reaching anus. Dorsal rays XI, 13-16, anal rays III,8, pectoral rays 18-20. Live in coastal waters around the islands to a depth of 100 m and around coral reefs, Feed on small fishes, shrimps, and crabs. E. coioides includes a group of high-priced groupers. This is a type of grouper fish native to Indonesia who live scattered in various rocky waters of the archipelago. Besides Indonesia, the spread of this fish include waters in the Indo-Pacific region. These fish are usually for daily consumption and also a major export commodity because it has a fairly high sales value in international market. Because this fish has a very high demand, this fish has to be cultivated using techniques of coastal aquaculture so that demand can always be covered.
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Trophic Strategy

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Probably make frequent use of shelters, suggesting an 'ambush' method of feeding (Ref. 6390). Inhabit turbid coastal reefs (Ref. 9710) and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 27362) over mud and rubble (Ref. 6390). Juveniles are common in shallow waters of estuaries over sand, mud and gravel and among mangroves (Refs. 6390, 127989). Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feeds mainly on fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. 30°C temperatures and 3% salinities provide peak survival environments. Dwells in benthic, rocky substrates and along the continental slope (Ref. 127989).
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Recorder
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 16; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8
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Life Cycle

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Pelagic spawner (Ref. 32184).
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Daniel Pauly
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Diseases and Parasites

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Fish Leech Infestation (Hirudinea sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Rhexanellosis Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diagnostic Description

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This species is distinguished by the following characters: elongated body with greatest body depth at 2.9-3.7 in SL (for specimens 10-78 cm SL); head length 2.3-2.6 in SL. interorbital width 5.0-6.2 in HL; preopercle with enlarged serrae at angle and a broad shallow notch just above angle; upper edge of operculum straight or somewhat convex; maxilla reaches to or slightly past a vertical at rear edge of eye; upper jaw length 17-20% of SL; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2-3 rows of subequal teeth; gill rakers of first gill arch 8-10 + 14-17; pyloric caeca 50-60; lateral body scales rough, with minute auxiliary scales (body scales ctenoid except for nape, back, thorax, abdomen and above anal-fin base with cycloid scales); lateral-line scales 58-65; lateral-line tubes of anterior scales branched in adults. Colour: head and body tan dorsally, shading to whitish ventrally; numerous small brownish orange or reddish brown spots on head, body, and median fins; body with 5 faint, irregular, oblique, dark bars which bifurcate ventrally (irregular H-shaped bars); back with 3-4 blackish saddles; orange spots become poorly defined and darker with growth (Ref. 39231, 90102).
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Biology

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Inhabit turbid coastal reefs (Ref. 9710) and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 27362) over mud and rubble (Ref. 6390). Solitary (Ref 90102). Juveniles are common in shallow waters of estuaries over sand, mud and gravel and among mangroves (Ref. 6390). Feed on small fishes, shrimps, and crabs. Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Females mature at 25 to 30 cm (2 to 3 years old), and sexual transition occurs at 55 to 75 cm (Ref. 39231). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Has been tested in several countries as a potential species for mariculture (Ref. 43448). Caught with hook-and-line, traps, trawls, and lift nets. Common and expensive in markets of the region; sold fresh and kept alive at restaurants in Asian countries (e.g. Hong Kong and Taiwan Province of China) (Ref. 39231).
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Importance

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fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial
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分布

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於印度-西太平洋區,西至非洲東岸、紅海,東至西太平洋,北至日本南部,南至澳洲。台灣西部及南部海域最多。
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利用

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具經濟性之食用魚,已有實驗性之人工養殖。一般漁法以拖網及一支釣捕獲。清蒸食用佳。
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描述

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體長橢圓形,側扁而粗壯,標準體長為體高之2.9-3.7倍。頭背部斜直;眶間區微突。眼小,短於吻長。口大;上下頜前端具小犬齒或無,兩側齒細尖,下頜約2-3列。鰓耙數8-10+14-17,隨著成長而逐漸退化。前鰓蓋骨後緣具鋸齒,下緣光滑。鰓蓋骨後緣具3扁棘。體被細小櫛鱗;側線鱗孔數58-65;縱列鱗數100-118。背鰭鰭棘部與軟條部相連,無缺刻,具硬棘XI,軟條14-16;臀鰭硬棘III枚,軟條8;腹鰭腹位,末端延伸不及肛門開口;胸鰭圓形,中央之鰭條長於上下方之鰭條,且長於腹鰭,但短於後眼眶長;尾鰭圓形。頭部及體背側黃褐色,腹側淡白;頭部、體側及奇鰭散佈許多橘褐色或紅褐色小點;體側另具5條不顯著、不規則、斜的及腹側分叉的暗橫帶,第一條在背鰭硬棘前緣,最後一條在尾柄上。
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棲地

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主要棲息於水質較混濁的沿岸礁區,亦常被發現於汽水域,幼魚則經常出現於砂泥底之河口域、沼澤區或潟湖。以魚類及甲殼類為食。
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Oranjekol-klipkabeljou ( Afrikaans )

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Die Oranjekol-klipkabeljou (Epinephelus coioides) is 'n vis wat in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika van die Persiese Golf tot by Durban voorkom. Die vis het onlangs die Middellandse See binnegedring via die Suezkanaal. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Orangespotted rockcod.

Voorkoms

Die vis het oranje tot rooibruin kolletjies op die lyf en vinne en die kolletjies verdof soos die vis ouer word. Die vis word tot 100 cm groot.

Habitat

Die vis word gevind in riviermondings en ook in kuswater tot op dieptes van 100 m. Hulle vreet hoofsaaklik ander vis en skaaldiere. Die vis is gewild in die Taiwannese mark as 'n eetvis.

Sien ook

Bron

Eksterne skakel

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Oranjekol-klipkabeljou: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Die Oranjekol-klipkabeljou (Epinephelus coioides) is 'n vis wat in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika van die Persiese Golf tot by Durban voorkom. Die vis het onlangs die Middellandse See binnegedring via die Suezkanaal. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Orangespotted rockcod.

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Epinephelus coioides ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Epinephelus coioides és una espècie de peix de la família dels serrànids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Morfologia

Els mascles poden assolir els 120 cm de longitud total.[3]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba des del Mar Roig fins a Durban (Sud-àfrica), Palau, Fidji, les Illes Ryukyu, el Mar d'Arafura i Austràlia. També a la costa mediterrània d'Israel.[3]

Referències

  1. Bloch M. E. 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 7. i-xiv + 1-144.
  2. BioLib
  3. 3,0 3,1 FishBase (anglès)

Bibliografia

  • Hamilton, F. [Buchanan] 1822. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edimburg & Londres. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches.: i-vii + 1-405, Pls. 1-39.
  • Heemstra, P.C. i Randall, J.E., 1993, Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue Vol. 16., FAO Fish. Synop. Núm. 125, 125:I-viii, 1-382.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall (2000).
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.

Enllaços externs

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Epinephelus coioides Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Epinephelus coioides: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Epinephelus coioides és una espècie de peix de la família dels serrànids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

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Epinephelus coioides ( Nan )

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Epinephelus coioidesSerranidae-kho ê hî-á, sī chi̍t chéng chio̍h-pan.

Chham-khó chu-liāu

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Epinephelus coioides: Brief Summary ( Nan )

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Epinephelus coioides sī Serranidae-kho ê hî-á, sī chi̍t chéng chio̍h-pan.

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Geurapèe kunèng

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Geurapèe kunèng

Geurapèe kunèng (nan Latèn: Epinephelus coioides) nakeuh saboh jeunèh eungkôt kareueng lam kawan geurapèe nyang na di la'ôt Acèh. Eungkôt nyoe kayém geudrop lé ureueng meula'ôt keu geupeubloe.[1]

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Geurapèe kunèng: Brief Summary

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 src= Geurapèe kunèng

Geurapèe kunèng (nan Latèn: Epinephelus coioides) nakeuh saboh jeunèh eungkôt kareueng lam kawan geurapèe nyang na di la'ôt Acèh. Eungkôt nyoe kayém geudrop lé ureueng meula'ôt keu geupeubloe.

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Orange-spotted grouper

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The orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), also known as the brown-spotted rockcod, estuary cod, estuary rockcod, goldspotted rockcod, greasy cod, North-west groper, orange spotted cod or blue-and-yellow grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It has an Indo-Pacific distribution and is found in marine and brackish waters.

Description

The orange-spotted grouper has an elongate body which has a standard length that is 2.9 to 3.7 times its depth. The dorsal profile of the head is flat or slightly convex between the eyes, the preopercle has enlarged serrations at its angle and a shallow notch just above the angle. The upper margin of the gill cover may be straight or slightly convex.[3] The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 13-16 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8 soft rays.[2] The membranes between the dorsal fin spines are obviously incised. The caudal fin is rounded. There are 58-65 scales in the lateral line. The head and body are light brown on the back lightening to whitish on the underparts.[3] There are four oblique "H-shaped" dark markings on the flanks and 3-4 dark saddle like blotches along the back while the head, body and fins are covered in numerous small brown or orange spots. The spots are larger and less numerous in juveniles, shrinking in size and multiplying in number as the fish grows.[4] The maximum published total length is 120 centimetres (47 in) and the maximum weight is 15 kilograms (33 lb).[2]

Distribution

The orange-spotted grouper has an Indo-Pacific distribution. It is found along the eastern coast of Africa which extends from the Gulf of Suez south as far as Durban in South Africa. It is also found off Madagascar, Mauritius, and Réunion and in the Persian Gulf eastward into the Pacific Ocean as far as Palau and Fiji. Its range extends north to Japan and south to Australia.[1] In Australia it occurs from Carnarvon, Western Australia along the tropical northern coasts to the Solitary Islands in New South Wales.[4] It was observed first in the Mediterranean Sea off Israel in 1969 and has been recorded rarely since.[5] This species has been tested in several countries for mariculture, which is a possible vector for its introduction.[6]

Habitat and biology

The orange-spotted grouper occurs in coral reefs, especially those along mainland coasts and large islands. The juveniles are frequently encountered in estuaries where there are sand, mud and gravel substrates and in mangroves. This is a predatory species which preys on fishes, shrimp, crabs and other benthic crustaceans. At night these fish will at least partially bury themselves in the mud. They are diandric protogynous hermaphrodites, some males develop from juveniles to males while others develop from functional females to males when they reach lengths of around 67 centimetres (26 in) and an age of 7.5 years. Off Papua New Guinea they have been reported to gather to spawn in aggregations of around 1,500 individuals and this takes place for 3-4 days each month over a muddy and sandy substrate. In the Persian Gulf there is a spawning season which occurs from March to June.[1] The eggs and larvae are thought to be pelagic. [2]

Importance to humans

Unfortunately, orange spotted groupers have been severely overexploited and fished. In any country where they can be found, their numbers have dwindled or are dwindling. They are mostly targeted using fish traps, and have spectacular tasting flesh which attains a high value in markets. In the UAE, the brunt of the overexploitation is easily visible. It has been assessed that they have been overexploited 7 times the normal level, and fisherman have described: "20 years ago, one net catches you 50kg. Now we use 100 nets and get 10kg of fish". They are slow-growing due to their quite lazy preying methods, mature late, and produce little eggs. The more sought-after larger male fish have been most affected, creating an imbalance between the genders affecting their populations further.

Taxonomy

The orange-spotted grouper was first formally described by the Scottish physician and naturalist Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762-1829) as Bola coioides in 1822 with the type locality given as the estuary of the Ganges.[7] This species closely resembles and is probably closely related to E. malabaricus and E. tauvina.[3]

Utilisation

The orange-spotted grouper is a target for commercial fisheries throughout its range where it is esteemed as a food fish. It is sold live as well as fresh and it has been attempted to culture it and breed it in aquaculture.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Amorim, P.; Choat, J.H.; Fennessy, S.; Law, C.; Ma, K.; Myers, R.F.; Nair, R.; Rhodes, K.; Sadovy, Y.; Samoilys, M.; Suharti, S.; To, A. (2018). "Epinephelus coioides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T44674A2999451. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T44674A2999451.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Epiphenelus coioides" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ^ a b c Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date (PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. p. 130-132. ISBN 92-5-103125-8.
  4. ^ a b Bray, D.J. (2019). "Epinephelus coioides". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  5. ^ Paolo Parenti & Nocola Bressi (2001). "First record of the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides (Perciformes : Serranidae) in the northern Adriatic Sea". Cybium. 25: 281–284.
  6. ^ Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Epinephelus coioides). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Epinephelus_coioides.pdf
  7. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Bola coioides". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
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Orange-spotted grouper: Brief Summary

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The orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), also known as the brown-spotted rockcod, estuary cod, estuary rockcod, goldspotted rockcod, greasy cod, North-west groper, orange spotted cod or blue-and-yellow grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It has an Indo-Pacific distribution and is found in marine and brackish waters.

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Epinephelus coioides ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Epinephelus coioides es una especie de peces de la familia Serranidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

Morfología

Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 120 cm de longitud total.[2]

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra desde el mar Rojo hasta Durban (Sudáfrica), República de Palau, Fiyi, las Islas Ryukyu , el mar de Arafura y Australia. También en la costa mar Mediterráneo de Israel.

Referencias

  1. Cornish, A. & Harmelin-Vivien, M. (Grouper & Wrasse Specialist Group) (2004). «Epinephelus coioides». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2010.4 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 20 de noviembre de 2010.
  2. FishBase (en inglés)

Bibliografía

  • Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos, 1997.
  • Hoese, D.F. 1986: A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
  • Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
  • Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

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Epinephelus coioides: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Epinephelus coioides es una especie de peces de la familia Serranidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

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Epinephelus coioides ( Basque )

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Epinephelus coioides Epinephelus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Epinephelus coioides FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Epinephelus coioides: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Epinephelus coioides Epinephelus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Narančasto pjegasta kirnja ( Croatian )

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Kirnja narančasto točkasta (lat. Epinephelus coioides) je riba iz porodice vučica. Slična je po građi drugim kirnjama a prepoznatljiva je po brojnim smeđe-narandžastim tačkicama po glavi, tijelu i perajama. Naraste do 120 cm duljine i do 15 kg težine. Najčešće obitava na kamenitom terenu, na dubinama do 100 m. Živi do 22 godine, a hrani se manjim ribama i rakovima. Često zalazi u područja bočate vode, mlađi primjerci se mogu vidjeti i na samom ušću. Vrlo je cijenjena u prehrani, a pokazala je dobre rezultate i u uzgoju.

Rasprostranjenost

Stanište ove ribe je oko istočnih obala Afrike, sve od Crvenog mora pa južno do Južnoafričke republike, zatim istočno po cijelom Indijskom oceanu, te na dijelovima Tihog oceana zapadno sve do otočja Palau i Fidži, sjeverno do otoka Ryukyu a južno sve do Australije. Prolaskom kroz Sueski kanal nastanila se u Mediteranu i njegovim morima[1].

Izvori

  1. (engl.) Orange-spotted grouper (fishbase.org)

Poveznice

Commons-logo.svgU Wikimedijinu spremniku nalazi se još gradiva na temu: Kirnja narančasto točkastaWikispecies-logo.svgWikivrste imaju podatke o: Kirnja narančasto točkasta
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Narančasto pjegasta kirnja: Brief Summary ( Croatian )

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Kirnja narančasto točkasta (lat. Epinephelus coioides) je riba iz porodice vučica. Slična je po građi drugim kirnjama a prepoznatljiva je po brojnim smeđe-narandžastim tačkicama po glavi, tijelu i perajama. Naraste do 120 cm duljine i do 15 kg težine. Najčešće obitava na kamenitom terenu, na dubinama do 100 m. Živi do 22 godine, a hrani se manjim ribama i rakovima. Često zalazi u područja bočate vode, mlađi primjerci se mogu vidjeti i na samom ušću. Vrlo je cijenjena u prehrani, a pokazala je dobre rezultate i u uzgoju.

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Kerapu muara ( Indonesian )

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Kerapu muara atau kerapu balong (Epinephelus coioides) adalah ikan laut dari suku Serranidae yang mencakup banyak jenis kerapu yang menghuni perairan Indo-Pasifik. Terdapat populasi yang menghuni Laut Merah. Ikan ini menyukai perairan dekat pantai seperti hutan mangrove (bakau), laut dangkal, terumbu karang, muara/estuarium, pantai pasang surut, dan laguna berair asin. Hewan ini terancam punah karena gangguan habitat.

Sumber

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Kerapu muara: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Kerapu muara atau kerapu balong (Epinephelus coioides) adalah ikan laut dari suku Serranidae yang mencakup banyak jenis kerapu yang menghuni perairan Indo-Pasifik. Terdapat populasi yang menghuni Laut Merah. Ikan ini menyukai perairan dekat pantai seperti hutan mangrove (bakau), laut dangkal, terumbu karang, muara/estuarium, pantai pasang surut, dan laguna berair asin. Hewan ini terancam punah karena gangguan habitat.

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Epinephelus coioides ( Italian )

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La cernia a macchie arancioni (Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822)), conosciuta commercialmente come cernia indopacifica[2], è un pesce osseo marino della famiglia Serranidae.

Descrizione

È molto simile alla cernia bruna da cui si distingue per la livrea che è beige o marrone molto chiaro con punti marrone rossastro o arancione su tutto il corpo (diversamente dalla cernia bruna che ha macchie simili ma di colore biancastro). Inoltre ci sono 5 fasce scure verticali sul corpo.

Può raggiungere il metro di lunghezza.

Biologia

Simili alla cernia bruna e alle altre cernie mediterranee.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è originaria dell'Indo-Pacifico. In seguito a migrazione lessepsiana si è diffusa nel bacino orientale del mar Mediterraneo.[1]

In mar Rosso vive prevalentemente su fondi molli a profondità tra 5 e 100 metri. Frequenta anche le acque salmastre.

Tassonomia

In passato confusa con Epinephelus tauvina , specie del mar Rosso e degli oceani Indiano e Pacifico mai ritrovata nel Mediterraneo.

Specie affini

 src=
Epinephelus malabaricus

La cernia di Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus) è un'altra cernia indo-pacifica migrante lessepsiana catturata solo raramente nel Mediterraneo orientale. Questa specie, simile a E. coioides, ha anch'essa 5 bande scure sui fianchi ma meno definite che nella cernia a macchie arancione ed è completamente coperto di macchie biancastre grandi ed irregolari e di macchiette più piccole scure.

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Amorim P. et al. 2018, Epinephelus coioides, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 31/3/2020.
  2. ^ Mipaaf - Decreto Ministeriale n°19105 del 22 settembre 2017 - Denominazioni in lingua italiana delle specie ittiche di interesse commerciale, su www.politicheagricole.it. URL consultato il 5 aprile 2018.

Bibliografia

  • Tortonese E. Osteichthyes, Calderini, 1975
  • Louisy P., Trainito E. (a cura di) Guida all'identificazione dei pesci marini d'Europa e del Mediterraneo. Milano, Il Castello, 2006. ISBN 888039472X

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Epinephelus coioides: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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La cernia a macchie arancioni (Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822)), conosciuta commercialmente come cernia indopacifica, è un pesce osseo marino della famiglia Serranidae.

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Ikan Kerapu Balong ( Malay )

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Ikan Kerapu balong atau nama saintifiknya Epinephelus coioides merupakan sejenis ikan air masin. Ia merupakan ikan dalam keluarga Serranidae. Ia terdapat di Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Kemboja, China, Djibouti, Eritrea, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jepun, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Macau, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mesir,Micronesia, Mozambique, New Caledonia, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Filipina, Qatar, Réunion, Arab Saudi, Singapura, Somalia, Afrika Selatan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Amiriah Arab Bersatu, Vietnam, dan Yaman.

Habitat semula jadinya adalah kawasan subtropika atau hutan bakau tropika, laut terbuka, laut cetek, dasar laut subtidal, terumbu karang, air payau, dataran antara pasang-surut, dan teluk persisiran masin. Ia terancam oleh kehilangan habitat.

Sumber

  • ^ Cornish, A. & Harmelin-Vivien, M. 2004. Epinephelus coioides. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 4 August 2007.
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    Ikan Kerapu Balong: Brief Summary ( Malay )

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    Ikan Kerapu balong atau nama saintifiknya Epinephelus coioides merupakan sejenis ikan air masin. Ia merupakan ikan dalam keluarga Serranidae. Ia terdapat di Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Kemboja, China, Djibouti, Eritrea, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jepun, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Macau, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mesir,Micronesia, Mozambique, New Caledonia, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Filipina, Qatar, Réunion, Arab Saudi, Singapura, Somalia, Afrika Selatan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Amiriah Arab Bersatu, Vietnam, dan Yaman.

    Habitat semula jadinya adalah kawasan subtropika atau hutan bakau tropika, laut terbuka, laut cetek, dasar laut subtidal, terumbu karang, air payau, dataran antara pasang-surut, dan teluk persisiran masin. Ia terancam oleh kehilangan habitat.

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    Epinephelus coioides ( Dutch; Flemish )

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    Vissen

    Epinephelus coioides is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van zaag- of zeebaarzen (Serranidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1822 door Hamilton.

    De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als Gevoelig, beoordelingsjaar 2004. De omvang van de populatie is volgens de IUCN dalend.[1]

    Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
    1. a b (en) Epinephelus coioides op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
    2. (en) Epinephelus coioides. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
    Geplaatst op:
    22-10-2011
    Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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    Epinephelus coioides ( Portuguese )

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    Epinephelus coioides é uma espécie de peixe da família Serranidae.

    Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Austrália, Barém, Bangladexe, Brunei, Camboja, China, Djibuti, Egito, Eritrea, Fiji, Hong Kong, Índia, Indonésia, Irão, Iraque, Israel, Japão, Jordânia, Quénia, Kuwait, Macau, Malásia, Maurícia, Micronésia, Moçambique, Nova Caledónia, Omã, Paquistão, Palau, Papua-Nova Guiné, Filipinas, Catar, Reunião, Arábia Saudita, Singapura, Somália, África do Sul, Sri Lanca, Sudão, Taiwan, Tanzânia, Tailândia, Emirados Árabes Unidos, Vietname e Iémen.

    Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas de mangal tropicais ou subtropicais, mar aberto, mar costeiro, pradarias aquáticas subtidais, recifes de coral, águas estuarinas, zonas intertidais e lagoas costeiras de água salgada.

    Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.

    Referências

    1. Amorim, P.; Choat, J.H.; Fennessy, S.; Law, C.; Ma, K.; Myers, R.F.; Nair, R.; Rhodes, K.; Sadovy, Y.; Samoilys, M.; Suharti, S.; To, A. (2018). «Epinephelus coioides». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2018: e.T44674A2999451. doi:. Consultado em 17 de novembro de 2021
    2. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Epiphenelus coioides" em FishBase. Versão December 2019.
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    Epinephelus coioides: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

    provided by wikipedia PT

    Epinephelus coioides é uma espécie de peixe da família Serranidae.

    Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Austrália, Barém, Bangladexe, Brunei, Camboja, China, Djibuti, Egito, Eritrea, Fiji, Hong Kong, Índia, Indonésia, Irão, Iraque, Israel, Japão, Jordânia, Quénia, Kuwait, Macau, Malásia, Maurícia, Micronésia, Moçambique, Nova Caledónia, Omã, Paquistão, Palau, Papua-Nova Guiné, Filipinas, Catar, Reunião, Arábia Saudita, Singapura, Somália, África do Sul, Sri Lanca, Sudão, Taiwan, Tanzânia, Tailândia, Emirados Árabes Unidos, Vietname e Iémen.

    Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas de mangal tropicais ou subtropicais, mar aberto, mar costeiro, pradarias aquáticas subtidais, recifes de coral, águas estuarinas, zonas intertidais e lagoas costeiras de água salgada.

    Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.

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    Orangefläckig grouper ( Swedish )

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    Orangefläckig grouper[3] (Epinephelus coioides) är en art i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns i södra delarna av Stilla havet och Indiska oceanen.

    Utseende

    En avlång fisk med nästan platt panna, en ryggfena som är uppdelad i en främre del med 11 taggstrålar (den 3:e eller 4:e längst) och 14 till 16 mjukstrålar, en analfena med 3 taggstrålar och 8 mjukstrålar, bröstfenor med 18 till 20 mjukstrålar samt en stjärtfena som är rundad baktill. Ovansidan är gulbrun; färgen övergår till vitaktigt mot undersidan. På huvud, kropp och de mellersta fenorna har den flera små, brunorange till rödbruna fläckar, och 5 svaga, oregelbundna, sneda, mörka ränder som är kluvna mot buksidan.[4] Som mest kan arten bli 120 cm lång och väga 15 kg.[5]

    Vanor

    Utanför parningstiden lever den orangefläckiga groupern ensam eller i små grupper i tämligen små revir. Den förekommer vanligtvis i flodmynningars brackvatten (gärna med botten av dy eller småsten[1]) och kring korallrev på dybotten, men har också iakttagits på öppet vatten ner till ett djup av 100 m. Ungfiskarna lever i flodmynningar och mangroveträsk. Födan består av fisk, kräftdjur som krabbor och räkor samt bläckfiskar.[6] Arten kan bli 22 år gammal.[5]

    Fortplantning

    Arten är en hermafrodit med könsväxling, som börjar sitt liv som hona. Denna blir könsmogen vid en längd mellan 25 och 30 cm, motsvarande en ålder av 2 till 3 år, och byter kön vid 55 till 75 cm längd (vid omkring 4 års ålder[6]. Lektiden varierar med det geografiska läget; i Persiska viken varar den från mars till juni, i södra Arabiska havet infaller den mellan mars och maj, medan den kring Nya Kaledonien varar från slutet av oktober till tidigt i december.[1] Den samlas i stora skaror under lektiden;[5] äggen är pelagiska.[4]

    Betydelse för människan

    Den orangefläckiga groupern är populär både som matfisk och bland sportfiskare.[6] Den är också vanlig bland fiskodlingar.[1]

    Status

    Arten är klassificerad som nära hotad ("NT") av IUCN, och populationen minskar. Främsta orsakerna är överfiske, inte minst genom den helt oreglerade insamlingen av ungfiskar till fiskodlingar, och habitatförlust genom att stora arealer med mangrove utrotas och korallrev skadas.[1]

    Utbredning

    Utbredningsområdet omfattar Stilla havet och Indiska oceanen från Röda havet till Sydafrika (i höjd med Durban) i sydväst, till Palau och Fiji i öst, till södra Japan (Ryukyuöarna) i norr, samt Australien i sydöst. Den har också koloniserat östra Medelhavet via Suezkanalen.[1]

    Taxonomi

    Studiet av denna art försvåras av att den taxonomiska statusen för denna art och framför allt malabargrouper (E. malabaricus), som lever i samma områden, men även i viss mån Tahiti-grouper (E. tauvina) är omtvistad.[7]

    Referenser

    1. ^ [a b c d e f] Cornish, A. & Harmelin-Vivien, M. 2004 Epinephelus coioides (på engelska). Från: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. Läst 2012-03-11.
    2. ^ Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822)” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551050. Läst 11 mars 2012.
    3. ^ Sven O Kullander (13 september 2008). ”Naturhistoriska riksmuseets databas över fisknamn”. Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Arkiverad från originalet den 14 december 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131214095552/http://artedi.nrm.se/fishnames/namefind.php?FormData=Perciformes&Verbosity=Listing&Submit=Skicka&MaxRecs=1000&Category=cOrder&Precision=%3D&Ordering=default. Läst 5 januari 2012.
    4. ^ [a b] Phillip C. Heemstra, John E. Randall (1993). ”FAO Species Catalogue – Vol 16. Groupers of the World” (på engelska) (FTP, 953 kB). FAO. sid. s. 130-132. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/t0540e/T0540E20.pdf. Läst 28 februari 2012.
    5. ^ [a b c] Capuli, Estelita Emily (15 november 2010). Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) Orange-spotted grouper” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.us/summary/Epinephelus-coioides.html. Läst 11 mars 2012.
    6. ^ [a b c] ”Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)”. ARKive - Images of Life on Earth. Arkiverad från originalet den 29 februari 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120229143414/http://www.arkive.org/orange-spotted-grouper/epinephelus-coioides/#text=All. Läst 11 mars 2012.
    7. ^ Cornish, A. 2006 Epinephelus malabaricus (på engelska). Från: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. Läst 2012-03-08.
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    Orangefläckig grouper: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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    Orangefläckig grouper (Epinephelus coioides) är en art i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns i södra delarna av Stilla havet och Indiska oceanen.

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    Cá mú đen chấm nâu ( Vietnamese )

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    Cá mú đen chấm nâu, cá mú chấm gai hay cá mú đốm cam, tên khoa học Epinephelus coioides, là một loài thuộc họ Serranidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở miền tây Thái Bình Dương, Ấn Độ Dương, và Biển Đỏ. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng sú vẹt nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, vùng biển mở, vùng biển nông, đáy nước cận triều, các vùng đô thị, vùng nước cửa sông, bãi giữa triều, và phá nước mặn ven biển. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.

    Chú thích

    Tham khảo


    Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết chủ đề bộ Cá vược này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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    Cá mú đen chấm nâu: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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    Cá mú đen chấm nâu, cá mú chấm gai hay cá mú đốm cam, tên khoa học Epinephelus coioides, là một loài thuộc họ Serranidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở miền tây Thái Bình Dương, Ấn Độ Dương, và Biển Đỏ. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng sú vẹt nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, vùng biển mở, vùng biển nông, đáy nước cận triều, các vùng đô thị, vùng nước cửa sông, bãi giữa triều, và phá nước mặn ven biển. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.

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    点带石斑鱼 ( Chinese )

    provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
    二名法 Epinephelus coioides
    Hamilton, 1822[1]

    点带石斑鱼学名Epinephelus coioides),又称斜带石斑鱼,青斑。为輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鮨科石斑鱼属鱼类。分布于印度西太平洋區,從紅海斐濟,北從琉球群島,南迄阿拉弗拉海海域,棲息深度可達100公尺,體長可達120公分,生活在水質混濁的礁石區海域、半鹹水域,屬肉食性,以甲殼類魚類為食,可做為食用魚及養殖魚。该物种的模式产地在恒河口。[1]

    参考文献

    1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 点带石斑鱼. 中国动物物种编目数据库. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).

    扩展阅读

     src= 維基物種中有關点带石斑鱼的數據

    小作品圖示这是一篇與鱸形目相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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    点带石斑鱼: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

    provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

    点带石斑鱼(学名:Epinephelus coioides),又称斜带石斑鱼,青斑。为輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鮨科石斑鱼属鱼类。分布于印度西太平洋區,從紅海斐濟,北從琉球群島,南迄阿拉弗拉海海域,棲息深度可達100公尺,體長可達120公分,生活在水質混濁的礁石區海域、半鹹水域,屬肉食性,以甲殼類魚類為食,可做為食用魚及養殖魚。该物种的模式产地在恒河口。

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    Description

    provided by World Register of Marine Species
    Inhabits continental shores and large islands. Taken offshore to depths of 100 m. Feeds on small fishes, shrimps, and crabs.

    Reference

    Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).

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