Salviat

鼠尾草属是唇形科下最大的一个属，包括大约1000种植物^[1]，广泛分布在全球各地的温带和热带地区，既有草本也有灌木或亚灌木，大多数品种集中在亚洲。 ^[2]其中有许多品种可以入药或作为观赏花卉。^[3]

鼠尾草属植物的花有明显特点，其花萼钟形，分为两唇，上唇有三齿，下唇有二齿；花冠筒形，也分为两唇，上唇完整，下唇有三裂，中裂最长；有两个能育雄蕊和两个退化的不育雄蕊；果实为小坚果。

该属植物杠杆状雄蕊（lever-like stamen）结构与传粉者形成了杠杆式背部传粉（dorsal pollination）的互作机制^[4]。

主要品种

• 翅柄葉鼠尾草 Salvia alatipetiolata（翅柄鼠尾草）
• 白鼠尾草 Salvia apiana
• Salvia argentea - Silver clary, Silver sage.
• Salvia arizonica - Arizona sage, Desert indigo sage, a purple-flowering annual.
• Salvia austriaca - Austrian sage.
• Salvia azurea - Blue sage, Azure blue sage; very big bright blue flowers.
• Salvia candelabrum - a blue-flowering scented sage.
• Salvia clevelandii - Blue sage, Cleveland sage, Fragrant sage.
• 朱唇 Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr., 1778
• 飞鸽鼠尾草 Salvia columbariae
• 圆苞鼠尾草 (Salvia cyclostegia)
• Salvia discolor
• Salvia divinorum - Diviner's sage.
• Salvia dorrii - Ute Tobacco Sage (mild hallucinogen when smoked)
• 凤梨鼠尾草 Salvia elegans
• 蓝花鼠尾草 Salvia farinacea - Benth.
• 臺灣紫花鼠尾草 Salvia fulgens - Salvia formosana (Murata) Yamazaki 1969 （蕨葉紫花鼠尾草）
• Salvia fulgens - Cardinal sage, Mexican red sage, a red-flowering perennial
• Salvia funerea – Death Valley sage
• Salvia glutinosa
• Salvia greggii - Autumn sage, a red-flowered sage with a very strong scent
• Salvia guaranitica - Anise sage or hummingbird sage.
• 早田氏鼠尾草 Salvia hayatana Makino ex Hayata, 1919
• 芡欧鼠尾草 Salvia hispanica - the Chia of commerce.
• 鼠尾草 Salvia japonica Thunb. ex Murray, 1784（日本紫花鼠尾草）
• 隱藥鼠尾草 Salvia keitaoensis Hayata, 1919
• Salvia leucantha - Mexican bush sage, velvety spikes of violet-purple and white, 3' tall.
• Salvia leucophylla - Purple sage.
• Salvia libanotica - Mediterranean or middle eastern sage
• Salvia longistyla - Mexican sage.
• Salvia lyrata - Lyre-leaved sage, Lyreleaf sage.
• Salvia mexicana - Mexican sage, medium blue to violet and lavender, 8' to 10' tall.
• Salvia microphylla
• 丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
• Salvia nemorosa - Meadow sage
• 黃花鼠尾草 Salvia nipponica Miq. var. formosana (Hayata) Kudo 1929
• 藥用鼠尾草 Salvia officinalis
• 節毛鼠尾草 Salvia plebeia R. Brown, 1810
• 龍膽鼠尾草（長蕊鼠尾草）Salvia patens - a blue-flowering sage.
• Salvia polystachya - Chia sage, Chia seed.
• Salvia potus - Chia.
• Salvia pratensis - Meadow clary or Meadow sage.
• Salvia roemeriana - Cedar Sage; this species prefers shady moist areas
• 卵葉鼠尾草 Salvia scapiformis Hance, 1885
• Salvia sclarea - Clary or Clary sage.
• Salvia spathacea - Pitcher sage or Hummingbird sage.
• 一串红 Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.
• Salvia superba
• 田代氏鼠尾草 Salvia tashiroi Hayata, 1917
• Salvia transylvanica
• Salvia uliginosa
• Salvia verbenaca - Wild clary, Wild sage.
• Salvia verticillata - Whorled clary, Lilac sage, a white- or blue-flowering perennial with the scent of Clary.
• Salvia viridis (syn. S. horminum) - Annual clary..

应用

鼠尾草属的拉丁名称来源与拉丁语的“治疗”（salvare）一词，在古代的地中海和小亚细亚半岛早已经应用其作为草药。^[5]其中丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza）是重要的中药，而美洲的印第安人也早已经知道用鼠尾草属植物作为草药，部分芳香品种还可以提取芳香油。^[6][7][8][9]

参考文献

• A Book of Salvias: Sages for Every Garden by Betsy Clebsch, Timber Press, 1997, ISBN 0-88192-369-9. An excellent reference on salvias. Also, an updated (2004 edition) is available.
• Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M. R. 2003, Salvia Officinalis extract in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A double blind and placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 140, p22P-22P, 1/2p

外部链接

• USDA on Genus Salvia
• ITIS
• Template:Plantarium