الأسماء في صفحات التنقل
Don kuyasi (Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.) — xavfli ombor zarrarkunandasi. Qurti (lichinkasi) makkajoʻxori soʻtalari, arpa, sholi, bugʻdoy, javdar, shuningdek, suli, oq joʻxori va dukkakli ekinlar donini shikastlaydi. Kapalagi 6—9 mm, kanoti yozilganda 11 — 19 mm. Oldingi qanotlari uchli, uchida ingichka tillarang popugi bor, kanoti asosidan qora chiziq oʻtgan. Qurti 7—8 mm, oqish, boshi qoʻngʻir, harakatchan, don magʻzini yeb, shu joyda gʻumbakka aylanadi. Gʻumbagi 6—6,5 mm, rangi toʻq qoʻngʻir. D. k. pillaga oʻralgan qurtlik holida qishlaydi, koʻklamda gʻumbakka aylanadi. Gʻumbaklik davri 10—15 kunga boradi, keyin kapalakka aylanib, urgʻochisi don yuzasiga 200 tagacha tuxum qoʻyadi. Bir yilda 5—8 nasl beradi. Tuxumi rivojlanishi uchun 27— 28° harorat va don namligi 12%dan yuqori boʻlishi kerak. Tuxumdan 10—15 kunda qurt chiqadi, don bilan ovqatlanadi, Kuzda omborning devor va poliga oʻrmalab chiqib, pilla oʻraydi. Oʻzbekistonning janubiy r-nlarida dala ekinlariga ham zarar yetkazadi.
Kurash choralari: ombor ichi, asbobuskunalar yangi hosil qabul qilinguncha insektitsidlar va b. pre-paratlar suspenziyasi yoki ularning emulsiyasi bilan dorilanadi, eshik va derazalari zich yopilib, metil bromid, xlorpikrin yoki dixloretan preparatlari bilan dezinfeksiya qilinadi.
Lutfi Mirmaqsudova.
Don kuyasi (Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.) — xavfli ombor zarrarkunandasi. Qurti (lichinkasi) makkajoʻxori soʻtalari, arpa, sholi, bugʻdoy, javdar, shuningdek, suli, oq joʻxori va dukkakli ekinlar donini shikastlaydi. Kapalagi 6—9 mm, kanoti yozilganda 11 — 19 mm. Oldingi qanotlari uchli, uchida ingichka tillarang popugi bor, kanoti asosidan qora chiziq oʻtgan. Qurti 7—8 mm, oqish, boshi qoʻngʻir, harakatchan, don magʻzini yeb, shu joyda gʻumbakka aylanadi. Gʻumbagi 6—6,5 mm, rangi toʻq qoʻngʻir. D. k. pillaga oʻralgan qurtlik holida qishlaydi, koʻklamda gʻumbakka aylanadi. Gʻumbaklik davri 10—15 kunga boradi, keyin kapalakka aylanib, urgʻochisi don yuzasiga 200 tagacha tuxum qoʻyadi. Bir yilda 5—8 nasl beradi. Tuxumi rivojlanishi uchun 27— 28° harorat va don namligi 12%dan yuqori boʻlishi kerak. Tuxumdan 10—15 kunda qurt chiqadi, don bilan ovqatlanadi, Kuzda omborning devor va poliga oʻrmalab chiqib, pilla oʻraydi. Oʻzbekistonning janubiy r-nlarida dala ekinlariga ham zarar yetkazadi.
Kurash choralari: ombor ichi, asbobuskunalar yangi hosil qabul qilinguncha insektitsidlar va b. pre-paratlar suspenziyasi yoki ularning emulsiyasi bilan dorilanadi, eshik va derazalari zich yopilib, metil bromid, xlorpikrin yoki dixloretan preparatlari bilan dezinfeksiya qilinadi.
Lutfi Mirmaqsudova.
Амбар иген көйәһе [1] − ҡоротҡос күбәләк. Аҙыҡ-түлек келәттәре, ашлыҡ амбарҙары, элеваторҙар, тирмәндәрҙә тереклек итә.
Ҡанат йәйеме 20-25 мм, алғы ҡанаттары - һоро төҫтә, китекле ике аҡ һыҙығы һәм ҡара төҫтәге буй-буй арҡыры һыҙыҡтары һәм нөктәләре бар. Ҡортоноң оҙонлоғо 20 мм-ға етә, асыҡ-һары, алһыу, ҡайһы ваҡыт йәшкелт төҫтә була. Башлыса он, ярма, сохари һ.б. ашамлыҡтарҙы зарарлай. Он көйәһе (Pуralis farinalis) бөтә ерҙә таралған, ҡанат йәйеме 30 мм-ға етә, алғы ҡанаттары - ҡанат төбендә һәм осонда шәмәхә-көрән, уртада көлһыу-һоро һыҙыҡ үтә, артҡы ҡанаттары ҡараңғы һоро төҫтә, борылма һыҙыҡлы. Йыл быйына көйәләрҙең 5 быуыны үҫеп өлгерә. Ҡортоноң оҙонлоғо 20 мм-ға етә, һарғылт-аҡ төҫтә, һирәк кенә ҡыҫҡа һыҙыҡтар менән ҡапланған; ашлык, он, ярма, бесән, көрпә һәм кондитер аҙыҡтарын зарарлай.
Амбар иген көйәһе − ҡоротҡос күбәләк. Аҙыҡ-түлек келәттәре, ашлыҡ амбарҙары, элеваторҙар, тирмәндәрҙә тереклек итә.
Ҡанат йәйеме 20-25 мм, алғы ҡанаттары - һоро төҫтә, китекле ике аҡ һыҙығы һәм ҡара төҫтәге буй-буй арҡыры һыҙыҡтары һәм нөктәләре бар. Ҡортоноң оҙонлоғо 20 мм-ға етә, асыҡ-һары, алһыу, ҡайһы ваҡыт йәшкелт төҫтә була. Башлыса он, ярма, сохари һ.б. ашамлыҡтарҙы зарарлай. Он көйәһе (Pуralis farinalis) бөтә ерҙә таралған, ҡанат йәйеме 30 мм-ға етә, алғы ҡанаттары - ҡанат төбендә һәм осонда шәмәхә-көрән, уртада көлһыу-һоро һыҙыҡ үтә, артҡы ҡанаттары ҡараңғы һоро төҫтә, борылма һыҙыҡлы. Йыл быйына көйәләрҙең 5 быуыны үҫеп өлгерә. Ҡортоноң оҙонлоғо 20 мм-ға етә, һарғылт-аҡ төҫтә, һирәк кенә ҡыҫҡа һыҙыҡтар менән ҡапланған; ашлык, он, ярма, бесән, көрпә һәм кондитер аҙыҡтарын зарарлай.
The Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella) is a species of the Gelechiidae moth family, commonly referred to as the "rice grain moth". It is most abundant in the temperate or tropical climates of India, China, South Africa, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, Egypt and Nigeria, with its location of origin being currently unknown. It is most commonly associated as a pest of field and stored cereal grains as they burrow within the kernel grains of crop plants, rendering them unusable for human consumption. By laying eggs between the grains themselves and hatching at a later time, often during the processing, transportation or storage stages, the moth can be transported to households or countries presently free of Angoumois grain moth infestations. Thus, constant protection against the Angoumois grain moth is required for grain up till the time of consumption.[1]
Its common name refers to Angoumois, the pre-revolutionary province of France from which it was first scientifically described by G.-A. Olivier in 1789. The province was transformed into the present-day Charente département the following year, and as it has since turned out[2] the species is not originally native to western France.
The ovoid eggs are initially white when laid, but soon turn towards a shade of red and measure approximately 2 millimetres (3⁄32 in) long.[3] Though rarely seen due to their growth stages taking place within a single grain, larvae of the Angoumois grain moth are yellowish-white with a small yellowish-brown head[4] and 10–15 millimetres (3⁄8–9⁄16 in) in length. The average lifespan of the adult Angoumois grain moth is 15 days,[5] with a maximum of 30 days if living under the optimal temperature.[6] Adult Angoumois grain moths have a wingspan from 10–15 millimetres (13⁄32–19⁄32 in) and a body length of 5–10 millimetres (3⁄16–13⁄32 in).[7] Like most moths, they have 4 wings, 6 legs and are brownish-grey, or pale brown in colour. They exhibit dark spots on their tapering forewings, about two-thirds from the base of their wings. Their uniquely curved hind wings give them a distinguishing characteristic from other moths, with hairs along the edge of the wings.[8] The forewings are golden-yellow, with their light grey hind wings giving the whole moth an overall brown colour. Adult males are differentiated by a black thin and pointed abdomen whereas adult females express a colourless bulky and long abdomen.[9]
The Angoumois grain moth is mostly found in warmer climates. But the smaller populations of the moth have been documented in colder climates, such as Russia, with several recordings of their presence in imported products in the United Kingdom, however the moth has not established itself there.[10] The optimal temperature at which it can survive is around 30 °C (86 °F), with a relatively high humidity of around 75% providing optimal conditions for hatching.[11] Generally, the moth’s habitat is predominantly situated within areas of agricultural development and agroecosystems.[12]
The Angoumois grain moth's behavioural adaptations include the depositing of eggs on or close to a grain source, which the larvae then use as a food source as well as for protection.[13] The adult moths, like all moth species, have an attraction to light (positive phototaxis) for competing reasons that are continuing to be debated. The moth in its larval stage creates an entrance hole within a grain, covering it after entry. After the process of pupation, an adult exit hole is created, from which it then emerges.[14] These moths are typically known to be more active at low temperatures resulting in increased feeding activity in the winter months. Though typically a single larva will develop and feed on a single grain, cereal plants that produce kernel grains with high nutrient availability such as corn can provide for as many as three larvae.[15] The moth can survive in both damaged grains and smaller grains such as millet, however, it has a preference for larger, nutrient-rich grains.[16] Larvae burrow into the germ area of the grain where the thick bran acts as protection against predators whilst the germ itself provides a nutrient abundant food source.[17] Larvae also exhibit the behaviour of producing silky tunnels between kernels in the storage of grains that have no external barrier, allowing for the larvae to travel freely between its food sources.[18]
The larvae and adults of the Angoumois grain moth feed on the seeds and kernels of cereal crops: most commonly wheat, barley, sorghum, rice, rye, triticale and maize.[19] The standard diet requirements for the larvae consists of corn starch, glycerol, casein, yeast, and wheat germ found within the reproductive products of cereal crops.[20] The adults, however, do not feed themselves and instead just reproduce, meaning it is only the larva that actually deal damage directly.[21] More unusually, the caterpillars have been recorded[22] to eat other dry plant matter, such as plant specimens stored in herbaria.[23]
The life cycle of the Angoumois grain moth begins from an egg, hatching into burrowing larvae that feed on the cereal grain or seed. Pupation then occurs, where the larva is sheltered in a silk cocoon within a grain and after 10 days or as little as 5 days, emerges as an Adult moth.[24] Time elapsed for the life cycle from egg to adult is 35-40 days under optimal conditions.[25] The female moths lay on average 40 eggs either grouped or singular in one incubation cycle, with a potential egg-laying capacity of before the end of the female’s life cycle.[26] Egg incubation, rate of survival and fertility of the Angoumois grain moth is highly dependent on climatic conditions, chiefly temperature, and humidity.[27]
The natural threats to the Angoumois grain moth are pathogens, parasites, and predators of which there are a plethora of species, including birds, bats and insects. Each of these has varying degrees of impact against the moth and are instrumental in the population control of the species.[28] The Angoumois grain moth, despite being considered a pest, acts as a food source within ecosystems for the bird, bat and insect populations. The natural predators of the moth’s eggs and larvae are almost exclusively parasites and pathogens, most notably Pteromalus cerealellae and Blattisocius tarsalis which consume the eggs, while the Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium is a prominent example of a pathogen that naturally occurs in the environment and kills the moth in its larval stage. The majority of predators that feed on the Angoumois grain moth feed on the moth in its adult stage but do not do so during its other stages of life, with the exception of Blattisocius tarsalis which consumes the eggs.[29] When present in the same environment, other insects such as Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum, the population of the moth decreases as opposed to when the moth is the dominant species. This phenomenon is the result of interspecific competition the moth can encounter in the environment and suggests that the moth does not have the ability to outcompete other pest insects. The Angoumois grain moth indirectly provides a food source to some insects by producing broken grains left after pupation and emergence of adult moths which are then consumed by those species.[30]
The impacts to the grain by the moth in its larval stage produces physical damage to the grain, loss of nutritional value, and the inability for the infested seeds to germinate. The discolouration and unpleasant odour of grains is symptomatic of Angoumois grain moth infestation,[31] however there are no noticeable indications until just prior to the pupation stage, when a translucent window can be seen on the grain, caused by the larva borrowing a small chamber within it. The moth infestation of crops with multiple applications like maize can also damage the availability of other products such as textiles, plastics, dyes and adhesives.[32] Grains that are bored into by the moth larvae can no longer germinate.[33] The impact of untreated infestations can be a major threat to agricultural production. For example, some agricultural zones of China were calculated to have lost as much as 40% of their wheat and rice yields due to Angoumois grain moth infestations.[34] Angoumois grain moth is synanthropic, tending not to migrate individually and are predominantly introduced to a new environment from larvae previously placed within the grain before storage.[35] Moths found inside private homes are usually the Indianmeal moth and are rarely the Angoumois grain moth. However, home infestations can occur and can result from the development of eggs or larvae within household products such as flour or pet food such as birdseed.[36]
The use of Integrated pest management strategies[37] is the integration of various strategies that are often used to prevent or remove infestations of pest species from the agroecosystems. Strategies for combating infestation of the Angoumois grain moth differ widely in efficacy and utility based on regional regulations, wealth and access to specific chemicals or equipment. The cleaning of equipment, removal of crop stubble, destruction of infested grain and the correct storage of grain in aerated low moisture environments will reduce the likelihood of future infestations.[38] The application of chemical amendments to cereal crops for the prevention of infestation continues to be widely used. The use of fumigation (eg: Phosphine) followed by insecticides (eg: methacrifos) on maize has shown to be very effective in the elimination of moth infestation.[39] However, the emergence of natural immunity with the over-application of insecticides has been reported to occur, with some populations of the Angoumois grain moth becoming resistant to certain chemicals.[40] The use of pesticides must also be timed based on the harvest season, where the chemical application must be appropriately distant from the harvest to avoid chemical contamination of the produce. Insecticide application can produce harmful sublethal effects on the moth species, most notably the reduction in its ability to produce new healthy offspring. Over time this may result in a reduction in the moth’s fertility and population. The use of insecticides may, however, incur biomagnification in the natural predators of the Angoumois grain moth such as birds, which can produce sub-lethal or lethal effects on these species.[41] Natural amendments to cereal crops are used to avoid the dangers of chemical use and the expenses associated with its use. Biogas from cattle manure and dried sage leaves on cereal crops are both used as natural measures to combat the Angoumois grain moth.[42]
The use of genetically modified organisms is a method of preventing Angoumois grain moth infestation by providing a genetically added resistance to infestation. An example of a moth resistant crop is BT Corn (Bacillus thuringiensis), where the corn naturally produces the larvicidal toxin present in Bacillus thuringiensis, eliminating the need for natural or chemical measures. Though GMO application has been successfully augmenting yields globally, concerns exist regarding the possible toxin effects on non-target species in the ecosystem.[43] Moreover, GMOs lack of genetic variation, increasing vulnerability to disease. The introduction of parasites, pathogens or natural predators of the moth is a biological method that will reduce the abundance of moths. Physical barriers such as netting covers may reduce the potential for future infestations.[44]
Junior synonyms of the Angoumois grain moth are:
A specimen collected by CSIRO 
An Angoumois grain moth larva The Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella) is a species of the Gelechiidae moth family, commonly referred to as the "rice grain moth". It is most abundant in the temperate or tropical climates of India, China, South Africa, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, Egypt and Nigeria, with its location of origin being currently unknown. It is most commonly associated as a pest of field and stored cereal grains as they burrow within the kernel grains of crop plants, rendering them unusable for human consumption. By laying eggs between the grains themselves and hatching at a later time, often during the processing, transportation or storage stages, the moth can be transported to households or countries presently free of Angoumois grain moth infestations. Thus, constant protection against the Angoumois grain moth is required for grain up till the time of consumption.
Sitotroga cerealella, también conocida como alucita de los cereales, palomilla de los cereales, entre otros[1] es una especie de Gelechioidea. Es la especie tipo de su género: Sitotroga, ubicada en la subfamilia Pexicopiinae de la familia Gelechiidae. Anteriormente, estaba incluida en la subfamilia Chelariinae, que los autores más recientes no separan de Pexicopiinae y normalmente incluso no se considera una tribu distinta (Chelariini) dentro de ellos.[2]
El color de los adultos es de un gris pardusco, con las alas plegadas miden 5 a 7 mm, presentan una envergadura de 10 a 16 mm.[1]Las polillas adultas no se alimentan; ponen sus huevos en los granos no infestados y mueren rápidamente. Sus alas posteriores se estrechan bruscamente en parte están bordeadas con pelos largos y forman una "V" que es una marca distintiva.
Las larvas tienen piezas bucales masticadoras mientras que los adultos tienen una espiritrompa.
Sus orugas se alimentan en granos de arroz asiático (Oryza sativa), mijo perla (Pennisetum glaucum), sorgo bicolor (Sorghum bicolor), trigos (Triticum) y maíz (Zea mays). Son transportadas dentro de las semillas de la planta huésped y dentro de la cáscara. Debido a esto, esta polilla es una plaga de cereales almacenados. Más inusualmente, las orugas han sido registradas comiendo otras plantas secas, como especímenes de plantas almacenados en herbarios.[3][4]
Tiene una distribución casi global, incluyendo esencialmente toda Europa[5] así como lugares tan lejanos como Australia,[4] Benín, Brasil, China,[4] Indonesia, Japón, Samoa[4] y los Estados Unidos. Esto se debe a sus hábitos sinantrópicos, que le permiten ser fácilmente transportado en envíos internacionales de grano.
Los procedimientos de almacenamiento modernos han reducido los problemas con este insecto. La mariposa es sensible a temperaturas bajas y altas (40°C). Estas plagas son incapaces de alimentarse o reproducirse a temperaturas por debajo de 17°C. Se pueden usar temperaturas más bajas para controlar estos insectos. Por ejemplo, el desarrollo de las plagas de insectos (cualquier grado) de grano almacenado se detendrá si se expone a una temperatura de -5°C durante 12 semanas o 1 semana a -20°C.[cita requerida]
Sinónimos de Sitotroga cereallela:
Sitotroga cerealella, también conocida como alucita de los cereales, palomilla de los cereales, entre otros es una especie de Gelechioidea. Es la especie tipo de su género: Sitotroga, ubicada en la subfamilia Pexicopiinae de la familia Gelechiidae. Anteriormente, estaba incluida en la subfamilia Chelariinae, que los autores más recientes no separan de Pexicopiinae y normalmente incluso no se considera una tribu distinta (Chelariini) dentro de ellos.
Sitotroga cerealella
Sitotroga cerealella (alucite des céréales ou teigne des céréales, mite angoumoise du grain, papillon de l'Angoumois) est une espèce de lépidoptères de la famille des Gelechiidae, à répartition cosmopolite.
C'est un insecte ravageur qui s'attaque aux grains de céréales (maïs, blé, orge, riz, etc.) aussi bien dans les épis au champ que dans les magasins d'entreposage (greniers, silos...). Il se rencontre dans toutes les régions tempérées à chaudes et tropicales du monde.
Selon Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS)[1] :
L'insecte adulte gris brunâtre est un papillon de 15 mm d'envergure environ. Les papillons adultes ne se nourrissent pas, ils pondent leurs œufs sur les grains non infestés et meurent rapidement.
Ses ailes postérieures qui se rétrécissent brusquement à un certain point sont frangées de longs poils et forment un « V » distinctif en forme de marquage.
Les larves ont des pièces buccales broyeuses tandis que les adultes ont une trompe suceuse.
Les larves percent et dévore l'endosperme et le germe du grain.
Les papillons pondent leurs œufs sur les épis de blé ou de maïs en culture ou sur les grains entreposés.
Les larves se nourrissent et se développent entièrement à l'intérieur des grains. Avant la nymphose, elles percent un trou de sortie circulaire caractéristique dans le tégument.
La reproduction est optimale en présence de températures comprises entre 16 et 35 °C et d’une humidité relative supérieure à 30 %.
Les femelles déposent jusqu’à 150 œufs à la surface des grains ou dans des anfractuosités, individuellement ou en groupes. Les œufs virent au rouge à l’approche de l’éclosion.
La chenille est blanche mais vire au jaune pâle à maturité. Elle mesure environ 5 mm de longueur. Le développement est optimal à des températures comprises entre 26 et 30 °C et en présence d’une humidité relative de 75 %. Il dure normalement 30 à 60 jours, mais il ne dure que 30 jours à 30 °C et en présence d’une humidité relative de 75 %. Le cycle évolutif est habituellement bouclé en 5 à 6 semaines.
L'aire de répartition de Sitotroga cerealella est quasi-cosmopolite aujourd'hui, et comprend la presque totalité de l'Europe[2], ainsi que des zones aussi éloignées que l'Australie, le Bénin, le Brésil, la Chine, l'Indonésie, le Japon, les îles Samoa et les États-Unis[1]. Cela s'explique par un comportement synanthropique, qui lui permet d'être facilement transporté grâce aux échanges internationaux de céréales
Son nom vernaculaire en anglais, Angoumois Grain Moth, fait référence à l'Angoumois, province de France pré-révolutionnaire, où cet insecte fut décrit scientifiquement par Guillaume-Antoine Olivier en 1789. La province est devenue l'année suivante l'actuel département de la Charente, et comme cela a été montré depuis[1] l'origine de l'espèce ne se situe pas dans l'Ouest de la France.
Les procédures de stockage modernes ont réduit les problèmes avec cet insecte. Le papillon est sensible aux températures basses et hautes (+40 °C). Ces insectes ravageurs sont incapables de se nourrir ou de se reproduire à des températures inférieures à +17 °C. Des températures encore plus basses peuvent servir à éliminer les insectes. Par exemple, le développement des insectes nuisibles (de tout stade) du grain entreposé s'arrêtera s'ils sont exposés à une température de −5 °C pendant 12 semaines ou 1 semaine à −20 °C.
Sitotroga cerealella
Sitotroga cerealella (alucite des céréales ou teigne des céréales, mite angoumoise du grain, papillon de l'Angoumois) est une espèce de lépidoptères de la famille des Gelechiidae, à répartition cosmopolite.
C'est un insecte ravageur qui s'attaque aux grains de céréales (maïs, blé, orge, riz, etc.) aussi bien dans les épis au champ que dans les magasins d'entreposage (greniers, silos...). Il se rencontre dans toutes les régions tempérées à chaudes et tropicales du monde.
La tignola del grano (Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv., 1789)) è un lepidottero della famiglia Gelechiidae.
De graanmot (Sitotroga cerealella) is een vlinder uit de familie tastermotten (Gelechiidae). De wetenschappelijke naam is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1789 door Olivier.
De soort komt voor in Europa.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Skośnik zbożowiaczek (Sitotroga cerealella) – gatunek ćmy, powszechnie uważanej za szkodnika. Żywi się produktami zbożowymi[2].
Rozpiętość skrzydeł tego zwierzęcia wynosi od 10 do 16 mm, a długość ciała ok. 6 mm. Skrzydła, zarówno tylne jak i przednie, ma wąskie i ostro zakończone[3].
Dorosły osobnik żyje około dwa miesiące[2].
Samica składa około trzystu jaj bezpośrednio na zboże. Te mają wymiary ok. 0,6 x 0,3 mm. Gąsienica po wykluciu ma wielkość około 1 mm[3].
Skośnik zbożowiaczek (Sitotroga cerealella) – gatunek ćmy, powszechnie uważanej za szkodnika. Żywi się produktami zbożowymi.
A traça-dos-cereais (Sitotroga cerealella) é uma espécie de inseto lepidóptero, mais especificamente de traças, pertencente à família Gelechiidae.[1]
A autoridade científica da espécie é Olivier, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1789.
Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.
A traça-dos-cereais (Sitotroga cerealella) é uma espécie de inseto lepidóptero, mais especificamente de traças, pertencente à família Gelechiidae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é Olivier, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1789.
Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.
Koruzni molj (znanstveno ime Sitotroga cerealella) je metuljček iz družine drevesnih veščic, ki velja za škodljivca poljščin.
Odrasla žuželka meri preko kril med 13 in 20 mm, je svetlo rjave barve in ima svetla, rumenkasto rjava krila. Zadnji par kril je sive barve, na koncu klinaste oblike ter je obdan z resicami. Samice navadno odlagajo jajčeca med zrnje na koruznih storžih. Po izleganju se gosenice, ki v dolžino dosežejo okoli 6 mm, zavrtajo in se nato razvijajo v notranjosti zrn. Za razliko od ostalih vrst moljev gosenice koruznega molja v žitu ne delajo zapredkov. Razvoj gosenic traja od 30 do 50 dni, nato se zabubijo. Po 5 do 10 dneh se iz bub razvijejo odrasli metulji, ki izletajo iz vhodnih izvrtin v zrnju. Koruzni molj ima v Sloveniji običajno od dva do štiri rodove letno.[1]
Velja za velikega škodljivca skladiščenega žita. Gre za izrazito polifagno vrsto, saj se gosenice koruznega molja hranijo z zrnjem azijskega riža (Oryza sativa), bisernega prosa (Pennisetum glaucum), sirka (Sorghum bicolor), pšenic (Triticum) in koruze (Zea mays). Zabeleženi so tudi primeri, ko so se gosenice[2] hranile z drugimi biološkimi snovmi. Tako so zabeleženi primeri gosenic na herbarijskih rastlinah.[3]
Koruzni molj (znanstveno ime Sitotroga cerealella) je metuljček iz družine drevesnih veščic, ki velja za škodljivca poljščin.
Схожа на кімнатну міль; жовтого кольору, голова біла, розмах крил 10-16 міліметрів[1]. Передні крила вузькі, з гострими верхівками, від сіруватожовтого до солом'яножовтого кольору з домішками коричневих лусочок. Задні крила вузькі з гострими верхівками, сріблястосірі. Бахрома передніх і задніх крил широка. Яйце розміром 0,5 міліметра, овальне, свіжовідкладене — біле, в подальшому — жовте. Гусениця, що тільки відродилась, червонувата, а яка завершила розвиток — біла або жовта, ноги слабо розвинені, довжина тіла до 6 міліметрів завдовжки[2]. Лялечка — 6-6,5 міліметра, жовта, кінець черевця з трьома тупими шипиками та рідкими тонкими волосками.
Зимують гусениці й лялечки в зернівках. Самки відкладають яйця по одному на зерно, найчастіше в борозенку. Плодючість — до 200 яєць. Гусениці, що відроджуються через 7 — 8 діб, дуже рухливі й активно розшукують зручне місце для проникнення в зернівку. Проникнувши в неї, гусениця живиться її вмістом, вигризаючи при цьому порожнину. Весь розвиток гусениці відбувається в зерні, там же вона й заляльковується. У одній зернівці пшениці або ячменю буває тільки одна гусениця, а в зерні кукурудзи — дві-три. Вхідний отвір вузький, біля нього завжди є залишки екскрементів. Перед заляльковуванням гусениця розширює отвір, затягуючи його павутиною. При виході метелика лялечка з зерна не висувається. Оптимальною для розвитку шкідника в усіх стадіях є температура 27 — 28 °C. Увесь цикл розвитку при 14,3 °C триває 113 діб, при 21 °C — 35, при 27,5 °C — 28 діб. Вологість зерна нижче 14% спричинює загибель яєць і гусениць. У зерносховищах може розвиватися до 8 поколінь за рік. У полі на півдні ареалу розвивається до двох поколінь.
Чисельність зернової молі та її шкодочинність істотно знижують хижаки та паразити. Найвідоміші ентомофаги зернової молі: пузатий кліщ — Pyemotes ventricosus Nev. , рудий борошноїд — Laemophloeus testaceus F. (ряд Coleoptera), трихограма — Trichogramma sp., габроцитус — Habrocytus cerealella Ash. та птеромалюс — Pteromalus gelechiae Web. (ряд Hymenoptera).
Гусениці гинуть як від високих, так і від низьких температур. Прогрівання зерна до 60 °C вбиває яйця через 5 хв, а гусениць через 60 — 90 хв. Низькі температури діють повільніше: охолодження зерна до температури нижче −10 °C знезаражує його впродовж двох — трьох діб. Основне значення мають профілактичні заходи: очищення й хімічна дезінсекція складів перед завантаженням.
Моль зерновая[1], или моль хлебная[1], или моль ячменная[1], или амбарная зерновая моль[2] (лат. Sitotroga cerealella) — бабочка из семейства выемчатокрылых молей.
Похожа на комнатную моль; жёлтого цвета, голова белая, размах крыльев 10-16 мм. Передние крылья узкие, с острыми вершинами, от серовато-жёлтого до соломенно-жёлтого цвета с примесью коричневых чешуек. Задние крылья узкие с острыми вершинами, серебристо-серые. Бахрома передних и задних крыльев широкая. Яйцо размером 0,5 миллиметра, овальное, свежеотложенное — белое, в дальнейшем — жёлтое. Гусеница, которая только появилась, красноватая, а завершившая развитие — белая или жёлтая, ноги слабо развиты, длина тела до 6 мм. Куколка — 6—6,5 мм, жёлтая, конец брюшка с тремя тупыми шипиками и редкими тонкими волосками.
Моль зерновая распространена во всей Европе, а также в Австралии, Бенине, Бразилии, Китае, Индонезии, Японии, Самоа и Соединенных Штатах.
Гусеницы питаются зёрнами риса (Oryza sativa), Pennisetum glaucum, дурры (Sorghum bicolor), пшеницы (Triticum) и кукурузы (Zea mays).
Гусеницы погибают как от высоких, так и от низких температур. Прогревание зерна до 60° C убивает яйца через 5 мин, а гусениц через 60—90 мин. Низкие температуры действуют медленнее: охлаждение зерна до температуры ниже −10° C обеззараживает его в течение двух—трёх суток. Основное значение имеют профилактические мероприятия: очистка и химическая дезинсекция складов перед загрузкой.
Численность зерновой моли и её вредоносность существенно снижают хищники и паразиты. Энтомофаги зерновой моли: клещ Pyemotes ventricosus, жук Laemophloeus testaceus, трихограмма Trichogramma, Habrocytus cerealella и птеромалюс Pteromalus gelechiae.
Моль зерновая, или моль хлебная, или моль ячменная, или амбарная зерновая моль (лат. Sitotroga cerealella) — бабочка из семейства выемчатокрылых молей.
バクガ（麦蛾 Sitotroga cerealella）は、鱗翅目・キバガ科に属するガの一種。
1センチほどの小さなガ。全体的に黄褐色か灰色をしている。コメ、トウモロコシ、コムギなどの穀物を食べる害虫として有名である。幼虫の体長は約1センチ。
国外ではほとんどの地域で亜種が見られる。日本には19世紀後半から20世紀初頭ごろに侵入したと考えられている。
この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（Portal:生き物と自然／プロジェクト:生物）。 
