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Biology ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive
The Round Island skink is active at all times of day and night, depending upon the time of year. It is a bold and gregarious species and shows little fear of people. Though much remains to be learned about this species' ecology it is known to be an aggressive predator of practically anything it can get in its mouth, including the young of its own species. However it is an opportunistic omnivore and eats fruits and seeds as well as invertebrates and other lizards (2). This species is an egg-layer with females laying multiple clutches of up to a dozen or more soft-shelled eggs over the course of a breeding season. Each clutch is buried in damp, sandy soil where they are abandoned to undergo the two months or so of incubation before they hatch as fully independent, but vulnerable, miniatures of their parents (2).
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Conservation ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive
Recent conservation measures on Round Island, and especially those involving the Round Island skink, have met with considerable success. The Mauritian Wildlife Foundation (MWF), New Zealand Department of Conservation (NZ, DOC) and Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust (DWCT) have all worked closely with the Mauritian Government to help protect the remaining species from extinction (5). They began by eradicating the goats and rabbits. This has allowed the island's vegetation to begin a natural process of regeneration, assisted by intensive restoration programmes including weeding, propagation, planting and seeding of pioneer and endemic plant species. The improved habitat available on Round Island as in turn resulted in a dramatic increase in Round Island skink numbers in the past 15 years (2). The species has also been bred successfully at DWCT's Jersey Zoo and other zoos in Europe and the USA (6). Despite its revived and healthy population this species is still considered vulnerable since it is only found on Round Island. While other Round Island endemic species might be translocated to other islets formerly within their range and which have had exotic predators removed, the skink is such a voracious predator that there are concerns it may feed on, and deplete, other rare lizard species endemic to some of these islets (6) (2).
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Description ( الإنجليزية )

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There are around 1,400 skink species occupying almost all types of habitats worldwide. They are divided into 3 distinct sub-families with the Round Island skink belonging to the Scincinae sub-family (3). Despite the number of skink species many are superficially similar in appearance. The Round Island skink is a brownish-grey lizard, often speckled with darker or brown flecks, which reaches an average total length of about 30-40 centimetres. Its small, shiny scales shine with rainbow-coloured iridescence in the sunshine (2). The body is roughly cylindrical in shape, with a fairly long, strong tail which can be regenerated if lost in a fight or predation attempt (4) (2). Its four legs, though relatively short, are very powerful and are used for digging nesting or hiding burrows. When these lizards move quickly through dense undergrowth they may lie their legs alongside the body and move in a snake-like fashion (2) (4).
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Habitat ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive
Since the destruction of the tropical hardwood forest on Round Island at the hands of humans and the goats and rabbits they stocked the island with, this species and the others it shares Round Island with are restricted to the grasses, scrub and leaf litter beneath the remaining endemic palm forest (2).
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Range ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive
This species is now endemic to Round Island, a small 151 hectare island found off the north coast of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean (5). Before the arrival of humans and their entourage of pets and pests, the skinks were found on the mainland of Mauritius and numerous other offshore islets (2).
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Status ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive
Classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List (1).
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Threats ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive
Round Island is a refuge for many rare and endangered plants and animals, several of which are found nowhere else in the world (5). Many of these species used to occur in Mauritius and on other islets, but have been exterminated by a combination of habitat loss and depredation by exotic animals brought by human settlers. Mongooses, rats, and cats are the worst offenders but by a stroke of good fortune, Round Island has remained free of these invaders. However, Round Island suffered terribly from introduced goats and rabbits grazing on the vegetation, preventing plant regeneration and causing serious soil erosion (2).
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Telfair-Skink ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE
 src=
Telfair-Skink im Profil (Leiolopisma telfairii)

Der Telfair-Skink (Leiolopisma telfairii) ist eine Skinkart, die auf Round Island, auf der Île aux Aigrettes und auf Gunner's Quoin bei Mauritius vorkommt. Seine nächsten Verwandten sind die ausgestorbenen Taxa Leiolopisma mauritiana von Mauritius und Leiolopisma ceciliae von Réunion. Benannt ist die Art nach Charles Edward Telfair, dem Gründer der Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius.

Beschreibung

Der Telfair-Skink erreicht eine Länge von 30 bis 40 Zentimetern. Der lange, annähernd zylindrische Körper ist allgemein bräunlich-grau und häufig mit dunklen oder bräunlichen Hautflecken gesprenkelt. Der ziemlich lange und kräftige Schwanz erneuert sich, wenn er bei einem Kampf verloren geht. Im Sonnenlicht haben die kleinen Schuppen ein regenbogenartiges Schimmern. Mit den relativ kurzen, aber sehr kräftigen Beinen gräbt der Telfair-Skink Nest- oder Schutzhöhlen.

Lebensweise

Der Telfair-Skink ist ein Allesfresser, dessen Nahrung aus Samen, Früchten, Insekten, jungen Spitzmäusen und Schlangen sowie aus kleinen Eidechsen besteht. Kannibalismus ist nicht unüblich und es kommt vor, dass die erwachsenen Skinke ihre eigenen Jungen fressen.

Status

Früher kam der Telfair-Skink auf dem Festland von Mauritius und auf küstennahen Inseln wie Flat Island vor. Seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde er nur noch auf Round Island nachgewiesen. Kaninchen und Ziegen hatten die Vegetation auf Round Island stark in Mitleidenschaft gezogen und so wurde Mitte der 1970er-Jahre seitens der mauritischen Regierung, der Mauritian Wildlife Foundation und dem Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust beschlossen, alle Ziegen und Kaninchen von der Insel zu beseitigen. Dieses Programm wurde 1987 mit der Vergiftung der letzten Kaninchen erfolgreich abgeschlossen. Dank der Schutzmaßnahmen erholten sich die Bestände des Telfair-Skinks so gut, dass im Jahre 2006 eine Population auf Gunner's Quoin und 2007 auf der Île aux Aigrettes aufgebaut werden konnten. Als Gerald Durrell zwischen 1976 und 1977 Round Island besuchte, gab es zwischen 4500 und 5000 Exemplare des Telfair-Skinks auf der Insel. Durrell brachte einige Tiere in den Jersey Zoo, die den Grundstock für erfolgreiche Zuchtgruppen in nordamerikanischen und europäischen Zoos bildeten.

Literatur

  • Anthony Cheke & Julian Hume: Lost Land of the Dodo T. & A.D. Poyser, 2008, ISBN 0-7136-6544-0.
  • J. J. Austin & E. N. Arnold: Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (2): 503–511. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.12.011, 2006. (HTML Abstract)
  • Angelo P. Pernetta, Diana J. Bella and Carl G. Jones: Macro- and microhabitat use of Telfair's skink (Leiolopisma telfairii) on Round Island, Mauritius: implications for their translocation. Acta Oecologica, Heft 28, Ausgabe 3, S. 313–323. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2005.06.001, 11/2005. (HTML Abstract)

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Telfair-Skink: Brief Summary ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE
 src= Telfair-Skink im Profil (Leiolopisma telfairii)

Der Telfair-Skink (Leiolopisma telfairii) ist eine Skinkart, die auf Round Island, auf der Île aux Aigrettes und auf Gunner's Quoin bei Mauritius vorkommt. Seine nächsten Verwandten sind die ausgestorbenen Taxa Leiolopisma mauritiana von Mauritius und Leiolopisma ceciliae von Réunion. Benannt ist die Art nach Charles Edward Telfair, dem Gründer der Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius.

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Leiolopisma telfairii ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Leiolopisma telfairii, also known commonly as the Round Island ground skink, the Round Island skink, and Telfair's skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Round Island, one of the islands of Mauritius.

Taxonomy

Other members of the genus Leiolopisma occur on New Caledonia and New Zealand, but the Round Island skink is closely related to the two extinct Mascarenes taxa, L. mauritiana from Mauritius and L. ceciliae from Réunion.

Etymology

L. telfairii is named after Irish botanist Charles Telfair,[3] the founder of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius.

Description

Specimen

L. telfairii reaches a total length (including tail) of between 30–40 cm (12–16 in). The body is general brownish grey mottled with dark brown spots. The small scales exhibit an iridescence when the sunlight is reflected on them. The body is approximately cylindrical. L. telfairii can cast its relatively long tail during a fight or to escape capture; the tail is regenerated after a while. The short but vigorous legs are used to dig burrows.

Ecology

The omnivorous diet of L. telfairii consists of seeds, fruits, insects, and small lizards. Cannibalism is not unknown, and L. telfairii may even kill its own young to eat them.

Status and conservation

L. telfairii was once numerous on Mauritius and offshore islands like Flat Island. Due to habitat destruction and introduced species like goats, black rats, and rabbits, it has been limited to Round Island since the middle of the 19th century. When Gerald Durrell visited Round Island in the 1970s he recorded 5,000 specimens. He brought some specimens to the Jersey Zoo to build up a captive breeding program. Since the eradication of the goats and rabbits on Round Island the skink population has increased to the point that some could be relocated to other islands, like Gunner's Quoin (Coin du Mire) and the Île aux Aigrettes.

References

  1. ^ Cole N, Goder M, Roopa P, Bachraz V, Mootoocurpen R (2018). "Leiolopisma telfairii (errata version published in 2019)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T11409A152276731. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T11409A152276731.en. Downloaded on 09 March 2020.
  2. ^ Species Leiolopisma telfairii at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
  3. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Leiolopisma telfairi, p. 262).
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Leiolopisma telfairii: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Leiolopisma telfairii, also known commonly as the Round Island ground skink, the Round Island skink, and Telfair's skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Round Island, one of the islands of Mauritius.

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Leiolopisma telfairii ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Leiolopisma telfairii: Brief Summary ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU

Leiolopisma telfairii Leiolopisma generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Scincidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Scinque de Telfair ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Leiolopisma telfairii

Leiolopisma telfairii, Scinque de Telfair ou Scinque de l'île Ronde, est une espèce de sauriens de la famille des Scincidae.

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique des Mascareignes.

Actuellement, elle ne se rencontre plus que sur des îles mauriciennes : l’île aux Aigrettes[1] au Sud, l'île Ronde, l'île Plate et d'autres petites îles du Nord de Maurice.

Elle vivait également sur l'île Maurice et à La Réunion, mais a maintenant disparu de ces deux îles[2].

Telfair-Skink.jpg
Leiolopisma telfairi 2.jpg

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Charles Telfair, le fondateur de la Société d'histoire naturelle de l'île Maurice[3].

Publication originale

  • Desjardin, 1831 : Sur trois espèces de lézard du genre scinque, qui habitent l'île Maurice (Ile-de-France). Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, vol. 22, p. 292-299 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. « ile Maurice: Bons Baisers De l'ile Maurice »
  2. Arnold, 2009 : Recently extinct reptile populations from Mauritius and Reunion, Indian Ocean. Journal of Zoology, vol. 191, p. 33–47.
  3. Beolens, Watkins & Grayson, 2009 : The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 1-296
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Scinque de Telfair: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Leiolopisma telfairii

Leiolopisma telfairii, Scinque de Telfair ou Scinque de l'île Ronde, est une espèce de sauriens de la famille des Scincidae.

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Leiolopisma telfairii ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

Leiolopisma telfairii (Desjardin, 1831) è un piccolo sauro della famiglia Scincidae, endemico di Round Island (Mauritius).[2]

Distribuzione e habitat

Una volta diffusa in tutta l'isola di Mauritius, la specie è andata progressivamente incontro ad estinzione sull'isola madre, a causa dell'invasione da parte dei ratti. A partire dalla metà del XIX secolo, l'areale di Leiolopisma telfairii si è ristretto all'isola di Round Island. Nel 2006 è stato avviato un programma di ripopolamento sull'Île aux Aigrettes, nel sud-est, e a Coin de Mire, nel nord.[3]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Madagascar Reptile & Amphibian Specialist Group 1996, Leiolopisma telfairii, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Leiolopisma telfairii, in The Reptile Database. URL consultato il 14 novembre 2016.
  3. ^ (EN) The Telfair’s skink Leiolopisma telfairii, in Mauritius reptile restoration programme, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation (MWF). URL consultato il 14 novembre 2016.

Bibliografia

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Leiolopisma telfairii: Brief Summary ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

Leiolopisma telfairii (Desjardin, 1831) è un piccolo sauro della famiglia Scincidae, endemico di Round Island (Mauritius).

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Raundas scinks ( اللاتفية )

المقدمة من wikipedia LV

Raundas scinks jeb Telfēra scinks (Leiolopisma telfairii) ir scinku dzimtas ķirzaka, kas endēma Maurīcijai. Vienīgā populācija izdzīvojusi nelielajā Raundas saliņā.

Sugas latīniskais nosaukums ir par godu īru izcelsmes botāniķim Čārlzam Telfēram (1778—1833), kas Maurīcijā un Reinjonā izveidoja botāniskos dārzus, kā arī iestājās par dzīves apstākļu uzlabošanu un izglītības ieviešanu vergu starpā.[2]

Izskats

 src=
Telfēra scinks tuvplānā.

Garums no 30—40 cm.[3] Īsās, bet spēcīgās kājas piemērotas bedru kašņāšanai un rakšanai. Šādi grāmatā "Zeltainie sikspārņi un sārtie baloži" Raundas scinku apraksta Džeralds Darels:

"Scinki bija skaistas ķirzakas ar smagnēju, stūrainu ķermeni, īsām kājām un garu asti... Āda ķirzakām bija tīkamā brūnā vai pelēkā krāsā, taču, kad uz tās noteiktā leņķī atmirdzēja saules stari, gludās zvīņas kā skaista mozaīka pēkšņi iezalgojās violetā, zaļā, koši zilā un zeltainā tonī, gluži kā varavīkšņaina eļļas kārtiņa ceļa grambā satecējušā peļķē".

Barība un uzvedība

Visēdāji, pārtiek no sēklām, augļiem, kukaiņiem un mazākām ķirzakām. Nav svešs kanibālisms, kad pieaugušie scinki nogalina un apēd jaunākos sugasbrāļus. To izturēšanos Darels pielīdzināja piejaucētu mājdzīvnieku uzvedībai: "Viņi droši nāca mums klāt un, it kā būtu nebrīvē dzimuši, rausās klēpī un ņēma tieši no rokas treknus, melnus prusakus un sulīgus banānu gabaliņus tik droši, ka mēs patiesi jutāmies glaimoti".

Aktīvi augu diennakti, atpūšoties vienīgi dienas karstākajā laikā. Vairošanās sezonā mitrā, smilšainā augsnē izdēj duci vai vairāk mīkstčaulainu olu, kuru inkubācijas periods ilgst divus mēnešus. Pēc izšķilšanās jaunās ķirzaciņas ir vārīgas, miniatūras savu vecāku kopijas.[4]

Aizsardzība

 src=
Telfēra scinks Egretas salas dabas rezervātā

Pirms kolonizācijas Telfera scinks bija izplatīts gan Maurīcijā, gan tai pieguļošājās saliņās. Ievazāto dzīvnieku — kazu, žurku un trušu un citu invazīvo sugu postošās darbības rezultātā līdz 19. gadsimta vidum tas saglabājās vairs tikai nomaļajā Raundas salā. 1976. gadā salu apmeklēja Džeralds Darels. Tika sagūstīti vairāki sugas pārstāvji un Darela savvaļas dzīvnieku aizsardzības tresta vadībā uzsākta veiksmīga scinku pavairošanas programma nebrīvē. Saliņu atbrīvoja no kazām un trušiem, kas ļāva sugai pamazām atgūties. 2011. gadā veiktie pētījumi liecināja, ka 25 gadus pēc trušu izskaušanas scinku skaits Raundā pieaudzis no 4500 īpatņiem līdz vairāk nekā 44000.

2007. gadā no Raundas 260 Telfēra scinkus pārveda uz Egretu Maurīcijas dienvidaustrumu piekrastē, 250 — netālo Ganerskveinu, palielinot sugas izplatības areālu par 40%. Pirms ķirzaku reintrodukcijas abas saliņas tika atbrīvotas no vairākām invazīvajām sugām, tādējādi panākot vairoties spējīgu populāciju izveidošanu.[3]

Atsauces

  1. The Reptile Database
  2. Mauritius. Rodrigues. Réunion. Alexandra Richards. ISBN 978 1 84162 410 5, page 153
  3. 3,0 3,1 The Native Plants and Animals of Mauritius. The Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. ISBN 98-999493802-5, page 15
  4. «Wildscreen Arkive». Arhivēts no oriģināla, laiks: 2016. gada 5. februārī. Skatīts: 2015. gada 31. decembrī.

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Raundas scinks: Brief Summary ( اللاتفية )

المقدمة من wikipedia LV

Raundas scinks jeb Telfēra scinks (Leiolopisma telfairii) ir scinku dzimtas ķirzaka, kas endēma Maurīcijai. Vienīgā populācija izdzīvojusi nelielajā Raundas saliņā.

Sugas latīniskais nosaukums ir par godu īru izcelsmes botāniķim Čārlzam Telfēram (1778—1833), kas Maurīcijā un Reinjonā izveidoja botāniskos dārzus, kā arī iestājās par dzīves apstākļu uzlabošanu un izglītības ieviešanu vergu starpā.

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Leiolopisma telfairii ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Leiolopisma telfairii là một loài thằn lằn trong họ Scincidae. Loài này được Desjardin mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1831.[1]

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Leiolopisma telfairii. The Reptile Database. Truy cập ngày 31 tháng 5 năm 2013.


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về phân họ thằn lằn Lygosominae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.


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Leiolopisma telfairii: Brief Summary ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Leiolopisma telfairii là một loài thằn lằn trong họ Scincidae. Loài này được Desjardin mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1831.

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