Comments
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من eFloras
The leaf margins of
Dichodontium pellucidum are strongly serrate-denticulate in the distal
2/3-
3/4 of the leaf, varying to minutely serrulate to nearly entire in the proximal part. In
D. olympicum there are no distant marginal teeth in addition to the even denticulations from apex almost to the leaf insertion. In
D. pellucidum, such teeth are always present even though the denticulations may be nearly absent. A distinct hydroid strand is visible in leaf sections in the proximal half of the leaf in the larger stems, disappearing in the distal half together with a general loss of anatomical differentiation.
The distinction of Dichodontium flavescens from D. pellucidum has been supported by J. Werner (2002), and accepted by D. H. Norris and J. R. Shevock (2004) for the California flora. Werner reviewed the literature regarding the separation of these two species and showed that there is no consensus of opinion, which ranges from no distinction (all D. pellucidum) to intergradation to separation. Analysis of the morphology of collections, including a few from the flora area, determined that the two taxa are inseparable morphologically. A similar, systematic review of the issue in the flora area, using additional characters, was made by B. C. Tan and W. B. Schofield (1980), who found no clear distinction between the two species, which is the view adopted here. Werner indicated that D. flavescens has a more elongate leaf (4:1) whereas that of D. pellucidum did not exceed 3:1, the capsules were longer in D. flavescens and erect (not inclined), the leaves were broadest at the base and less papillose with the costa wider proximally (to 100 µm in California specimens), whereas D. pelludicum was broadest above the base with much more coarsely papillose cells and with a much narrower costa (to 30 µm). The two variants are sympatric across the United States and they appear to have the same ecology and intergrade morphologically. Curiously, in the Japanese moss flora (A. Noguchi and Z. Iwatsuki 1987+), there is a similar distinction between an elongate variant (D. pellucidum var. pellucidum) and a shorter-leaved, “endemic” one (var. yezoense Noguchi), also apparently sympatric. Dichodontium nelsonii Kindberg described from Missouri is, according to B. H. Allen (2005), Bartramia pomiformis.
The rather smooth leaves of large-stemmed Dichodontium pellucidum without their typical robust papillae and generally from the northwestern United States may resemble Hyophila involuta. In H. involuta the width of the leaf at the insertion is nearly 1/2 the width of the leaf lamina at mid leaf. Its marginal teeth are located in the distal 1/4 of the leaf, not nearly to the insertion as in D. pellucidum. In D. pellucidum the leaf cells, in section, are convex and papillose, sometimes strongly so, on both sides of the leaf, whereas in H. involuta they only bulge on the adaxial side. Hyophila involuta has no papillae, and has clavate, stellate or dentate-elliptical “multi-horned” axillary gemmae, whereas the gemmae of D. pellucidum are simpler, cylindrical or globose with smooth walls and without projections.
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Description
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الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من eFloras
Plants variable in size, usually 1–4(–8) cm high, dull, yellowish green to dark green or brownish below, in loose or compact tufts. Stems often branched, often with slender, subapical innovations, sparsely radiculose below, sometimes with small, subglobose, ovoid to ellipsoidal propagula on short branched filaments along the stem. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ligulate, 1–3(–4) mm long, erect-spreading with incurved, variously contorted to twisted apices when dry, widely spreading to somewhat squarrose when moist, acute to rounded-obtuse at the apex; margins often recurved below, somewhat undulate above, irregularly dentate in the upper part, nearly entire below the middle; costa subpercurrent, usually projecting on the back in the upper part of leaves, with 4–5 large, guide cells in the middle row, dorsal stereid band better developed than the ventral band in transverse section; upper laminal cells irregularly quadrate to subquadrate, 8–12 µm wide, obscure, the marginal teeth noticeably pellucid, mammillose to conic-papillose on both surfaces; lower cells rectangular, rather pellucid, smooth; alar cells not differentiated. Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves not much differentiated from vegetative leaves. Setae erect, 6–20 mm long, yellowish; capsules oblong-ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm long, suberect to curved or inclined, smooth, not strumose; opercula erect to obliquely long-rostrate, almost as long as the urn; annuli absent; peristome teeth dark reddish, divided about halfway down, vertically striate below, papillose above, basal membrane extending 2–3 rows of cells above the mouth. Spores 14–20 µm in diameter, minutely papillose.
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Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من eFloras
Stems 1.5-5.5(-8) cm. Leaves 1-4 mm, apex narrowly to broadly acute to rounded-obtuse; margins weakly to strongly recurved in proximal half or sometimes nearly to the apex, generally smooth near the insertion, margins of leaf apex strongly papillose but without teeth; marginal laminal cells weakly papillose by projecting distal cell ends or smooth in proximal half of the leaf; median leaf cells with horned papillae on both surfaces; costal cells adaxially elongate (3-6:1), often smooth, clearly different from adjacent laminal cells. Specialized asexual reproduction occasional, by mullticellular ovoid to ellipsoidal gemmae borne on branched, rhizoid-like structures in the leaf axils. Sexual condition dioicous. Seta 9-20 mm. Capsule 1.2-1.6 mm, not strumose, smooth when dry. Spores 13-20(-25) µm.
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Distribution
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الإنجليزية
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المقدمة من eFloras
Distribution: China, Pakistan, Japan, Russia (Siberia), Europe, and North America.
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Habitat
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الإنجليزية
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المقدمة من eFloras
Habitat: on wet rocks in forests.
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Synonym
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من eFloras
Dicranum pellucidum Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond., 142. 1801; Bryum flavescens Dickson ex Withering; Dichodontium flavescens (Dickson ex Withering) Lindberg; D. pellucidum var. americanum Lesquereux & James; D. pellucidum var. fagimontanum (Bridel) Schimper; D. subflavescens Kindberg
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Synonym
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من eFloras
Dichodontium verrucosum Card., Bull. Herb. Boissier sér. 2, 7: 712. 1907.
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Comprehensive Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من North American Flora
Dichodontium pellucidum (I,.) Schimp. Coroll. Bryol
Eur. 12. 1855.
Bryum pellucidum L. Sp. PL 1118. 1753. Bryum Jlavescens Dicks. PI. Crypt. Brit. 2: 4. 1790. Dichodontium Jlavescens Lindb. Bot. Not. 1878: 113. 1878. Dichodontium subjlavescens Kindb.; Roll, Hedwigia 35: 59. ' 1896.
Dioicous : male plants of the same size as the fertile and mixed with them or in separate tufts, the perigonial leaves from a broad, concave base rather abruptly narrowed to a lanceolate point with the costa vanishing below the more or less obtuse or acute apex, the antheridia numerous, more than 0.5 mm. long, with slender paraphyses: plants in small tufts to often extensive mats, yellowish-brown to darkgreen, with radiculose stems 1-10 cm. long, often bearing slender, distantly-leaved innovations from just below the apex: stem-leaves ovatelanceolate or Ungulate to linear-lanceolate, up to about 3.5 mm. long (or in D. pellucidum fagimontanum Brid. pointed-ovate or oblong and mostly 1 mm. or less long), when dry incurvedspreading, somewhat crispate or variously flexuous from an erect base, when moist widely spreading, the broad point keeled, with a rounded or acute apex and flat, not thickened margins, from finely serrulate to coarsely and irregularly serrate (D. pellucidum s erratum Schimp.), the margin in the lower part of the leaf just above the base entire and somewhat farther up more or less recurved on one or both sides ; costa stout, rough on the back in the upper part and vanishing below the apex, in cross-section near the middle showing 4 guide-cells, stereidbands above and below and outer cells differentiated ; upper leaf -cells rather irregular, mostly quadratic and slightly or not elongate, the median ones about 8 by 8-10 m, the lower leaf-cells toward the costa more or less rectangular, 8-10 fj. wide and 20-40 /i long, those toward and in the margin nearly square, the alar cells not differentiated; perichaetial leaves very similar to the stem-leaves but slightly longer with a somewhat broader base: seta erect, yellowish, 1—2 cm. long: capsule oblong, from nearly symmetric and erect to curved and nodding, 1.5— 1.75 mm. long, when dry often showing a short collum and more or less contracted under the broad mouth, with smooth, thick walls and 1 or 2 rows of stomata at the base; annulus none; peristome-teeth up to 80 m wide and more than 400> high, dark-reddish, lanceolate, divided about one half down into mostly 2 forks, finely papillose above, more or less vertically striate on the outer face, from a darker, smooth, basilar membrane extending 2 or 3 rows of cells above the rim of the capsule and attached about the same distance below the rim; lid conic, obliquely rostrate, sometimes about as long as the capsule: calyptra cucullate, entire below, slightly rough at the apex: spores not quite smooth, 18-20 ^ in diameter.
Type ix>cau:ty : Europe.
Distribution: Labrador to New Jersey, westward in the region of the Great Lakes, and from Alaska and Montana to California; also in Europe. Growing in cool, damp places, mostly along
streams, sometimes in water.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Robert Statham Williams. 1913. (BRYALES); DICRANACEAE, LEUCOBRYACEAE. North American flora. vol 15(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Dichodontium pellucidum
(
الألمانية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia DE
Dichodontium pellucidum, auf deutsch auch Durchscheinendes Doppelzahnmoos, ist ein kalkholdes Laubmoos, welches an feuchten bis nassen Standorten in den gemäßigten Breiten der Nordhemisphäre vorkommt.
Beschreibung
Die zweihäusigen Pflanzen bilden dunkelgrünen bis gelbgrünen Rasen auf und werden 2–4 cm hoch, manchmal auch deutlich höher.
Die breit lanzettlichen bis zungenförmigen Blätter sind feucht sparrig abstehend bis zurückgebogen, in trockenem Zustand leicht gedreht bis kraus. Die Blattbasis umfasst leicht den Stängel. Der Blattrand ist im unteren Teil des Blattes glatt oder etwas gewellt, gegen die Spitze gekerbt. Insgesamt sind Blattform und Ausbildung des Blattrandes aber sehr variabel.
Die Blattrippe endet kurz vor der Blattspitze. Die Zellen der Blattfläche sind stark mamillös.
Die glatte, aufrechte bis waagerecht geneigte, eiförmige Kapsel sitzt auf einer relativ kurzen, gelbbraunen Seta.
Verbreitung
Dichodontium pellucidum ist vor allem in den Gebirgen der Nordhemisphäre verbreitet. Im Flachland kommt es nur selten vor.
Es wächst an kalkhaltigen, nassen Standorten, beispielsweise auf Steinen an Bächen, auf feuchten Mauern oder auf Sand an Bachufern.
![src=]()
Blattrand und Laminazellen bei 400-facher Vergrößerung
Quellen und weiterführende Informationen
Literatur
-
Jan-Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey: Moosflora (= UTB. 1250). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-8001-2463-7.
- Wolfgang Frey, Jan-Peter Frahm, Eberhard Fischer, Wolfram Lobin: Die Moos- und Farnpflanzen Europas (= Kleine Kryptogamenflora. Bd. 4). Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart u. a. 1995, ISBN 3-437-30756-8.
-
Hans Martin Jahns: Farne, Moose, Flechten. Mittel-, Nord- und Westeuropas. (= BLV-Bestimmungsbuch. 28). 2., durchgesehene Auflage. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, München u. a. 1982, ISBN 3-405-11893-X.
Weblinks
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Dichodontium pellucidum: Brief Summary
(
الألمانية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia DE
Dichodontium pellucidum, auf deutsch auch Durchscheinendes Doppelzahnmoos, ist ein kalkholdes Laubmoos, welches an feuchten bis nassen Standorten in den gemäßigten Breiten der Nordhemisphäre vorkommt.
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Dichodontium pellucidum
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Dichodontium pellucidum: Brief Summary
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Dichodontium pellucidum is a species of moss belonging to the family Dicranaceae.
It has cosmopolitan distribution.
Dwurożek przeświecający
(
البولندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia POL
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Dwurożek przeświecający[3] (Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp.) – gatunek mchu należący do rodziny Rhabdoweisiaceae Limpr.
Rozmieszczenie geograficzne
Przedstawiciele tego gatunku występują na wysokościach do 2300 m n.p.m. na terenie Grenlandii, w Kanadzie, USA, Europie i Islandii[4]. W Polsce podawane głównie z południa kraju, z terenu Sudetów, Karpat, Jury Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej, Gór Świętokrzyskich, rzadko z Pomorza Zachodniego i Wielkopolski[3].
Morfologia
- Gametofity
- Drobny mech tworzący luźne matowe darnie o barwie żółtozielonej do ciemnozielonej. Łodyżki brunatne, wzniesione, nierozgałęzione, dorastają do 0,5–3 (7) cm wysokości. U dołu łodyżek gładkie chwytniki. Ze względu na ułożenie listków widziane z góry są gwiazdkowate. Listki odstające od łodyżki, lancetowato-języczkowate, z pochwiastą nasadą, o długości 0,8–2,8 mm i szerokości do 0,6 mm. Blaszka listka płaska, na szczycie zaostrzona, brzegiem nieregularnie ząbkowana, skręcona w stanie suchym. Żebro pojedyncze, szerokości 80–180 μm u nasady, kończy się przed szczytem listka[3].
- Sporofity
-
Seta wysokości 9–20 mm, puszka zarodni długości 1,2–1,6 mm, gładka w stanie suchym. Zarodniki o średnicy 13–20(-25) µm[4].
Puszka z rozdwojonymi zębami perystomu
Biologia i ekologia
Rośnie na kamieniach i skałach w strefie rozprysku wody, na klifach, brzegach i w korytach potoków i niewielkich rzek. Preferuje siedliska ubogie, oligotroficzne i mezotroficzne. Wykazuje średni zakres tolerancji ekologicznej względem trofii. Znajduje zastosowanie w metodach bioindykacji wód jako wskaźnik oligotrofii m.in. w polskim indeksie MIR[3].
Systematyka i nazewnictwo
Nazwa naukowa rodzaju Dichodontium pochodzi od greckich słów dicha – na pół, oraz odontos – ząb, w nawiązaniu do częściowo podzielonych ząbków perystomu u przedstawicieli tego rodzaju.
Gatunek należy do rodzaju dwurożek Dichodontium Schimp.[1]
Synonimy[2]: Barbula tamakii Broth., Bryum flavescens Dicks. ex With., Bryum pellucidum Jolycl., Dichodontium flavescens (Dicks. ex With.) Lindb., Dichodontium pellucidum var. americanum Lesq., Dichodontium pellucidum var. fagimontanum (Brid.) Schimp., Dichodontium pellucidum var. flavescens (Dicks. ex With.) Moore, Dichodontium pellucidum var. pellucidum, Dichodontium subflavescens Kindb., Dichodontium verrucosum Cardot, Dicranum aquaticum Ehrh. ex P. Beauv., Dicranum pellucidum Hedw., Didymodon theriotii Corb., Leptodontium sikokianum Sakurai, Leptodontium subalpinum (De Not.) Lindb., Mnium pellucens J.F. Gmel. ex With., Tortula flavescens (Dicks. ex With.) P. Beauv., Trichostomum subalpinum De Not., Triquetrella nipponensis Sakurai.
Przypisy
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Dwurożek przeświecający: Brief Summary
(
البولندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia POL
Dwurożek przeświecający (Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp.) – gatunek mchu należący do rodziny Rhabdoweisiaceae Limpr.
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Dichodontium pellucidum
(
الفيتنامية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia VI
Dichodontium pellucidum là một loài Rêu trong họ Dicranaceae. Loài này được (Hedw.) Schimp. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1856.[1]
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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Dichodontium pellucidum: Brief Summary
(
الفيتنامية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia VI
Dichodontium pellucidum là một loài Rêu trong họ Dicranaceae. Loài này được (Hedw.) Schimp. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1856.
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裂齒蘚
(
الصينية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Dichodontium pellucidum(Hedw.) Schimp., 1856 裂齒蘚（学名：Dichodontium pellucidum）为曲尾蘚科裂齒蘚屬下的一个种。
参考文献
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裂齒蘚: Brief Summary
(
الصينية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia 中文维基百科
裂齒蘚（学名：Dichodontium pellucidum）为曲尾蘚科裂齒蘚屬下的一个种。
Bài viết liên quan đến họ rêu Dicranaceae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. 
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