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Pachypodium ambongense ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Pachypodium in der Familie der Hundsgiftgewächse (Apocynaceae).
Pachypodium ambongense ist eine ausdauernde Pflanze, deren Stamm 1 bis 1,5 m hoch wird, glatt und flaschenförmig verdickt ist und nur spärlich verzweigt. Die Pflanze ist mit 5 bis 10 cm langen Dornen besetzt, die paarweise stehen. Die Laubblätter sind elliptisch verkehrt eiförmig, gerundet und 3 bis 8 cm lang sowie 1,5 bis 3 cm breit. Die Unterseite ist filzig behaart. Die Blattstiele sind 2 bis 7 mm lang.
Die Blüten stehen einzeln oder in Gruppen von bis zu fünf. Sie sind weiß gefärbt, messen etwa 5,5 cm im Durchmesser und sind 3 bis 3,5 cm lang. Die Früchte erreichen eine Größe von 10 cm.
Die Erstbeschreibung der Art erfolgte 1924 durch Henri Louis Poisson.[1]
Die Art ist endemisch auf Madagaskar verbreitet.
Pachypodium ambongense ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Pachypodium in der Familie der Hundsgiftgewächse (Apocynaceae).
Pachypodium ambongense is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It was first published as a species of the genus Pachypodium in 1924 by the botanist Henri Louis Poisson.
Having a habit as a shrub that is 1–2 m (3+1⁄2–6+1⁄2 ft) and bottle-shaped, Pachypodium ambongense inhabits the western low, open deciduous forest of Madagascar on a substrate of Mesozoic calcareous rock. It is fairly rare to the landscape, perhaps, suggesting a more specialized environment needed for it to grow. It is known by common name in Madagascar as "Songosongo" or "Betono."
As a shrub 1–2 m (3+1⁄2–6+1⁄2 ft) high with a subglobose, not entirely spherical, laterally compressed, flattened on a side habit; it has a diameter ranging from 10–40 cm (4–16 in). Overall it resembles a bottle-shape in habit.
The bark is grey-green and smooth or it has leaf scars. Overall Pachypodium ambongense has a bottle-shaped profile. Its short branches form right below the terminal inflorescence and measure from 7–18 cm (3–7 in) in diameter. P. ambongense's branchlets are 18 mm–40 mm × 5 mm–6 mm (11⁄16 in–1+9⁄16 in × 3⁄16 in–1⁄4 in). They are covered with paired straight spines, 20 mm–100 mm × 5 mm–30 mm (3⁄4 in–4 in × 1⁄4 in–1+1⁄4 in) at the base. When young they are sparsely pubescent, or hairy.
The leaves are confined near the apices, the apex or the highest point, of the branchlets. They are petiolate, meaning that they have a leave stalk. The petiole, or stalk roughly, is 2–10 mm (1⁄16–3⁄8 in) long. While being sparsely pubescent and hairy, the blade(s) are dark green with a midrib that is pale green above and pale green to pale grey beneath when fresh. When dry, the leave is papery. They are shaped as being (I) ovate--broad and rounded at the base and tapering toward the end—to (II) obovate--egg-shaped and flat, like ovate, but with a narrower end—measuring 1.9 to 3.4 times as long as they are wide. Therefore, the leaves often range in size from 3.5 cm (1.38 inch) to 9 cm (0.35 inch) in length by 1.5 cm (0.59 inch) to 3 cm (1.18 inch) in width. They are obtuse--having a blunt or rounded tip—to rounded in shape at the apex. Cuneate--wedge-shaped, narrowly triangular at the base—or decurrent--having the leaf base that extends down the stem below its point of insertion—into the petiole, the leaves have a margin that is revolute, the margins rolled backwards, and glabrous, smooth above with impressed reticulate venation. They are densely pubescent, hairy, underneath with a midrib and secondary veins prominently showing. There are 23 to 32 secondary veins in pairs, which are straight at the base, up curved at the apex, and forming an angle of 45-85° with the Costa, the rib, ridge in a midrib of a leaf. The tertiary venation is reticulate, either making a net or network of veins or marking with lines resembling a network. They are hidden by the indumentum, any covering of hairs etc., beneath the leaf.
The inflorescence is sessile, with a petiolate or stalk, or shortly pedunculate, a short main axis of the entire inflorescence. Its flower is congested with dimensions that read 6 cm (0.24 inch) to 8 cm (0.32 inch) by 3 cm (1.18 inch) to 5 cm (1.97 inch). The inflorescence has 1 to 8 flowers. The peduncle, again the main axis of the inflorescence, is dark green and is 0 mm (0 inch) to 5 mm (0.20 inch) in length by 2 mm (0.08 inch) by 4 mm (0.16 inch) in width. The inflorescence is sparsely pubescent to glabrous. The pedicels, the stalks of single flowers, are green, 4 mm (0.16 inch) to 10 mm (0.39 inch) long, and sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Bracts, for the inflorescence, are ovate, flattened egg-shaped, 2 mm (0.8 inch) by 1 mm (0.04 inch), and acuminate, tapering gradually to a sharp point, at the apex. The bracts are pubescent outside and glabrous inside.
The flowers of Pachypodium ambongense have sepals that are pale green. (Usually all sepals are some shade of green.) The sepals are connate at the base, uniting the sepals into one morphological structure, for about 0.2 mm (0.007 inch). They are persistent, lasting past maturity without falling off, and ovate--flattened egg shaped profile—or narrowly ovate. They measure 1.5 mm (.059 inch) to 2 mm (0.079 inch) long insomuch as they are wide at 3 mm (0.118 inch) to 4 mm (0.159 inch) by 2 mm (0.079 inch) to 2.2 mm (0.087 inch). The sepals are acuminate, ending in a point at the apex, and can have stiff hairs at the apex. The sepals are typically sparsely pubescent, hairy, or glabrous, smooth, outside, and almost always glabrous inside.
The corolla of Pachypodium ambongense is limb white with the tube being pale greenish-yellow outside and with a throat that is yellowish-green inside. It measures 4.3 cm (0.17 inch) to 6 cm (0.24 inch) long in the mature bud and forms a comparatively wide broadly ovoid, shaped like an egg--ovate-like without being flat—head, which is 3.8 cm (1.5 inch) to 4.0 cm (0.16 inch) of the bud length. The head of the corolla appears to be 17 mm (0.67 inch) by 23 mm (0.91 inch) in length by 4 mm (0.16 inch) to 10 mm (0.39 inch) in width. It is obtuse, having a blunt or rounded tip, at the apex. As well, the head of the corolla is glabrous, smooth outside, with a sparsely pubescent, hairy belt inside that is 7 mm (0.28 inch) wide and located just below the insertion point of the stamens. Otherwise, the corolla head is glabrous with a tube that is 10.5 to 12.3 times as long as the calyx, the outermost series of leaves, collectively called the sepals. Moreover the calyx is 1.4 to 1.8 times as long as the lobes, measuring at 3.7 cm (1.46 inch) to 4.2 cm (1.65 inches) long. The basal part of the corolla tube is narrowly cylindrical and is half of the length of the entire tube at 19 mm (0.75 inch) to 21 mm (0.83 inch) in length by 1.5 mm (0.059 inch) to 2 mm (0.079 inch) wide. The upper segment of the basal part is urceolate, or urn-shaped, and clearly narrowed at the throat, measuring 18 mm (.71 inch) to 21 mm (0.83 inch) long by 3mm (0.12 inch) by 4 mm (0.16 inch) wide at the mouth. The corolla lobes are obliquely ovate, a flatten egg-shape profile—running at 0.52 to 0.7 times as long as the corolla tube, which is 1.6 to 2 times as long it is wide. It measures 21 mm (.83 inch) to 30 mm (1.18 inch) by 11 mm (0.43 inch) to 15 mm (0.59 inch). The corolla lobes are obtuse at the apex of the tube.
The stamens, the male reproductive "organ" of a flower, have an apex that is 6 mm (0.24 inch) below the mouth of the corolla tube. They are inserted--below the sepals and petals of a flower—at 0.62 of the length of the corolla tube with a total length of 2.5 cm (0.98 inch) from the base. The anthers are very narrowly triangular at 5.25 to 5.75 times as long they are wide at 10.5 mm (0.41 inch) to 11.5 (0.45 inch) mm by 2 mm (0.078 inch). They are sparsely pubescent, hairy inside at the base of the connective, just below where they are located at the base of the pistil head. The fertile part of the pistil is 5 mm (0.20 inch) long. The stamens have an apex of 6 mm (0.24 inch) below the mouth of the corolla tube, inserted at 0.62 of the length of the corolla tube. That places it 2.5 cm (0.98 inch) from the base. Again the anthers are very narrowly triangular, 5.25-5.75 times as they are long as they are wide at 10.5 to 11.5 time 2 mm (0.078 inch). The anthers are sparsely pubescent inside at the base of the connective and just below where they occur with the base of the pistil head.
The pistil, the female organ of reproduction in a flower, on Pachypodium ambongense is 2.7 cm (01.06 inch) long. The ovary is 2 times 1.3 mm (0.51 inch) times 1.2 mm (0.47 inch). It is glabrous, and its disk is urceolate, urn-shape, 2.5 mm (0.98 inch) high. The pistil abruptly narrows at the throat. It is 5-lobed at the apex and entirely covers the ovary. The glabrous, smooth style--the usually slender part of a pistil, situated between the ovary and the stigma—is 22.7 mm (0.89 inch) long where it widens at the apex. The pistil head is 2.3 mm (.091 inch) high composed of an obconical--conical, but having the apex downward; inversely conical—basal part 1.3 times 0.6 mm (0.024 inch). The basal part has a ring-shaped central part 0.5 times 1.3 mm (0.051 inch) and a stigmoid--resembling the letter "S" or the lower-case Greek letter sigma (ς)--apex half the 0.9 mm (0.0395 inch). The ovules are approximately 50 in count in each carpel--one of the structural units of a pistil, representing a modified, ovule-bearing leaf.
Rapanarivo et al. base this data on Lavranos' earlier work
The fruit of Pachypodium ambongense consists of two mericaps, a carpel with one seed or one of a pair split apart at maturity. The mericaps are dark brown outside and whitish inside when dried. They are fusiform, tapering at each end and spindle-shaped. They measure approximately 15 cm (5.91 inch) in length and 1 cm (3.94 inch) in width. The encasement wall of the seeds is thin at 0.5 mm ( .0.020 inch) thick.
Endemic to Madagascar. The Namoroka Nat. 8.[2] Rare in the landscape.
Pachypodium ambongense grows on strongly eroded, Mesozoic calcareous rocks where the fissures are filled with humus. in the low open deciduous forest of the Western Forest zone, tolerating full sun to part sun. This habitat is consistency with the general tendency of Pachypodium to inhabit the western side of the island. Growing on a calcareous substrate suggests that this plant prefers only basic soil conditions, as Rapanarivo et al. did not find P. ambongense growing on other substrates as some species of Pachypodium do. Also its preference for low open forest mean that it can be found growing at an altitude of 100 m (328 feet) or less.
The plants that are often associated with its habitat are: Adenia firingalavensis Harms (Passifloraceae); Aloe sp. (Asphodelaceae); Cissus sp. (Vitaceae); Euphorbia viguieri (Euphorbiaceae); Lomatophyllum sp. (Liliaceae); Pachypodium rutenbergianum (Apocynaceae); Pandanus sp. (Pandanaceae); Uncarina sakalava Uncarina perrieri (Pedaliaceae); and Xerosicyos perrieri (Cucurbitaceae). Associated plants are key to understanding the ecology of a taxon because they often act as site indicators as to what the habitat consists of in the landscape and within the climate.
The[substrate should be loose peat with lime gravel. Temperatures from Spring to Autumn, as varied by night and day, should be between 18 °C (64.4 °F) and 38 °C (100.4 °F). To keep it in the winter temperatures should be between nocturnal 15 °C (59 °F) and diurnal 20 °C (68 °F). While in the dry season, moisten the soil only when the soil dries out completely, then only water slightly; so that the soil does not dry out completely. After the dry season, it needs a lot of water. It flowers after the Dry Season. When the Dry Season begins it does not say by Röösli or Rapanarivo et al.'s account of the habitat. Presumably, Winter would be the dry season unless otherwise noted, as is the case for Pachypodium namaquanum. In fact, Rowley states that all Pachypodium can be kept growing year round so long the temperature is like normal growing temperatures, which can be achieved under lights and in a Greenhouse. Growing year-round would likely interfere with the taxon's bloom cycle, it stand to reason.
Pachypodium ambongense is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It was first published as a species of the genus Pachypodium in 1924 by the botanist Henri Louis Poisson.
Having a habit as a shrub that is 1–2 m (3+1⁄2–6+1⁄2 ft) and bottle-shaped, Pachypodium ambongense inhabits the western low, open deciduous forest of Madagascar on a substrate of Mesozoic calcareous rock. It is fairly rare to the landscape, perhaps, suggesting a more specialized environment needed for it to grow. It is known by common name in Madagascar as "Songosongo" or "Betono."
Pachypodium ambongense (Poiss., 1924) è una pianta della famiglia delle Apocynaceae, endemica del Madagascar.
Ha il portamento di un piccolo arbusto, alto fino a 1-1,5 m, dal caratteristico tronco a forma di bottiglia, ricoperto da spine lunghe 5–10 mm.
Le foglie sono ellittico-obovate, 3-8 x 1,5–3 cm, dotate di un corto picciolo, disposte in rosetta all'apice del fusto.
I fiori, biancastri e larghi sino a 5,5 cm, sono raggruppati in infiorescenze di 1-8 fiori.[1]
L'areale della specie è ristretto al Madagascar nord-occidentale (provincia di Mahajanga). È una specie rara; alcuni esemplari si trovano all'interno del Parco nazionale Tsingy di Namoroka.[2]
Pachypodium ambongense (Poiss., 1924) è una pianta della famiglia delle Apocynaceae, endemica del Madagascar.
Видова назва дана за річкою Амбонго (Ambongo).[2]
Чагарник, який можуе досягти висоти 2 метрів, але найчастіше не перевищує і метра.
Pachypodium ambongense є одним з видів, аналогічних Pachypodium lamerei, тільки його стовбур має конічну форму і гілки утворюються на меншій висоті. Листя утворюють розетку навколо верхньої частини рослини і на кінчиках гілок. Крона галузиться бідно. Здвоєні колючки досить довгі і гострі, також аналогічні колючкам Pachypodium lamerei. Стовбур світло-зелений, вертикальний, опуклий в основі та звужується догори, за формою нагадує пляшку. Квітки білі з жовтим центром. Рогаті насіння (стручки) прямі, 10-15 см завдовжки, 15-20 мм завширшки, витягнуті, кінчик їх досить гострий. Вони дуже відрізняються від товстих, важких стручків Pachypodium lamerei, Pachypodium rutenbergianum, Pachypodium meridionale і Pachypodium sofiense з їх округленою вершиною, і нагадують стручки Pachypodium decaryi та південноафриканського виду Pachypodium saundersii.
Ця рослина була зібрана в дуже невеликій кількості, тому її положення серед інших білоквіткових видів поки неясно. Анрі Пер'є в 1934 р. встановив, що цей вид відрізняється від всіх інших білоквіткових пахіподіумів довжиною нижньої трубки віночка, яка дорівнює, або навіть перевищує довжину верхньої трубки. Верхня трубка роздута, а до зіва різко звужується.
Мадагаскарський ендемік, який зростає на вапнякових породах в провінції Махадзанга в районі річки Амбонго (Ambongo) в заповіднику Наморока (Namoroka) розташованому в низовині на південь від міста Соалала (Soalala).
Pachypodium ambongense росте в напівтіні листяного сухого лісу на висоті близько 100 м над рівнем моря на ерозивних вапняних скелях у щілинах, заповнених чорним перегноєм. У цьому середовищі проживання виростають також Uncarina perrieri, Uncarina sakalava, Pachypodium rutenbergianum і види Euphorbia, Commiphora, Cyphostemma і Lomatophyllum. Це дуже спекотна область, щорічна середня температура якої становить 27 °C. Термометр тут ніколи не показує нижче 10 — 11 °C, але може показати і 40 °C. Опади складають 1300 мм на рік, сухий сезон триває 7 місяців.
Pachypodium ambongense входить до списку I Конвенції про міжнародну торгівлю видами дикої фауни і флори, що перебувають під загрозою зникнення (CITES).[3]
Pachypodium ambongense повинен бути розміщений на повному світлі з великою кількістю води в теплу пору року і значно меншою в прохолодні місяці. Ґрунт має бути повітре- і вологопроникний, добре дренований.
Pachypodium ambongense là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ La bố ma. Loài này được Poiss. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1922.[1]
Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ La bố ma này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Pachypodium ambongense là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ La bố ma. Loài này được Poiss. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1922.
安博棒錘樹（学名：Pachypodium ambongense），又名安博象鼻，屬於夾竹桃科下的棒錘樹屬，最初是於1924年描述。它們高1-2米，呈樽形。在馬達加斯加西部中生代石灰岩上的落葉林內生長。在造園中很少會見到它們。
安博棒錘樹高1-2米，呈亞球狀，兩側扁平。它們的直徑介乎10-40厘米。整體像樽形。樹皮呈灰綠色，表面光滑。短枝就在花序之下，直徑長7-18厘米。小枝長18-40毫米及闊5-6毫米，由成對的直刺針所覆蓋，刺針長2-10厘米及闊0.5-3厘米。初長的軟毛很稀疏。
安博棒錘樹的葉子集中在小枝的頂端。葉柄長2-10毫米。葉身呈深綠色，中脈頂呈淡綠色，底呈淡綠色至淡灰色。枯葉像紙張。葉子有兩種形狀：
葉子長度為闊度的1.9-3.4倍，一般長3.5-9厘米及闊1.5-3厘米。末端較頓或圓，呈楔形，基部沿柄向下生長。它們有軟毛，中脈及二級脈在底部很明顯。葉子上一共有23-32條二級脈，都是成對的，基部直而末端彎曲，與葉脈及中脈形成45-85°的角度。三級脈成網狀，被軟毛所覆蓋。
安博棒錘樹的花序是無柄的。花朵密集成長6-8厘米及闊3-5厘米，花序有1-8支花。花序的主軸呈深綠色，長0-5毫米及闊2-4毫米。花序有稀疏的軟毛或無毛。單支花朵的花柄呈綠色，長4-10毫米，也是有稀疏的軟毛或無毛的。花序的苞片呈卵圓形，長2毫米及闊1毫米，逐漸收窄成尖端，外面有軟毛而內側無毛。
安博棒錘樹花朵的萼片呈淡綠色，基部約0.2毫米是合生的，呈卵圓形。萼片過了成熟期也不會脫落。它們長1.5-2毫米，闊3-4毫米。萼片末端收窄，且有硬毛。萼片外面一般都有稀疏的軟毛或是無毛的，內側差不多完全無毛。
安博棒錘樹的花冠呈白色，在外的花冠筒呈淡綠黃色，在內的花冠喉呈黃綠色。花冠長4.3-6厘米，呈闊卵形。花冠頂長17-23毫米及闊4-10毫米，末端較頓或圓，外側無毛，內側在近花柄處有稀疏的軟毛。花萼的長度是裂片的1.4-1.8倍，長3.7-4.2厘米。花冠筒的基部是窄的圓柱體，上基部呈壺狀，在花冠喉收窄，開口只有3-4毫米闊。裂片呈卵形，長21-30毫米及闊11-15毫米。
雄蕊端位於花冠口下6毫米處，長2.5厘米，頂部長6毫米。花藥呈三角形，近基部處有軟毛。
雌蕊長2.7厘米，子房長2毫米、闊1.3毫米及高1.2毫米，受粉部份長5毫米。它們無毛，花盤呈壺狀，高2.5毫米。雌蕊有5個心皮，完全覆蓋子房。花柱無毛，位於子房及雄蕊之間，長22.7毫米。每個心皮有約50個胚珠。
安博棒錘樹的果實由两个各含有一粒种子的心皮，或是成熟时裂成两半的心皮组成。干燥的心皮外部是深褐色，心皮为纺锤状，两段尖。心皮长约15厘米，宽约1厘米。種子的種皮很薄，只有0.5毫米厚。[1]
安博棒錘樹是馬達加斯加的特有種。它們生長在西部的低地落葉林。
安博棒錘樹在中生代嚴重侵蝕的石灰岩上生長，因石縫間填滿了腐殖質。由此可知它們只需要鹼性的土壤環境就可生長。[1]另外，它們也只適合在海拔100米以下的地方生長。
安博棒錘樹所生長的環境一般也長有飛龍、西番蓮科、蘆薈、白粉滕屬、大戟屬、穗百合屬、鬼金棒（Pachypodium rutenbergianum）、露兜、艷桐草屬及沙葫蘆屬。
安博棒錘樹須在有石灰碎石的泥炭中種植。於春天至秋天，溫度須保持在18-38℃；冬天晚上則要保持在15℃，日間在20℃。在乾旱季節，只須在土壤完全乾涸後才澆小量的水。乾旱季節後，它們需要大量的水份來開花。[2]
