Biology
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fishbase
Appears to live in groups of a few individuals. Feeds on algae (Ref. 12225).
Comprehensive Description
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الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Steindachnerina runa
DIAGNOSIS.—The numerous tabulate fleshy processes on the roof of the oral cavity, absence of a wide, flattened prepelvic region of the body, absence of a distinct dark spot on the basal portion of the middle rays of the dorsal fin, and the limitation of the midlateral stripe on the body to the posterior half of the body discriminate Steindachnerina runa from its congeners.
DESCRIPTION.—Body moderately elongate, moderately compressed. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex from tip of snout to vertical through posterior nostril, straight or slightly convex from that point to rear of head. Dorsal profile of body smoothly curved and slightly convex from rear of head to origin of dorsal fin; straight and posteroventrally slanted at base of dorsal fin, straight or gently convex from base of last dorsal-fin ray to caudal peduncle. Dorsal body surface with an indistinct median keel immediately anterior to dorsal fin, smoothly rounded transversely posterior to fin. Ventral profile of body gently curved from tip of lower jaw to caudal peduncle, more so in gravid females. Prepelvic region somewhat flattened, but without distinct lateral keels; median series of scales present to varying degrees anterior to insertion of pelvic fins. Postpelvic region irregularly rounded transversely.
Greatest depth of body 0.34–0.38 [0.38], gravid females relatively deeper; snout tip to origin of dorsal fin 0.49–0.52 [0.50]; snout tip to origin of anal fin 0.83–0.88 [0.83]; snout tip to insertion of pelvic fin 0.52–0.56 [0.53]; snout tip to anus 0.78–0.84 [0.78]; origin of rayed dorsal fin to hypural joint 0.55–0.59 [0.58]. Dorsal fin distinctly pointed with anteriormost rays elongate and posterior margin distinctly emarginate, anteriormost rays five and one-half to six and one half times length of ultimate ray. Pectoral fin obtusely pointed; length of pectoral fin 0.20–0.23 [0.21], extends nearly to vertical line through insertion of pelvic fin in smaller specimens, falling somewhat short of that point in larger individuals. Pelvic fin pointed, length of pelvic fin 0.22–0.27 [0.23], reaches nearly to anus in smaller specimens, falls somewhat short of that point in larger specimens. Caudal fin forked. Adipose fin well developed. Anal fin distinctly emarginate, anteriormost branched rays about three times length of ultimate ray. Caudal peduncle depth 0.12–0.14 [0.13].
Head obtusely pointed in profile, head length 0.28–0.32 [0.28]; mouth distinctly inferior; portion of buccopharyngeal complex on roof of oral cavity in adults consisting of multiple tabulate fleshy bodies; snout length 0.30–0.34 [0.33]; nostrils very close, anterior circular, posterior crescent-shaped, with aperture partially closed by thin flap of skin separating nares; orbital diameter 0.29–0.33 [0.33]; adipose eyelid present, poorly developed posterior to eye, with broad vertically ovoid opening over center of eye; length of postorbital portion of head 0.38–0.42 [0.42]; gape width 0.28–0.33 [0.33]; interorbital width 0.38–0.42 [0.40].
Pored lateral-line scales to hypural joint 36 to 40 [38]; all scales of lateral line pored, canals in scales straight; 4 to 5 series of scales extend beyond hypural joint onto caudal-fin base; 5½ to 6½ [6½] scales in transverse series from origin of rayed dorsal fin to lateral line; 4½ to 5½ [5½] scales in transverse series from lateral line to origin of anal fin.
Dorsal-fin rays ii,9 or iii,9 (when three unbranched rays present, first very short) [iii,9]; anal-fin rays ii,7 or iii,7 (when three unbranched rays present, first very short) [ii,7]; pectoral-fin raysl4 tol7 [16]; pelvic-fin rays i,8 [i,8].
Total vertebrae 32 (3), 33 (15).
COLOR IN ALCOHOL.—Overall coloration of specimens retaining some guanine on scales silvery golden to golden, darker with a purplish sheen on dorsal portions of head and body (Figure 50). Specimens lacking guanine on scales yellowish tan, with scattered dark chromatophores on dorsal portion of body (Figure 51). Head distinctly darker dorsally. Specimens of about 40 mm SL with faint but distinct midlateral band of dark pigmentation extending along posterior portion of lateral line and onto middle rays of caudal fin (Figure 52). Midlateral stripe becoming more prominent in larger specimens (Figures 50, 51), about one scale wide posteriorly, narrower anteriorly; stripe somewhat masked in specimens retaining guanine on scales. Narrow anterior portion in larger specimens begins approximately at vertical line through insertion of anterior portion dorsal-fin ray. Stripe becoming distinctly wider about four scales anterior of vertical line through anterior of insertion of adipose fin. Wider portion of stripe extends onto caudal-fin base and is continuous with dark band on middle rays of dorsal fin. Dorsal fin with elongate anterior rays darker, fin lacking discrete dark spot near base of middle fin-rays characteristic of many Steindachnerina species. Anal fin hyaline. Caudal fin hyaline other than for dark band on middle rays. Paired fins hyaline.
ETYMOLOGY.—The trivial name, runa, from the Latin for javelin, refers to the javelin-shaped darkly pigmented area on the midlateral surface of the caudal peduncle.
DISTRIBUTION.—The Fleuve Oyapock (Rio Oiapoque) system of French Guiana and Brazil, the Fleuve Maroni (Morawijne River) of French Guiana and Surinam, and the Surinam River in Surinam (Figure 53). The species also presumably occurs in the intervening smaller coastal rivers in French Guiana. Examination of the extensive series of curimatids collected by Dr. Michael Goulding of the Museu Goeldi in various rivers of the state of Amapa, Brazil, to the south of the Rio Oiapoque has not revealed any specimens of Steindachnerina runa, or indeed any member of the genus. Thus, it seems likely that the species and genus are absent in the coastal rivers between the Rio Oiapoque (Oyapock River) and lower Rio Amazonas. Numerous collecting efforts in Surinam by various researchers in the rivers lying to the west of the known range of S. runa, including extensive sampling of the fish fauna of the Corantijn River by the author, failed to reveal the presence of that species or any member of Steindachnerina in that region.
HABITAT.—The type locality, Marowijne Creek, had running water approximately 150 cm deep over a sand and leaf bottom. The paratypes from French Guiana were collected in Criqué Kamaloea, a 4 to 8 m wide tributary of the Fleuve Maroni (Morawijne River), approximately 30 to 200 cm deep, in running water over a sand and gravel bottom.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—66 type specimens (66, 38.3–93.8).
HOLOTYPE.—SURINAM. Brokopondo: Morawijne or Gran Creek, 63 km S of Afobaka, collected by H. Nijssen, 20 Oct 1966, ZMA 120.501, 91.5 mm.
PARATYPES.—SURINAM. Brokopondo: Taken with holotype, ZMA 119.426, 40 (38.3–90.3); USNM 300000, 10 (57.6–92.7); ZMA 119.427, 1 (88.7).
FRENCH GUIANA. Criqué Kamaloea or Saloea, right bank tributary of the Fleuve Maroni (Marowijne River), about 9 KM SE of mouth of Gran Creek in Surinam, ZMA 119.428, 14 (57.4–93.8).
The following non-type specimens were also examined.
FRENCH GUIANA. Creek above Trois Sauts (02°15′N, 52°53′W). upper course of Fleuve Oyapock, ZMA 107.787, 2. Críque Pakoti, near Trois Sauts (02°15′N 52°53′W), 1. Criqué Alikene, left bank tributary to Fleuve Camopi, Fleuve Oyapock system, ZMA 119.708, 3 (60.5–75.3). Saut Maripa, Fleuve Oyapock (03°48′N, 51°54′W), ZMA 107.699, 4.
BRAZIL. Rio Oiapoque, Brazilian shore of river midway between St. Georges and Petit François on the French Guiana shore of river, USNM 298301, 1.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Vari, Richard P. 1991. "Systematics of the neotropical characiform genus Steindachnerina Fowler (Pisces: Ostariophysi)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-118. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.507
瓦氏斯坦達脂鯉: Brief Summary
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الصينية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia 中文维基百科
瓦氏斯坦達脂鯉，為輻鰭魚綱脂鯉目脂鯉亞目無齒脂鯉科的其中一個種，分布於南美洲蘇利南至Oyapock河間的淡水流域，體長可達9.4公分，棲息在底中層水域，成群活動，以藻類為食，生活習性不明。
这是一篇關於魚類的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 