Cupaniopsis

Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 67 species of trees and shrubs of the soapberry family, Sapindaceae.^[3] They grow naturally in New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia, Torres Strait Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Sulawesi, Micronesia.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} Many species have been threatened with extinction globally or nationally, with official recognition by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and several national and state governments.

Tuckeroo is a common name suffix for some species in Australia.^[7][8][9]

C. anacardioides has been introduced into the United States, where in some parts they are invasive plants, primarily in Florida and Hawaii, where the common name Carrotwood applies.^[10]

Conservation

At global, national and government regional scales, many Cupaniopsis species have been threatened with extinction, as officially recognised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), governments of Australia, New Caledonia and so on.

Globally, the New Caledonian endemic species C. crassivalvis has become extinct according to the IUCN's 1998 assessment.^[11] Seven species endemic to New Caledonia have become endangered with global extinction according to the IUCN's 1998 assessments. Five species endemic to New Guinea, one endemic to New Caledonia and one endemic to Sulawesi have become vulnerable to global extinction according to the IUCN's 1998 and 2010 assessments.

In Australia, C. shirleyana and C. tomentella, small trees endemic to small areas of southeastern Queensland (Qld), have obtained the "vulnerable" species Australian government's national conservation status and together also with C. cooperorum, the Qld government's "vulnerable" species state conservation status.^{[12][13][14]: 48} C. newmannii small trees in eastern Qld have obtained the Qld government's "near threatened" species state conservation status.^[14]: 67 C. serrata small trees in northeastern New South Wales (NSW) have obtained the NSW government's "endangered" species state conservation status.^[15]

Naming and classification

European science formally named and described this genus in 1879 using C. anacardioides for the type species, authored by Bavarian botanist Ludwig A. T. Radlkofer.^[1][2][6]

In 1991 a 190-page monograph of the whole genus was published by Dutch botanist Frits Adema.^[16]

Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds, from 1984 to 1991 published new formal scientific names, descriptions, updates and species clarifications, in her scientific journal articles and the Flora of Australia treatment.^[8][9][17]

Species

C. anacardioides fruits and foliage

C. baileyana leaves and flowers

C. flagelliformis var. australis seedling

C. newmanii young plant foliage

C. wadsworthii flowers

C. wadsworthii foliage and unripe fruit

C. wadsworthii foliage and ripe fruit

This listing was sourced from the Australian Plant Name Index and Australian Plant Census,^[2] the Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants information system,^[3] the Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea,^[4] the Checklist of the vascular indigenous Flora of New Caledonia,^[5] Flora Malesiana,^[6] Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest,^[18] "The Endemic Plants of Micronesia",^[19] Plants in Samoan Culture,^[20] Flora Vitiensis (Fiji),^[21] the 2013 Census of the Queensland Flora,^[22] the Flora of New South Wales,^[7] and the Flora of Australia.^[9]

• Cupaniopsis acuticarpa Adema – New Guinea^[4][23] – Vulnerable^[24]
• Cupaniopsis amoena A.C.Sm. – Fiji endemic^[21]
• Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A.Rich.) Radlk., Tuckeroo – NSW,^[25] Qld,^[18][26] NT, WA, Australia,^[27] New Guinea^[4][28]
• Cupaniopsis apiocarpa Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis azantha Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis baileyana Radlk. – NE. NSW,^[29] to SE. Qld endemic, Australia^[30]
• Cupaniopsis bilocularis Adema – New Guinea^[4][31]
• Cupaniopsis bullata Adema – New Guinea^[4][32] – Vulnerable^[33]
• Cupaniopsis celebica Adema – Sulawesi^[34]
• Cupaniopsis chytradenia Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis concolor (Gillespie) R.W.Ham – Fiji endemic^[21]
• Cupaniopsis cooperorum P.I.Forst.^[35] – NE. Qld endemic,^[18][36] Australia^[37]
• Cupaniopsis crassivalvis Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5] – Extinct^[11]
• Cupaniopsis curvidens Radlk. – New Guinea^[4][38]
• Cupaniopsis dallachyi S.T.Reynolds – NE. Qld endemic,^[18][39] Australia^[40]
• Cupaniopsis diploglottoides Adema – NE. Qld endemic,^[18][41] Australia^[42]
• Cupaniopsis euneura Adema – New Guinea^[4][43] – Vulnerable^[44]
• Cupaniopsis flagelliformis (F.M.Bailey) Radlk. – NSW,^[45] Qld,^[46] Australia^[47]
  • var. australis S.T.Reynolds – NE. NSW,^[48] to SE. Qld endemic, Australia^[49]
  • var. flagelliformis – Cape York to NE. Qld endemic,^[18] Australia^[50]
• Cupaniopsis fleckeri S.T.Reynolds – Torres Strait Is., Cape York Peninsula, Qld endemic,^[18][51] Australia^[52]
• Cupaniopsis foveolata (F.Muell.) Radlk. – Cape York Peninsula, NE to central E. Qld, endemic,^[18][53] Australia^[54]
• Cupaniopsis fruticosa Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis glabra Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5] – Endangered^[55]
• Cupaniopsis globosa Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5] – Vulnerable^[56]
• Cupaniopsis glomeriflora Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis grandiflora Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis grisea Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis guillauminii (Kaneh.) Adema – Chuuk Islands endemic (Micronesia)^[19]
• Cupaniopsis hypodermatica Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis inoplea Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis kajewskii Merr. & L.M.Perry – New Guinea^[4]
• Cupaniopsis leptobotrys (A.Gray) Radlk. – Fiji endemic^[21]
• Cupaniopsis mackeeana Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis macrocarpa Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
  • var. macrocarpa – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
  • var. polyphylla – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis macropetala Radlk. – New Guinea^[4][57]
• Cupaniopsis megalocarpa Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis mouana Guillaumin – New Caledonia endemic^[5] – Endangered^[58]
• Cupaniopsis myrmoctona Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis napaensis Adema – New Guinea^[59] – Vulnerable^[60]
• Cupaniopsis newmanii S.T.Reynolds – NE. NSW,^[61] to SE. Qld endemic, Australia^[62]
• Cupaniopsis oedipoda Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis papillosa P.I.Forst.,^[63] syn.: C. sp. (Tully Falls) – NE. Qld endemic,^[18][64] Australia
• Cupaniopsis parvifolia (F.M.Bailey) L.A.S.Johnson – NE. NSW,^[65] to E. Qld,^[18] endemic, Australia^[66]
• Cupaniopsis pennelii Guillaumin – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis petiolulata Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis phalacrocarpa Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis phanerophlebia Merr. & L.M.Perry – New Guinea^[4][67] – Vulnerable^[68]
• Cupaniopsis platycarpa Radlk. – New Guinea^[4][69]
• Cupaniopsis rhytidocarpa Adema – New Guinea^[4][70]
• Cupaniopsis rosea Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5] – Endangered^[71]
• Cupaniopsis rotundifolia Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5] – Endangered^[72]
• Cupaniopsis samoensis Christoph. – Samoa endemic^[20]
• Cupaniopsis serrata (F.Muell.) Radlk. – NE. NSW,^[15][73] to SE. Qld endemic, Australia^[74]
• Cupaniopsis shirleyana (F.M.Bailey) Radlk. – SE. Qld endemic, Australia^[12][75]
• Cupaniopsis simulata S.T.Reynolds – NE. to SE. Qld,^[18] endemic, Australia^[76]
• Cupaniopsis squamosa Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5] – Endangered^[77]
• Cupaniopsis stenopetala Radlk. – New Guinea, Moluccas^[4][78]
• Cupaniopsis strigosa Adema – Sulawesi^[79] – Vulnerable^[80]
• Cupaniopsis subfalcata Adema – New Caledonia endemic^[5] – Endangered^[81]
• Cupaniopsis sylvatica Guillaumin – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis tomentella (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Reynolds – SE. Qld endemic, Australia^[13][82]
• Cupaniopsis tontoutensis Guillaumin – New Caledonia endemic^[5] – Endangered^[83]
• Cupaniopsis trigonocarpa Radlk. – New Caledonia endemic^[5]
• Cupaniopsis vitiensis Radlk. – Fiji endemic^[21]
• Cupaniopsis wadsworthii (F.Muell.) Radlk. – NE. to E. central Qld,^[18] endemic, Australia^[84]

Species accepted by the official Census of the Queensland Flora 2013, while awaiting formal naming, description and publication^[22]

• Cupaniopsis sp. (Biggenden J.Randall 600) – Biggenden and Childers areas, SE. central Queensland
• Cupaniopsis sp. (Watalgan A.R.Bean 8611) – Gladstone region, E. central Queensland

References

Cited works

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cupaniopsis.

• Harden, Gwen J. (July 2001). "Cupaniopsis – New South Wales Flora Online". PlantNET – The Plant Information Network System. 2.0. Sydney, Australia: The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust. Retrieved 16 Dec 2013.
• F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Home". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
• Reynolds, Sally T. (1985). "Cupaniopsis Radlk.". Flora of Australia: Volume 25—Melianthaceae to Simaroubaceae (online version). Flora of Australia series. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 87–93. ISBN 978-0-644-03724-2. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013.
• Adema, Frits (1994). "Cupaniopsis Radlk.". In Adema, Frits; Leenhouts, Pieter W.; van Welzen, Peter C. (eds.). Flora Malesiana. Series I, Spermatophyta : Flowering Plants. Vol. 11 pt. 3: Sapindaceae. Leiden, The Netherlands: Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden University. pp. 493–506. ISBN 90-71236-21-8.

Cupaniopsis es un género de 66 especies de arbustos y árboles perteneciente a la familia Sapindaceae. Son nativos de Nueva Guinea, Nueva Caledonia, Australia y Fiyi. En Australia, son conocidos comúnmente como tuckeroos.

Una especie Australiana, C. anacardioides, es una planta invasora en algunas zonas de EE. UU., principalmente en Florida y Hawái.

Especies seleccionadas

• Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A.Rich.) Radlk.
• Cupaniopsis baileyana Radlk.
• Cupaniopsis cooperorum P.I.Forst.
• Cupaniopsis curvidentata (F.M.Bailey) Radlk.
• Cupaniopsis dallachyi S.T.Reynolds
• Cupaniopsis diploglottoides Adema
• Cupaniopsis flagelliformis (F.M.Bailey) Radlk.
• Cupaniopsis fleckeri S.T.Reynolds
• Cupaniopsis foveolata (F.Muell.) Radlk.
• Cupaniopsis newmanii S.T.Reynolds
• Cupaniopsis papillosa P.I.Forst.
• Cupaniopsis parvifolia (F.M.Bailey) L.A.S.Johnson
• Cupaniopsis serrata (F.Muell.) Radlk.
• Cupaniopsis shirleyana (F.M.Bailey) Radlk.
• Cupaniopsis simulatus S.T.Reynolds
• Cupaniopsis tomentella (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Reynolds
• Cupaniopsis wadsworthii (F.Muell.) Radlk.

Cupaniopsis est un genre de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Sapindaceae. Il compte 63 espèces originaires d'Australie, de Nouvelle-Guinée, de Nouvelle-Calédonie et des îles Fidji. En Australie ces plantes sont appelées tuckeroos. Cupaniopsis anacardioides originaire d'Australie s'est naturalisée à Hawaii et en Floride où elle est considérée comme une plante indésirable. Ces arbustes peuvent être parasités par Encarsia citrina (Craw 1891)^[2].

Description

Ce sont des arbres ou arbustes, aux feuilles exstipulées, alternes, composées ; les folioles sont alternes ou opposées, entières. Les fleurs sont régulières ou irrégulières, en panicules axillaires et sub-terminales. Il y a 4 ou 5 sépales, libres ou connotés à la base, imbriqués, sur deux rangs. Les pétales sont au nombre de 4-5 ou absents, avec ou sans écailles. Le disque est annulaire, charnu, glabre. On compte 6–10 étamines, parfois moins, libres, généralement exsudées. L'ovaire est ovoïde ou obovoïde, à 2-4 localisés ; les ovules sont solitaires. Le fruit est une capsule à 2–4 lobes, les lobes connotés ou libres, parfois comprimés. Les graines sont sub-globuleuses à oblongues, arrondies^[3].

Liste des espèces

Selon Plants of the World online (POWO) (10 mars 2021)^[4] :

Notes et références

Cupaniopsis er en planteslekt av løvtrær i såpebærfamilien(Sapindaceae). Den tilhører hovedgruppen i familien, dvs. den store underfamilien Sapindadeae som omfatter ca. 135 av familiens anslått 140 arter.

Eksterne lenker

• (en) Cupaniopsis i Encyclopedia of Life
• (en) Cupaniopsis i Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• (en) Cupaniopsis hos NCBI
• (en) Cupaniopsis hos ITIS
• (en) Cupaniopsis hos Tropicos
• (en) Cupaniopsis hos The International Plant Names Index
• (en) Kategori:Cupaniopsis – bilder, video eller lyd på Wikimedia Commons
• Cupaniopsis – detaljert informasjon på Wikispecies

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Cupaniopsis é um género botânico pertencente à família Sapindaceae^[1].

Espécies seleccionadas

• Cupaniopsis acuticarpa
• Cupaniopsis amoena
• Cupaniopsis anacardioides
• Cupaniopsis angustifolia
• Cupaniopsis bullata
• Cupaniopsis celebica
• Cupaniopsis concolor
• Cupaniopsis dunnii
• Cupaniopsis globosa
• Cupaniopsis papuana
• Cupaniopsis rosea
• Cupaniopsis serrata
• Cupaniopsis trigonocarpa
• Cupaniopsis vitiensis