مقالات Pollenia - موسوعة الحياة

Associations ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK

Animal / parasite / endoparasite
larva of Pollenia endoparasitises Lumbricidae

Animal / parasite / endoparasite
larva of Pollenia endoparasitises Lepidoptera
Other: minor host/prey

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Cluster fly ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Cluster flies (a.k.a. grass flies or attic flies) are flies of the genus Pollenia in the family Polleniidae. Unlike the more familiar blow flies, such as the bluebottle genus Phormia, they are completely harmless to human health because they do not lay eggs in human food. They are parasitic on earthworms; the females lay their eggs near earthworm burrows, and the larvae then feed on the worms. But the biology of this group is relatively poorly known and a few have been recorded from other hosts including caterpillars and bees.^[13]

Cluster flies seek refuge in cold weather and find their way into attic spaces and similar areas indoors. They often emerge on warm days, and cluster at windows attempting to exit (hence the name).^[14]

Pollenia sp. on leaves in a forest

The typical grass fly Pollenia rudis is about 7 mm long and can be recognised by distinct lines or stripes behind the head, short golden-coloured hairs on the thorax, and irregular light and dark gray areas on the abdomen. Cluster flies are typically slow-moving.

Cluster flies have a widespread distribution. Eight species are found in Britain and 31 in Europe. Pollenia species are also numerous in Australia and New Zealand (over 30 species); they are common in North America. P. rudis has spread widely in association with humans.^[15]

Species

P. advena Dear, 1986^[16]
P. aerosa Dear, 1986^[16]
P. agneteae Rognes, 2019^[17]
P. alajensis Rohdendorf, 1926^[18]
P. amentaria (Scopoli, 1763)^[19]
P. angustigena Wainwright, 1940^[20]
P. antipodea Dear, 1986^[16]
P. astrictifrons Dear, 1986^[16]
P. atramentaria (Meigen, 1826)^[21]
P. atricoma Dear, 1986^[16]
P. atrifemur Malloch, 1930^[22]
P. bartaki Rognes, 2016^[23]
P. bezziana Rognes, 1992^[24]
P. bicolor Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830^[1]
P. bulgarica Jacentkovsky, 1939^[25]
P. calamisessa Hardy, 1932^[26]
P. chotei Kurahashi & Tumrasvin, 1979^[27]
P. commensurata Dear, 1986^[16]
P. consanguinea Dear, 1986^[16]
P. consectata Dear, 1986^[16]
P. contempta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863^[4]
P. cuprea Malloch, 1930^[22]
P. dasypoda Portschinsky, 1881^[28]
P. demissa (Hutton, 1901)^[5]
P. dysaethria Dear, 1986^[16]
P. dyscheres Dear, 1986^[16]
P. dysethria Dear, 1986^[16]
P. enetera Dear, 1986^[16]
P. erlangshanna Feng, 2004^[29]
P. eurybregma Dear, 1986^[16]
P. flindersi Hardy, 1932^[26]
P. fulviantenna Dear, 1986^[16]
P. fulvipalpis Macquart 1835^[30]
P. fumosa (Hutton, 1901)^[5]
P. griseotomentosa (Jacentkovsky 1944)^[11]
P. grunini Rognes, 1988^[31]
P. haeretica Séguy, 1928^[32]
P. hazarae (Senior-White, 1923)^[33]
P. hirticeps Malloch, 1927^[34]
P. hispida Dear, 1986^[16]
P. huangshanensis Fan & Chen, 1997^[35]
P. hungarica Rognes, 1987^[36]
P. ibalia Séguy, 1930^[37]
P. immanis Dear, 1986^[16]
P. insularis Dear, 1986^[16]
P. japonica Kano & Shinonaga, 1966^[38]
P. labialis Robineau-Desvoidy 1863^[4]
P. lativertex Dear, 1986^[16]
P. leclercqiana (Lehrer 1978)^[39]
P. limpida Dear, 1986^[16]
P. luteovillosa Rognes 1987^[36]
P. margarita Schluesslmayr & Sivell, 2021^[40]
P. mayeri Jacentkovsky 1941^[9]
P. mediterranea Grunin 1966^[41]
P. mesopotamica Mawlood & Abdul-Rassoul, 2009^[42]
P. moravica (Jacentkovský, 1941)^[8]
P. moretonensis Macquart, 1855^[43]
P. mystica Rognes, 1988^[31]
P. nigripalpis Dear, 1986^[16]
P. nigripes Malloch, 1930^[22]
P. nigrisquama Malloch, 1930^[22]
P. nigrita Malloch, 1936^[44]
P. notialis Dear, 1986^[16]
P. opalina Dear, 1986^[16]
P. oreia Dear, 1986^[16]
P. paragrunini Rognes, 1988^[31]
P. paupera Rondani, 1862^[45]
P. pectinata Grunin, 1966^[41]
P. pediculata Macquart 1834^[46]
P. pernix (Hutton, 1901)^[5]
P. ponti Rognes, 1991^[47]
P. primaeva Dear, 1986^[16]
P. pseudintermedia Rognes, 1987^[48]
P. pseudomelanurus (Feng, 2004)^[29]
P. pulverea Dear, 1986^[16]
P. rudis (Fabricius, 1794)^[3]
P. ruficrura Rondani, 1862^[45]
P. rufifemorata Rognes & Baz, 2008^[49]
P. sakulasi (Kurahashi, 1987)^[50]
P. sandaraca Dear, 1986^[16]
P. scalena Dear, 1986^[16]
P. semicinerea Villeneuve, 1911^[51]
P. shaanxiensis Fan & Wu, 1997^[35]
P. sichuanensis Feng, 2004^[29]
P. similis (Jacentkovsky, 1941)^[8]
P. stigi Rognes, 1992^[24]
P. stolida Malloch, 1936^[44]
P. tenuiforceps Séguy, 1928^[32]
P. townsendi Senior-White, Aubertin & Smart, 1940^[52]
P. umbrifera (Walker, 1861)^[53]
P. uniseta Dear, 1986^[16]
P. vagabunda (Meigen 1826)^[21]
P. venturii Zumpt, 1956^[54]
P. vera Jacentkovsky, 1936^[55]
P. verneri Rognes, 1992^[24]
P. viatica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830^[1]^[56]
P. viridiventris Macquart, 1847^[57]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Robineau-Desvoidy, André Jean Baptiste (1830). "Essai sur les myodaires". Mémoires presentés à l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts, par divers savants et lus dans ses assemblées: Sciences, Mathématiques et Physique. 2 (2): 1–813. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
^ Sabrosky, Curtis W. (1999). "Family-Group Names in Diptera An annotated catalog" (PDF). MYIA, the International Journal of the North American Dipterists' Society. Leidan: Backhuys Publishers. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
^ ^a ^b Fabricius, J.C. (1794). Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Vol. 4. Hafniae [=Copenhagen]: C. G. Proft. pp. [6] + 472 + [5] pp.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Robineau-Desvoidy, Jean-Baptiste (1863). Histoire naturelle des dipteres des environs de Paris (PDF). Vol. Tome second. Masson et Fils, Paris. pp. 1–920. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hutton, Frederick Wollaston (1901). "Synopsis of the Diptera Brachycera of New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 33: 1–95. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
^ Curran, C.H. (1927). "Some new Australasian and African Diptera of the families Muscidae and Tachinidae (Dipt.)". Entomologische Mitteilungen. 16: 345–357.
^ ^a ^b ^c Enderlein, G (1936). "Ordnung: Zweiflügler, Diptera. In: Brohmer P, Ehrmann P, Ulmer G (Eds)". Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas. Insekten, Teil II. 6 (22): 1–259.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Jacentkovsky, Dimitrij (1941). "Kuklice (Tachinoidea, Diptera) Moravy a Slezska". Acta Societatis Scientiarum Naturalium Moravicae. 13: 1–64. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b Jacentkovský, D. (1941). "Pollenia mayeri n. sp. Calliphoridae, Tachinoidea) nová kuklice z Moravy [Pollenia mayeri n. sp. (Calliphoridae, Tachinoidea) eine neue Raupenflige aus Mähren". Entomologické listy (in Czech). 4: 14–16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jacentkovský, D (1942). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der gattung Pollenia R.D. (Calliphoridae, Tachinoidae, Diptera)". Rozpravy Vedecké Spolecnosti Badatelské pri Ruské Svobodné Universite v Praze. 11 (16) (84): 193–225.
^ ^a ^b Jacentkovský, D (1944). "Další příspěvek k zvířeně kuklkic (Tachinoidea, Dipt.) Moravy [Weiterer Beitrag zur Fauna der Raupenfliegen (Tachinoidea, Dipt.) Mährens]". Entomologické listy (in Czech). 7: 45–49.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Lehrer, A. Z. (1963). "Études sur les Diptères Calliphorides. I. – La classification des Polleniinae palearctiques et leur dispersion en Roumanie". Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique. 99: 285–310.
^ Jewiss-Gaines, A. et al. Cluster Flies (Calliphoridae: Polleniinae: Pollenia) of North America
^ Sivell, Olga (2021). "Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Polleniidae, Rhiniidae)". RES Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. 10 (16): 1–208. ISBN 9781910159064.
^ Gisondi, Silvia; Rognes, Knut; Badano, Davide; Pape, Thomas (2020). "The world Polleniidae (Diptera, Oestroidea): key to genera and checklist of species". ZooKeys (971): 105–155. doi:10.3897/zookeys.971.51283. PMC 7538466. PMID 33061774. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab Dear, J.P. (1986). "Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera)". Fauna of New Zealand. 8: 1–86.
^ Rognes, Knut (2019). "The Calliphoridae (Diptera) of Armenia". Zootaxa. 4576 (2): 375–391. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.11. PMID 31715769. S2CID 131914883. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
^ Rohdendorf, B.B. (1926). "Morphologisches Studium an äusseren Genitalorganen der Calliphorinen (Diptera)". Russkii Zoologicheskii Zhurnal (in Russian). 6: 83–128.
^ Scopoli, I.A. (1763). Entomologia carniolica exhibens insecta carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnæana. Vindobonae [= Vienna]: Trattner. pp. [30] + 420 pp. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
^ Wainwright, C.J. (1940). "The British Tachinidae (Diptera): Second supplement". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 90 (14): 411–448. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1940.tb01028.x.
^ ^a ^b Meigen, J.W. (1826). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäische n zweiflugeligen Insekten. Hamm: Vierter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann. pp. xii + 412 pp., pls. 42–54.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Malloch, J. R . (1930). "The calyptrate Diptera of New Zealand. Part III. Family Calliphoridae". Records of the Canterbury Museum. 3: 313–324.
^ Rognes, Knut (2016). "A new species of Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 from Jordan (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Polleniinae)". Zootaxa. 4067 (5): 569–576. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.3. hdl:11250/2498292. PMID 27395896. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rognes, Knut (1992). "Revision of the cluster-flies of the Pollenia vagabunda species-group (Diptera, Calliphoridae)". Entomologica Scandinavica. 23: 95–114. doi:10.1163/187631292X00056.
^ Jacentkovský, D. (1939). "Über einige interessante Sarcophagiden (Tachinariae, Diptera) aus Bulgarien". Izvestiia Na Tsarskitia Prirodonauchni Instituti V Sofiia. 12: 188–192.
^ ^a ^b Hardy, G.H. (1932). "Two new Australian species of Pollenia". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 57: 388–340.
^ Kurahashi, H.; Tumrasvin, W. (1979). "Six new species of calliphorid flies from Thailand (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology. 30 (4): 297–304. doi:10.7601/mez.30.297.
^ Portschinsky, J.A. (1881). "Diptera europaea et asiatica nova aut minus cognita". Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, Variis Sermonibus in Rossia Usitatis Editae. 16: 136–145. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Feng, Y. (2004). "Five new species of the tribe Polleniini from Sichuan, China (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Calliphorinae)". Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 29: 803–808.
^ Macquart, P.J.M. (1835). Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Diptères. Tome deuxieme. Paris: Roret. pp. 703 or 710 pp., 12 pls. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rognes, K. (1988). "The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Pollenia semicinerea species-group (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Systematic Entomology. 13 (3): 315–345. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1988.tb00245.x. S2CID 85674738.
^ ^a ^b Séguy, E. (1928). "Étude sur le Pollenia Hasei". Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie. 14 (2): 369–375. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1929.tb00082.x.
^ Senior-White, R.A. (1923). "Notes on Indian Muscidæ". Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India. 8: 35–52.
^ Malloch, J. R. (1927). "Notes on Australian Diptera, No. xi". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 52: 299–335. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b Fan, Z-D (1997). "Diptera: Calliphoridae". Fauna Sinica, Insecta. 6: 1–707.
^ ^a ^b Rognes, Knut (1987). "The taxonomy of the Pollenia rudis species group in the Holarctic Region" (PDF). Systematic Entomology. 12: 475–502. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1987.tb00219.x. S2CID 85693912. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
^ Séguy, E. (1930). "Contribution à l'étude des Diptères du Maroc". Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc. 24: 1–207.
^ Kano, R.; Shinonaga, S. (1966). "Notes on flies of medical importance in Japan. 26. Description of a new species belonging to the genus Pollenia in Japan. (Diptera, Calliphoridae)". Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology. 17: 223–225. doi:10.7601/mez.17.223.
^ Lehrer, A. Z. (1978). "Calliphorides et Sarcophagides nouveaux de la faune de l'Espagne (Diptera)" (PDF). Eos, Revista Española de Entomología. 52: 141–148. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
^ Schluesslmayr, Gerhard; Sivell, Olga (2021). "Pollenia margarita, a new species of Pollenia ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1830 from Austria (Diptera, Polleniidae)" (PDF). Linzer Biol. Beitr. 53 (1): 413–419. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b Grunin, K. Ya. (1966). "New and little known Calliphoridae (Diptera) mainly bloodsucking or subcutaneous parasites of birds". Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie. 45: 897–903.
^ Mawlood, N. A.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2009). "A new species in the genus Pollenia Rob. -Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera Calliphoridae)". Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum. 10: 59–65.
^ Macquart, Pierre-Justin-Marie (1855). "Diptères exotique ou peu connus;". Supplément, Paris. 5.e: 25–156. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b Malloch, John Russell (1936). "Notes on Australian Diptera – XXXV". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 61: 10–26. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b Rondani, C (1862). Dipterologiae italicae prodromus (Vol. V). Species italicae ordinis dipterorum in genera characteribus definita, ordinatim collectae, methodo analitica distinctae, et novis vel minus cognitis descriptis. Pars quarta. Muscidae, Phasiinae–Dexinae–Muscinae–Stomoxidinae. Vol. 5. Parmae [= Parma]: Grazioli P. pp. 1–239. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
^ Macquart, J (1834). "Insectes Diptères du Nord de la France. Tome V. Athericères: Créophiles, Œstrides, Myopaires, Conopsaires, Scénopiniens, Céphalopsides. Daniel L, Lille, 232 pp". Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts, de Lille. 1833: 137–368.
^ Rognes, K. (1991). "Revision of the cluster-flies of the Pollenia viatica species-group (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Systematic Entomology. 16 (4): 439–498. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00678.x. S2CID 84142702.
^ Rognes, Knut (1987). "A new species in the intermedia group and a new synonymy in the genus Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera, Calliphoridae)". Systematic Entomology. 12 (3): 381–388. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1987.tb00208.x. S2CID 85180411.
^ Rognes, Knut; Baz, Arturo (2008). "A new species in the Pollenia viatica species-group from Sierra de Gua-darrama, Spain (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Studia dipterologica. 14 (2): 389–395. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
^ Kurahashi, H. (1987). "The blow flies of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and Bougainville Island". Occasional Publication by the Entomological Society of Japan. 1: 3 unnumbered pp. + 1–99.
^ Villeneuve, J. (1911b). "Diptères nouveaux recueillis en Syrie par M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville et décrits par le Dr. Joseph Villeneuve". Bulletin des Amis des Sciences Naturelles de Rouen. 1911: 40–54. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
^ Senior-White, R. A.; Aubertin, D.; Smart, J. (1923). The fauna of British India, including the remainder of the Oriental Region. Diptera (Vol. VI). Calliphoridæ. London: Taylor and Francis. p. 288.
^ Walker, F. (1861). "Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Manado in Celebes and in Tond, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology. 5 (19): 258–265. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1861.tb02105.x. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
^ Zumpt, Fritz (1956). "64i. Calliphorinae". In: Lindner e (Ed.) die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart. 11 (Lieferungen 190, 191, 193): 140.
^ Jacentkovsky, Dimitrij (1936). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Raupenfliegen (Tachinariae, Diptera) Bulgariens". Bul-gariens. Izvestiia Na Tsarskitia Prirodonauchni Instituti V Sofii. 9 (109–134).
^ Rognes, Dr Knut; Pape, Dr Thomas (19 April 2007). "Taxon details: Calliphoridae". Fauna Europaea version 1.1. Archived from the original on 1 November 2005. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
^ Macquart, P.J.M. (1847). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 2.e supplement. Paris: Roret. pp. 5–104, 6 pls.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cluster_fly&oldid=1133148510"

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Cluster fly: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Cluster flies (a.k.a. grass flies or attic flies) are flies of the genus Pollenia in the family Polleniidae. Unlike the more familiar blow flies, such as the bluebottle genus Phormia, they are completely harmless to human health because they do not lay eggs in human food. They are parasitic on earthworms; the females lay their eggs near earthworm burrows, and the larvae then feed on the worms. But the biology of this group is relatively poorly known and a few have been recorded from other hosts including caterpillars and bees.

Cluster flies seek refuge in cold weather and find their way into attic spaces and similar areas indoors. They often emerge on warm days, and cluster at windows attempting to exit (hence the name).

Pollenia sp. on leaves in a forest

The typical grass fly Pollenia rudis is about 7 mm long and can be recognised by distinct lines or stripes behind the head, short golden-coloured hairs on the thorax, and irregular light and dark gray areas on the abdomen. Cluster flies are typically slow-moving.

Cluster flies have a widespread distribution. Eight species are found in Britain and 31 in Europe. Pollenia species are also numerous in Australia and New Zealand (over 30 species); they are common in North America. P. rudis has spread widely in association with humans.

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Pollenia ( الرومانية، المولدوفية )

المقدمة من wikipedia RO

Pollenia^[1] este un gen de muște din familia Calliphoridae.^[1]

Specii^[1]

Referințe

^ ^a ^b ^c Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). „Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Accesat în 24 september 2012. Verificați datele pentru: |access-date= (ajutor)Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (link)

Legături externe

Wikimedia Commons conține materiale multimedia legate de Pollenia

Wikispecies conține informații legate de Pollenia

Acest articol referitor la insecte din ordinul Diptera este un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea sa.

Acest infocasetă: v • d • m vizualizare • discuție • modificare

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Pollenia: Brief Summary ( الرومانية، المولدوفية )

المقدمة من wikipedia RO

Pollenia este un gen de muște din familia Calliphoridae.

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Vindsflugor ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV

Vindsflugor (Pollenia) är ett släkte av flugor som hör till familjen spyflugor. Släktets namn kommer av att flugorna ofta övervintrar inomhus, på vindar eller andra liknande utrymmen där de då ibland kan återfinnas i stort antal. Det finns 9 arter i Sverige^[1].

Kännetecken

Vindsflugor är cirka 6–10 millimeter stora, robust byggda och håriga flugor med genomskinliga vingar. Olikt många andra spyflugor har de ingen särskild metallskimmer.

Levnadssätt

Vindsflugor lägger ägg i jorden och deras larver lever som parasiter på daggmaskar. De fullbildade flugorna söker på hösten upp lämpliga övervintringsplatser, till exempel håligheter i träd men också svala vindar och andra utrymmen under taket på bostadshus och andra byggnader.

Vindsflugorna sitter stilla under övervintringen, men om det utrymme där de övervintrar tillfälligt värms upp eller om flugorna blir störda kan de vakna till och flyga omkring. Deras beteende och flygsätt är oftast lite slött och klumpigt.

Åtgärder vid förekomst inomhus

Vindsflugor gör ingen skada inomhus utan söker sig ut igen till våren. Men om vindsflugor övervintrar i mycket stort antal i ett bostadshus kan de upplevs som besvärande. Råd och hjälp för att åtgärda problemet kan fås av företag som bekämpar skadedjur. Problem med vindsflugor kan förebyggas genom åtgärder för att förhindra att flugorna tar sig in i bostaden.

Källor

^ ”Taxonomisk information”. www.dyntaxa.se. https://www.dyntaxa.se/Taxon/Info/1011843. Läst 5 april 2017.

Externa länkar

Wikimedia Commons har media som rör vindsflugor.
Bilder & media

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Vindsflugor: Brief Summary ( السويدية )