الأسماء في صفحات التنقل
Der Strauch-Strandflieder (Limoniastrum monopetalum) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Limoniastrum in der Familie der Bleiwurzgewächse (Plumbaginaceae).[1]
Der Strauch-Strandflieder ist ein kleiner Strauch, der Wuchshöhen von 30 bis 120 Zentimetern erreicht. Er ist meist stark verzweigt.[2]
Die zahlreichen Laubblätter besitzen Salzdrüsen. Die einfache blaugrüne Blattspreite ist bei einer Länge von 2 bis 3, selten bis zu 8 Zentimetern sowie einer Breite von 0,5 bis 1,5 Zentimetern spatelförmig.[2] Der Spreitengrund geht in eine breite stängelumfassende Scheide über.[3]
Die Blütezeit reicht von Juni bis August.[2] Ein bis zwei Blüten stehen in verzweigten, getrocknet zerbrechlichen, ährigen Blütenständen. Der Kelch ist von drei sich dachziegelig deckenden Hochblättern umschlossen. Das äußere Hochblatt ist etwa 4 Millimeter lang, das innere ist etwa 8 Millimeter lang und bildet eine ellipsoidische Hülle um die Blüten.[3]
Die zwittrige Blüten ist radiärsymmetrisch und fünfzählig mit doppelter Blütenhülle. Der 9 Millimeter lange Kelch ist fünfzähnig.[2] Die rosafarbene Blütenkrone ist am fünfzipfligen Saum 1 bis 2 Zentimeter breit; sie ist zur Hälfte verwachsen. Vertrocknet wird sie violett.[3] Die Staubblätter sind am Grunde der Blütenkrone angewachsen. Die fünf Griffel sind in der unteren Hälfte miteinander verwachsen.[3]
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 72.[4]
Der Strauch-Strandflieder kommt in Marokko, Tunesien, im nördlichen Algerien, im nördlichen Libyen, im nördlichen Ägypten, auf der Sinai-Halbinsel, im südlichen Portugal, in Spanien, auf den Balearen, im südlichen Frankreich, auf Korsika, Sardinien, Sizilien, in Italien und auf Kreta vor.[5][1]
Der Strauch-Strandflieder gedeiht an Sandstränden und in Salzmarschen.
Die Erstveröffentlichung erfolgte 1753 unter dem Namen (Basionym) Statice monopetala durch Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum, Tomus I, S. 276. Die Neukombination zu Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. wurde 1848 durch Pierre Edmond Boissier in Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle: Prodromus, 12, S. 689 veröffentlicht.[1][6] Synonyme für Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. sind: Limonium monopetalum (L.) Hill, Limoniastrum articulatum Moench, Limonium siculum Mill.[5]
Der Strauch-Strandflieder wird gelegentlich als Zierpflanze verwendet.
Der Strauch-Strandflieder (Limoniastrum monopetalum) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Limoniastrum in der Familie der Bleiwurzgewächse (Plumbaginaceae).
Limoniastrum monopetalum ('grand statice'), is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae that is native to between Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. It has been found in salt marshes, dunes and other coastal areas with high salinity levels. It has silver-grey or light green leaves on multi branching stems. At the ends of the stems are the summer blooming flowers, in shades of pink, purple, lavender and violet. It is known to be salt and drought tolerant (as a Halophyte), as well as having the ability to withstand some forms of soil pollution.
Limoniastrum monopetalum is a small evergreen shrub,[2][3] that has long thread-like and tufted fine roots, with ephemeral roots that are produced in a wet season and then vanish afterwards. The wide spread of the roots helps the plant withstand the high salinity conditions and they can also travel down to at least 50 cm to reach the water table.[4]
It can grow up to 90–120 cm (35–47 in) tall,[5][6][7] with much branched,[6][7] and leafy stems.[5][8] They are terete (round in cross-section) and grey in colour.[5] The leaves are normally at the top of the branches, leaving the base of the branch, bare with leaf scars.[9]
It has light green,[10] green-grey,[11] or silvery blue-green,[7] leather-like,[8] stiff, narrowly spathulate (spoon-shaped) leaves.[12][11] They are covered with white granulations;[9] calcareous (carbonate deposits[9]) tubercles.[12] This gives the plant a whitish grey aspect.[12]
It blooms between mid-Spring and early Summer.[3][7] Variously; between March and November,[9] between July and August,[10] or June to August.[6] The numerous flowers,[7] come in shades of pink,[6][9] lavender pink,[13] purple-pink,[10][7] or lavender flowers.[3] As they die they fade to violet.[9][11]
They have articulated rachis (spine) and tubular[9] or funnel-shaped corolla (the petals of a flower),[8] they appear at the ends of the branches.[6][7][11] They have leathery bracts, the external sepals are 2.5–7 mm and the internal sepals are 7.5–9 mm long, scarious (dry and membranous), covered almost entirely by the internal bract. It also has 5 stamens.[9]
After flowering it produces a fruit (or seed capsule), which is membranous, indehiscent and included in the calyx.[9]
It is a halophyte plant,[8] and the leaves of Limoniastrum monopetalum have been studied to determine how the plants phenolic contents and biological activities coped with various solvent effects.[14][15]
In 2014, the salt excretion crystals on the leaf surface of the plant were studied as a possible metal detoxification mechanism.[16]
_(20552012764).jpg)
It is known in Mali as 'zeïta' and 'zita' in Arabic.[5] It is known in Spanish as 'Salado' or 'Verdolaga seca',[17] and in Catalan as 'Ajocagripaus'.[6]
It has the common name of 'Grand statice',[8][18] (reflecting the former name of the genus).
The Latin specific epithet monopetalum derived from 'monopetalus',[9] and refers to 'mono' and 'petal' meaning one petal.[19]
Using an earlier description by Carl Linnaeus when he had named it as Statice monopetala in his book Species Plantarum in 1753.[20] After the genus Statice was re-classified as 'Limoniastrum', it was then first published as Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss by Pierre Edmond Boissier in 'Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis' Vol.12 on page 689 in 1848.[21]
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 9 August 1995, as Limoniastrum monopetalum,[22] and it is an RHS Accepted name and was last-listed in the RHS Plant Finder in 2016.[23]
Limoniastrum monopetalum is native to temperate areas between Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia.[22]
It is found in Europe, in the Mediterranean countries of Portugal,[23][24] Corsica,[8] Spain, France, Greece,[1][25] Balearic Islands of Mallorca and Menorca,[6] and Italy (incl. Sardinia and Sicily).[22] Within North Africa and Asia,[5] it is found in Algeria, Libya and Egypt.[22][26]
It has been introduced to Morocco and Tunisia.[22][27]
Since 1995, it has been found in the Canary Islands.[28]
In Egypt, it is found in salt marshes,[24][29] coastal sand dunes and rocky ridges habitats.[6][26] It is also found in the dunes of the salt marsh around Lake Manzala and Lake Mariut, on the west Mediterranean coast and also the salt marshes near Sallum.[29] In Portugal, it is found in salt marshes with Atriplex portulacoides.[24]
It is often found growing alone.[30]
It appears on the list of plant species protected throughout mainland France.[31][32]
L. monopetalum is hardy enough for a Mediterranean climate. It can take sporadic frosts down to -5 °C.[11] This means between USDA Zone 10a and Zone 11.[3]
They can grow in any type of soil, even in poor and salty soils,[7][11] and it grows well in sandy soils,[10] and can tolerate neutral or acidic soils (with pH levels between 6.6 and 7.8).[3]
It prefers to grow in positions in full sun,[11][7][3] but is very resistant to drought,[3][7] and pollution.[11]
It is suitable for coastal planting,[7][11] and they have been used in Mediterranean coastal gardens to cover slopes, planted in bushy groups and in pots and planters. They can combine well with plants of the genus; Cistus, Salvia, Rosmarinus, Eriocephalus and Bupleurum.[11] In the Baleares, it has been grown as a groundcover for motorway roadsides,[6] although in some littoral (near shore) areas it has become naturalized.[33]
They are not usually attacked by the usual Mediterranean pests and diseases.[11]
Limoniastrum monopetalum can be propagated in summer by cuttings,[11] using the stem-tip method or by In vitro micropropagation.[34] It was noted that cuttings taken in the winter or the spring, were more successful than those collected in summer or autumn.[35]
There is one known cultivar; Limoniastrum monopetalum 'Carnaval' which is an evergreen subshrub that forms a mound, and has fleshy, spoon-shaped to narrowly lance-shaped, grey-green leaves and magenta flowers that bloom from early summer to early autumn. It is frost hardy.[36][37]
Limoniastrum monopetalum is a traditional medicinal species which a leaf infusion exhibits anti-dysenteric properties against infectious diseases.[14][34] L. monopetalum and Limoniastrum guyonianum have been studied for antioxidant status.[27]
Limoniastrum monopetalum is used as fodder for camels,[5] especially during the winter.[38] It is also used in farms as a fuel source.[5]
The shrub is also an ecological habitat of a large number of insects such as Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera (including Oecocecis guyonella, Acalyptris limoniastri),as the larvae feed on the plant and they create a gall on a branch, in which to pupate.[27]
In southern Tunisia, these galls are used to tan leather and in the dyeing of hair.[34] They can also be used medically, an infusion (tea) of galls and the leaf is used against infectious or parasitic disease causing diarrhoea.[34][39]
Limoniastrum monopetalum is a potential plant to be used for xeriscaping,[3] and landscape architecture in semi-arid Mediterranean areas, especially with poor, saline, neglected or degraded soils. It also has ecological value, as a sand accumulator (using the roots), salt tolerant windbreak.[34]
In Al-Alamein, Egypt near (El-Hammra station, the main crude oil pipeline terminal) the environment is contaminated with crude oil spill as a result of various activities from refineries; such as oilfield blowouts, tanker and pipeline break-ups. The area was previously was a mixture of various common halophytes species. However, Limoniastrum monopetalum is now the only recorded species found growing in the oil-contaminated soil, since 2002.[40] A 2011 study was carried out on the L. monopetalum populations established on the crude oil polluted soil.[41]
It has been also found that the plant's salt glands can also absorb small amounts of cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb).[16] It can also absorb Zinc (Zn).[42] This means the plant has phytoremediation potentials.[16][2]
Limoniastrum monopetalum ('grand statice'), is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae that is native to between Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. It has been found in salt marshes, dunes and other coastal areas with high salinity levels. It has silver-grey or light green leaves on multi branching stems. At the ends of the stems are the summer blooming flowers, in shades of pink, purple, lavender and violet. It is known to be salt and drought tolerant (as a Halophyte), as well as having the ability to withstand some forms of soil pollution.
El salado (Limoniastrum monopetalum) es un arbusto de la familia de las plumbagináceas.
Arbusto perennifolio, hermafrodita, de hasta 2 m de altura, muy ramoso, de porte irregular, blanquecino. Tallos erguidos. Ramas más o menos erguidas. Corteza pardo grisácea. Las ramillas jóvenes verdes o rojizas, pero siempres cubiertas en mayor o menor medida de granitos blancos (depósitos de carbonatos), lo que les da un aspecto blanquecino-ceniciento. Hojas, de obovado-lanceoladas a obovado-espatuladas, primero se estrechan hacia la base y luego se ensanchan formando una especie de vaina que rodea el tallo, un poco carnosas, con el margen entero, cumeditebiertas de depósitos calcáreos, alternas.
Flores en inflorescencias racimosas espiciformes, sin hojas. Cáliz tubular, no anguloso, de unos 9 mm, con 5 dientes agudos muy cortos, rojizo. Corola (10-20 mm de diámetro), muy vistosa de color rosa intenso o violácea, con los pétalos soldados en la mitad inferior formando una sola pieza; lóbulos libres anchos, trasovados, abiertos: En el centro aparecen 5 estambres soldados por sus filamentos al tubo de la corola; anteras amarillas. El fruto es diminuto, largamente oval, membranoso, situado en el interior del cáliz persistente. Florece en primavera, verano y otoño. Fructifica en verano, otoño e invierno.[1]
Todo tipo de suelos rocosos, arenosos o limosos-húmedos y ricos en sales. Suele aparecer en torno a lagunas interiores de agua salada y en las proximidades del mar.
Región mediterránea. En España en la bahía de Cádiz. En el norte de África desde Marruecos a Egipto. Por el Atlántico su límite meridional se halla en torno a Rabat.
Datos: Q886829
Multimedia:
Especies: Limoniastrum monopetalum
El salado (Limoniastrum monopetalum) es un arbusto de la familia de las plumbagináceas.
Grand statice
Limoniastrum monopetalum (ou Statice monopetala L.) est une espèce de sous-arbuste de 50 cm à 1,30 m appartenant à la famille des Plumbaginaceae (Plombaginacées).
Elle est parfois appelée « Limoniastre », « Limoniastrum monopétale », « Lavande de mer » ou « Grand statice » ; ce dernier nom peut prêter à confusion avec le genre « Limonium ».
Elle possède des feuilles persistantes, vert glauque, parfois rugueuses au toucher en raison d'exsudats salins, légèrement embrassantes. Les fleurs sont mauves disposées en épis au sommet des tiges, assez grandes (1,5 cm de diamètre). Le fruit en forme de poire allongée est indéhiscent. Nanophanérophyte
Elle est fleurie de juin à septembre.
Cette espèce halophile a formé pendant longtemps des populations très denses et presque discontinues depuis l'embouchure de l'Aude jusqu'à Leucate. Elle est aujourd'hui morcelée en îlots discontinus, en raison des aménagements touristiques du littoral. Elle est très menacée car elle pousse sur des terrains vulnérables convoités par le bétonnage des côtes. Il est triste de constater que les pouvoirs publics sont incapables d'assurer sa protection[1].
Figure sur la Liste des espèces végétales protégées sur l'ensemble du territoire français métropolitain.
Grand statice
Limoniastrum monopetalum (ou Statice monopetala L.) est une espèce de sous-arbuste de 50 cm à 1,30 m appartenant à la famille des Plumbaginaceae (Plombaginacées).
Elle est parfois appelée « Limoniastre », « Limoniastrum monopétale », « Lavande de mer » ou « Grand statice » ; ce dernier nom peut prêter à confusion avec le genre « Limonium ».
Il limoniastro cespuglioso (Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss., 1848) è una pianta alofila appartenente alla famiglia delle Plumbaginaceae. È l'unica specie del genere Limoniastrum.[1]
La specie ha un areale mediterraneo che si estende dalla Europa meridionale (Portogallo, Spagna, Francia, Italia e Grecia, compresa Creta), al Nordafrica (Marocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libia ed Egitto).[2]
La presenza in Italia è limitata a Sardegna, Sicilia, Puglia e Lazio.[3]
Cresce in ambienti salati litoranei, formando associazioni con Sarcocornia perennis, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Halocnemum strobilaceum e altre Chenopodiaceae.[4]
Il limoniastro cespuglioso (Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss., 1848) è una pianta alofila appartenente alla famiglia delle Plumbaginaceae. È l'unica specie del genere Limoniastrum.
Limoniastrum monopetalum é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Plumbaginaceae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é (L.) Boiss., tendo sido publicada em Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 12: 689. 1848.
Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente em Portugal Continental.
Em termos de naturalidade é introduzida na região atrás indicada.
Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.
Limoniastrum monopetalum é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Plumbaginaceae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é (L.) Boiss., tendo sido publicada em Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 12: 689. 1848.
_(21164674122).jpg)
.jpg)
.JPG)
