dcsimg

Mycobacterium vaccae ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Mycobacterium vaccae is a nonpathogenic[1] species of the Mycobacteriaceae family of bacteria that lives naturally in soil. Its generic name originates from the Latin word, vacca (cow), since the first Mycobacterium strain was cultured from cow dung in Austria.[2] Mycobacterium vaccae was first isolated from the Ugandan Lang'o District, where locals claimed that a "muddy substance had the power to cure a number of ailments".[3] Research areas being pursued with regard to killed Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine include immunotherapy for allergic asthma, cancer, depression,[4] leprosy,[5] psoriasis, dermatitis, eczema and tuberculosis.[5]

A research group at Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK has shown that Mycobacterium vaccae stimulated a newly discovered group of neurons, increased levels of serotonin and decreased levels of anxiety in mice.[1] Other researchers fed live Mycobacterium vaccae to mice, then measured their ability to navigate a maze compared to control mice not fed the bacteria. "Mice that were fed live M. vaccae navigated the maze twice as fast and with less demonstrated anxiety behaviors as control mice", according to Dorothy Matthews, who conducted the research with Susan Jenks at the Sage Colleges, Troy, New York, USA.[6]

Mycobacterium vaccae is in the same genus as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium which causes tuberculosis. Numerous trials have indicated that exposure to oral and injectable products derived from M. vaccae bacteria can have positive effects in treating tuberculosis. Although a 2002 review of selected clinical trials failed to find any consistent benefit of certain dosage regimens of injectable Mycobacterium products in people with tuberculosis,[7] a more recent meta-analysis of 54 clinical studies of M. vaccae products for tuberculosis showed treatment resulted in improved sputum conversion and radiological (X-ray) assessment.[8]

Medical researchers at Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine have reported two clinical trials with oral formulations of Immunitor Inc's killed Mycobacterium vaccae oral vaccine and An Hui Longcom's killed Mycobacterium vaccae oral vaccine in treating tuberculosis, including drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The research team reported greater success with the Immunitor vaccine than the An Hui Longcom vaccine.[9][10] A successful Phase III clinical trial of Tubivac is published.[11]

A team of researchers at the Genetics and Microbiology Department of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain discovered that Mycobacterium vaccae changes from its "smooth" type to its "rough" type (referring to how colonies of this organism appear under a microscope) at thirty degrees Celsius. They discovered that the "smooth" type of Mycobacterium vaccae has a substance on the outside of its cell wall which interferes with the production of Th-1 cytokines, responsible for some kinds of T-helper cell immune response. The team also found that the spleen cells of mice inoculated with "rough" Mycobacterium vaccae produced more Th-1 cytokines than those inoculated with "smooth" Mycobacterium vaccae.

The researchers say this may explain why different vaccines made from Mycobacterium vaccae vary in their effectiveness in increasing immune response to other organisms during clinical trials.[12]

A study conducted in 2017-2018 revealed that Mycobacterium vaccae lysate may prevent the development of atopic dermatitis symptoms when applied topically.[13] In a 2019 study, scientists identified a lipid called 10(Z)-hexadecenoic acid found in Mycobacterium vaccae, and discovered that inside stimulated immune cells (macrophages), the lipid binds to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, inhibiting a number of key pathways which drive inflammation.[14]

References

The first described strain of M. vaccae was isolated from cow dung.
  1. ^ a b Lowry, C.A.; Hollis, J.H.; de Vries, A.; Pan, B.; Brunet, L.R.; Hunt, J.R.F.; Paton, J.F.R.; van Kampen, E.; Knight, D.M.; Evans, A.K.; Rook, G.A.W.; Lightman, S.L. (May 2007). "Identification of an immune-responsive mesolimbocortical serotonergic system: Potential role in regulation of emotional behavior". Neuroscience. 146 (2): 756–772. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.067. PMC 1868963. PMID 17367941.
  2. ^ "Extremely drug resistant tuberculosis – is there hope for a cure?" (PDF). TB Alert – the UK's National Tuberculosis Charity. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-19. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  3. ^ Mbaria, John; Ogada, Mordecai (2016). The big conservation lie: the untold story of wildlife conservation in Kenya. p. 114. ISBN 9780692787212.
  4. ^ O'Brien, M. E.; Anderson, H.; Kaukel, E.; O'Byrne, K.; Pawlicki, M.; von Pawel, J.; Reck, M. (2004). "SRL172 (killed Mycobacterium vaccae) in addition to standard chemotherapy improves quality of life without affecting survival, in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: phase III results". Annals of Oncology. 15 (6): 906–14. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdh220. PMID 15151947.
  5. ^ a b US patent 4724144, Rook, Graham A. W. & Stanford, John L., "Immuno-therapeutic composition of killed cells from mycobacterium vaccae", issued February 9, 1988
  6. ^ "Can bacteria make you smarter?" (Press release). American Society for Microbiology. 24 May 2010. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  7. ^ de Bruyn, Guy; Garner, Paul (20 January 2003). "Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy for treating tuberculosis". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003 (1): CD001166. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001166. PMC 6532629.
  8. ^ Yang, Xiao-Yan; Chen, Qun-Fei; Li, You-Ping; Wu, Si-Miao; Cardona, Pere-Joan (6 September 2011). "Mycobacterium vaccae as Adjuvant Therapy to Anti-Tuberculosis Chemotherapy in Never-Treated Tuberculosis Patients: A Meta-Analysis". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e23826. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...623826Y. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023826. PMC 3167806. PMID 21909406.
  9. ^ Butov, Dmytro A; Efremenko, Yuri V; Prihoda, Natalia D; Zaitzeva, Svetlana I; Yurchenko, Larisa V; Sokolenko, Nina I; Butova, Tetyana S; Stepanenko, Anna L; Kutsyna, Galyna A; Jirathitikal, Vichai; Bourinbaiar, Aldar S (October 2013). "Randomized, placebo-controlled Phase II trial of heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae (Immodulon batch) formulated as an oral pill (V7)". Immunotherapy. 5 (10): 1047–1054. doi:10.2217/imt.13.110. PMID 24088075.
  10. ^ Efremenko, Yuri V; Butov, Dmytro A; Prihoda, Natalia D; Zaitzeva, Svetlana I; Yurchenko, Larisa V; Sokolenko, Nina I; Butova, Tetyana S; Stepanenko, Anna L; Kutsyna, Galyna A; Jirathitikal, Vichai; Bourinbaiar, Aldar S (27 October 2014). "Randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial of heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae (Longcom batch) formulated as an oral pill (V7)". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 9 (9): 1852–1856. doi:10.4161/hv.25280. PMC 3906348. PMID 23782489.
  11. ^ Bourinbaiar, Aldar S.; Batbold, Uyanga; Efremenko, Yuri; Sanjagdorj, Munkhburam; Butov, Dmytro; Damdinpurev, Narantsetseg; Grinishina, Elena; Mijiddorj, Otgonbayar; Kovolev, Mikola; Baasanjav, Khaliunaa; Butova, Tetyana; Prihoda, Natalia; Batbold, Ochirbat; Yurchenko, Larisa; Tseveendorj, Ariungerel; Arzhanova, Olga; Chunt, Erkhemtsetseg; Stepanenko, Hanna; Sokolenko, Nina; Makeeva, Natalia; Tarakanovskaya, Marina; Borisova, Vika; Reid, Alan; Kalashnikov, Valeryi; Nyasulu, Peter; Prabowo, Satria A.; Jirathitikal, Vichai; Bain, Allen I.; Stanford, Cynthia; Stanford, John (1 February 2020). "Phase III, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial of tableted, therapeutic TB vaccine (V7) containing heat-killed M. vaccae administered daily for one month". Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases. 18: 100141. doi:10.1016/j.jctube.2019.100141. PMC 6933248. PMID 31890902.
  12. ^ Rodríguez-Güell, Elisabeth; Agustí, Gemma; Corominas, Mercè; Cardona, Pere-Joan; Casals, Isidre; Parella, Teodor; Sempere, Marco-Antonio; Luquin, Marina; Julián, Esther (2 May 2006). "The production of a new extracellular putative long-chain saturated polyester by smooth variants of Mycobacterium vaccae interferes with Th1-cytokine production". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 90 (1): 93–108. doi:10.1007/s10482-006-9062-1. PMID 16652204. S2CID 11860047.
  13. ^ Nesmiyanov, P; Gutov, M; Strygin, A; Tolkachev, B; Morkovin, E; Dotsenko, A (29 May 2018). "M. vaccae‐based formulation for theprimary prevention of atopic dermatitis": 107. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) in "Abstracts OAS". Allergy. 73: 3–115. August 2018. doi:10.1111/all.13535. PMID 30393929.
  14. ^ Smith, David G.; Martinelli, Roberta; Besra, Gurdyal S.; Illarionov, Petr A.; Szatmari, Istvan; Brazda, Peter; Allen, Mary A.; Xu, Wenqing; Wang, Xiang; Nagy, László; Dowell, Robin D.; Rook, Graham A. W.; Rosa Brunet, Laura; Lowry, Christopher A. (22 May 2019). "Identification and characterization of a novel anti-inflammatory lipid isolated from Mycobacterium vaccae, a soil-derived bacterium with immunoregulatory and stress resilience properties". Psychopharmacology. 236 (5): 1653–1670. doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05253-9. PMC 6626661. PMID 31119329.

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Wikipedia authors and editors
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia EN

Mycobacterium vaccae: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Mycobacterium vaccae is a nonpathogenic species of the Mycobacteriaceae family of bacteria that lives naturally in soil. Its generic name originates from the Latin word, vacca (cow), since the first Mycobacterium strain was cultured from cow dung in Austria. Mycobacterium vaccae was first isolated from the Ugandan Lang'o District, where locals claimed that a "muddy substance had the power to cure a number of ailments". Research areas being pursued with regard to killed Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine include immunotherapy for allergic asthma, cancer, depression, leprosy, psoriasis, dermatitis, eczema and tuberculosis.

A research group at Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK has shown that Mycobacterium vaccae stimulated a newly discovered group of neurons, increased levels of serotonin and decreased levels of anxiety in mice. Other researchers fed live Mycobacterium vaccae to mice, then measured their ability to navigate a maze compared to control mice not fed the bacteria. "Mice that were fed live M. vaccae navigated the maze twice as fast and with less demonstrated anxiety behaviors as control mice", according to Dorothy Matthews, who conducted the research with Susan Jenks at the Sage Colleges, Troy, New York, USA.

Mycobacterium vaccae is in the same genus as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium which causes tuberculosis. Numerous trials have indicated that exposure to oral and injectable products derived from M. vaccae bacteria can have positive effects in treating tuberculosis. Although a 2002 review of selected clinical trials failed to find any consistent benefit of certain dosage regimens of injectable Mycobacterium products in people with tuberculosis, a more recent meta-analysis of 54 clinical studies of M. vaccae products for tuberculosis showed treatment resulted in improved sputum conversion and radiological (X-ray) assessment.

Medical researchers at Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine have reported two clinical trials with oral formulations of Immunitor Inc's killed Mycobacterium vaccae oral vaccine and An Hui Longcom's killed Mycobacterium vaccae oral vaccine in treating tuberculosis, including drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The research team reported greater success with the Immunitor vaccine than the An Hui Longcom vaccine. A successful Phase III clinical trial of Tubivac is published.

A team of researchers at the Genetics and Microbiology Department of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain discovered that Mycobacterium vaccae changes from its "smooth" type to its "rough" type (referring to how colonies of this organism appear under a microscope) at thirty degrees Celsius. They discovered that the "smooth" type of Mycobacterium vaccae has a substance on the outside of its cell wall which interferes with the production of Th-1 cytokines, responsible for some kinds of T-helper cell immune response. The team also found that the spleen cells of mice inoculated with "rough" Mycobacterium vaccae produced more Th-1 cytokines than those inoculated with "smooth" Mycobacterium vaccae.

The researchers say this may explain why different vaccines made from Mycobacterium vaccae vary in their effectiveness in increasing immune response to other organisms during clinical trials.

A study conducted in 2017-2018 revealed that Mycobacterium vaccae lysate may prevent the development of atopic dermatitis symptoms when applied topically. In a 2019 study, scientists identified a lipid called 10(Z)-hexadecenoic acid found in Mycobacterium vaccae, and discovered that inside stimulated immune cells (macrophages), the lipid binds to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, inhibiting a number of key pathways which drive inflammation.

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Wikipedia authors and editors
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia EN

Mycobacterium vaccae ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

Mycobacterium vaccae es una especie no patogénica[1]​ de la familia de las bacterias Mycobacteriaceae que viven naturalmente en el suelo. Su nombre proviene del latín vacca (vaca), ya que ha sido cultivada por primera vez en estiércol de vaca, en Austria.[2]​ Las áreas de investigación que están siendo desarrolladas en una vacuna incluyen inmunoterapia para enfermos de asma, cáncer, depresión, lepra, psoriasis, dermatitis simple, eccema y tuberculosis.

 src=
La primera cepa descrita de M. vaccae fue aislada de estiércol de vaca.

Hay científicos que creen que la exposición al Mycobacterium vaccae puede trabajar como antidepresivo, ya que estimula la generación de serotonina y norepinefrina en el cerebro.[3][4]​ Más específicamente, induce la neurogénesis adulta que dichos componentes producen.

M. vaccae pertenece al mismo género que Mycobacterium tuberculosis, la bacteria que causa tuberculosis. Las primeras pruebas indican que la exposición a M. vaccae aliviarían los síntomas de tuberculosis. Sin embargo, una revisión de 2002 no encontró beneficios a partir de inmunoterapia con M. vaccae en las personas con tuberculosis.[5]​ Los resultados parecen ser diferentes debido a las dos formas diferentes de la bacteria («suave» y «áspera»), además de la respuesta individual a la vacunación.

Una investigación, publicada el 24 de mayo de 2010, ha demostrado que cuando Mycobacterium vaccae se inyectó en ratones, estimuló un crecimiento de las neuronas. También aumentó los niveles de serotonina y la disminución de los niveles de ansiedad.

«Encontramos que los ratones que fueron alimentados con M. vaccae viva navegaron por el laberinto dos veces más rápido y con menos comportamientos de ansiedad demostraron que los ratones de control»
Dorothy Matthews de The Sage Colleges en Troy, Nueva York.

Hay dos variantes principales de Mycobacterium vaccae, según su aparición, en una placa de cultivo. Una de ellas es lisa y la otra es áspera. La respuesta inmunológica en los mamíferos a la bacteria varía mucho de acuerdo con la variante utilizada.[6]​ En un estudio, Mycobacterium vaccae que fue cultivado en triptona de soja agar (trypticase soy agar), recolectaron que murió por calor a los 121°C durante 15 minutos.[6]

Referencias

  1. Lowry, C.A.; Hollis, J.H.; De Vries, A.; Pan, B.; Brunet, L.R.; Hunt, J.R.F.; Paton, J.F.R.; Van Kampen, E. et al. (2007). «Identification of an immune-responsive mesolimbocortical serotonergic system: Potential role in regulation of emotional behavior». Neuroscience (en inglés) 146 (2): 756-72. PMC 1868963. PMID 17367941. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.067.
  2. «Extremely drug resistant tuberculosis – is there hope for a cure?» (en inglés). TB Alert – the UK's National Tuberculosis Charity. Archivado desde el original el 19 de octubre de 2007. Consultado el 2 de abril de 2007.
  3. «Getting Dirty May Lift Your Mood». Bristol University: Medical News Today. 5 de abril de 2007.
  4. «Dirt exposure 'boosts happiness'». BBC News. 1 de abril de 2007.
  5. De Bruyn, Guy; Garner, Paul (2003). «Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy for treating tuberculosis». En De Bruyn, Guy, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001166.
  6. a b Rodríguez-Güell, Elisabeth; Agustí, Gemma; Corominas, Mercè; Cardona, Pere-Joan; Casals, Isidre; Parella, Teodor; Sempere, Marco-Antonio; Luquin, Marina et al. (2006). «The production of a new extracellular putative long-chain saturated polyester by smooth variants of Mycobacterium vaccae interferes with Th1-cytokine production». Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 90 (1): 93-108. PMID 16652204. doi:10.1007/s10482-006-9062-1.

 title=
ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia ES

Mycobacterium vaccae: Brief Summary ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

Mycobacterium vaccae es una especie no patogénica​ de la familia de las bacterias Mycobacteriaceae que viven naturalmente en el suelo. Su nombre proviene del latín vacca (vaca), ya que ha sido cultivada por primera vez en estiércol de vaca, en Austria.​ Las áreas de investigación que están siendo desarrolladas en una vacuna incluyen inmunoterapia para enfermos de asma, cáncer, depresión, lepra, psoriasis, dermatitis simple, eccema y tuberculosis.

 src= La primera cepa descrita de M. vaccae fue aislada de estiércol de vaca.

Hay científicos que creen que la exposición al Mycobacterium vaccae puede trabajar como antidepresivo, ya que estimula la generación de serotonina y norepinefrina en el cerebro.​​ Más específicamente, induce la neurogénesis adulta que dichos componentes producen.

M. vaccae pertenece al mismo género que Mycobacterium tuberculosis, la bacteria que causa tuberculosis. Las primeras pruebas indican que la exposición a M. vaccae aliviarían los síntomas de tuberculosis. Sin embargo, una revisión de 2002 no encontró beneficios a partir de inmunoterapia con M. vaccae en las personas con tuberculosis.​ Los resultados parecen ser diferentes debido a las dos formas diferentes de la bacteria («suave» y «áspera»), además de la respuesta individual a la vacunación.

Una investigación, publicada el 24 de mayo de 2010, ha demostrado que cuando Mycobacterium vaccae se inyectó en ratones, estimuló un crecimiento de las neuronas. También aumentó los niveles de serotonina y la disminución de los niveles de ansiedad.

«Encontramos que los ratones que fueron alimentados con M. vaccae viva navegaron por el laberinto dos veces más rápido y con menos comportamientos de ansiedad demostraron que los ratones de control» Dorothy Matthews de The Sage Colleges en Troy, Nueva York.

Hay dos variantes principales de Mycobacterium vaccae, según su aparición, en una placa de cultivo. Una de ellas es lisa y la otra es áspera. La respuesta inmunológica en los mamíferos a la bacteria varía mucho de acuerdo con la variante utilizada.​ En un estudio, Mycobacterium vaccae que fue cultivado en triptona de soja agar (trypticase soy agar), recolectaron que murió por calor a los 121°C durante 15 minutos.​

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia ES

Mycobacterium vaccae ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Mycobacterium vaccae est une bactérie non pathogène[1] de la famille des Mycobacteriaceae vivant naturellement dans le sol. Son nom provient du latin vacca (vache), car elle a d'abord été cultivée à partir de bouse de vache en Autriche[2].

Cette bactérie pourrait jouer un rôle dans de nombreux domaines tels que l'immunothérapie pour l'asthme allergique, le cancer, la dépression, la lèpre, le psoriasis, la dermatite, l'eczéma et la tuberculose[3].

Les scientifiques pensent que l'exposition à Mycobacterium vaccae peut fonctionner comme un antidépresseur car elle stimule la production de sérotonine et de noradrénaline dans le cerveau. Plus précisément, elle induit la neurogenèse des neurones qui produisent ces deux composés[4].

M. vaccae appartient au même genre que Mycobacterium tuberculosis, la bactérie qui cause la tuberculose. Les premiers essais ont indiqué que l'exposition à M. vaccae soulagerait les symptômes de la tuberculose. Toutefois, des tests en 2002 n'ont trouvé aucun avantage à l'immunothérapie avec M. vaccae chez les personnes atteintes de tuberculose. Il semble y avoir des résultats différents en raison de deux formes différentes de la bactérie (« lisse » et « rugueuse »), ainsi que des réactions variables selon les individus[5].

Références

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia FR

Mycobacterium vaccae: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Mycobacterium vaccae est une bactérie non pathogène de la famille des Mycobacteriaceae vivant naturellement dans le sol. Son nom provient du latin vacca (vache), car elle a d'abord été cultivée à partir de bouse de vache en Autriche.

Cette bactérie pourrait jouer un rôle dans de nombreux domaines tels que l'immunothérapie pour l'asthme allergique, le cancer, la dépression, la lèpre, le psoriasis, la dermatite, l'eczéma et la tuberculose.

Les scientifiques pensent que l'exposition à Mycobacterium vaccae peut fonctionner comme un antidépresseur car elle stimule la production de sérotonine et de noradrénaline dans le cerveau. Plus précisément, elle induit la neurogenèse des neurones qui produisent ces deux composés.

M. vaccae appartient au même genre que Mycobacterium tuberculosis, la bactérie qui cause la tuberculose. Les premiers essais ont indiqué que l'exposition à M. vaccae soulagerait les symptômes de la tuberculose. Toutefois, des tests en 2002 n'ont trouvé aucun avantage à l'immunothérapie avec M. vaccae chez les personnes atteintes de tuberculose. Il semble y avoir des résultats différents en raison de deux formes différentes de la bactérie (« lisse » et « rugueuse »), ainsi que des réactions variables selon les individus.

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia FR