dcsimg
 
  ar  
الأسماء في صفحات التنقل
صورة Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus 1758)
Life » … » Metazoa » … » رخويات » بطنيات القدم » … » Pupillidae

Pupilla J. Fleming 1828

الأسماء العلمية

الأسماء المفضلة

Pupilla J. Fleming 1828
تم الاعتراف بالجنس بواسطة EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
مرجع الأصنوفة من EOL Mollusca Patch
Pupilla
تم الاعتراف بالجنس بواسطة wikipedia VI, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, Andorra Species List, Austria Species List, Australia Species List, Belgium Species List, Canada Species List, Croatia Species List, Czech Republic Species List, Denmark Species List, Estonia Species List, France Species List, Germany Species List, Hungary Species List, Ireland Species List, Isle of Man Species List, Italy Species List, Luxembourg Species List, Norway Species List, Serbia Species List, Slovakia Species List, Spain Species List, Sweden Species List, Switzerland Species List, The Netherlands Species List, Turkey Species List, United Kingdom Species List, Japan Species List, Mexico Species List, North Atlantic Species List, NCBI, United States Species List, wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, Paleobiology Database, wikipedia DE, wikipedia ES, wikipedia PT, wikipedia FR, wikipedia EN, Wikidata Common Names, Wikimedia Commons, Barcode of Life Data Systems, iNaturalist data coverage, Wikipedia (inferred records), and GGBN data coverage
Pupilla
تم الاعتراف بالجُنيس بواسطة wikidata_hierarchy tar gz
Pupilla J. Fleming 1828
معترف بها من قبل GBIF national node type records UK and GBIF national node type records Germany
Pupilla J. Fleming 1828
تم الاعتراف بالجنس بواسطة Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024, Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024, GBIF data coverage, and Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 - Test
Pupilla Leach 1828
تم الاعتراف بالجنس بواسطة Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy

أسماء أخرى

Pupa subgen. Pupilla
Harvest ancestor بالنسبة لiDigBio type specimen records
Pupilla
Harvest ancestor بالنسبة لGBIF national node type records UK, GBIF national node type records France, GBIF national node type records Germany, iDigBio type specimen records, iDigBio type specimen records, iDigBio type specimen records, Flora do Brasil, iNaturalist, NMNH Collection, World Register of Marine Species, TreatmentBank, Global Biotic Interactions, Global Biotic Interactions, and Flickr Group

أسماء شائعة

التشيكية

zrnovka المفضل
معترف بها من قبل Wikidata Common Names

الصينية

蛹形螺属 المفضل
معترف بها من قبل Wikidata Common Names

التسلسل الهرمي المختار لـ Pupilla J. Fleming 1828

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Spiralia
Mollusca
Gastropoda Cuvier 1795
Heterobranchia Burmeister 1837
Stylommatophora
Pupilloidea W. Turton 1831
Pupillidae
Pupilla J. Fleming 1828 (هذه الصفحة)
Pupilla alaskensis Nekola & Coles 2014
Pupilla almuhambetovae Prysjazhnjuk 2017
Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier 1837)
Pupilla bargi Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla belokrysi Steklov 1966
Pupilla bipatulata Akramowski 1943
Pupilla blainvilleana (Dupuy 1850)
Pupilla bogdanovkaense Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla crossei (Michaud 1862)
Pupilla cupella O. Boettger 1889
Pupilla diezi (Flach 1890)
Pupilla duplicata (Preston 1911)
Pupilla ficulnea (Tate 1894)
Pupilla goniodon Pilsbry 1927
Pupilla guadalupensis Pilsbry 1927
Pupilla hebes (Ancey 1881)
Pupilla hokkaidoensis Nekola, Coles & S. Chiba 2014
Pupilla hudsoniana Nekola & Coles 2014
Pupilla iheringi Suter 1900
Pupilla inermis Russell 1931
Pupilla inops (Reinhardt 1877)
Pupilla iratiana (Dupuy 1850)
Pupilla khunjerabica Auffenberg & Pokryszko 2009
Pupilla kyrostriata Walther & Hausdorf 2014
Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus 1758)
Pupilla mutabilis Steklov 1966
Pupilla paraturcmenica Hlaváč & Pokryszko 2009
Pupilla poltavica O. Boettger 1889
Pupilla pratensis (Clessin 1871)
Pupilla retusa (Sandberger 1858)
Pupilla roberti Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla salemensis (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford 1861)
Pupilla satparanica Pokryszko & Auffenberg 2009
Pupilla shantungensis Yen 1969
Pupilla steinheimensis (K. Miller 1900)
Pupilla sterkiana (Pilsbry 1890)
Pupilla sterrii (Voith 1840)
Pupilla tetrodus (Boettger 1870)
Pupilla triplicata (S. Studer 1820)
Pupilla tschumakovi Prysjazhnjuk 2017
Pupilla ziaratana Pokryszko & Auffenberg 2009
Albertanella Russell 1931
Gibbulinopsis Germain 1919
Glyptopupoides Pilsbry 1926
Microstele O. Boettger 1886
Omegapilla Iredale 1937
Pupoides L. Pfeiffer 1854
Pupoidopsis Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke 1921

Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Biota
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda Cuvier 1795
Heterobranchia Burmeister 1837
Euthyneura
Tectipleura
Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber 1990
Stylommatophora A. Schmidt 1855
Helicina Rafinesque 1815
Pupilloidei
Pupilloidea W. Turton 1831
Pupillidae W. Turton 1831
Pupilla J. Fleming 1828 (هذه الصفحة)
Pupilla aeoli (Hilber 1884)
Pupilla afghanicum Solem 1979
Pupilla alabiella Schileyko 1984
Pupilla alaskensis Nekola & Coles 2014
Pupilla almuhambetovae Prysjazhnjuk 2017
Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier 1837)
Pupilla annandalei Pilsbry 1921
Pupilla anzobica Izzatullaev 1970
Pupilla armeniaca (Issel 1865)
Pupilla bargi Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla belokrysi Steklov 1966
Pupilla bipatulata Akramowski 1943
Pupilla bituberculata H.-J. Wang & S.-Y. Guo 1991
Pupilla blainvilleana (Dupuy 1850)
Pupilla blandii Morse 1865
Pupilla bogdanovkaense Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla capitani (de Morgan 1920)
Pupilla crossei (Michaud 1862)
Pupilla cupella O. Boettger 1889
Pupilla diezi (Flach 1890)
Pupilla diopsis (W. H. Benson 1863)
Pupilla duplicata (Preston 1911)
Pupilla ficulnea (Tate 1894)
Pupilla gallae Tzvetkov 1940
Pupilla goniodon Pilsbry 1927
Pupilla grabaui (Ping 1929)
Pupilla guadalupensis Pilsbry 1927
Pupilla gutta (W. H. Benson 1864)
Pupilla hebes (Ancey 1881)
Pupilla hokkaidoensis Nekola, Coles & S. Chiba 2014
Pupilla hopeiensis (Ping 1929)
Pupilla hudsoniana Nekola & Coles 2014
Pupilla iheringi Suter 1900
Pupilla impressa (F. Sandberger 1862)
Pupilla inequidenta Schileyko & Almuhambetova 1979
Pupilla inermis L. S. Russell 1931
Pupilla inops (Reinhardt 1877)
Pupilla iratiana (Dupuy 1850)
Pupilla khunjerabica Auffenberg & Pokryszko 2009
Pupilla kyrostriata Walther & Hausdorf 2014
Pupilla limata Schileyko 1984
Pupilla loessica Ložek 1954
Pupilla michaudi Wenz 1919
Pupilla mlomnickii (Friedberg 1905)
Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus 1758)
Pupilla mutabilis Steklov 1966
Pupilla paraturcmenica Hlaváč & Pokryszko 2009
Pupilla parvula (Deshayes 1863)
Pupilla perlabiata Gottschick & Wenz 1919
Pupilla poltavica O. Boettger 1889
Pupilla profundotuberculata H.-J. Wang & S.-Y. Guo 1991
Pupilla quxuensis D.-N. Chen & G.-Q. Zhang 2001
Pupilla retusa (F. Sandberger 1858)
Pupilla roberti Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla salemensis (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford 1861)
Pupilla satparanica Pokryszko & Auffenberg 2009
Pupilla selecta (Thomä 1845)
Pupilla selectiformis (Simionescu & Barbu 1940)
Pupilla seriola (W. H. Benson 1861)
Pupilla shantungensis Yen 1969
Pupilla signataeformis Steklov 1966
Pupilla simplexa Y.-T. Li 1985
Pupilla sonorana (Sterki 1899)
Pupilla staszicii (Łomnicki 1886)
Pupilla steinheimensis (K. Miller 1900)
Pupilla sterkiana (Pilsbry 1889)
Pupilla sterrii (Voith 1840)
Pupilla striopolita Schileyko 1984
Pupilla subquadridens (A. d'Orbigny 1852)
Pupilla syngenes (Pilsbry 1890)
Pupilla talassika Meng 2008
Pupilla tetrodus (O. Boettger 1870)
Pupilla triplicata (S. Studer 1820)
Pupilla triplicatoidea Steklov 1966
Pupilla tschumakovi Prysjazhnjuk 2017
Pupilla turcmenia O. Boettger 1889
Pupilla zeisslerae Schlickum 1975
Pupilla ziaratana Pokryszko & Auffenberg 2009
Albertanella L. S. Russell 1931
Corena A. Adams 1870
Gibbulinopsis Germain 1919
Glyptopupoides Pilsbry 1926
Microstele O. Boettger 1886
Omegapilla Iredale 1937
Pupilla J. Fleming 1828
Pupoides L. Pfeiffer 1854
Pupoidopsis Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke 1921
Sinopupoides Y.-T. Li 1987

Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Biota
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda Cuvier 1795
Heterobranchia Burmeister 1837
Euthyneura
Tectipleura
Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber 1990
Stylommatophora A. Schmidt 1855
Helicina Rafinesque 1815
Pupilloidei
Pupilloidea W. Turton 1831
Pupillidae W. Turton 1831
Pupilla J. Fleming 1828 (هذه الصفحة)
Pupa bigsbii Dawson 1880
Albertanella L. S. Russell 1931
Corena A. Adams 1870
Gibbulinopsis Germain 1919
Glyptopupoides Pilsbry 1926
Microstele O. Boettger 1886
Omegapilla Iredale 1937
Pupilla J. Fleming 1828
Pupoides L. Pfeiffer 1854
Pupoidopsis Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke 1921
Sinopupoides Y.-T. Li 1987

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 - Test

Pupilla J. Fleming 1828 (هذه الصفحة)
Pupilla alaskensis Nekola & Coles 2014
Pupilla almuhambetovae Prysjazhnjuk 2017
Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier 1837)
Pupilla bargi Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla belokrysi Steklov 1966
Pupilla bipatulata Akramowski 1943
Pupilla blainvilleana (Dupuy 1850)
Pupilla bogdanovkaense Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla crossei (Michaud 1862)
Pupilla cupella O. Boettger 1889
Pupilla diezi (Flach 1890)
Pupilla duplicata (Preston 1911)
Pupilla ficulnea (Tate 1894)
Pupilla goniodon Pilsbry 1927
Pupilla guadalupensis Pilsbry 1927
Pupilla hebes (Ancey 1881)
Pupilla hokkaidoensis Nekola, Coles & S. Chiba 2014
Pupilla hudsoniana Nekola & Coles 2014
Pupilla iheringi Suter 1900
Pupilla inermis Russell 1931
Pupilla inops (Reinhardt 1877)
Pupilla iratiana (Dupuy 1850)
Pupilla khunjerabica Auffenberg & Pokryszko 2009
Pupilla kyrostriata Walther & Hausdorf 2014
Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus 1758)
Pupilla mutabilis Steklov 1966
Pupilla paraturcmenica Hlaváč & Pokryszko 2009
Pupilla poltavica O. Boettger 1889
Pupilla pratensis (Clessin 1871)
Pupilla retusa (Sandberger 1858)
Pupilla roberti Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla salemensis (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford 1861)
Pupilla satparanica Pokryszko & Auffenberg 2009
Pupilla shantungensis Yen 1969
Pupilla steinheimensis (K. Miller 1900)
Pupilla sterkiana (Pilsbry 1890)
Pupilla sterrii (Voith 1840)
Pupilla tetrodus (Boettger 1870)
Pupilla triplicata (S. Studer 1820)
Pupilla tschumakovi Prysjazhnjuk 2017
Pupilla ziaratana Pokryszko & Auffenberg 2009
Albertanella Russell 1931
Gibbulinopsis Germain 1919
Glyptopupoides Pilsbry 1926
Microstele O. Boettger 1886
Omegapilla Iredale 1937
Pupoides L. Pfeiffer 1854
Pupoidopsis Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke 1921

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Spiralia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Pupilloidea
Pupillidae
Pupilla (هذه الصفحة)
Pupilla alaskensis Nekola & Coles 2014
Pupilla almuhambetovae Prysjazhnjuk 2017
Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier 1837)
Pupilla bargi Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla belokrysi Steklov 1966
Pupilla bigranata (Rossmässler 1839)
Pupilla bipatulata Akramowski 1943
Pupilla blainvilleana (Dupuy 1850)
Pupilla bogdanovkaense Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla crossei (Michaud 1862)
Pupilla cupella O. Boettger 1889
Pupilla diezi (Flach 1890)
Pupilla duplicata (Preston 1911)
Pupilla ficulnea (Tate 1894)
Pupilla goniodon Pilsbry 1927
Pupilla guadalupensis Pilsbry 1927
Pupilla hebes (Ancey 1881)
Pupilla hokkaidoensis Nekola, Coles & S. Chiba 2014
Pupilla hudsoniana Nekola & Coles 2014
Pupilla iheringi Suter 1900
Pupilla inermis Russell 1931
Pupilla inops (Reinhardt 1877)
Pupilla iratiana (Dupuy 1850)
Pupilla khunjerabica Auffenberg & Pokryszko 2009
Pupilla kyrostriata Walther & Hausdorf 2014
Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus 1758)
Pupilla mutabilis Steklov 1966
Pupilla paraturcmenica Hlaváč & Pokryszko 2009
Pupilla poltavica O. Boettger 1889
Pupilla pratensis (Clessin 1871)
Pupilla retusa (Sandberger 1858)
Pupilla roberti Prysiazhniuk 2017
Pupilla salemensis (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford 1861)
Pupilla satparanica Pokryszko & Auffenberg 2009
Pupilla shantungensis Yen 1969
Pupilla steinheimensis (Miller 1900)
Pupilla sterkiana (Pilsbry 1890)
Pupilla sterrii (Voith 1840)
Pupilla tetrodus (Boettger 1870)
Pupilla triplicata (S. Studer 1820)
Pupilla tschumakovi Prysjazhnjuk 2017
Pupilla ziaratana Pokryszko & Auffenberg 2009
Albertanella
Gibbulinopsis
Glyptopupoides
Microstele
Omegapilla
Pupoides
Pupoidopsis

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy

Animalia
Bilateria
Protostomia
Spiralia
Mollusca
Gastropoda Cuvier 1797
Orthogastropoda
Heterobranchia
Stylommatophora
Helicida
Helicina
Pupilloidei
Pupilloidea Turton 1831
Pupillidae Turton 1831
Pupilla Leach 1828 (هذه الصفحة)
Pupilla blandi E. S. Morse 1865
Pupilla hebes (Ancey 1881)
Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus 1758)
Pupilla sonorana (Sterki 1899)
Pupilla syngenes (Pilsbry 1890)
Bothriopupa Pilsbry 1898
Chaenaxis Pilsbry & Ferriss 1906
Columella Westerlund 1878
Nearctula Sterki 1892
Pupisoma Stoliczka 1873
Pupoides L. Pfeiffer 1854
Sterkia Pilsbry 1898

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Spiralia
Lophotrochozoa
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Euthyneura
Panpulmonata
Eupulmonata
Stylommatophora
Orthurethra
Pupillidae
Pupilla (هذه الصفحة)
Pupilla alluvionica
Pupilla alpicola
Pupilla australis
Pupilla blandi
Pupilla hebes
Pupilla hokkaidoensis
Pupilla hudsoniana
Pupilla loessica
Pupilla muscorum
Pupilla pratensis
Pupilla sonorana
Pupilla sterrii
Pupilla syngenes
Pupilla triplicata
Pupilla turcmenica
unclassified Pupilla
Anauchen
Aulacospira
Gastrocopta
Krobylos
Pronesopupa
Pupoides

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Plantae
Viridiplantae
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytina
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asteridae
Scrophulariales
Acanthaceae
Pupilla (هذه الصفحة)
Pupilla heterophylla
Pupilla lucida
Acanthus
Adenacanthus
Aechmantherea
Angkalanthus
Anisostachya
Aphanosperma
Aphelandra
Avicennia
Baphicacanthus
Beloperone
Boutonia
Crossandra
Cryphiacanthus
Cuenotia
Dasytropis
Dianthera
Diflugossa
Dipteracanthus
Ecbolium
Eremomastax
Fittonia
Gendarussa
Gerardia
Graptophyllum
Gymnostachyum
Gynocraterium
Herpetacanthus
Hymenochlaena
Isotheca
Jacobinia
Janasia
Kolobochilus
Lankesteria
Lasiocladus
Leptostachya
Liberatia
Linariantha
Lindauea
Lissospermum
Listrobanthes
Louteridium
Lychniothyrsus
Mananthes
Megaskepasma
Microstrobilus
Neohallia
Neriacanthus
Nilgirianthus
Nothoruellia
Pachystrobilus
Parachampionella
Paragutzlaffia
Parastrobilanthes
Pentstemonacanthus
Periestes
Phlogacanthus
Pleocaulus
Psacadopaepale
Pseudostenosiphonium
Pteroptychia
Ptyssiglottis
Pyrrothrix
Rhinacanthus
Ruellia
Ruspolia
Sarojusticia
Sarotheca
Sciaphyllum
Semnostachya
Semnothyrsus
Sericocalyx
Sericographis
Sericospora
Siphonoglossa
Spathacanthus
Sphacanthus
Stachyacanthus
Standleyacanthus
Staurogynopsis
Stenandriopsis
Styasasia
Supushpa
Symplectochilus
Tacoanthus
Taeniandra
Tarphochlamys
Teliostachya
Tessmanniacanthus
Tetraglochidium
Thelepaepale
Thunbergia
Thunbergioideae
Thyrsacanthus
Tremacanthus
Triaenanthus
Trichanthera
Trichocalyx
Vindasia
Xanthostachya
Xenacanthus
198 أقرباء إضافيين مقطوعين للإيجاز.
انظر ملف المصدر للحصول على قائمة كاملة.

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Unikonta
Opisthokonta
Holozoa
Filozoa
Apoikozoa
Animalia
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Lophotrochozoa
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Euthyneura
Tectipleura
Eupulmonata
Stylommatophora
Helicina
Pupilloidei
Pupilloidea
Pupillidae
Pupilla (هذه الصفحة)
Pupilla
Pupilla afghanicum
Pupilla alaskensis
Pupilla alluvionica
Pupilla alpicola
Pupilla altaica
Pupilla anzobica
Pupilla armeniaca
Pupilla bigranata
Pupilla bipatulata
Pupilla blandi
Pupilla blandii
Pupilla bogdanovi
Pupilla brevicostis
Pupilla cupa
Pupilla diopsis
Pupilla draparnaudi
Pupilla duplicata
Pupilla ficulnea
Pupilla floridana
Pupilla gallae
Pupilla gutta
Pupilla hebes
Pupilla hokkaidoensis
Pupilla hudsoniana
Pupilla iheringi
Pupilla inequidenta
Pupilla kyrostriata
Pupilla leprevieri
Pupilla loessica
Pupilla muscorum
Pupilla paraturcmenica
Pupilla pratensis
Pupilla pupula
Pupilla quxuensis
Pupilla salemensis
Pupilla seminskii
Pupilla seriola
Pupilla sonorana
Pupilla sterrii
Pupilla stoneri
Pupilla syngenes
Pupilla triplicata
Pupilla turcmenia
Pupilla turcmenica
Pupilla valkanovi
Pupina flava
Australbinula
Bothriopupa
Chaenaxis
Gastrocopta
Gibbulinopsis
Glyptopupoides
Gyliotrachela
Gyrodaria
Imputegla
Lyropupa
Omegapilla
Papualbinula
Pronesopupa
Ptychalaea
Pumilicopta
Pupillinae
Pupisoma
Pupoides
Pupoidinae
Pupoidopsis
Somniopupa
Sterkia
Themapupa
Vertigo
Wallivertilla

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Unikonta
Opisthokonta
Holozoa
Filozoa
Apoikozoa
Animalia
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Lophotrochozoa
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Euthyneura
Tectipleura
Eupulmonata
Stylommatophora
Helicina
Pupilloidei
Pupilloidea
Pupillidae
Pupilla
Pupilla (هذه الصفحة)
Pupa cristata
Pupa indigena
Pupa sonorana
Pupilla afghanicum
Pupilla alaskensis
Pupilla alluvionica
Pupilla alpicola
Pupilla altaica
Pupilla anzobica
Pupilla armeniaca
Pupilla bigranata
Pupilla bipatulata
Pupilla blandi
Pupilla blandii
Pupilla bogdanovi
Pupilla brevicostis
Pupilla cupa
Pupilla diopsis
Pupilla draparnaudi
Pupilla duplicata
Pupilla ficulnea
Pupilla floridana
Pupilla gallae
Pupilla gutta
Pupilla hebes
Pupilla hokkaidoensis
Pupilla hudsoniana
Pupilla iheringi
Pupilla inequidenta
Pupilla kyrostriata
Pupilla leprevieri
Pupilla loessica
Pupilla muscorum
Pupilla paraturcmenica
Pupilla pratensis
Pupilla pupula
Pupilla quxuensis
Pupilla salemensis
Pupilla seminskii
Pupilla seriola
Pupilla sonorana
Pupilla sterrii
Pupilla stoneri
Pupilla syngenes
Pupilla triplicata
Pupilla turcmenia
Pupilla turcmenica
Pupilla valkanovi
Pupina flava

World Register of Marine Species

Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Pupillidae
Pupilla (هذه الصفحة)
Pupilla alluvionica Meng & Hoffman 2008
موسوعة الحياة يتم استضافتها من قبل: