Common Names
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
littleleaf ratany
littleleaf krameria
little-leaf krameria
range ratany
spiny little-leaf krameria
sticky little-leaf krameria
wood ratany
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Cover Value
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
coverLittleleaf ratany provides thermal cover for rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp.) and
the western whiptail (Cnemidophorus tigris) [
25]. Small mammals, such
as the Bailey's pocket mouse (Perognathus baileyi), use littleleaf ratany for
hiding cover [
26]. For large mammals it provides poor to fair hiding
cover.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fruit,
indehiscent,
shrubLittleleaf ratany is a native, long-lived, deciduous, perennial shrub that
grows from 12 to 24 inches (30-60 cm) tall. It is densely branched,
thorny, and drought resistant. The leaves are alternate and pubescent;
flowers are irregular and purple in color; and the fruit is globose,
indehiscent, thick walled, and spiny [
14,
17,
22,
33].
The root system is shallow, with 40 percent of the root mass in the top
4 inches (10 cm) of the soil, and spreads horizontally and radially
[
36]. The roots form grafts with members of the same or different
species forming protocooperation or a parasitic relationship. These
relationships and the hypothesis that littleleaf ratany obtains atmospheric
moisture through its foliage may explain how it can maintain active
growth after soil moisture has dropped below 3 percent [
35].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Littleleaf ratany is found in the arid regions of the southwestern United
States and northern Mexico. It occurs from southern California east to
western Texas and from southern Nevada and Utah south to northern Mexico
[
17,
34].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fire regime,
root crownLittleleaf ratany sprouts from the root crown after fire [
9].
FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
phanerophytePhanerophyte
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Littleleaf ratany's habitat is the desert environs, where it occupies open,
sandy to rocky flats, bajadas, and playas [
17,
31].
Soil: Littleleaf ratany occurs in Alfisol, Aridisol, and Entisol soil orders
[
12].
Climate: Littleleaf ratany inhabits areas where the winters are short and
mild, and the summers are long and hot. Precipitation is received
primarily in the fall and winter in the northern portion of its range
and in the summer in the southern portion. The annual precipitation is
8 to 25 inches (20-65 cm) [
8,
9].
Elevation: Littleleaf ratany generally grows at elevations ranging from 500
to 5,000 feet (150-1,500 m) [
34].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
66 Ashe juniper - redberry (Pinchot) juniper
67 Mohrs ("shin") oak
68 Mesquite
220 Rocky Mountain juniper
239 Pinyon - juniper
241 Western live oak
242 Mesquite
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
More info for the term:
shrubFRES30 Desert shrub
FRES32 Texas savanna
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon - juniper
FRES40 Desert grasslands
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the terms:
cactus,
shrub,
woodlandKO23 Juniper - pinyon woodland
KO31 Oak - juniper woodland
KO33 Chaparral
KO39 Blackbrush
K041 Creosotebush
K042 Creosotebush - bursage
K043 Paloverde - cactus shrub
KO44 Creosote bush - tarbush
KO45 Ceniza shrub
KO58 Grama - tobosa shrubsteppe
KO59 Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Littleleaf ratany is top-killed by fire [
9]. Information on fire effects on
this species is lacking.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
coverLittleleaf ratany is an important forage species for all classes of livestock
and for deer (Odocoileus spp.) [
6]. It also provides cover for small
mammals and reptiles [
25,
26].
In Arizona littleleaf ratany is an important component in the diet of deer.
It comprises approximately 10 percent of white-tailed deer's (O.
virginianus) diet and 23 percent of mule deer's (O. hemionus) diet
[
2,
3].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
association,
shrub,
treeLittleleaf ratany commonly occurs in the understory of catclaw acacia (Acacia
greggii), Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), juniper (Juniperus spp.),
pinyon pine (Pinus edulis), and shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella)
[
9,
28,
31]. In the shrub layer, littleleaf ratany is associated with
creosotebush (Larrea spp.) and white bursage (Ambrosia dumosa) [
5].
Littleleaf ratany is listed as a dominant in the chaparral plant association
classification of Arizona by Carmichael and others [
9].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
shrubShrub
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Littleleaf ratany decreases in response to heavy grazing [
7]. Judd [
16]
suggests that 25 to 50 percent of the current year's growth be used on a
well-grazed range. Beyond 50 percent littleleaf ratany is receiving too much
grazing pressure.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Nutritional Value
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Krausman and others [
18] reported the bimonthly nutritional value
(percent composition) of littleleaf ratany as follows:
Dry Cell Hemi-
matter Protein Lignin soluble Cellulose cellulose
Jan. 66.11 5.81 10.33 37.63 31.60 20.62
March 58.75 5.79 9.63 39.14 29.65 21.62
May 58.42 6.58 9.36 45.64 23.69 21.09
July 62.35 7.87 11.74 40.68 27.84 19.57
Sept. 52.37 7.30 11.16 39.46 29.67 19.86
Nov. 60.63 6.28 11.16 39.34 24.52 23.28
The in-vitro digestibility of littleleaf ratany varies with the species of
deer. Mule deer are able to utilize 40 percent of it while white-tailed
deer only utilize 31 percent [
30].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
AZ CA NV NM TX UT MEXICO
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Other uses and values
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
The Papago Indians used an infusion of the twigs externally for treating
sore eyes and internally for dysentery. The roots provided them with a
red dye for wool and other materials. The dye was also used as an ink
[
19,
24].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Palatability
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Palatability of littleleaf ratany is rated fair to good for cattle and sheep
[
16]. Mule and white-tailed deer browse littleleaf ratany year-long with
seasonal peaks. Mule deer peak use is from February to April and from
August to October, and white-tailed deer peak use is from August to
October [
2,
3].
The relish and degree of use shown by livestock and wildlife species for
littleleaf ratany in several western states is rated as follows
[
2,
16,
24,
29,
30]:
AZ NM NV TX UT
Cattle fair fair fair fair fair
Sheep good good good good good
Mule deer good good good good good
White-tailed deer fair fair fair fair fair
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. Compared to associated species, littleleaf ratany remains dormant for at
least a month longer in the spring and retains its leaves for up to 2
months longer in the fall [
1,
35].
The mean dates and one standard deviation [(SD) in days] of the
phenological development of littleleaf ratany are as follows [
27]:
Development Date SD
---------------------------------------------------------------
Leaf budding April 7 +/- 4.5
flowering May 5 +/- 4.6
Fruiting May 22 +/- 4.6
The phenological development of littleleaf ratany is based primarily on the
temperature regime and secondarily on the moisture regime [
4,
27]. It
does not go dormant during the summer no matter how dry the soil. Range
ratany can photosynthesize when its water potential is at negative 72
bars. Dormancy starts when night temperatures consistently drop below
40 degrees F (4 deg C) [
1].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Plant Response to Fire
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
root crown,
top-killLittleleaf ratany sprouts from the root crown following top-kill by fire
[
9].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
caudex,
root crown,
seedsurvivor species; on-site surviving root crown or caudex
off-site colonizer; seed carried by animals or water; postfire yr 1&2
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
seedLittleleaf ratany reproduces sexually by seed. In years with high soil
moisture it will flower twice, in the spring and again in the fall
[
31].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
6 Upper Basin and Range
7 Lower Basin and Range
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
climax,
shrubLittleleaf ratany is a component of some climax desert shrub communities
[
37]. It is a dominant in the shrub live oak-mixed shrub and shrub live
oak-birchleaf mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber) plant
associations [
9].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Synonyms
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Krameria glandulosa Rose & Painter
Krameria imparata (J.F. Macbr.) Britton
Krameria parvifolia Benth.
Krameria parvifolia Benth. var. glandulosa (Rose & Painter) J.F. Macbr.
Krameria parvifolia Benth. var. imparata J.F. Macbr.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name of littleleaf ratany is Krameria
erecta Willd. ex Schult. (Krameriaceae) [
32].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Griffith, Randy Scott. 1991. Krameria erecta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Comprehensive Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من North American Flora
Krameria erecta Wilid.; R. & vS. Syst. Veg. Mant. 3: 303. 1827
Krameria rosmarinifoUa Pavon; Chodat. Arch. Sci. Phy-s. III. 24; 499. 1890. Krameria Palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 304. 1895.
A much-branched, compact shrub, 6-9 dm. high, the very slender twigs and the young Jeaves strigose. Leaves linear, sessile, 6-15 mm. long, obtuse or acutish, strigose or nearly or quite glabrous when mature; peduncles about as long as the leaves or longer, the bracts small; sepals oblong, obtuse, about 6 mm. long; lower petals broadly obovate, 2 mm. long; upper petals 4-5 mm. long, united below the middle, the limb of the middle one expanded, those of the lateral ones dilated; stamens borne on the claw of the upper petals; fruit globose, entirely glabrous, the body about 8 mm. in diameter, slightly compressed, the subulate spines about 3 mm. long, naked.
Type locality: Not cited. Distribution: Sonora and Sinaloa.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose. 1928. (ROSALES); MIMOSACEAE. North American flora. vol 23(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من North American Flora
Krameria glandulosa Rose &. Painter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 108. 1906.
Krameria parvifolia A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 41. 1852. Not Benth. 1844. Krameria parvifolia glandulosa T. Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. II. 56: 52. 1918.
A much-branched shrub, 3-7 dm. high, the slender twigs strigose-canescent. Leaves linear, sessile, obtuse, or acute, appressed-canescent or strigose, 4-12 mm. long; peduncles slender, 6-15 mm. long, appressed-canescent or strigose, stipitate-glandular, the bracts foliaceous, also often glandular; sepals 5, purple, strigose, 6-7 mm. long, obtuse or acute, the outer ones more or less stipitate-glandular; lower petals cuneate-obovate, about 3 mm. long; upper petals 4-5 mm. long, united for nearly one-half their length, the blade of the middle one oblong, acute, those of the lateral ones obliquely ovate; stamens borne on the claw of the upper petals; fruit globular, the Ijody 6-7 mm. in diameter, rather densely strigose, the aeicular spines mostly barbless.
Type locality: El Paso, Texas.
Distribution: Texas to New Mexico. Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Sonora and California.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose. 1928. (ROSALES); MIMOSACEAE. North American flora. vol 23(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من North American Flora
Krameria parvifolia Bentli. Bot. Voy. Sulphur 6. 1844
A much-branched [glandular shrub, the short twigs strigose. Leaves linear, sessile, about 10 mm. long, or shorter, strigose, obtuse or acute; peduncles slender, mostly longer than the leaves, the bracts linear, short; sepals narrowly oblong, S-10 mm. long, obtiuish, sparingly strigose; lower petals truncate, nearly rectangular, smooth, 3 mm. long; upper petals 4-5 mm. long, connate near the base, the claw very short, the limb of the middle one oblong, those of the lateral ones expanded; stamens borne on the claw of the upper petals; fruit subglobose, somewhat compressed, sometimes blimt-pointed, the body about 8 mm. in diameter, rather sparingly strigose, the aeicular sp'nes about 3 mm. long, sparingly barbed.
Type locality: Bay of Magdalena, Lower California. Distribution: Southern Lower California.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose. 1928. (ROSALES); MIMOSACEAE. North American flora. vol 23(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من North American Flora
Krameria interior Rose & Painter; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat Herb. 10: 108. 1906.
A much-branched shrub, about 3 dm. high, or higher, the slender, nearly straight twigs densely strigose. Leaves linear, sharply acute, sessile, 1-2 cm. long, strigose on both sides; peduncles hirsute, about as long as the leaves, or shorter, the bracts similar to the leaves; fruit globose, the body 7-8 mm. in diameter, densely tomentose, the sul)ulate-acicular spines about 6 mm. long, barbed above the middle.
Type locality: San Juan Capistravo, Zacatecas. Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose. 1928. (ROSALES); MIMOSACEAE. North American flora. vol 23(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من North American Flora
Krameria imparata (T. Macbride) Britton
Krameria parvifolia imparata T. Macbride. Contr. Gray Herb. II. 56: 52. 191S.
A low, eglandular, usually much-branched shrub, the twigs appressed-sericeous. Leaves linear, sessile, acute or obtuse, appressed-sericeous, 2-12 mm. long; peduncles slender, sericeous, about 15 mm. long, or shorter, the bracts foliaceous; sepals 5, sericeous, oblong or oblonglanceolate, obtuse or acute, 6-1 1 mm. long; lower petals elliptic to cuneate-obovate, subtruncate, 2.5-3 mm. long; upper petals about 4 mm. long, united below into a short claw, the limb of the middle one oblong, those of the lateral ones obliquely ovate, the stamens borne on the claw; fruit densely strigose, the aeicular spines strongly barbed nearly throughout.
Type locality: Mountain Springs, California.
Distribution: I'tuh (according to Macbride); Nevada to Arizona, California and Sonora.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose. 1928. (ROSALES); MIMOSACEAE. North American flora. vol 23(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Krameria erecta
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Krameria erecta is a species of rhatany known by several common names, including Pima rhatany, purple heather, and littleleaf rhatany. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in dry areas such as desert flats and chaparral slopes. This is a small, tangled shrub under a meter in height with blunt, thorny branches covered in silky hairs and fuzzy linear leaves. The shrub flowers in the spring and again in the fall during wetter years. The showy flower has four or five bright pink cup-shaped sepals and usually five smaller, triangular petals which are pink with green bases. The three upper petals are held erect and the lower two are glandular structures next to the ovary. Next to these are four curving stamens. The fruit is a furry heart-shaped body covered in pink spines. It reproduces by seed. This species and others in its genus are root parasites, tapping the tissues of nearby plants for nutrients, especially water. This helps it survive in soil that is almost totally dry.
Krameria erecta: Brief Summary
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Krameria erecta is a species of rhatany known by several common names, including Pima rhatany, purple heather, and littleleaf rhatany. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in dry areas such as desert flats and chaparral slopes. This is a small, tangled shrub under a meter in height with blunt, thorny branches covered in silky hairs and fuzzy linear leaves. The shrub flowers in the spring and again in the fall during wetter years. The showy flower has four or five bright pink cup-shaped sepals and usually five smaller, triangular petals which are pink with green bases. The three upper petals are held erect and the lower two are glandular structures next to the ovary. Next to these are four curving stamens. The fruit is a furry heart-shaped body covered in pink spines. It reproduces by seed. This species and others in its genus are root parasites, tapping the tissues of nearby plants for nutrients, especially water. This helps it survive in soil that is almost totally dry.
Krameria erecta
(
الفرنسية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia FR
Krameria erecta est un buisson de la famille des Krameriaceae originaire du sud-ouest des États-Unis et du nord du Mexique. Il est parfois inclus dans la famille des Zygophyllaceae.
Description morphologique
Appareil végétatif
Ce buisson bas, aux nombreux rameaux intriqués, à la couleur grisâtre, mesure généralement entre 15 et 60 cm mais peut atteindre 1 voire 2 m de hauteur. Le jeunes tiges sont vertes, couvertes de poils raides, alors que les tiges plus âgées présentent une écorce grise, striée. Les feuilles très étroites, presque linéaires, de 0,6 à 1,3 cm de long pour 0,5 à 2 mm de large, sont alternées, couleur vert-gris et velues[1],[2].
Appareil reproducteur
La floraison a lieu principalement en mars/avril[3], mais peut s'étendre de mars à octobre[1].
Les fleurs, rouge-violacé, sont disposées selon une symétrie bilatérale, portées à l'aisselle des feuilles par un pédicelle de 5 à 12 (voire 20) mm de long, couvert de poils glanduleux. Chaque fleur mesure 2 cm de diamètre en moyenne. L'involucre est formé de bractées linéaires de 5 à 7 (voire 12) mm de long. Le calice est composé de 5 sépales dont l'intérieur est rose ou rouge-violacé et l'extérieur, vert, est densément recouvert de poils ; chaque sépale mesure environ 8 mm de long pour 4 à 6 mm de large. La corolle est constituée de 5 pétales beaucoup plus petits que les sépales : trois sont groupés dans la partie supérieure de la fleur et joints à la base, ils sont grossièrement triangulaires, roses ou rouge-violacé à l'extrémité et vert à la base et mesurent entre 4 et 6 mm de long ; les deux autres, dans la partie inférieure, sont réduits à deux coussinets rose-pourpre glanduleux, proches de l'ovaire, appelés élaiophores, qui produisent une substance lipidique collectée par des abeilles du genre Centris. Il y a quatre étamines de 4 mm de longueur, blanc rosé. L'ovaire mesure 3 mm de long et son style est rose[1],[2].
Les fruits sont des gousses en forme de cœur, de 6 mm de large, très velues et couvertes d'épines rougeâtres. Les graines sont lisses, sans endosperme[1],[2].
Répartition et habitat
On trouve cette plante dans les plaines sèches et les pentes et replats désertiques du continent nord américain, à une altitude inférieure à 1200 m[1],[4].
Son aire de répartition s'étend au nord du sud-est de la Californie jusqu'à l'ouest du Texas, et descend au sud jusqu'au nord du Mexique[1].
Elle est souvent en association avec les végétaux de la communauté "Larrea tridentata"[1] ou au sein de la communauté végétale appelée par les Américains "en:oak savanna"[2]. Elle demande très peu d'eau mais nécessite beaucoup de lumière. Elle tolère les sols calcaires[3] et préfère les sols basiques[5]. Elle n'est guère tolérante à l'ombre ou à un excès de salinité[5].
Taxinomie
Cette espèce a été nommée par le botaniste et pharmacien allemand Carl Ludwig Willdenow, mais sa description a été parachevée en 1827 par le médecin et naturaliste autrichien Josef August Schultes et par son fils aîné Julius Hermann Schultes dans "Mantissa". Elle a reçu d'autres appellations, considérées comme synonymes: Krameria glandulosa Rose & Painter, Krameria imparata (J.F. Macbr.) Britt., Krameria interior Rose & Painter, Krameria navae Rzed., Krameria palmeri Rose, Krameria parviflora Benth., Krameria parvifolia Benth., ou encore Krameria rosmarinifolia Pavon ex Chodat[6].
Notes et références
-
↑ a b c d e f et g (en) MacMahon J.A. (1997) Deserts p 364, National Audubon Society Nature Guides, Knopf A.A. Inc, (ISBN 0-394-73139-5)
-
↑ a b c et d (en) SEINet, « Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes », sur http://swbiodiversity.org (consulté le 14 juillet 2010)
-
↑ a et b (en) « Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes », Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas, Austin, 2007 (consulté le 9 février 2009)
-
↑ (en) « K. erecta Schult. », Jepson Flora Project, University of California (consulté le 9 février 2009)
-
↑ a et b (en) « Krameria erecta Willd. ex Schult. », USDA et NRCS (consulté le 9 février 2009)
-
↑ (en) Missouri Botanical Garden, « Krameria erecta Willd. ex Schult. ; Synonyms », sur http://www.tropicos.org (consulté le 27 août 2010)
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Krameria erecta: Brief Summary
(
الفرنسية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia FR
Krameria erecta est un buisson de la famille des Krameriaceae originaire du sud-ouest des États-Unis et du nord du Mexique. Il est parfois inclus dans la famille des Zygophyllaceae.
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Krameria erecta
(
الفيتنامية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia VI
Krameria erecta là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Krameriaceae. Loài này được Willd. ex Schult. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1827.[1]
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
- ترخيص
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- حقوق النشر
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
Krameria erecta: Brief Summary
(
الفيتنامية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia VI
Krameria erecta là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Krameriaceae. Loài này được Willd. ex Schult. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1827.
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- حقوق النشر
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
Крамерия прямостоячая
(
الروسية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia русскую Википедию
Вид: Крамерия прямостоячая
Международное научное название
Krameria erecta Willd. ex Schult.
Синонимы 
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 503288NCBI 228641EOL 487466IPNI 690418-1TPL tro-17200017 Крамерия прямостоячая (лат. Krameria erecta) — вид растений рода Крамерия (лат. Krameria).
Ареал и местообитание
Встречается на юго-западе США и севере Мексики, где растёт в засушливых районах, таких как пустыни и склоны чапараль.
Ботаническое описание
Это небольшой кустарник не более метра высотой с путаными колючими ветвями, покрытыми бархатистыми волосками и опушёнными линейными листьями.
Растение цветёт весной, а во влажные годы ещё и осенью. Цветки имеют 4 или 5 ярко-розовых чашевидных чашелистиков и всегда 5 маленьких треугольных лепестков, у основания зелёных, а в остальной части розовых. Три верхних лепестка направлены вверх, а два нижних являются железистыми структурами, соседними с завязью. Рядом с этими структурами располагаются 4 изогнутые тычинки. Плод сердцевидный, опушённый, его поверхность покрыта розовыми шипиками. Размножение семенное.
Крамерия прямостоячая
Общий вид растения,
цветки и
плод.
Экология
Этот вид, как и другие виды крамерии, являются корневыми паразитами, присасывающимися к тканям соседних растений. От них они получают питательные вещества и, главное, воду. Это помогает крамерии выживать на практически абсолютно сухой почве.
Примечания
Крамерия прямостоячая: Brief Summary
(
الروسية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia русскую Википедию
Крамерия прямостоячая (лат. Krameria erecta) — вид растений рода Крамерия (лат. Krameria).
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