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الأسماء في صفحات التنقل
صورة Figuladra appendiculata (Reeve 1854)
Life » … » Metazoa » … » رخويات » بطنيات القدم » … » Camaenidae

Figuladra Köhler & Bouchet 2020

الأسماء العلمية

الأسماء المفضلة

Figuladra Köhler & Bouchet 2020
تم الاعتراف بالجنس بواسطة EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
مرجع الأصنوفة من EOL Mollusca Patch
Figuladra
تم الاعتراف بالجنس بواسطة EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, Australia Species List, NCBI, and iNaturalist data coverage
Figuladra Iredale 1933
تم الاعتراف بالجنس بواسطة GBIF classification
Figuladra Köhler & Bouchet 2020
تم الاعتراف بالجنس بواسطة Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024, GBIF data coverage, and Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3

أسماء أخرى

Figuladra
Harvest ancestor بالنسبة لGBIF national node type records UK and iNaturalist
Figuladra Iredale 1933
Authority بالنسبة لNCBI

أسماء شائعة

لا توجد أسماء شائعة مرتبطة بهذه الأصنوفة.

التسلسل الهرمي المختار لـ Figuladra Köhler & Bouchet 2020

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Spiralia
Mollusca
Gastropoda Cuvier 1795
Heterobranchia Burmeister 1837
Stylommatophora
Helicoidea Rafinesque 1815
Camaenidae
Figuladra Köhler & Bouchet 2020 (هذه الصفحة)
Figuladra appendiculata (Reeve 1854)
Figuladra barneyae Stanisic 2010
Figuladra bayensis (Brazier 1876)
Figuladra challisi (Cox 1873)
Figuladra incei (Philippi 1846)
Figuladra mattea (Iredale 1933)
Figuladra muirorum Stanisic 2010
Figuladra narelleae Stanisic & Potter 2010
Figuladra pallida (Hedley & Musson 1892)
Figuladra reducta (Iredale 1937)
Figuladra volgiola (Iredale 1933)
Adclarkia Stanisic 1996
Aegista Albers 1850
Aegistohadra M. Wu 2004
Amphidromus Albers 1850
Austrocamaena Stanisic 2010
Austrochloritis Pilsbry 1891
Basedowena Iredale 1937
Baudinella Thiele 1931
Beddomea G. Nevill 1878
Billordia Stanisic 2010
Calvigenia Iredale 1938
Camaena Albers 1850
Cardiotrachia Criscione & Köhler 2014
Catellotrachia Iredale 1933
Cathaica Möllendorff 1884
Chloraea Albers 1850
Chloritisanax Iredale 1933
Cooperconcha Solem 1992
Crikey Stanisic 2009
Crookshanksia Stanisic 2010
Dirutrachia Iredale 1937
Discomelon Iredale 1938
Divellomelon Iredale 1933
Dolicheulota Pilsbry 1901
Entadella Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi 2016
Exiligada Iredale 1939
Ganesella W. T. Blanford 1863
Gloreugenia Iredale 1933
Glyptorhagada Pilsbry 1890
Granulomelon Iredale 1933
Hodopoeus Pilsbry & Cockerell 1945
Jimbouria Stanisic 2010
Kimberleytrachia Köhler 2011
Kimboraga Iredale 1939
Kugitangia Schileyko, Pazilov & Abdulazizova 2017
Kymatobaudinia Criscione & Köhler 2013
Lacustrelix Iredale 1937
Lamprellia Stanisic 2010
Landouria Godwin-Austen 1918
Lynfergusonia Stanisic 2010
Mandarina Pilsbry 1895
Marilynessa Stanisic 2010
Meliobba Iredale 1940
Melostrachia Iredale 1938
Meridistes Stanisic 2010
Molema Köhler 2011
Montanomelon Solem 1993
Moretonistes Stanisic 2010
Nannochlora Criscione & Köhler 2015
Nannochloritis Köhler & Bouchet 2020
Neocepolis Pilsbry 1891
Neotrachia Schileyko 2018
Nesiohelix Kuroda & Emura 1943
Ningbingia Solem 1981
Noctepuna Iredale 1933
Nodulabium Criscione & Köhler 2013
Obba H. Beck 1837
Ogeramua Christensen 2017
Ordtrachia Solem 1984
Ototrachia Criscione & Köhler 2013
Pachya Albers 1850
Parglogenia Iredale 1938
Phaeohelix Kuroda & Habe 1949
Plectorhagada Iredale 1933
Pleuroxia Ancey 1887
Pommerhelix S. A. Clark 2009
Ponderconcha S. A. Clark 2009
Promonturconchum Solem 1997
Protolinitis Stanisic 2010
Prototrachia Solem 1984
Pseudcupedora Solem 1992
Pseudobuliminus Gredler 1886
Pseudotrachia Schileyko 2018
Pyrochilus Pilsbry 1893
Quirosena Iredale 1941
Quistrachia Iredale 1939
Rachita Criscione & Köhler 2014
Rhynchotrochus Möllendorff 1895
Rhytidoconcha I. Rensch 1933
Sauroconcha Zhang & Shea 2008
Sinumelon Iredale 1930
Stenogyropsis Möllendorff 1899
Steorra Stanisic 2010
Stilpnodiscus Möllendorff 1899
Strepsitaurus Solem 1997
Succochlea Criscione & Köhler 2014
Sulcobasis Tapparone Canefri 1883
Takasagohadra Kuroda 1941
Thersites L. Pfeiffer 1855
Toombatrachia Stanisic 2010
Trachiopsis Pilsbry 1893
Trichobradybaena M. Wu & J.-Y. Guo 2003
Trichocathaica Gude 1919
Trozena Iredale 1938
Ventopelita Iredale 1933
Vidumelon Iredale 1933
Vincentrachia Criscione & Köhler 2013
Westraltrachia Iredale 1933
Xeromelon Criscione & Köhler 2016
Youwanjela Köhler & Shea 2012
101 أقرباء إضافيين مقطوعين للإيجاز.
انظر ملف المصدر للحصول على قائمة كاملة.

Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Biota
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda Cuvier 1795
Heterobranchia Burmeister 1837
Euthyneura
Tectipleura
Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber 1990
Stylommatophora A. Schmidt 1855
Helicina Rafinesque 1815
Helicoidei
Helicoidea Rafinesque 1815
Camaenidae Pilsbry 1895
Hadrinae Iredale 1937
Figuladra Köhler & Bouchet 2020 (هذه الصفحة)
Figuladra appendiculata (Reeve 1854)
Figuladra barneyae J. Stanisic 2010
Figuladra bayensis (Brazier 1876)
Figuladra challisi (J. C. Cox 1873)
Figuladra incei (L. Pfeiffer 1846)
Figuladra muirorum J. Stanisic 2010
Figuladra narelleae J. Stanisic & Potter 2010
Figuladra pallida (Hedley & Musson 1892)
Figuladra reducta (Iredale 1937)
Adclarkia J. Stanisic 1996
Aetholitis J. Stanisic 2010
Amplirhagada Iredale 1933
Ariophantopsis B. Rensch 1930
Arnemelassa Köhler & Bouchet 2020
Arnhemtrachia Köhler & Criscione 2013
Aslintesta Solem 1992
Australocosmica Köhler 2011
Austrocamaena J. Stanisic 2010
Austrochloritis Pilsbry 1891
Basedowena Iredale 1937
Baudinella Thiele 1931
Bentosites Iredale 1933
Billordia J. Stanisic 2010
Boriogenia J. Stanisic 2010
Calvigenia Iredale 1938
Calycia H. Adams 1865
Canefriula Iredale 1941
Caperantrum Solem 1997
Cardiotrachia Criscione & Köhler 2014
Carinotrachia Solem 1985
Catellotrachia Iredale 1933
Chloritis H. Beck 1837
Chloritisanax Iredale 1933
Chloritobadistes Iredale 1933
Claudettea Iredale 1941
Coliolus Tapparone Canefri 1886
Contramelon Iredale 1937
Cooperconcha Solem 1992
Crikey J. Stanisic 2009
Cristigibba Tapparone Canefri 1883
Cristilabrum Solem 1981
Crookshanksia J. Stanisic 2010
Crystallopsis Ancey 1887
Cupedora Iredale 1937
Cymotropis E. von Martens 1860
Damochlora Iredale 1938
Denhamiana J. Stanisic 2013
Dirutrachia Iredale 1937
Divellomelon Iredale 1933
Eurytrachia J. Stanisic 2010
Exiligada Iredale 1939
Falspleuroxia Solem 1997
Forcartia Clench & R. D. Turner 1963
Forrestena J. Stanisic 2010
Galadistes Iredale 1938
Globorhagada Iredale 1933
Gloreugenia Iredale 1933
Glyptorhagada Pilsbry 1890
Gnarosophia Iredale 1933
Granulomelon Iredale 1933
Hadra E. von Martens 1860
Jacksonena Iredale 1937
Jimbouria J. Stanisic 2010
Kandoschloritis Shea & O. L. Griffiths 2010
Kendrickia Solem 1985
Kimberleydiscus Köhler 2010
Kimberleymelon Köhler 2010
Kimberleytrachia Köhler 2011
Kimboraga Iredale 1939
Kymatobaudinia Criscione & Köhler 2013
Lacustrelix Iredale 1937
Lamprellia J. Stanisic 2010
Letitia Iredale 1941
Lorelliana J. Stanisic 2016
Lynfergusonia J. Stanisic 2010
Marilynessa J. Stanisic 2010
Megalacron I. Rensch 1934
Meliobba Iredale 1940
Melostrachia Iredale 1938
Meridistes J. Stanisic 2010
Mesodontrachia Solem 1985
Micromelon Solem 1992
Minacispira Iredale 1941
Molema Köhler 2011
Montanomelon Solem 1993
Monteithosites J. Stanisic 1996
Moretonistes J. Stanisic 2010
Mouldingia Solem 1984
Mussonena Iredale 1938
Nannochlora Criscione & Köhler 2015
Nannochloritis Köhler & Bouchet 2020
Nanotrachia Köhler & Criscione 2013
Neveritis Iredale 1938
Ningbingia Solem 1981
Noctepuna Iredale 1933
Nodulabium Criscione & Köhler 2013
Obsteugenia Iredale 1933
Offachloritis Iredale 1933
Ordtrachia Solem 1984
Ototrachia Criscione & Köhler 2013
Pallidelix Iredale 1933
Papuexul Iredale 1933
Papuina E. von Martens 1860
Papuolus Schileyko 2003
Papustyla Pilsbry 1893
Parachloritis Ehrmann 1912
Parglogenia Iredale 1938
Patrubella Iredale 1938
Perioinsolita J. Stanisic & Potter 2010
57 أقرباء إضافيين مقطوعين للإيجاز.
انظر ملف المصدر للحصول على قائمة كاملة.

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3

Figuladra Köhler & Bouchet 2020 (هذه الصفحة)
Figuladra appendiculata (Reeve 1854)
Figuladra barneyae Stanisic 2010
Figuladra bayensis (Brazier 1876)
Figuladra challisi (Cox 1873)
Figuladra incei (Philippi 1846)
Figuladra mattea (Iredale 1933)
Figuladra muirorum Stanisic 2010
Figuladra narelleae Stanisic & Potter 2010
Figuladra pallida (Hedley & Musson 1892)
Figuladra reducta (Iredale 1937)
Figuladra volgiola (Iredale 1933)
Adclarkia Stanisic 1996
Aegista Albers 1850
Aegistohadra M. Wu 2004
Amphidromus Albers 1850
Austrocamaena Stanisic 2010
Austrochloritis Pilsbry 1891
Basedowena Iredale 1937
Baudinella Thiele 1931
Beddomea G. Nevill 1878
Billordia Stanisic 2010
Calvigenia Iredale 1938
Camaena Albers 1850
Cardiotrachia Criscione & Köhler 2014
Catellotrachia Iredale 1933
Cathaica Möllendorff 1884
Chloraea Albers 1850
Chloritisanax Iredale 1933
Cooperconcha Solem 1992
Crikey Stanisic 2009
Crookshanksia Stanisic 2010
Dirutrachia Iredale 1937
Discomelon Iredale 1938
Divellomelon Iredale 1933
Dolicheulota Pilsbry 1901
Entadella Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi 2016
Exiligada Iredale 1939
Ganesella W. T. Blanford 1863
Gloreugenia Iredale 1933
Glyptorhagada Pilsbry 1890
Granulomelon Iredale 1933
Hodopoeus Pilsbry & Cockerell 1945
Jimbouria Stanisic 2010
Kimberleytrachia Köhler 2011
Kimboraga Iredale 1939
Kugitangia Schileyko, Pazilov & Abdulazizova 2017
Kymatobaudinia Criscione & Köhler 2013
Lacustrelix Iredale 1937
Lamprellia Stanisic 2010
Landouria Godwin-Austen 1918
Lynfergusonia Stanisic 2010
Mandarina Pilsbry 1895
Marilynessa Stanisic 2010
Meliobba Iredale 1940
Melostrachia Iredale 1938
Meridistes Stanisic 2010
Molema Köhler 2011
Montanomelon Solem 1993
Moretonistes Stanisic 2010
Nannochlora Criscione & Köhler 2015
Nannochloritis Köhler & Bouchet 2020
Neocepolis Pilsbry 1891
Neotrachia Schileyko 2018
Nesiohelix Kuroda & Emura 1943
Ningbingia Solem 1981
Noctepuna Iredale 1933
Nodulabium Criscione & Köhler 2013
Obba H. Beck 1837
Ogeramua Christensen 2017
Ordtrachia Solem 1984
Ototrachia Criscione & Köhler 2013
Pachya Albers 1850
Parglogenia Iredale 1938
Phaeohelix Kuroda & Habe 1949
Plectorhagada Iredale 1933
Pleuroxia Ancey 1887
Pommerhelix S. A. Clark 2009
Ponderconcha S. A. Clark 2009
Promonturconchum Solem 1997
Protolinitis Stanisic 2010
Prototrachia Solem 1984
Pseudcupedora Solem 1992
Pseudobuliminus Gredler 1886
Pseudotrachia Schileyko 2018
Pyrochilus Pilsbry 1893
Quirosena Iredale 1941
Quistrachia Iredale 1939
Rachita Criscione & Köhler 2014
Rhynchotrochus Möllendorff 1895
Rhytidoconcha I. Rensch 1933
Sauroconcha Zhang & Shea 2008
Sinumelon Iredale 1930
Stenogyropsis Möllendorff 1899
Steorra Stanisic 2010
Stilpnodiscus Möllendorff 1899
Strepsitaurus Solem 1997
Succochlea Criscione & Köhler 2014
Sulcobasis Tapparone Canefri 1883
Takasagohadra Kuroda 1941
Thersites L. Pfeiffer 1855
Toombatrachia Stanisic 2010
Trachiopsis Pilsbry 1893
Trichobradybaena M. Wu & J.-Y. Guo 2003
Trichocathaica Gude 1919
Trozena Iredale 1938
Ventopelita Iredale 1933
Vidumelon Iredale 1933
Vincentrachia Criscione & Köhler 2013
Westraltrachia Iredale 1933
Xeromelon Criscione & Köhler 2016
Youwanjela Köhler & Shea 2012
101 أقرباء إضافيين مقطوعين للإيجاز.
انظر ملف المصدر للحصول على قائمة كاملة.

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Spiralia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Helicoidea
Camaenidae
Figuladra (هذه الصفحة)
Figuladra appendiculata (Reeve 1854)
Figuladra barneyae Stanisic 2010
Figuladra bayensis (Brazier 1876)
Figuladra challisi (Cox 1873)
Figuladra incei (Philippi 1846)
Figuladra mattea (Iredale 1933)
Figuladra muirorum Stanisic 2010
Figuladra narelleae Stanisic & Potter 2010
Figuladra pallida (Hedley & Musson 1892)
Figuladra reducta (Iredale 1937)
Figuladra volgiola (Iredale 1933)
Adclarkia
Aegista
Aegistohadra
Amphidromus
Austrocamaena
Austrochloritis
Basedowena
Baudinella
Bellatrachia
Billordia
Calvigenia
Camaena
Cardiotrachia
Catellotrachia
Cathaica
Chloraea
Chloritisanax
Cooperconcha
Crikey
Crookshanksia
Dirutrachia
Discomelon
Divellomelon
Dolicheulota
Entadella
Exiligada
Ganesella
Gloreugenia
Glyptorhagada
Granulomelon
Hodopoeus
Jimbouria
Kimberleytrachia
Kimboraga
Kugitangia
Kymatobaudinia
Lacustrelix
Lamprellia
Landouria
Lynfergusonia
Mandarina
Marilynessa
Meliobba
Melostrachia
Meridistes
Meridolum
Molema
Montanomelon
Moretonistes
Nannochlora
Nannochloritis
Neocepolis
Neotrachia
Nesiohelix
Ningbingia
Noctepuna
Nodulabium
Obba
Ogeramua
Ototrachia
Pachya
Parglogenia
Phaeohelix
Plectorhagada
Pleuroxia
Pommerhelix
Promonturconchum
Protolinitis
Prototrachia
Pseudcupedora
Pseudobuliminus
Pseudotrachia
Pyrochilus
Quirosena
Quistrachia
Rachita
Rhynchotrochus
Rhytidoconcha
Sauroconcha
Semotrachia
Sinumelon
Stenogyropsis
Steorra
Stilpnodiscus
Strepsitaurus
Succochlea
Sulcobasis
Takasagohadra
Thersites
Toombatrachia
Trachiopsis
Trichobradybaena
Trichocathaica
Trozena
Ventopelita
Vidumelon
Vincentrachia
Westraltrachia
Xeromelon
Youwanjela
100 أقرباء إضافيين مقطوعين للإيجاز.
انظر ملف المصدر للحصول على قائمة كاملة.

GBIF classification

Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Camaenidae
Figuladra Iredale 1933 (هذه الصفحة)
Figuladra appendiculata (Reeve 1854)
Figuladra barneyae Stanisic 2010
Figuladra bayensis (Brazier 1876)
Figuladra challisi (Cox 1873)
Figuladra incei (Philippi 1846)
Figuladra mattea (Iredale 1933)
Figuladra muirorum Stanisic 2010
Figuladra narelleae Stanisic & Potter 2010
Figuladra pallida (Hedley & Musson 1892)
Figuladra reducta (Iredale 1937)
Figuladra volgiola (Iredale 1933)
Adclarkia Stanisic 1996
Albersia H. Adams 1865
Amphidromus Albers 1850
Amplirhagada Iredale 1933
Arnemelassa Iredale 1938
Aslintesta Solem 1992
Austrochloritis Pilsbry 1891
Basedowena Iredale 1937
Baudinella Thiele 1931
Beddomea G. Nevill 1878
Bellatrachia Schileyko 2018
Bentosites Iredale 1933
Bradybaena Beck 1837
Calvigenia Iredale 1938
Camaena Albers 1850
Caperantrum Solem 1997
Carinotrachia Solem 1985
Chloraea Albers 1850
Chloritis H. Beck 1837
Chloritisanax Iredale 1933
Contramelon Iredale 1937
Cooperconcha Solem 1992
Cristigibba Tapparone Canefri 1883
Cristilabrum Solem 1981
Cupedora Iredale 1937
Damochlora Iredale 1938
Dirutrachia Iredale 1937
Discomelon Iredale 1938
Divellomelon Iredale 1933
Exiligada Iredale 1939
Falspleuroxia Solem 1997
Fruticicola Held 1838
Galadistes Iredale 1938
Gloreugenia Iredale 1933
Glyptorhagada Pilsbry 1890
Gnarosophia Iredale 1933
Granulomelon Iredale 1933
Hadra E. von Martens 1860
Jacksonena Iredale 1937
Kendrickia Solem 1985
Kimboraga Iredale 1939
Lacustrelix Iredale 1937
Letitia Iredale 1941
Mandarina Pilsbry 1895
Meliobba Iredale 1940
Meridolum Iredale 1942
Mesodontrachia Solem 1985
Micromelon Solem 1992
Montanomelon Solem 1993
Monteithosites Stanisic 1996
Mouldingia Solem 1984
Mussonena Iredale 1938
Neotrachia Schileyko 2018
Neveritis Iredale 1938
Ningbingia Solem 1981
Noctepuna Iredale 1933
Obba H. Beck 1837
Offachloritis Iredale 1933
Ordtrachia Solem 1984
Pallidelix Iredale 1933
Papuexul Iredale 1933
Papuina E. von Martens 1860
Parglogenia Iredale 1938
Planispira H. Beck 1837
Plectorhagada Iredale 1933
Plectotropis E. von Martens 1860
Pleuroxia Ancey 1887
Posorites Iredale 1933
Promonturconchum Solem 1997
Prototrachia Solem 1984
Prymnbriareus Solem 1981
Pseudcupedora Solem 1992
Pseudopartula L. Pfeiffer 1856
Pseudotrachia Schileyko 2018
Quistrachia Iredale 1939
Ramogenia Iredale 1938
Retroterra Solem 1985
Rhagada Albers 1860
Rhynchotrochus Möllendorff 1895
Satsuma A. Adams 1868
Semotrachia Iredale 1933
Setobaudinia Iredale 1933
Sinochloritis M. Wu & Z. Chen 2019
Sinumelon Iredale 1930
Sphaerospira Mörch 1867
Spurlingia Iredale 1933
Strepsitaurus Solem
Tatemelon Solem 1993
Temporena Iredale 1933
Thersites L. Pfeiffer 1855
Tolgachloritis Iredale 1933
Torresitrachia Iredale 1939
Trachia Albers 1860
Trachiopsis Pilsbry 1893
Trozena Iredale 1938
Turgenitubulus Solem 1981
Ventopelita Iredale 1933
Vidumelon Iredale 1933
Westraltrachia Iredale 1933
Xanthomelon Martens 1860
170 أقرباء إضافيين مقطوعين للإيجاز.
انظر ملف المصدر للحصول على قائمة كاملة.

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Protostomia
Spiralia
Lophotrochozoa
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Euthyneura
Panpulmonata
Eupulmonata
Stylommatophora
Sigmurethra
Camaenoidea
Camaenidae
Figuladra (هذه الصفحة)
Figuladra incei
Adclarkia
Amphidromus
Amplirhagada
Apoecus
Arnemelassa
Aslintesta
Australocosmica
Austrochloritis
Basedowena
Baudinella
Beddomea
Boriogenia
Calvigenia
Camaena
Camaenella
Caracolus
Cardiotrachia
Carinotrachia
Chloritis
Chloritisanax
Coloniconcha
Contramelon
Cooperconcha
Craterodiscus
Cristilabrum
Cupedora
Damochlora
Dirutrachia
Divellomelon
Eurycratera
Exiligada
Falspleuroxia
Galadistes
Ganesella
Globorhagada
Gloreugenia
Glyptorhagada
Gnarosophia
Gonostomopsis
Granulomelon
Hadra
Isomeria
Jacksonena
Kandoschloritis
Kimberleytrachia
Kimboraga
Kymatobaudinia
Labyrinthus
Lacustrelix
Landouria
Marilynessa
Melostrachia
Meridolum
Mesodontrachia
Micromelon
Minimelon
Moellendorffia
Molema
Montanomelon
Monteithosites
Mouldingia
Mussonena
Nannochloritis
Nanotrachia
Neveritis
Ningbingia
Noctepuna
Nodulabium
Obba
Obstengenia
Offachloritis
Ordtrachia
Ototrachia
Pallidelix
Papuexul
Parachloritis
Parglogenia
Patrubella
Plectorhagada
Pleurodonte
Pleuroxia
Polydontes
Posorites
Promonturconchum
Prototrachia
Prymnbriareus
Pseudomesodontrachia
Rachita
Setocallosa
Solaropsis
Sphaerospira
Squamagenia
Succochlea
Thelidomus
unclassified Camaenidae
Varohadra
Vincentrachia
Yakuchloritis
Youwanjela
Zachrysia
32 أقرباء إضافيين مقطوعين للإيجاز.
انظر ملف المصدر للحصول على قائمة كاملة.
موسوعة الحياة يتم استضافتها من قبل: