Eviota zebrina Lachner & Karnella 1978

This species is distinguished by the following characters: cephalic sensory-canal pore system without the IT pore only (pattern 2); all pectoral rays unbranched; dorsal/anal-fin formula 8-9/7-8 (usually 9/8 in the Pacific); fifth pelvic-fin ray 5-10% of fourth ray; preural centrum with a round dark spot, not wedge-shaped; caudal fin with 3-4 dark wavy vertical lines (Ref. 107299).Description: semi-translucent greyish color with internal stripe of alternating yellowish white and dark brown; short brown stripe behind base of pectoral fin with row of white spots above and below; upper head and back with numerous narrow brown saddles; presence of six narrow brown bars above base of anal fin to lower caudal peduncle; each side of snout with horseshoe-shaped black mark on each side of snout; first four dorsal spines of male, sometimes elongate and filamentous; longitudinal scale series 21-24; ctenoid scales, absent on head, nape, breast and pectoral fin base; separated pelvic fins, bases joined by thin membrane; depth of body 5.0-5.5 in SL (Ref. 90102).

Dorsal spines (total): 6 - 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 10; Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 7 - 9

Inhabits dead algal-covered reef in 3-15 m (Ref. 90102). Reported to feed primarily on harpacticoid copepods (49.5% - 100% of the gut contents) and they consume an average of 249 copepods per square meter of reef surface (Ref. 116739).

Eviota zebrina

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—824 specimens from 13 major localities, totaling 348 males, 205 females, 271 juveniles; total range 7.1–19.0; largest male 19.0, largest female 17.4, smallest gravid female 10.8.

Holotype: USNM 218026 (15.9), male; Seychelle Islands, Curieuse I., 23 Feb 1964, J. E. Böhlke, F–64.

Paratypes: SEYCHELLE ISLANDS (collected by J. E. Böhlke in 1964): CURIEUSE ISLAND: USNM 218027, 22 (8.2–15.3), 2 juv., 14 males (15.3), 6 females (13.0); same data as holotype. ANSP 138902, 15 (7.1–15.3), 7 juv., 4 males (15.3), 4 females (12.5); 24 Feb, F–66. BEACON ISLAND: ANSP 138903, 4 (8.4–13.4), 1 juv., 2 males (13.4), 1 female (12.5); 3 Feb, F–18. PRASLIN ISLAND: ANSP 138904, 18 (8.0–14.6), 6 juv., 5 males (14.6), 7 females (13.0); 22 Feb. F–59. ANSP 138905, 28 (8.1–15.0), 10 juv., 12 males (15.0), 6 females (13.2); 22 Feb, F–61. FAON ISLAND: ANSP 138906, 99 (7.6–18.1), 31 juv., 43 males (18.1), 25 females (14.6); 29 Jan, F–11. CAS 40599, 31 (8.2–16.3), 8 juv., 15 males (16.3), 8 females (15.3); 28 Jan, F–10. ANSP 138907, 5 (8.6–16.7), 2 juv., 1 male (16.7), 2 females (11.6); 24 Jan. F–3. MAHÉ: ANSP 138908, 33 (8.5–16.1), 7 juv., 19 males (16.1), 7 females (14.4); 11 Feb, F–44. ANSP 138909, 29 (8.0–14.3), 15 juv., 9 males (14.3), 5 females (13.9); 15 Mar, F–114. ANSP 138910, 11 (11.9–16.3), 7 males (16.3), 4 females (13.9); 9 Feb, F–36. ANSP 138911, 1 (12.9), female; 8 Feb, F–35. AMS I.20062–001, 13 (8.5–18.7), 4 juv., 5 males (18.7), 4 females (13.2); 2 Feb, F–17. ANSP 138912, 1 (12.2), female; 10 Feb, F–37. ANSP 138913, 1 (12.3), male; 15 Feb, F–52.

Nontype Material: RED SEA: USNM 218028, 1 (16.2), male; Jeddah Harbor, 10 Apr 1977, W. F. Smith-Vaniz. USNM 218029, 1 (12.1) male; Strait of Jubal, Ras Muhammad, 28 Sep 1969, V. G. Springer 69–30. BPBM 20379, 1 (10.9), male; Sudan, Suakin Harbor, 12 Oct 1964, J. E. Randall. GULF OF AQABA: USNM 218030, 3 (13.0–16.5), 2 males (16.5), 1 female (14.3); Bay between Marsa Mokrakh and El Himeira, 15 Jul 1969, V. G. Springer 69–1. USNM 218031, 23 (8.4–15.3), 7 juv., 9 males (15.3), 7 females (14.0); El Himeira, 16 Jul 1969, V. G. Springer 69–2. USNM 218032, 6 (8.1–11.4), 3 juv., 3 males (11.4); Marsa Muqabila, 17 Jul 1969, V. G. Springer 69–3. USNM 218033, 6 (8.8–11.2), 2 juv., 1 male (11.2), 3 females (10.7); El Himeira, 19 Jul 1969, V. G. Springer 69–4. USNM 218034, 167 (8.7–16.3), 36 juv., 91 males (15.8), 40 females (16.3); El Himeira, 8 Sep 1969, V. P. Springer 69–23. USNM 218035, 106 (8.2–14.9), 50 juv., 28 males (14.4), 28 females (14.9); El Himeira, 9 Sep 1969, V. G. Springer 69–24. FMNH 83851, 2 (11.1–12.9), 1 juv., 1 male (12.9); Elat, 1972, J. Sohn. FMNH 83850, 1 (14.6), male; Elat, 1972, J. Sohn, no. 16. BPBM 13428, 1 (16.1), male; El Himeira, 9 Jun 1972, J. E. Randall. INDIAN OCEAN: ST. BRANDON SHOALS (collected by V. G. Springer in 1976): USNM 218036, 18 (8.1–17.1), 7 juv., 9 males (17.1), 2 females (15.0); 2 Apr, VGS 76–5. USNM 218037, 5 (12.0–14.1), 3 juv., 1 male (13.1), 1 female (14.1); 4 Apr, VGS 76–8. USNM 218038, 4 (15.0–17.2), males; 6 Apr, VGS 76–10. USNM 218039, 1 (11.9), juv.; 8 Apr, VGS 76–12. USNM 218040, 7 (11.3–19.0), 1 juv., 4 males (19.0), 2 females (13.7); 11 Apr, VGS 76–18. USNM 218041, 1 (13.8), juv.; 12 Apr, VGS 76–19. USNM 218042, 21 (12.6–18.7), 7 juv., 8 males (18.7), 6 females (16.1); 12 Apr, VGS 76–20. USNM 218043, 1 (16.0), female; 14 Apr, VGS 76–22. CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO: USNM 218044, 1 (15.4), female; Diego Garcia Atoll, 23 Jun 1967, H. A. Fehlmann 67–17. SRI LANKA: USNM 218045, 2 (9.4–15.4), 1 juv., 1 male (15.4); Trincomalee, 1 Oct 1969, P. C. Heemstra 69–280. USNM 218046, 3 (12.4–16.9), males; Korali Pattu, Passakudah Bay, 10 Jun 1970, T. Iwamoto 70–349. USNM 218047, 1 (14.1), male; Trincomalee, 3 Apr 1970, C. C. Koenig 69–133. USNM 218048, 1 (11.8), female; Trincomalee, 4 Apr 1970, C. C. Koenig 69–135. USNM 218049, 2 (14.5, 15.5) males; Trincomalee, 4 Apr 1970, C. C. Koenig 69–136. USNM 218050, 27 (8.0–16.9), 12 juv., 8 males (13.9), 7 females (16.9); Trincomalee, 6 Apr 1970, C. C. Koenig 69–141. USNM 218051, 3 (12.6–14.9), 1 male (12.6), 2 females (14.9); Trincomalee, 8 Apr 1970, C. C. Koenig 69–143. USNM 218052, 1 (16.8), male Hikkaduwa, 12 Feb 1970, C. C. Koenig 69–100. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: AMNH 36905, 1 (17.4), female; Port Hedland, 13 Apr 1969, D. Rosen 1969–75. WAM P25819–028, 1 (18.1), male; South Muiron I., 8 Jun 1977, Hutchins and Trendall, MUR–77–009. WAM P25608–036, 2 (18.0, 16.1), male and female; Dampier Arch., Kendrew I., 23 Oct 1974, G. R. Allen. GREAT BARRIER REEF, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA (collected by J. Tyler and C. L. Smith in 1969): ENDEAVOUR REEF: AMNH 36906, 1 (10.8), juv.; 6 Jan, S69–7. AMNH 36907, 1 (11.8), juv.; 13 Jan, S69–14. AMNH 36908, 3 (10.6–15.1), 2 juv., 1 male (15.1); 14 Jan, S69–16. ANSP 138915, 4 (9.8–15.6), 1 juv., 2 males (15.6), 1 female (13.9); 4 Jan, TS,A–3. ANSP 138916, 6 (9.7–13.3), 3 juv., 1 male (13.0), 2 females (13.3); 6 Jan, TS,A–5. ANSP 138917, 17 (10.0–14.1), 6 juv., 4 males (13.8), 7 females (14.1); 11 Jan, TS,A–11. ANSP 138918, 2 (11.2, 11.9), juv.; 13 Jan, TS,A–12. ANSP 138919, 14 (8.8–14.6), 10 juv., 1 male (14.6), 3 females (14.2); 14 Jan, TS,A–15. ANSP 138920, 3 (11.8–14.8), 1 juv., 1 male (14.8), 1 female (14.5); 15 Jan, TS,A–16. ANSP 138921, 2 (13.4, 14.2), 1 juv., 1 male (14.2); 16 Jan, TS,A–17. LITTLE HOPE ISLAND: AMNH 36909, 1 (14.9), male; 19 Jan, S69–23. AMNH 36910, 9 (8.6–16.7), 5 juv., 3 males (15.3), 1 female (16.7); 20 Jan, S69–25. AMNH 36911, 2 (12.9, 13.8), juv. and female; 20 Jan, S69–26. USNM 218053, 7 (9.2–19.0), 2 juv., 3 males (19.0), 2 females (14.9); 21 Jan, S69–28. AMNH 36912, 1 (9.8), juv.; 21 Jan, S69–30. ANSP 138914, 6 (12.0–18.0), 1 juv., 2 males (18.0), 3 females (16.2); 3 Jan, TS,A–2. BIG HOPE ISLAND: ANSP 138922, 8 (10.8–17.0), 4 juv., 3 males (17.0), 1 female (14.3); 19 Jan, TS,A–21. ANSP 138923, 3 (13.6–14.7), 1 juv., 1 male (14.7), I female (14.1); 19 Jan, TS,A–22. ONE TREE ISLAND: AMS 1.20063–001, 1 (12.8), male; 24 Nov 1969, F. Talbot 412.

DIAGNOSIS.—Pectoral fin rays not branched; spinous dorsal fin elongate or filamentous in both sexes, longer in males; fifth pelvic fin ray inconspicuous, usually one-tenth length fourth ray; midbase of caudal fin with a dark spot and short vertical bar; caudal fin with 3–4 dark, wavy, narrow vertical bars; spinous dorsal fin with a dark, narrow horizontal band near base.

DESCRIPTION.—Dorsal fin rays VI–I,7(1), VI–I,8(38), VI–I,9(96), VI–I,10(3); anal fin rays I,7(36), I,8(89), I,9(6); pectoral fin rays 14(3), 15(20), 16(31), 17(37), 18(9); pelvic fin rays I,4 + a rudiment (2), I,41/10 (35), I,42/10 (3); fourth ray of pelvic fin with an average of 7.4 branches, range 5–11; number of segments between consecutive branches of the fourth pelvic fin ray averages 2.3, ranges 1–6; pelvic fin membrane usually intermediate in development but sometimes reduced or well developed; branched caudal fin rays 11(19), 12(6), 13(2); segmented caudal fin rays 16(1), 17(39); lateral scale rows 21(1), 22(8), 23(13), 24(2); transverse scale rows 5(3), 6(8).

Scales ctenoid, eccentric, the radii converge on a broad focal area in posterior field; anterior field with 7–10 primary radii, 1–3 secondary radii; posterior margin of scale with a single row of 23–27 ctenii.

Dorsal fin spines I–IV may be filamentous in males, the first spine longest, reaching the procurrent caudal fin rays when depressed. Females usually without elongation of the dorsal fin spines but occasionally the first spine may be slightly filamentous. extending to the base of the second dorsal fin ray. Pelvic fin almost always extends beyond origin of anal fin. Breast scaleless.

The cephalic sensory pore system as in pattern 2. The cutaneous papillae system as in pattern B, the important aspect being the continuous lateral cephalic row (Figure 2b).

Genital papilla in male without fimbriations, the tip slightly bifurcate, elongate, and reaching base of second anal fin ray; female with short, bulbous papilla, not extending beyond anal fin spine, and with 2–3 fingerlike projections at each side of tip.

Vertebrae 10(20) precaudal and 15(19), 16(1) caudal, total 25(19), 26(1).

COLOR IN PRESERVATION.—The wide geographical range of this species, extending from the Red Sea to the Great Barrier Reef, and the fact that certain specific color marks show variation over this range necessitate describing separately each salient color mark or fin pattern and its variation among several localities. Unless stated otherwise the general color pattern described is inclusive of specimens from the type-locality.

Dark Dorsal Midline Spots: Typically 3 spots along midline in occipital-nape area and 10–12 (usually 11–12) spots on trunk midline, the first occurring just before spinous dorsal fin and extending to just before procurrent caudal fin rays. The occipital-nape spots and the first trunk spot widen to form transverse bars in some specimens from Sri Lanka and the Great Barrier Reef. All collections from Australia have 13 trunk spots, and those on specimens from the Great Barrier Reef are enlarged and saddlelike.

Dark Ventral Midline Spots: Typically 6 subcutaneous spots, occurring along ventral midline from about the base of the second anal fin ray to end of caudal peduncle. The third to the fifth spots usually with surface pigmentation. The sixth spot is usually weak and sometimes a weak, small seventh spot is present. The subcutaneous bar, upward from the sixth spot, extends obliquely forward. The bars extending upward from spots 1–5 branch along middle of trunk becoming Y-shaped or H-shaped marks; they merge to form a continuous but irregular subcutaneous midtrunk band. The Seychelles and Red Sea collections have 6 ventral spots, St. Brandon collections number 6–7 (usually 7), and all other collections have 7 spots. The spots are very weak or obscure in St. Brandon collections and prominent in the Red Sea and all Australian collections.

Head Marks: A dark horseshoe-shaped mark on snout, extending from anterior portion of eye, encircling anterior nostril, then passing posteriorly to upper portion of eye mesad to nasal sensory pores. Two dark, short, bilateral postocular bars extend posteriorly on head, dorsally to occipital area. Bars on each side may join posteriorly and consist of a loose aggregate of chromatophores or are uniform pale to dark brown. The horseshoe-shaped snout mark is weakly developed in collections from the Seychelles, St. Brandon, and Western Australia. The postocular bars are weak in collections from the Seychelles, St. Brandon, and the Great Barrier Reef and are replaced in Western Australia by uniformly scattered brown chromatophores. Specimens from Sri Lanka have a distinct dark bar from eye to rictus, passing onto lower jaw and forward to its tip.

Basicaudal Spot: A dark circular spot at end of midcaudal peduncle, barely touching a narrow, vertical dark bar at base of caudal fin rays. The circular spot is smaller than the pupil in Red Sea specimens and it is equal to or, more commonly, larger than the pupil in all other specimens. The circular spot may be deeper than wide in some specimens, particularly those from the Seychelles and St. Brandon. The vertical bar is as deep or deeper than diameter of spot and it may be separated from spot by a narrow clear area or joined to it.

Dark Oblique Caudal Fin Bars: A series of about 3½–4½ narrow wavy oblique bars in adults, reduced to 3 bars in some smaller specimens, and up to 5½ bars in Western Australia. Bars weak to moderately developed, the first and second may be enlarged ventrally, the first widest, may equal width of basicaudal spot and may emerge slightly with it; bars fainter on upper part of fin. Bars may be broken into segments, the first one commonly broken near middle portion, the upper section sometimes absent, lower portion of first bar sometimes joining upper portion of second (Sri Lanka), bars often greatly divided into several sections (all of Australian collections). Basal portion of bars of Red Sea collections enlarged, forming spots, the first largest; slight enlargements also observed in specimens from the Seychelles and Western Australia. A dusky streak on lower half of caudal fin from its base to the tip, but excluding a narrow portion of the lower margin, occurs on St. Brandon specimens and on a few from the Red Sea. The oblique bars are weakly developed in specimens from St. Brandon and they are prominent in Australian localities.

Spinous Dorsal Fin: A dark, narrow band near base of fin, the remainder of membrane pale; a series of small dark spots on filaments and outer portions of spines, absent basally.

Second Dorsal Fin: Light to moderately dusky, lower portion in some darker; 4–5 small spots on rays in a horizontal linear series, poorly developed or absent in many areas, conspicuous in specimens from Sri Lanka and Australia.

Anal Fin: Dusky, usually darker than second dorsal fin and with a narrow, pale margin.

Scale Pigmentation: The scale pockets are weakly pigmented except in Australian collections, where the pigmentation is heavy.

Specimens from St. Brandon were consistently pale colored, except for the very dark basicaudal spot. Specimens from this locality also have slender bodies, more so than in all other localities.

COLOR IN LIFE.—The following color data taken from a transparency of a male, 18.1 mm SL, WAM P25819–028, from Western Australia: a prominent reddish orange bar from lower eye to rictus and another mark from anterior eye to tip of anterior nostril; a diffuse pinkish orange area on opercle, extending slightly onto preopercle and base of pectoral fin; upper base of pectoral fin with weak, diffuse yellow orange color.

Subcutaneous bars and marks on the head and body consist of a prominent, dark horizontal bar from lower, posterior edge of eye to preopercle; 4 transverse bars on predorsal region; 12 dark spots, with some orange pigmentation, along dorsal midline of trunk, from origin of first dorsal fin to caudal fin; 7 dark spots on ventral midline from origin of anal fin to caudal fin; variously shaped darkish marks, some H-shaped, along midportion of trunk; belly dark.

Prominent yellow spots above and below dark, circular basicaudal spot; a light, somewhat circular area precedes dark basicaudal spot; a series of yellow, horizontally elongate spots on membrane between the rays of the caudal fin, alternating with dusky areas; the dark oblique bars on caudal fin, characteristic of preserved specimens, are weakly developed in this specimen; body more translucent than in preserved specimens; pigmentation of dorsal and anal fins similar to that of preserved specimens.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.—Known from the Gulf of Aqaba and Red Sea eastward to the Great Barrier Reef, but not yet known from Indonesia, Philippine Islands, and Oceania (Figure 11).

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name zebrina (NL), meaning “zebra-marked” or “striped,” is in reference to the dark oblique bars on the caudal fin.

Eviota zebrina és una espècie de peix de la família dels gòbids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Eviota zebrina es una especie de peces de la familia de los Gobiidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

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Eviota zebrina Eviota generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Gobiidae familian.

Known from the Red Sea (including the Gulf of Aqaba), across the Indian Ocean to Indonesia and Western Australia; north to Taiwan and Japan; south to the Great Barrier Reef and Lord Howe Island; localities in Oceania include the Marshall Islands, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, and Tonga. In Fiji, this species appears to be more common at the Great Astrolabe Reef than other areas sampled. The largest ROM samples were from areas with dead coral, algae, hydroids and some live coral; sand and silt bottom also were mentioned. In our CAS collections, the largest samples were from habitats with rock and green algae.