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The dartfishes of the family Ptereleotridae have been taxonomically mobile in recent years and some taxonomists now include them in the wormfish family Microdesmidae. I place them here alongside the family Eleotridae because they are also gobioids and share the clearly-divided pelvic fins of the eleotrids. Larval ptereleotrids most closely resemble the "long" larvae of my Group 4 gobies. There are only two dartfishes in the region, a pair of sibling species that vary only slightly in color: their larvae are likely identical.
The sleepers of the family Eleotridae (some use Eleotrididae) are similar to gobies but have divided and well-separated pelvic fins (photograph of the separated pelvic fins in
Eleotrids are typically found in tropical freshwater habitats, but they do penetrate brackish and mangrove environments. Some species get large as adults and can even become gamefishes in the major river systems of central America. Their larvae, however, are small to medium-sized and exhibit similar body shapes and marking patterns to the larvae of their goby relatives.
Larval eleotrids share many basic characters of larval gobies. While most of the true gobies have fused pelvic fins, several genera have divided pelvic fins like the eleotrids (although they do not have the fins completely separated at the base as do the sleepers). pelvic-fin morphology is not always easily apparent on small larvae, but fortunately there are only a few species of eleotrids in the Caribbean and larval eleotrids do have a somewhat different appearance from the usual goby gestalt.
Most eleotrid larvae share a distinctive suite of characters. They have long ventral midline streaks of melanophores that extend onto the abdomen. Most also have linear internal melanophores extending up from the anal-fin base along myomere edges. Pre-transitional stages usually have odd-shaped narrowed eyeballs, some with unusual pigmented membranes over the iris that can expand to essentially cover the shiny surface completely. Also unusual is the high number of procurrent caudal-fin rays, up to 14, in several eleotrid species; true gobies almost always have 10 or fewer, often many fewer. The goby exceptions are the larvae of the river gobies of Sicydium and Awaous. Interestingly, the common factor is freshwater habitat; the high number of procurrent caudal-fin rays is likely an adaptation for living in fast-flowing streams. Eleotrid larvae also exhibit some of the more dramatic eye-shape changes during development and at transition found in larval fishes.
Eleotrid larvae tend to share basic melanophore patterns and general morphology, and fin-ray count differences are slight. There is also a marked degree of variation within species, making species identifications more difficult. Some characters common in one larval type will occur occasionally (or later in transition) in another larval type; for example, the characteristic melanophore patterns along the jaws of Eleotris amblyopsis larvae match closely those found on the late transitional larvae of Erotelis smaragdus. Typically, a suite of characters in combination serve to distinguish the larval types and unite transitional series.
The literature reports of fin-ray counts of sleepers can differ by two fin rays or more, and sometimes disagree on whether there are equal numbers of dorsal and anal-fin rays or more or less. The literature on larval sleepers is also not helpful, since features common to the entire family are typically cited as unique to one species or other and line drawings omit other diagnostic features (likely a result of inadequate sample sizes of highly-variable larvae).
Complex neuromast patterns develop on the head, body and caudal fins of late transitional eleotrid larvae. These patterns are more developed on juveniles and adults and are commonly used for taxonomic studies. Unfortunately, the neuromasts can be hard to highlight on most transitional larvae (photograph below, from the top, larval Erotelis smaragdus, Gobiomorus dormitor, and Eleotris amblyopsis).
Los gobioideos (Gobioidei) son un suborde de pexes dientro del orde Perciformes. Son xeneralmente de vezos sedentarios y coloración de camuflaje, con güeyos más o menos saltonos y cuerpu allargáu. [1] [2]
Esisten nueve families encuadraes nesti suborde:
Guavina
Gobio
Ptereleótrido
Típicu gobio
.Los gobioideos (Gobioidei) son un suborde de pexes dientro del orde Perciformes. Son xeneralmente de vezos sedentarios y coloración de camuflaje, con güeyos más o menos saltonos y cuerpu allargáu.
The Gobiiformes /ˈɡoʊbi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an order of fish that includes the gobies and their relatives.[1][2] The order, which was previously considered a suborder of Perciformes, is made up of about 2,211 species that are divided between seven families. Phylogenetic relationships of the Gobiiformes have been elucidated using molecular data.[3][4] Gobiiforms are primarily small species that live in marine water, but roughly 10% of these species inhabit fresh water. This order is composed chiefly of benthic or burrowing species; like many other benthic fishes, most gobiiforms do not have a gas bladder or any other means of controlling their buoyancy in water, so they must spend most of their time on or near the bottom.[5][6] Gobiiformes means "goby-like".
The 5th Edition of the Fishes of the World reclassified the former superfamily Goboidei as the order Gobiiformes and also rearranged the families within the order compared to the previous edition. The largest change is that the Oxudercidae and the Gobiidae are split into two families, with the Oxudercidae containing the species formerly classified as the Gobiidae subfamilies Amblyopinae, Gobionellinae, Oxudercinae and Sicydiinae while merging the families Kraemeriidae, Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae and Schindleriidae into the family Gobiidae, though no subfamilies within the Gobiidae were proposed.[1]
Phylogeny of Gobiiformes[7][2] Trichonotoidei GobioideiOxudercidae (Gobionellidae)
Under this classification system the Gobiiformes is divided into the following families:
The loach-gobies are a small family, with only three species split between two genera, which inhabits marine and fresh water in Oceania and the western Pacific. These are thought to be among the more primitive species of the Gobiiformes.[1]
The Odontobutidae, or freshwater sleepers, contains 22 species between 6 genera from eastern Asia. This family is the sister to all the other Gobiiformes in a clade with the Rhyacichthyidae.[1]
The Milyeringidae contains two genera of cave fish, one in Western Australia and one at the other side of the Indian Ocean in Madagascar; both genera contain three recognized species. This family forms a second clade of the Gobiiformes.[1]
The sleeper gobies are a family of twenty six genera and 126 species found in freshwater and mangrove habitats throughout the tropical and temperate parts of the world as far north as the eastern United States and as far south as Stewart Island, New Zealand, except for the eastern Atlantic. Fossils of Eleotrid gobies are known from the Late Oligocene. The families Milyeringidae and Butidae were formerly classified as subfamilies of the Eleotridae but are not found to be close to the Eleotridae senus stricto in this system.[1]
The Butidae are one of the two families which are given the common name "sleeper gobies", and indeed were formerly classified as subfamily of the traditional sleeper goby family Eleotridae, although some phylogenies have placed them closer to the Oxucerdidae and the Gobiidae than to the Eleotridae. They are found in the Indo-Pacific and in West Africa, and contains 10 genera with 46 species split between them.[1]
The family Thalasseleotrididae is considered to be a sister group to the family Gobiidae and is separated as a family by the authors of this classification based on recent molecular studies. It comprises two genera of marine gobies from the temperate waters of Australia and New Zealand, with a total of three species between them.[1]
Oxudercidae is a family of gobies comprising species previously split between four subfamilies of the family Gobiidae. The family is sometimes referred to as the Gobionellidae, but Oxucerdidae has priority. The species in this family have a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and tropical areas and are found in marine and freshwater environments, typically in inshore, euryhaline areas with silt and sand substrates. The family contains 86 genera and about 600 species. Many species in this family can be found in fresh water and a number of species are found on wet beaches; some are able to survive for extended periods out of water, most famously the mudskippers.[1]
The Gobiidae as recognized in this classification now includes the former members of several families which other classifications have regarded as valid families. As classified in this work the family remains one of the most speciose families of marine fish, as well as being one of the most numerous groups of fishes in freshwater habitats on oceanic islands. Many species have fused pelvic fins that can be used as a suction device; some island species, such as the red-tailed stream goby (Lentipes concolor), are able to use these pelvic fins to ascend rock faces alongside waterfalls, allowing them to inhabit waters far from the ocean.[10] Some of the species that are found in fresh water as adults spawn in the ocean and are catadromous, not unlike the eels of the family Anguillidae. With the blennies, the Gobiidae constitute a dominant part of the benthic, small fish fauna in tropical reef habitats. They are most diverse in the tropical Indo-West Pacific but the family is well represented in temperate waters in both the northern and southern hemispheres. They are mostly free living fishes found alone or in small schools, but some form associations with invertebrates, especially in coral reefs. About 120 species are known to form such symbiotic relationships; members of the genera Amblyeleotris and Cryptocentrus, for example, cohabit in burrows with alpheid shrimps, while other species live as cleaner fish, e.g Elacatinus. They can be sequential hermaphrodites and numerous species are known to exhibit parental care.[1]
The tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi) was listed as an endangered species in 1994; it is the only species of goby in the genus Eucyclogobius. E. newberryi is native to the coastal region of California, in marshes and lagoons with brackish water, predominantly in waters where the salinity is less than 12 parts per thousand (ppt), but has been documented in waters with a salinity of 42 ppt. E. newberryi prefers water with mild temperatures (8 to 25 °C) and waters with a depth from 25 to 200 cm. These gobies often use thick patches of aquatic vegetation to hide in if threatened or disturbed. The average lifespan of E. newberryi is only one year. Spawning and reproduction is at its peak during spring and into late summer. However, in the southern region of its range where waters remain at a warmer temperature, E. newberryi will reproduce year round. The females lay between 300 and 500 eggs into a burrow dug out vertically by the male, which is 10 to 20 cm deep. Spawning locations are usually located out in the open away from any vegetation. The male then guards the eggs until they hatch, which is 9 to 11 days.
Habitat loss and modification are the main threats to E. newberryi. The brackish areas where saltwater and freshwater meet are where they live usually, such as along the coast of California; this area has been altered by development. Barriers such as dikes and levees have been built to protect residents from potential flooding, but the creation of these barriers has reduced habitat for E. newberryi. Other reasons for population declines are attributed to exotic fish and amphibians which have been introduced to the region. Many of these fish prey on E. newberryi, and others outcompete them for food and habitat. The altering of streams flow with diversions has affected the salinity of the water and changed the habitat at creek mouths where E. newberryi has historically lived. Restoration projects have been started to bring populations back to a more stable number by making more habitat available, as well as providing protective areas. Some levees have been removed and exotic species reduction programs are being initiated.[11]
The Gobiiformes /ˈɡoʊbi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an order of fish that includes the gobies and their relatives. The order, which was previously considered a suborder of Perciformes, is made up of about 2,211 species that are divided between seven families. Phylogenetic relationships of the Gobiiformes have been elucidated using molecular data. Gobiiforms are primarily small species that live in marine water, but roughly 10% of these species inhabit fresh water. This order is composed chiefly of benthic or burrowing species; like many other benthic fishes, most gobiiforms do not have a gas bladder or any other means of controlling their buoyancy in water, so they must spend most of their time on or near the bottom. Gobiiformes means "goby-like".
Los gobioideos (Gobioidei) son un suborden de peces dentro del orden Perciformes. Son generalmente de hábitos sedentarios y coloración de camuflaje, con ojos más o menos saltones y cuerpo alargado.
Como en la mayoría de los organismos bentónicos, los gobiiformes no tienen una vejiga de gas o vejiga de natación, lo que evita que se suspendan en la columna de agua, por lo que deben permanecer en la parte inferior. [1][2]
De acuerdo al sistema de Nelson, el suborden Gobioidei se encuentra incluido en el orden Perciformes. [3] Estudios recientes promovieron la propuesta de ascender la categoría de suborden al orden Gobiiformes .[4] Las relaciones filogenéticas de los Anabantiformes se han dilucidado utilizando datos moleculares..[5] Existen nueve familias encuadradas en este suborden:
Estudios recientes promovieron la propuesta de escindir el suborden Gobioidea en categoría de orden, el de los Gobiiformes.[6][7] Las relaciones filogenéticas de los Gobiiformes se han dilucidado utilizando datos moleculares..[8][9]
A continuación se muestran las relaciones filogenéticas del orden Gobiiformes de acuerdo a Thacker (2015):[10] En esta clasificación, Kraemeriidae, Microdesmidae y Schindleriidae se incluyen en Gobiidae. Butidae y Milyeringidae se separan de Eleotridae. |1=
Trichonotoidei GobioideiOxudercidae (Gobionellidae)
Gobiidae (incl. Kraemeriidae, Microdesmidae y Schindleriidae)
}}
Guavina
Gobio
Ptereleótrido
Típico gobio
Thackeretal
Los gobioideos (Gobioidei) son un suborden de peces dentro del orden Perciformes. Son generalmente de hábitos sedentarios y coloración de camuflaje, con ojos más o menos saltones y cuerpo alargado.
Como en la mayoría de los organismos bentónicos, los gobiiformes no tienen una vejiga de gas o vejiga de natación, lo que evita que se suspendan en la columna de agua, por lo que deben permanecer en la parte inferior.
Gobioidei arrain pertziformeen azpiordena da, tartean gobidoak dituena. Azpiordenak 2.211 espezie ditu, zazpi familiatan banaturik. Gobioidei azpiordenaren barneko harreman filogenetikoak ikertzeko datu molekularrak beharrezkoak izan ziren.[1][2] Kide gehienak itsastarrak (eta batez ere bentikoak) izanda ere, %10a ur gezakoa da. Organismo bentiko gehienek moduan, ez dute igeri-maskuririk eta itsas hondoan bizi dira.[3][4]
Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz. Gobioidei arrain pertziformeen azpiordena da, tartean gobidoak dituena. Azpiordenak 2.211 espezie ditu, zazpi familiatan banaturik. Gobioidei azpiordenaren barneko harreman filogenetikoak ikertzeko datu molekularrak beharrezkoak izan ziren. Kide gehienak itsastarrak (eta batez ere bentikoak) izanda ere, %10a ur gezakoa da. Organismo bentiko gehienek moduan, ez dute igeri-maskuririk eta itsas hondoan bizi dira.
Tokkomaiset (Gobioidei) on ahvenkalojen (Perciformes) lahkoon kuuluva kalojen alalahko.
Alalahkoon kuuluu kahdeksan heimoa.
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=171745
Tokkomaiset (Gobioidei) on ahvenkalojen (Perciformes) lahkoon kuuluva kalojen alalahko.
Les Gobioidei sont un sous-ordre de poissons osseux, dont de nombreuses espèces (notamment celles de la famille des Gobiidae) sont appelées « gobies ».
La phylogénie de ce groupe est encore peu claire, et il n'y a pas de consensus sur World Register of Marine Species.
Sous le nom vernaculaire de « gobie de la mer Rouge » il existe une quarantaine d'espèces de gobies qui vivent en symbiose avec des crevettes du genre Alpheus[3]. Parmi ceux-ci, Amblyeleotris steinitzi (Gobie commensal) qui s'associe avec la crevette Alpheus djeddensis.
Cette symbiose se présente comme suit : le gobie commence par aménager son terrier puis s'associe à la crevette, bonne excavatrice mais aveugle, qui va s'occuper de creuser le terrier, de le nettoyer et de le réaménager en permanence. Le gobie lui offre le surplus de ses aliments. La crevette grâce à ses antennes communique avec le gobie qui lui donne l'alerte ou la rassure grâce aux mouvements spécifiques de ses nageoires.
Les Gobioidei sont un sous-ordre de poissons osseux, dont de nombreuses espèces (notamment celles de la famille des Gobiidae) sont appelées « gobies ».
Gobioidei è un sottordine di Perciformes.
Gobioidei è un sottordine di Perciformes.
Gobioidei sunt subordo Perciformium, maximi marinorum piscium ordinis. Plerumque sunt sedentarii, coloribus occultationis, oculis exstantibus et corpore longiore. Subordo novem familias, praecipue Gobiidas, comprehendit.
Haec stipula ad Perciformes spectat. Amplifica, si potes! Gobioidei sunt subordo Perciformium, maximi marinorum piscium ordinis. Plerumque sunt sedentarii, coloribus occultationis, oculis exstantibus et corpore longiore. Subordo novem familias, praecipue Gobiidas, comprehendit.
Grondelachtigen (Gobioidei) vormen een onderorde van de Baarsachtigen (Perciformes).
De onderorde wordt onderverdeeld in de volgende families[1]:
Grondelachtigen (Gobioidei) vormen een onderorde van de Baarsachtigen (Perciformes).
Kutlingfisker er en undergruppe av piggfinnefisker. De fleste artene tilhører gruppen kutlinger.
Denne iktyologirelaterte artikkelen er foreløpig kort eller mangelfull, og du kan hjelpe Wikipedia ved å utvide den. Kutlingfisker er en undergruppe av piggfinnefisker. De fleste artene tilhører gruppen kutlinger.
Babkowce (Gobioidei) - podrząd ryb okoniokształtnych.
Babkowce (Gobioidei) - podrząd ryb okoniokształtnych.
Gobioideii (Gobioidei), sau gobiiformele (Gobiiformes) în clasificările mai vechi, este un subordin de pești teleosteeni din ordinul perciforme. Sunt pești de obicei mici, care se caracterizează prin înotătoarele ventrale situate jugular sub cele pectorale, foarte apropiate una de alta, putând fi chiar unite între ele, pentru a forma o ventuză.
Înotătoarea ventrală au radii intens ramificate și care adesea se reunesc cu ramificațiile radiilor înotătoarei simetrice. Înotătoarele pectorale sunt rotunjite, cu radiile ramificate. Au două înotătoare dorsale separate, dintre care prima este mai scurtă și formată din radii neramificate. A doua înotătoare dorsală și înotătoarea anală cu radii neramificate în partea anterioară. Înotătoarea caudală, de cele mai multe ori, liberă, rotunjită sau ascuțită, niciodată bifurcată sau excavată.
Capul și regiunea anterioară a corpului, de obicei, lățite și turtite dorso-ventral; regiunea posterioară este comprimată. Solzii sunt ctenoizi, mai rar cicloizi sau lipsesc cu totul. Dentiția este foarte variată. Oasele palatine sunt în formă de T. Papilele genitale sunt dezvoltate la ambele sexe; ele sunt mai mari la masculi. Mezopterigoidul este rudimentar sau lipsește. Clavicula, la adulți, absentă. Omoplatul și coracoidul sunt foarte reduse, iar razele bazale ale înotătoarelor pectorale se reazemă pe cleitru. Vezica înotătoare, la adulți, de regula lipsește.
Resturile fosile se cunosc din eocen, cretacicul superior și terțiarul inferior. Acest subordin cuprinde circa 2211 specii de specii și 270 genuri, repartizate în 9 familii și răspândite în toate mările tropicale și temperate, trăind pe fund, mai ales în apropierea coastelor; unele specii s-au adaptat la viața în ape dulci. În România, trăiește o singură familie: Gobiidae.
În România, trăiește o singură familie: Gobiidae cu 20 specii [1] [2]:
Gobioideii (Gobioidei), sau gobiiformele (Gobiiformes) în clasificările mai vechi, este un subordin de pești teleosteeni din ordinul perciforme. Sunt pești de obicei mici, care se caracterizează prin înotătoarele ventrale situate jugular sub cele pectorale, foarte apropiate una de alta, putând fi chiar unite între ele, pentru a forma o ventuză.
Înotătoarea ventrală au radii intens ramificate și care adesea se reunesc cu ramificațiile radiilor înotătoarei simetrice. Înotătoarele pectorale sunt rotunjite, cu radiile ramificate. Au două înotătoare dorsale separate, dintre care prima este mai scurtă și formată din radii neramificate. A doua înotătoare dorsală și înotătoarea anală cu radii neramificate în partea anterioară. Înotătoarea caudală, de cele mai multe ori, liberă, rotunjită sau ascuțită, niciodată bifurcată sau excavată.
Capul și regiunea anterioară a corpului, de obicei, lățite și turtite dorso-ventral; regiunea posterioară este comprimată. Solzii sunt ctenoizi, mai rar cicloizi sau lipsesc cu totul. Dentiția este foarte variată. Oasele palatine sunt în formă de T. Papilele genitale sunt dezvoltate la ambele sexe; ele sunt mai mari la masculi. Mezopterigoidul este rudimentar sau lipsește. Clavicula, la adulți, absentă. Omoplatul și coracoidul sunt foarte reduse, iar razele bazale ale înotătoarelor pectorale se reazemă pe cleitru. Vezica înotătoare, la adulți, de regula lipsește.
Resturile fosile se cunosc din eocen, cretacicul superior și terțiarul inferior. Acest subordin cuprinde circa 2211 specii de specii și 270 genuri, repartizate în 9 familii și răspândite în toate mările tropicale și temperate, trăind pe fund, mai ales în apropierea coastelor; unele specii s-au adaptat la viața în ape dulci. În România, trăiește o singură familie: Gobiidae.
Smörbultlika fiskar (Gobioidei) är en underordning i ordningen abborrartade fiskar. Arterna i djurgruppen är oftast små och lever på havets botten. Den inre systematiken av underordningen är omstridd.
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Smörbultslika fiskar.
Smörbultlika fiskar (Gobioidei) är en underordning i ordningen abborrartade fiskar. Arterna i djurgruppen är oftast små och lever på havets botten. Den inre systematiken av underordningen är omstridd.
Бичковидні (Gobioidei) — підряд Окунеподібних, найбільшого ряду риб. Характерною рисою бичковидних є будова черевних плавців, що мають промені, які направлені назовні, коротше за промені, направлені всередину. Як правило, черевні плавці сильно зближені та навіть зливаються між собою, утворюючи вирву.
Сюди відносяться, в своїй більшості, маленькі морські рибки, що живуть у прибережжі, головним чином тропіків. Більшість представників підряду водяться в прибережній зоні тропічних, частково помірних морів, невелика кількість видів — у солонуватих або прісних водах. Ряд видів пристосувались до життя в прісній воді.
Бичковидні (Gobioidei) — підряд Окунеподібних, найбільшого ряду риб. Характерною рисою бичковидних є будова черевних плавців, що мають промені, які направлені назовні, коротше за промені, направлені всередину. Як правило, черевні плавці сильно зближені та навіть зливаються між собою, утворюючи вирву.
Сюди відносяться, в своїй більшості, маленькі морські рибки, що живуть у прибережжі, головним чином тропіків. Більшість представників підряду водяться в прибережній зоні тропічних, частково помірних морів, невелика кількість видів — у солонуватих або прісних водах. Ряд видів пристосувались до життя в прісній воді.
Phân bộ Cá bống (danh pháp khoa học: Gobioidei) là một phân bộ, trước đây xếp trong bộ Cá vược - bộ cá lớn nhất trên thế giới. Tuy nhiên, một số nghiên cứu gần đây cho thấy bộ Cá vược không đơn ngành, và toàn bộ phân bộ Cá bống được tách ra để phục hồi lại thành bộ riêng là bộ Cá bống (Gobiiformes), có quan hệ họ hàng gần với bộ Kurtiformes trong cùng nhánh Gobiomorpharia[1].
Khi xếp trong bộ Cá vược, phân bộ này bao gồm 9 họ cá bống.
Khi tách ra thành bộ Cá bống, thì phân bộ Cá bống nghĩa hẹp không chứa 2 họ Eleotridae và Odontobutidae. Chúng được xếp tương ứng trong các phân bộ Eleotroidei (cá bống đen) và Odontobutoidei (cá bống tròn).
Đặc điểm sinh sống: Đa dạng, nước ngọt, nước lợ, nước mặn...
Bài viết chủ đề bộ Cá bống này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Phân bộ Cá bống (danh pháp khoa học: Gobioidei) là một phân bộ, trước đây xếp trong bộ Cá vược - bộ cá lớn nhất trên thế giới. Tuy nhiên, một số nghiên cứu gần đây cho thấy bộ Cá vược không đơn ngành, và toàn bộ phân bộ Cá bống được tách ra để phục hồi lại thành bộ riêng là bộ Cá bống (Gobiiformes), có quan hệ họ hàng gần với bộ Kurtiformes trong cùng nhánh Gobiomorpharia.
Gobioidei
Бычковидные (лат. Gobioidei) — подотряд лучепёрых рыб крупнейшего отряда окунеобразных. Насчитывает около 2500 видов.
Чаще это маленькие морские донные или придонные рыбы. Самые маленькие представители Pandaka pygmaea и Schindleria brevipinguis длиной около 1 см. Самый крупный представитель Oxyeleotris marmorata достигает в длину 65 см. Вид Eviota sigillata является самым короткоживущим позвоночным животным в мире, максимальный возраст которого составляет в среднем 59 дней. Почти у всех видов имеются два спинных плавника.
В подотряд включают 9 семейств[1]:
Бычковидные (лат. Gobioidei) — подотряд лучепёрых рыб крупнейшего отряда окунеобразных. Насчитывает около 2500 видов.
Чаще это маленькие морские донные или придонные рыбы. Самые маленькие представители Pandaka pygmaea и Schindleria brevipinguis длиной около 1 см. Самый крупный представитель Oxyeleotris marmorata достигает в длину 65 см. Вид Eviota sigillata является самым короткоживущим позвоночным животным в мире, максимальный возраст которого составляет в среднем 59 дней. Почти у всех видов имеются два спинных плавника.
鰕虎亞目（学名：Gobioidei）為輻鰭魚綱鰕虎目[1][2][3]（或传统分类法鱸形目[4]）的其中一個亞目。
依2016年Deepfin《硬骨鱼支序分类法》第4版，本亚目包含8科[1][3]：
这是一篇關於魚類的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
この項目では、魚のハゼについて説明しています。同名のウルシ科の落葉樹については「ハゼノキ」を、イネなどの穀物を干す設備であるハゼ（稲架）については「稲木」を、その他の語句については「ハゼ (曖昧さ回避)」をご覧ください。 
本文参照
ハゼ（鯊、沙魚 、蝦虎魚）は、条鰭綱スズキ目ハゼ亜目（Gobioidei）に分類される魚の総称。現代中国語で「鯊」という漢字はサメ「鮫」類を表す。
2100種類以上が全世界の淡水域、汽水域、浅い海水域のあらゆる環境に生息し、もっとも繁栄している魚のひとつである。都市部の河川や海岸にも多く、多くの人々にとって身近な魚に挙げられる。
成体の体長は1cm足らずのゴマハゼから、50cmを超えるハゼクチまで種類によって差があるが、よく見られるヨシノボリ、アゴハゼ、マハゼなどはいずれも5-15cmほどの小魚である。なお、ゴマハゼの仲間は、日本最小の脊椎動物である。
体の断面はまんじゅう形か円形で、水底に接して生活する底生魚が多い。ひれは体に対して大きめなこと、背びれが2つあること、2つの腹びれが融合して吸盤状になっていることなどが特徴である。この腹びれで水底や壁に貼りつくことができ、水の流れが速い環境でも水に流されず生息できる。ただし背びれが1つしかないミミズハゼやシロウオ、腹びれが吸盤状でないドンコやカワアナゴなどもいる。
速く泳ぐ時は他の魚のように尾びれを振って泳ぐが、普通はおもに胸びれを大きくはばたかせることで泳ぐ。長い距離を持続的に泳ぐことは苦手で、短い距離をサッと泳ぐことの繰り返しで移動する。ただし水の中層でホバリングするように泳ぐキヌバリ、ウキゴリ、ドロメ、シロウオなどもいる。またトビハゼやムツゴロウは水中を泳ぐことは少なく、胸びれを使って干潟の上を這って生活する特殊な魚である。
運動能力の低い底生魚ゆえ、体色は砂底や岩の色に合わせた保護色となっているものが多い。ただし温暖な海にはキヌバリ、イトヒキハゼ、ハタタテハゼなど派手な体色をもったハゼも生息する。シロウオなど透明な体色のものもいる。
スジハゼ、イトヒキハゼ、ネジリンボウなど、砂泥底に生息するハゼは、テッポウエビ類の巣穴に同居し、共生することが知られている。テッポウエビは巣穴の改修と拡張を行い、ハゼは外敵が接近した時に視力の悪いテッポウエビ類に代わって外敵をいち早く発見し、テッポウエビに知らせて共に巣穴にもぐりこむ。
繁殖期にはオスが巣穴にメスを誘い、産卵をおこなう。巣穴は自分で作ったり、エビやカニの巣穴、捨てられた空き缶など種類や環境によって様々である。産卵後はオスが卵を守る。
藻類や水底の有機物（デトリタス）を主食にするものもいるが、ほとんどのハゼは肉食で、プランクトン、多毛類、甲殻類、小魚などを大きな口で捕食する。釣り餌にも貪欲に喰らいつくので、ハゼを狙った釣りは人気がある。その一方ではいわゆる「餌獲り」や「外道」としてもなじみ深い。何にでもガツガツと飛びつく人、またはそのような行動を「ダボハゼ」と形容することがあるが、ダボハゼは特定の種類を指さず、シマハゼ、チチブ、イトヒキハゼ、ウロハゼ、または姿の似たカジカ類などを指していると思われる。
多くの種類が佃煮、唐揚げ、天ぷらなどで食用になり、ハタタテハゼやキヌバリなどの美しい種類は観賞用として飼育もされる。目にする機会も多い上に捕獲も簡単で、昔から子どもたちの水遊びのターゲットにもなってきた。なお「ハゼ」という呼称は陰茎の古称「はせ」に由来するとされる。
種類数は現在発見されているものだけで2100種類を超える。かつて1種類とされていたが種分化の研究が進み、何種類にも分けられるようになったヨシノボリ類などの例もある。未発見・未分類の種もあり、これからも種類が増えるとみられる。
なお、ツムギハゼは、ハゼの仲間で唯一、フグ毒と同じテトロドトキシンを持っている。
なおカジカ、カサゴ、ギンポ、コチなどはハゼと形態がよく似ているが、分類が異なる。
