مقالات Scarus guacamaia Cuvier 1829 - موسوعة الحياة

Biology ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive

This herbivorous fish uses its strong beak-like mouthparts to scrape algae and other plant matter from the surface of the coral (4). This maintains the health of the reef by keeping algae in check, which could otherwise overwhelm the delicate reef ecosystem (5). An unusual feature of parrotfishes is that they are able to change sex, with females becoming fully functional males (4). In a population, rainbow parrotfish start off as either females or males (known as primary males). Females may at some point in their life become male (secondary males). Populations that have these two types of males are called 'diandrous', meaning 'two-males' (4). A terminal phase male defends a territory and a harem of females. If the male should die, the most dominant female will become the dominant male, her ovaries becoming functional male testes (4).

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Conservation ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive

It is clear that the habitat of this spectacular parrotfish, classified as globally Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List, is facing a huge range of threats. A number of reef reserves have been established in which fishing and other human pressures are prevented (5). The current rate of mangrove removal is a great threat to the survival of this and many other reef species (3). Hopefully, now that the importance of mangroves to reef communities has been recognised, steps can be taken to try to limit their hitherto wanton destruction.

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Description ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive

The rainbow parrotfish is the largest herbivorous fish in the Atlantic (3), with males growing to lengths of 1.2 metres (2). As the name suggests, they are attractively coloured fish with deep green bodies. The fins are orange with streaks of green extending outwards towards the back and tail (2). There are two forms of males; 'initial phase' males are drab in colour and similar in appearance to females, whereas 'terminal phase' males are brightly coloured (4). Parrotfish are so-called because of their unusual mouthparts. The teeth are fused to form a tough parrot-like beak which is used to scrape algae and other organic matter from the surface of coral (4).

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Habitat ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive

Associated with coral reefs at depths of 3 to 25 metres (2). At night, rainbow parrotfish retreat into crevices (2). Juveniles tend to occur in mangroves adjacent to the reef. The mangroves act as important nursery areas and provide food-rich and predator free safe-havens for the growing young (3).

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Range ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive

This fish occurs in the western Atlantic, from Florida, Bermuda and the Bahamas to Argentina (2).

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Status ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive

Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).

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Threats ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Arkive

In areas where adult coral reef habitat is connected to mangrove nursery habitat, removal of the mangroves has resulted in the local extinction of rainbow parrotfish (3). The current rate of destruction of mangroves, which is greater than that of tropical rainforest, will have a serious effect on adjacent reef communities (3). There are also known cases of deaths caused by poisoning (2). Further threats facing reef ecosystems include pollution, global warming, over-fishing and coastal development (5).

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Trophic Strategy ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fishbase

Inhabits reef areas. Is known to have a cave where it retires at night or it retreats to when endangered. Juveniles usually occur in mangrove areas (Ref. 3802).

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Recorder: Pascualita Sa-a

النص الأصلي: زيارة المصدر
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Morphology ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fishbase

Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9

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Recorder: Cristina V. Garilao

النص الأصلي: زيارة المصدر
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Life Cycle ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fishbase

Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).

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Recorder: Armi G. Torres

النص الأصلي: زيارة المصدر
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Diagnostic Description ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fishbase

Fins dull orange with tongues of green extending into the dorsal and anal; margins of median fins blue; dental plates blue-green. There appears to be no obvious difference in color with sex (Ref. 13442).

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Recorder: Cristina V. Garilao

النص الأصلي: زيارة المصدر
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Biology ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fishbase

Inhabits coral reefs. Young are commonly found in mangrove areas. Feeds mainly on benthic algae (Ref. 3802). Known to have a home cave to which it retires at night or when danger threatens; makes use of the sun as an aid to locating the cave.

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Recorder: Susan M. Luna

النص الأصلي: زيارة المصدر
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Importance ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fishbase

fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family

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Recorder: Susan M. Luna

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Comprehensive Description ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

Scarus guacamaia Cuvier

Scarus guacamaia Cuvier, 1829, p. 265.—Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839, p. 178.—Schultz, 1958, p. 104, fig. 27, pl. 20D.—Bauchot and Guibè, 1960, p. 294 [holotype no. 1734 in Paris Museum].—Winn, Salmon, and Roberts, 1962, p. 180 [behavior].—Randall, 1963, pp. 230, 234, fig. 2–3.—Cervigon, 1966, p. 630, fig. 271.—Stark and Davis, 1966, p. 338 [night habits].

Scarus turchesius Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839, p. 181.—Bauchot and Guibè, 1960, p. 298 [holotype no. 2460 in Paris Museum].

Characterized by having 6 median predorsal scales, 3 rows of scales on cheek, usually 1, more frequently 2 in ventral row; ii,14 pectoral fin rays; lips not covering green teeth of adults; canines present at corner of mouth but fewer than for coelestinus.

Coloration of large adults orange and green and on largest adults green becoming progressively restricted to caudal peduncle, and on body at base of anal and dorsal fins. Smaller fish having scales with green centers and borders orange; scaled part of head bright orange, with green streaks around eye, largest one to snout tip; unsealed part and thorax of dull orange; fins dull orange, with margins blue.

RANGE.—Central and western Atlantic Ocean.

Scarus vetula Bloch and Schneider

Scarus vetula Bloch and Schneider, 1801, p. 289.—Winn and Bardach, 1957, p. 885.—Schultz, 1958, p. 103, fig. 26, pl. 20C—Winn and Bardach, 1960, pp. 29–34, pl. 1.—Cervigon, 1966, p. 628.—Stark and Davis, 1966, p. 337 [night habits].

Scarus quadrispinosus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839, p. 197.—Bauchot and Guibè, 1960, p. 296 [holotype no. 2467 in Paris Musuem].

Characterized by having 7 median predorsal scales, 4 rows of scales on cheek, with 3 or 4 scales in ventral row (4th); ii,12, occasionally ii,13 pectoral rays; lips not covering teeth; canine teeth occuring at corner of mouth of adults.

Coloration of head and body of small specimens and females brown above mid-lengthwise axis of body, with pale streak just below lateral line; area below eye pale, then extending as pale streak along side of body.

Those slightly longer than 180 mm in standard length have a broad pale band posteriorly on the sides below which is a brown streak.

Mature males grayish with distal half of anal green, basal half pink; dorsal fin similar; middle rays of caudal fin green, upper and lower margins of caudal fin pink; pectoral and pelvics pink, lower lip with narrow pink edge, submarginally green streak extending to below eye, then pink; broad green band across ventral part of head.

RANGE.—Central and western Atlantic Ocean.

Scarus coelestinus Cuvier and Valenciennes

Scarus coelestinus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839, p. 180.—Schultz, 1958, p. 105, pl. 21B.—Bauchot and Guibè, 1960, p. 293 [holotype no. 2459 in the Paris Museum].—Winn, Salmon, and Roberts, 1962, p. 180 [behavior].—Randall, 1963, pp. 230–234, figs. 2–3.—Cervigon, 1966, p. 629, fig. 270.—Stark and Davis, 1966, p. 338 [night habits].

See Schultz (1958, p. 105) for other synonyms.

Characterized by having 5 or 6 median predorsal scales; 3 rows of scales on cheek, with usually 1, occasionally 2, in ventral row; ii,13 or ii,14 pectoral fin rays; canines present in adults at corner of mouth; lips not covering blue-green teeth of adults.

Coloration of adults: edges of scales blackish, centers bright blue; scaled portion of head blackish except for blue band across interorbital and blue centers to median predorsal scales; cheek (except for scales), chin, and region of snout adjacent to mouth bright blue except for blackish area at rictus and dark cross band on chin; fins bluish black with bright blue margins of dorsal and anal.

RANGE—Central and western Atlantic Ocean.

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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي: Schultz, Leonard P. 1969. "The taxonomic status of the controversial genera and species of parrotfishes with a descriptive list (family Scardiae)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-49. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.17

النص الأصلي: زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

Scarus guacamaia ( الكتالونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CA

Scarus guacamaia és una espècie de peix de la família dels escàrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Morfologia

Els mascles poden assolir els 120 cm de longitud total i els 20 kg de pes.^[3]

Alimentació

Menja les algues que cobreixen el corall i el fons dels esculls de corall.^[4]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba des de Bermuda, Florida (Estats Units) i les Bahames fins a l'Argentina. Absent del nord del Golf de Mèxic.^[3]

Referències

↑ Forsskål, Peter: Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descr. Animalium . 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164. Any 1775.
↑ BioLib
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 FishBase (anglès)
↑ Monterey Bay Aquarium (anglès)

Bibliografia

Cuvier, G. 1829. Le Règne Animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Edition 2. Règne Animal (ed. 2) v. 2: i-xv + 1-406.
Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J., Arias-González, J.E., Lindeman, K.C., Blackwell, P.G., Gall, A., Gorczynska, M.I., Harborne, A.R., Pescod, C.L., Renken, H., Wabnitz, C.C.C. i Llewellyn, G. (2004) Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature, 427: 533 - 536.
Parenti, P. i J.E. Randall, 2000. An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. (68):1-97.
Streelman, J.T., Alfaro, M., Westneat, M.W., Bellwood, D.R. i Karls, S.A. (2002) Evolutionary history of the parrotfishes: biogeography, ecomorphology, and comparative diversity. Evolution, 56 (5): 961 - 971.
Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.

Enllaços externs

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Scarus guacamaia

ITIS (anglès)
AQUATAB.NET
ARKive (anglès)

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النص الأصلي: زيارة المصدر
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Scarus guacamaia: Brief Summary ( الكتالونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CA

Scarus guacamaia és una espècie de peix de la família dels escàrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

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النص الأصلي: زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك: wikipedia CA

Гуакамайя ( القيرغستانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

Гуакамайя.

Гуакамайя (лат. Scarus guacamaia) — тотубалыктардын бир түрү.

Колдонулган адабияттар

А. А. Алдашев. Биология терминдеринин жана айбанат аттарынын орусча-кыргызча сөздүгү. - Бишкек, 1998. ISBN 9967-11-027-9

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Rainbow parrotfish ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

The rainbow parrotfish (Scarus guacamaia) is a species of fish in the family Scaridae.

Description

S. guacamaia is among the largest members of its family, and the largest in the Atlantic, reaching 1.2 m (3.9 ft) in length, 20 kg in weight and a maximum age of 16 years. It has a greenish-brown overall colouration; the fins are dull orange with tongues of green. Its dental plates are blue-green. Sexes appear alike.^[2]

Distribution and habitat

The rainbow parrotfish has a relatively wide distribution in the western Atlantic, and can be found from Bermuda through South Florida, the Bahamas and the Caribbean to Venezuela. It inhabits coral reefs, mangroves and sea grass beds in shallow waters, at depths of 3–25 m.^[1]^[2]

Ecology

S. guacamaia is primarily a detritivore, feeding on detritus, bacterial colonies and meiofauna but also taking sponges. Young fish appear to recruit mostly to mangroves.^[1]

Conservation

S. guacamaia was formerly classified as vulnerable due to overfishing and habitat loss, but because the presently available data do not allow an estimate of the population decline, it is now considered near threatened by the IUCN. It is relatively rare in most of its range, but more common in Bermuda. The rainbow parrotfish is widely harvested in subsistence fisheries in many parts of the Caribbean.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Choat, J.H.; Feitosa, C.; Ferreira, C.E.; Gaspar, A.L.; Padovani-Ferreira, B.; Rocha, L.A. (2012). "Scarus guacamaia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T19950A17627624. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19950A17627624.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Scarus guacamaia" in FishBase. December 2019 version.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_parrotfish&oldid=1055746752"

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Rainbow parrotfish: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

The rainbow parrotfish (Scarus guacamaia) is a species of fish in the family Scaridae.

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Scarus guacamaia ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

Scarus guacamaia es una especie de peces de la familia Scaridae en el orden de los Perciformes.

Índice

1 Morfología
2 Alimentación
3 Distribución geográfica
4 Referencias
5 Bibliografía
6 Enlaces externos

Morfología

Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 120 cm de longitud total y los 20 kg de peso.^[3]

Alimentación

Come las algas que cubren el coral y el fondo de los arrecifes de coral.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra desde Bermuda, Florida (Estados Unidos) y Bahamas hasta Argentina. Ausente del norte del golfo de México.

Referencias

↑ Choat, J.H., Feitosa, C., Ferreira, C.E., Gaspar, A.L., Padovani-Ferreira, B. & Rocha, L.A. (2012). «Scarus guacamaia». IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) 2012: e.T19950A17627624. Consultado el 28 de abril de 2016.
↑ Cuvier, G. 1829. Le Règne Animal (ed. 2) v. 2: i-xv + 1-406. Distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Edition 2.
↑ FishBase (en inglés)

Bibliografía

Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos, 1997.
Hoese, D.F. 1986. A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

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Scarus guacamaia: Brief Summary ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

Scarus guacamaia es una especie de peces de la familia Scaridae en el orden de los Perciformes.

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حقوق النشر: Autores y editores de Wikipedia

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موقع الشريك: wikipedia ES

Scarus guacamaia ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU

Scarus guacamaia Scarus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scaridae familian sailkatzen da.

Eduki-taula

1 Banaketa
2 Erreferentziak
3 Kanpo loturak
4 Ikus, gainera

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

↑ Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Scarus guacamaia FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

FishBase.org

Ikus, gainera

Scarus
Scaridae

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});

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Scarus guacamaia: Brief Summary ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU

Scarus guacamaia Scarus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scaridae familian sailkatzen da.

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Scarus guacamaia ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

Vissen

Scarus guacamaia is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van papegaaivissen (Scaridae).^[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1829 door Cuvier.

De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als Gevoelig, beoordelingsjaar 2012.^[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

↑ ^a ^b (en) Scarus guacamaia op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
↑ (en) Scarus guacamaia. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.

Geplaatst op:
22-10-2011

Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen.

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Scarus guacamaia ( البرتغالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia PT

Scarus guacamaia é uma espécie de peixe da família Scaridae.

Distribuição geográfica

Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países e territórios: Anguila, Antiga e Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermudas, Brasil, Colômbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçau, Dominica, Estados Unidos, Granada, Guadalupe, Guatemala, Guiana, Guiana Francesa, Haiti, Honduras, Ilhas Caimã, Ilha de São Martinho, Ilhas Virgens Britânicas, Ilhas Virgens Americanas, Jamaica, Martinica, México, Monserrate, Nicarágua, Países Baixos Caribenhos, Panamá, Porto Rico, República Dominicana, Santa Lúcia, São Bartolomeu, São Cristóvão e Neves, São Vicente e Granadinas, Suriname, Trindade e Tobago, Turcas e Caicos e na Venezuela.

Referências

(em inglês) Roberts, C. 1996. Scarus guacamaia. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Dados de 5 de Agosto de 2007.

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Scarus guacamaia: Brief Summary ( البرتغالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia PT

Scarus guacamaia é uma espécie de peixe da família Scaridae.

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النص الأصلي: زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك: wikipedia PT

Scarus guacamaia ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

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Scarus guacamaia là một loài cá thuộc họ Scaridae. Nó được tìm thấy ở Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bonaire, Brasil, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Cộng hòa Dominica, Ai Cập Guyane thuộc Pháp, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, México, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Ả Rập Xê Út Suriname, Trinidad và Tobago, Quần đảo Turks và Caicos, Hoa Kỳ, Venezuela, quần đảo Virgin thuộc Anh, và quần đảo Virgin Hoa Kỳ.

Mục lục

1 Hình ảnh
2 Nguồn
3 Chú thích
4 Tham khảo

Hình ảnh

Nguồn

Roberts, C. 1996. Scarus guacamaia. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 8 năm 2007.

Chú thích

^ Choat, J.H., Feitosa, C., Ferreira, C.E., Gaspar, A.L., Padovani-Ferreira, B. & Rocha, L.A. 2012. Scarus guacamaia. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on ngày 27 tháng 10 năm 2012.