سلطعوناوات عنكبوتية

The Majoidea are a superfamily of crabs which includes the various spider crabs.

Taxonomy

In "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" De Grave and colleagues divided Majoidea into six families:^[1]

• Family Epialtidae
  • Subfamily Epialtinae
  • Subfamily Pisinae
  • Subfamily Pliosomatinae
  • Subfamily Tychiinae
• Family Hymenosomatidae
• Family Inachidae
• Family Inachoididae
• Family Majidae
  • Subfamily Eurynolambrinae
  • Subfamily Majinae
  • Subfamily Micromaiinae
  • Subfamily Mithracinae
  • Subfamily Planoterginae
• Family Oregoniidae

The classification has since been revised, with subfamilies Epialtinae and Mithracinae being elevated to families and Hymenosomatidae being moved to its own superfamily. The family composition according to the World Register of Marine Species is as follows:^[2]

• family Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838
• family Inachidae MacLeay, 1838
• family Inachoididae Dana, 1851
• family Macrocheiridae Dana, 1851
• family Majidae Samouelle, 1819 – "true" spider crabs
• family Mithracidae Balss, 1929
• family Oregoniidae Garth, 1958
• family †Priscinachidae Breton, 2009

Notable species within the superfamily include:

• Japanese spider crab (Macrocheira kaempferi), the largest living species of crab, found on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
• Libinia emarginata, the portly spider crab, a species of crab found in estuarine habitats on the east coast of North America.
• Hyas, a genus of spider crabs, including the great spider crab (Hyas araneus), found in the Atlantic and the North Sea.
• Maja squinado, sometimes called the "European long leg crab or pie faced crab" because of the way its face is shaped.
• Australian majid spider crab, found off Tasmania, are known to pile up on each other, the faster-moving crabs clambering over the smaller, slower ones.^[3]

There is one fossil family, Priscinachidae, represented by a single species, Priscinachus elongatus, from the Cenomanian of France.^[4]

• 

  Hoplophrys oatesi, an Epialtidae

• 

  Limnopilos naiyanetri, a Hymenosomatidae

• 

  Macrocheira kaempferi, an Inachidae

• 

  Pyromaia cuspidata, an Inachoididae

• 

  Maja squinado, a Majidae

• 

  Hyas coarctatus, an Oregoniidae

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Majoidea&oldid=1129096052"

Los majoideos (Majoidea) son una superfamilia de cangrejos braquiuros que incluye varios "cangrejos araña".

Taxonomía

Comprende seis familias:

• Epialtidae
• Hymenosomatidae
• Inachidae
• Inachoididae
• Majidae
• Oregoniidae

Las familias Pisinae y Tychinae se consideran como subfamilias de la familia Epialtidae. La familia Mithracinae se considera una subfamilia de Majidae.

Referencias

Les Majoidea (du latin majo, « mai », nom donné par Linné en raison de leur abondance saisonnière au mois de mai^[2]), sont une super-famille de crabes. Elle comprend plusieurs familles. Selon De Grave et Dean, depuis 2009 elle n'en compte plus que six, les familles Mithracidae, Pisidae et Tychidae sont considérées respectivement comme étant les sous-familles Mithracinae, Pisinae et Tychinae de la famille des Majidae^[3].

Ce sont des crabes à grandes pattes, d'où leur nom vernaculaire d'araignées de mer par analogie avec les araignées terrestres^[4].

Liste des familles

Selon World Register of Marine Species (25 février 2015)^[5] :

• famille Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838
• famille Hymenosomatidae MacLeay, 1838
• famille Inachidae MacLeay, 1838
• famille Inachoididae Dana, 1851
• famille Majidae Samouelle, 1819 – araignées de mer proprement dites
• famille Mithracidae Balss, 1929
• famille Oregoniidae Garth, 1958
• famille Pisidae Dana, 1851

Selon De Grave et Dean^[3]:

• Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838
• Hymenosomatidae MacLeay, 1838
• Inachidae MacLeay, 1838
• Inachoididae Dana, 1851
• Majidae Samouelle, 1819
• Oregoniidae Garth, 1958

Selon ITIS (25 février 2015)^[1] :

• famille Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838
• famille Inachidae MacLeay, 1838
• famille Inachoididae Dana, 1851
• famille Majidae Samouelle, 1819
• famille Mithracidae Balss, 1929
• famille Oregoniidae Garth, 1958
• famille Pisidae Dana, 1851
• famille Tychidae Dana, 1851

• Hoplophrys oatesi, un Epialtidae

• Limnopilos naiyanetri, un Hymenosomatidae

• Macrocheira kaempferi, un Inachidae

• Pyromaia cuspidata, un Inachoididae

• Maja squinado, un Majidae

• Hyas coarctatus, un Oregoniidae

Référence du taxon

• Samouelle, 1819 : The entomologist’s useful compendium; or an introduction to the knowledge of British insects, comprising the best means of obtaining and preserving them, and a description of the apparatus generally used; together with the genera of Linné, and the modern method of arranging the classes Crustacea, Myriapoda, Spiders, Mites and Insects, from their affinities and structure, according to the views of Dr. Leach. Also an explanation of the terms used in entomology; a calendar of the times of appearance and usual situations of near 3,000 species of British insects; with instructions for collecting and fitting up objects for the microscope. London. p. 1-496 (texte original).

Notes et références

• Ng, Guinot & Davie, 2008 : Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement, n. 17, p. 1–286.

Voir aussi

Références taxinomiques

• (en) Référence World Register of Marine Species : taxon Majoidea Samouelle, 1819 (+ liste familles + liste genres)
• (en) Référence Paleobiology Database : Majoidea Samouelle 1819
• (fr+en) Référence ITIS : Majoidea Samouelle, 1819
• (en) Référence Animal Diversity Web : Majoidea
• (en) Référence uBio : Majoidea Samoulle, 1819
• (en) Référence Catalogue of Life : Majoidea Samouelle, 1819 (consulté le 7 septembre 2021)
• (en) Référence NCBI : Majoidea (taxons inclus)

Portán a ghluaiseann go mall, le colainn bheag chaol is cosa fada, chomh fada le 4 m i gcineálacha fathacha. An cholainn is na scribirlíní go minic clúdaithe le feamainn, spúinsí nó polaipí mar dhuaithníocht.

Tá an t-alt seo bunaithe ar ábhar as Fréamh an Eolais, ciclipéid eolaíochta agus teicneolaíochta leis an Ollamh Matthew Hussey, foilsithe ag Coiscéim sa bhliain 2011. Tá comhluadar na Vicipéide go mór faoi chomaoin acu beirt as ucht cead a thabhairt an t-ábhar ón leabhar a roinnt linn go léir. Is síol é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.

Majoidea Samouelle, 1819 è una superfamiglia di granchi.

Tassonomia

In questa superfamiglia sono riconosciute 7 famiglie^[1]:

• Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838
• Hymenosomatidae MacLeay, 1838
• Inachidae MacLeay, 1838
• Inachoididae Dana, 1851
• Majidae Samouelle, 1819
• Mithracidae MacLeay, 1838
• Oregoniidae Garth, 1958

Note

Bibliografia

• (EN) Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis, An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF), in Science Series (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County), vol. 39, 2001. URL consultato il 10 dicembre 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 29 dicembre 2009).

Majoidea is een superfamilie van krabben en omvat de volgende families: ^[2]

Families

• Epialtidae (MacLeay, 1838)
• Inachidae (MacLeay, 1838)
• Inachoididae (Dana, 1851)
• Majidae (Samouelle, 1819)
• Mithracidae MacLeay, 1838
• Oregoniidae (Garth, 1958)

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

Majoidea é uma superfamília de caranguejos que inclui as espécies conhecidas pelo nome comum de caranguejos-aranha. O grupo compreende 5-6 famílias extantes,^[1] e cerca de 185 espécies validamente descritas.^[2]

Taxonomia

A superfamília Majoidea inclui as seguintes famílias:^[1]

• Epialtidae
• Hymenosomatidae – eventualmente pertencente a outro agrupamento.^[3]
• Inachidae
• Inachoididae
• Majidae
• Oregoniidae

As famílias Pisidae e Tychidae são presentemente tratadas como subfamílias da famílias Pisinae e a antiga família Tychinae somo subfamília da família Epialtidae. A antiga família Mithracidae é actualmente considerada como a subfamília Mithracinae da família Majidae.^[1]

A informação taxonómica constante da base de dados Catalogue of Life permite construir o seguinte cladograma:^[2]

Majoidea

Epialtidae

Inachidae

Inachoididae

Majidae

Mithracidae

Oregoniidae

Pisidae

Tychidae

Esta superfamília inclui algumas espécies notáveis:

• Macrocheira kaempferi, a maior espécie de caranguejo extante conhecida, encontrado no Pacífico noroeste;
• Libinia emarginata, uma espécie de caranguejo-aranha comum em habitats estuarinos da costa leste da América do Norte;
• Hyas, um género comum de caranguejos-aranha, que inclui a espécie Hyas araneus do Atlântico Nordeste e do Mar do Norte;
• Maja squinado, a santola.

Conhece-se uma família fóssil, Priscinachidae, representada por uma única espécie, Priscinachus elongatus, do Cenomaniano da França.^[4]

Notas

Majoidea çeşitli örümcek yengeci türünü içeren yengeç üst familyasıdır.

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蜘蛛蟹總科（學名：Majoidea）是甲殼亞門十足目的一個總科，包括多個俗稱為「蜘蛛蟹」的物種。本總科的物種體型較厚實而圓，足細長，行動遲緩。多數食腐肉。

分類

根據Grave (2009)年原來的文獻，蜘蛛蟹總科由五到六個科組成^[1]：

• 臥蜘蛛蟹科（Epialtidae（英语：Epialtidae））
• 膜殼蟹科（Hymenosomatidae）：有爭議，因為其形態特徵介乎蜘蛛蟹總科和關公蟹總科兩個物種之間。可能會被劃歸其他總科（例如：關公蟹總科）^[2]。WoRMS於2016年將這個科獨立出來，成立膜殼蟹總科^[3]。
• 尖頭蟹科（Inachidae）
• Inachoididae（英语：Inachoididae）
• 蜘蛛蟹科（Majidae）
• 突眼蟹科（Oregoniidae（英语：Oregoniidae））

豆眼蟹科（Pisidae（英语：Pisidae））和 Tychidae被分類到臥蜘蛛蟹科之下，成為了豆眼蟹亚科（Pisinae（英语：Pisinae））和Tychinae；而宝石蟹科（Mithracidae）則被分類到蜘蛛蟹科之下，成為了宝石蟹亚科（Mithracinae）^[1]。

而根據世界海洋物种目录（WoRMS），其分類如下：

• 臥蜘蛛蟹科（Epialtidae（英语：Epialtidae） MacLeay, 1838）
• 尖頭蟹科（Inachidae MacLeay, 1838）
• family Inachoididae（英语：Inachoididae） Dana, 1851）
• 蜘蛛蟹科（Majidae Samouelle, 1819）
• 宝石蟹科（Mithracidae Balss, 1929）^[1][4]：原為蜘蛛蟹科之下的一個亞科^[5]
• 突眼蟹科（Oregoniidae（英语：Oregoniidae） Garth, 1958）
• 豆眼蟹科（Pisidae（英语：Pisidae） Dana, 1851）

另外，Priscinachidae是蜘蛛蟹總科下的一個科，只有一個Priscinachus elongatus化石物種，發現於森诺曼阶^[6]。

常見物種

在蜘蛛蟹總科比較有名的物種包括有：

• 長喙大足蟹（Macropodia rostrata）：最小物種。
• 巨螯蟹（Macrocheira kaempferi）：其兩螯伸展時兩端相距逾4公尺（13呎），是最大的節肢動物，棲息於太平洋海底。
• 日本蜘蛛蟹（Maja japonica）
• Libinia emarginata（英语：Libinia emarginata）：見於北美洲東岸的河口。
• Hyas (genus)（英语：Hyas (genus)）, a genus of spider crabs, including the great spider crab（英语：great spider crab） (Hyas araneus), found in the Atlantic and the North Sea.
• 歐洲蜘蛛蟹（Maja squinado）
• Australian majid spider crab, found off Tasmania, are known to pile up on each other, the faster-moving crabs clambering over the smaller, slower ones.^[7]
• 磯蟹（Pugettia producta）：寬約1.25公分（0.5吋），長2.5公分（1吋）；背面綠紅兩色，下面綠色。

圖庫

• Hoplophrys oatesi（英语：Hoplophrys oatesi）, a Epialtidae（英语：Epialtidae）

• Limnopilos naiyanetri, a 膜殼蟹科

• 甘氏巨螯蟹（Macrocheira kaempferi，尖頭蟹科物種）

• Pyromaia cuspidata（英语：Pyromaia cuspidata）, a Inachoididae（英语：Inachoididae）

• 歐洲蜘蛛蟹（Maja squinado，蜘蛛蟹科物種）

• Hyas coarctatus（英语：Hyas coarctatus）, a Oregoniidae（英语：Oregoniidae）

參考文獻

물맞이게상과(Majoidea)는 십각목에 속하는 갑각류 상과이다. 최근에 5개 또는 6개 과로 분류하고 있다^[1] 피사과(Pisidae)와 티케과(Tychidae)는 현재 뿔물맞이게과의 피사아과(Pisinae)와 티케아과(Tychinae)로 취급하며, 미트락스과(Mithracidae)는 물맞이게과의 미트락스아과(Mithracinae)로 간주한다.^[1] 화석으로만 발견되는 프리스키나쿠스과(Priscinachidae)는 백악기 후기 화석으로 프랑스에 발견된 화석종, 프리스키나쿠스(Priscinachus elongatus)가 대표적이다.^[2]

하위 분류

• 뿔물맞이게과 (Epialtidae)
• 말랑게과 (Hymenosomatidae) – 분류 불확실^[3]
• Inachidae
• Inachoididae
• 물맞이게과 (Majidae)
• 긴집게발게과 (Oregoniidae)

각주