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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 16.7 years (captivity)
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Biology ( الإنجليزية )

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The primarily carnivorous black marsh turtle feeds on worms, snails, slugs, shrimp, and amphibians, and also scavenges dead and decaying animals (2) (6). Occasionally, it may also consume rotten plants that have fallen into the water. Most of this food is captured and eaten underwater, but during the night the turtle may venture onto land to forage or to mate. When not feeding, the black marsh turtle spends much of the time partially buried in mud at the bottom of its aquatic habitat (6). During courtship, a male black marsh turtle pursues a female whilst bobbing its head and inflicts bites on the female's legs before mating. The nesting season, at least in Malaysia, extends from April through June, when females may lay three or four clutches, each consisting of one or two eggs. The eggs are incubated for 68 to 84 days, after which the tiny hatchlings, measuring less than five centimetres, emerge (6). Unlike the majority of turtles, the sex of hatchlings is not determined by the temperature during incubation, but is genetically determined (7).
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Conservation ( الإنجليزية )

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The black marsh turtle is listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), meaning that any international trade in this species should be carefully monitored to ensure it is compatible with the species' survival (3). In Myanmar and Thailand the black marsh turtle is protected, and Vietnam prohibits the export of all wild animals (8), but despite this, hunting and collection still poses a threat to this species' existence and thus more effective enforcement of legislation is clearly needed. Likewise, whilst the black marsh turtle occurs in a number of protected areas, such as Cat Tien National Park in Vietnam, hunting often still occurs in these regions. In Cat Tien National Park, and other protected areas in Vietnam, a shortage of park guards and a lack of coordination between the local government and park officials in law enforcement, lessens the protection that these areas could offer the Vulnerable black marsh turtle (9).
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Description ( الإنجليزية )

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Also known as the 'smiling terrapin' due to its upwardly curved jaw line (4), the black marsh turtle is a largely aquatic turtle that has assumed religious significance and is often kept around temples in Asia (5). While most black marsh turtles are small, measuring only around 17 centimetres, some individuals may be twice the size (2). It has a black upper shell, or carapace, that is strongly serrated on the back edge (6). The shell on the underside of the turtle, or plastron, is uniformly black or dark brown to yellowish-brown with dark blotches or patterns. The large and rather broad head is black to dark grey with a faded white, cream or yellow spot behind each eye. The snout is short and slightly projecting and the jaws are cream to tan in colour. The limbs, tail and thick neck of the black marsh turtle are dark grey to black. The limbs have webbed toes, adapted to an aquatic lifestyle, and the front surface of each limb is covered with large scales. Male black marsh turtles have a slightly concave plastron and thicker, longer tails than the females, which have flat plastrons. The light head spots also often fade out in males, but are retained in females (6).
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Habitat ( الإنجليزية )

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The black marsh turtle is a largely aquatic species that inhabits shallow streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, swamps and, as its name suggests, marshes. It prefers areas with slow currents, soft bottoms and abundant vegetation (2) (6).
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Range ( الإنجليزية )

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Occurs in Southeast Asia (2), from southern Vietnam, westward through Thailand to Myanmar, and southward through Malaysia to Sumatra, Java and Borneo (6).
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Status ( الإنجليزية )

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Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1), and listed on Appendix II of CITES (3).
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Threats ( الإنجليزية )

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The main threat to this freshwater turtle species is capture for local and international trade (8), as pond turtles are widely eaten throughout its range (2). In Cambodia and Vietnam the black marsh turtle is considered Endangered due to the high levels of exploitation (1). Turtle populations have been heavily exploited in Vietnam since 1989, and hunting and collecting pressure impacts populations even within so-called protected areas (9). Compounding the impact of exploitation is the almost ubiquitous threat of habitat loss and degradation (1). Fishing may also impact populations of the black marsh turtle, either through reducing food availability for this carnivorous species, or through the use of electric fishing devices which harms turtles and other aquatic species in the vicinity (9).
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Distribution ( الإنجليزية )

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Continent: Asia
Distribution: S Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand (incl. Phuket), Myanmar (= Burma) (Tenasserim), Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo), Singapore
Type locality: "Sumatra".
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Black marsh turtle ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Siebenrockiella crassicollis (commonly known as black marsh turtle, smiling terrapin, and Siamese temple turtle, among others) is a freshwater turtle endemic to Southeast Asia. It is one of two species classified under the genus Siebenrockiella in the family Geoemydidae.

Black marsh turtles are small to medium-sized turtles that are almost completely black except for white to yellow markings on the head. They are largely aquatic and prefer slow-moving or still bodies of water with heavy vegetation. Black marsh turtles are also commonly kept as pets and as sacred animals in Southeast Asian Buddhist temples.

They are classified as endangered by the IUCN, being one of the several Southeast Asian turtle species heavily exploited for the international wildlife trade, particularly for food and traditional medicine in the Chinese markets.

Taxonomy and nomenclature

Formerly under the genus Emys, black marsh turtles are now classified under Siebenrockiella. They were first described by the British zoologist John Edward Gray from three specimens from the collections of Thomas Bell.[6] Black marsh turtles used to be monotypic within the genus Siebenrockiella until Diesmos et al. (2005) showed based on genetic studies and morphology, that the recently rediscovered and critically endangered Philippine forest turtles, until that time known as Heosemys leytensis, were actually very closely related. Philippine forest turtles were subsequently reassigned to Siebenrockiella under the subgenus Panyaenemys.[7]

They are classified under the subfamily Geoemydinae under the family Geoemydidae. Black marsh turtles are cryptodires, having the ability to pull their heads straight back into the shells; instead of folding their necks sideways along the body like in pleurodiran turtles.

The specific epithet "crassicollis" comes from Latin crassus ("thick") and collum ("neck"). The generic name was coined in honor of the Austrian zoologist Friedrich Siebenrock.[8]

Siebenrockiella crassicollis are known by a variety of vernacular names among hobbyists, such as black terrapin, black mud turtle, Malaysian black mud turtle, fat-headed turtle, thick-necked turtle, and Borneo black leaf turtle. They are also known as kura-kura pipi-putih in Indonesian.[9]

Description

An adult black marsh turtle among fallen leaves and grass with its head extended
A black marsh turtle from Indonesia.
An adult black marsh turtle with its head extended and showing the curved shape of its jaws which resemble a smile.
The shape of the upper jaws of black marsh turtles is the reason for their common name 'smiling terrapin'.
An adult black marsh turtle upside down on a banana leaf and showing its lower shell
The plastron of a black marsh turtle.

Adult black marsh turtles are usually small to medium-sized, averaging at around 17 cm (6.7 in) in length and rarely exceeding 20 cm (7.9 in). Some individuals, however, are known to grow to twice this size.[10] The ovoid carapace (the dorsal shell) is widest just behind the middle portion, with a strongly serrated posterior margin. A prominent central ridge (known as keels) also runs through the middle of the carapace. Two lateral keels are present as well, though they are not always visible. The carapace is almost entirely black or dark brown with black radiating patterns.[10]

The plastron (the ventral shell) is not hinged and has a shallow U-shaped notch in the pair of anal scutes. The bridge (the parts connecting the abdominal and pectoral scutes of the plastron to the carapace) is approximately the same length as the rear part of the plastron (consisting of the femoral and anal scutes). Both the bridge and the plastron can be entirely black, dark brown, or yellowish with splotches or patterns of darker colors.[11]

The forelimbs are covered with large transverse scales. Both the forelimbs and the hind limbs are webbed, reflecting their largely aquatic habits. The necks of black marsh turtles are characteristically thick, forming a collar around the head when it is retracted into the shell. All of the limbs, the tail, and the neck are dark gray to black. The head is broad with a short upwardly pointed snout. It is mostly black on top with cream to yellow markings around the eyes and at the throat. It also has a pair of pale white to yellow spots just behind the tympanum, usually hidden behind the folds of the neck.[12] The powerful jaws are pale yellow to pale brown in color and curves upwards, earning it the charming name of 'smiling terrapin'.[13]

Black marsh turtles are sexually dimorphic. Males have concave plastra in contrast to the flat plastron of females.[11] The markings around the eyes and throat, present in all juveniles, disappear among males upon reaching adulthood while they are retained in females. The tails are also longer and thicker for males than for females.[4]

Black marsh turtles have a diploid karyotype of 52 chromosomes.[10] They are also notable for being the first turtle shown to exhibit an XX/XY system of chromosomal sex determination, specifically with macrochromosomes.[14][15] Very rare in turtles where the gender of developing embryos are usually determined by environmental temperatures.[16]

Distribution and habitat

Black marsh turtles can be found in southern Vietnam, Cambodia, southern Myanmar (Tenasserim), central and peninsular Thailand, eastern and western Malaysia, Singapore, and the Indonesian islands of Java, Kalimantan, and Sumatra.[3]

Black marsh turtles live in slow-moving or stagnant warm waters with abundant vegetation – usually marshes, swamps, and ponds. As their common name implies, black marsh turtles are primarily aquatic and prefer to stay buried in soft mud when not feeding.[17]

Ecology and behavior

Black marsh turtles are predominantly carnivorous and prefer to feed underwater.[17] They prey on insects, worms, molluscs, amphibians, crustaceans, and small fish, though they will occasionally scavenge rotting plants, fruits, or carcasses of larger animals that fall into the water.[10][18] Juveniles are typically more carnivorous than adults.[17]

Black marsh turtles are shy creatures. Mostly aquatic and nocturnal, they will sometimes come out to land at night to forage or mate, and occasionally during the day to bask. Majority of the time they prefer to stay underwater, partially buried in mud in shallow water or swimming near the bottom in deeper still waters.[17]

When threatened, black marsh turtles excrete a foul-smelling secretion from their cloaca to ward off would-be predators.[19] Their powerful jaws are also capable of inflicting wounds if handled roughly.

Life cycle

Black marsh turtles reach sexual maturity at five years.[20] Nesting season occurs in the summer, between April and the end of June.[18] In courtship, males will bob their heads up and down while chasing a female. It may bite the legs of the females several times before mating.[4] Females will lay three or four clutches. Each clutch consisting usually of one or rarely two relatively large eggs, around 5 by 3 cm (2.0 by 1.2 in) and weighing 30 g (0.066 lb).[21] The eggs are incubated for 68 to 84 days before hatching. The hatchlings are relatively large, measuring around 5 cm (2.0 in).[4]

The maximum known lifespan of black marsh turtles observed in captivity is about 60 years.[22]

Relations with humans

Black marsh turtles are culturally important to Buddhism. In Thailand, large numbers of black marsh turtles, along with the yellow-headed temple turtles (Heosemys annandalii) are released into temple and castle ponds and cared for by Buddhist monks. They are treated as sacred by the public, being believed to contain the souls of people who died while trying to rescue other people from drowning.[23][24] One of their commons names, Siamese temple turtle, originated from this practice.

In a study in 2010, black marsh turtles were among the turtles found to contain high levels of mercury in their tissues. Their consumption as food is discouraged as they have the potential to cause mercury poisoning.[25]

Black marsh turtles are now being captive bred both for conservation and for the pet trade.[26] In 2004, a black marsh turtle hatched at the Bristol Zoo Gardens. It was the first of its species to successfully hatch in a European zoo.[20] Captive bred black marsh turtles are preferable as pets, being healthier and more acclimated to handling than individuals captured from the wild and illegally exported.

Conservation

Black marsh turtles are classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.[1] They are also listed on CITES Appendix II.[27] Aside from signatories to CITES, Black marsh turtles are also specifically protected in Thailand under the Wild Animals Reservation Protection Act (WARPA).[28] General laws against the trade and/or capture of freshwater turtles or wildlife that also extend to black marsh turtles are also in place in Myanmar, Singapore, and Vietnam.[29]

Despite these sanctions, the greatest threat to black marsh turtles, along with other Southeast Asian freshwater turtles, is the rising demand for turtles for the international meat trade, particularly for the Chinese food markets.[29][30] Black marsh turtle populations in Cambodia and Vietnam are already considered endangered for this reason. The plastra of black marsh turtles are also among those sought after for traditional Chinese medicine,[31] particularly for a traditional preparation known as Kuei-Lu-Erh-Hsien-Chiao (KLEHC).[32] Thousands of individuals are often confiscated regularly in shipments.[29] Each representing just a small fraction of the actual number of wild turtles being caught and sold in the Asian markets.[20][26][33] Official records in 1999 show that around 135,000 individuals were exported within the span of 10 months in Malaysia alone. In addition to this, black marsh turtles are increasingly being threatened in its native range by habitat loss.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Horne, B.D.; Kusrini, M.D.; Hamidy, A.; Platt, K.; Guntoro, J.; Cota, M. (2021). "Siebenrockiella crassicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39616A2930856. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39616A2930856.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  3. ^ a b Rhodin, A.G.J., van Dijk, P.P, Iverson, J.B., and Shaffer, H.B. (Turtle Taxonomy Working Group).2010. "Turtles of the world, 2010 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status". In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). "Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group". Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5: 000.85–000.164, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d "Siebenrockiella crassicollis Gray 1831, Black marsh turtle". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  5. ^ Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 248. ISSN 1864-5755. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2011.
  6. ^ Nowak-Kemp, Malgosia; Fritz, Uwe (2010). "Chelonian type specimens at the Oxford University Museum" (PDF). Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 2604: 1–19. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2604.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2012.
  7. ^
  8. ^ Uetz, Peter; Hallermann, Jakob; Hosek, Jiri. "Siebenrockiella crassicollis (GRAY, 1831)". The Reptile Database. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  9. ^ Pasaribu, Julita; Ruyani, Aceng; Suhartoyo, Hery (28 February 2019). "Studi perbandingan adaptasi Kura-Kura Pipi Putih (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) jantan dan betina di area Kolam Konservasi Universitas Bengkulu". PENDIPA Journal of Science Education. 3 (1): 33–39. doi:10.33369/pendipa.3.1.33-39.
  10. ^ a b c d "Black marsh turtle (Siebenrockiella crassicollis)". ARKive: Images of Life on Earth. Archived from the original on 23 April 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  11. ^ a b Ernst, C.H.; Altenburg, R.G.M. & Barbour, R.W. "Turtles of the World: Siebenrockiella crassicollis". Nederlandse tak van de Global Biodiversity Information Facility (NLBIF). Archived from the original on 20 March 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  12. ^ "Siebenrockiella crassicollis". Asian Turtle Conservation Network. August 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  13. ^ "Turtles of SE Asia: Black Marsh Terrapin". Ecology Asia. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  14. ^ Carr J.L., Bickham J.W. (1981). "Sex chromosomes of the Asian Black Pond Turtle, Siebenrockiella crassicollis (Testudines: Emydidae)". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 31 (3): 178–183. doi:10.1159/000131644. PMID 7326996.
  15. ^ Girondot, Marc; Zaborski, Patrick; Servan, Jean; Pieau, Claude (1994). "Genetic contribution to sex determination in turtles with environmental sex determination". Genetic Research, Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 62 (2): 117–127. doi:10.1017/S0016672300032225.
  16. ^ Ewert, Michael A. & Nelson, Craig E. (1991). "Sex Determination in Turtles: Diverse Patterns and Some Possible Adaptive Values". Copeia. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. 1991 (1): 50–69. doi:10.2307/1446248. JSTOR 1446248.
  17. ^ a b c d Hopson, Mary. "Borneo Black Leaf Turtle Siebenrockiella crassicollis". The Turtle Puddle. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  18. ^ a b Franklin, Carl J. (2007). Turtles: An Extraordinary Natural History 245 Million Years in the Making. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-2981-8.
  19. ^ Gurley, Russ (2002). "Siebenrockiella crassicollis : Black Mud Turtle". Keeping and Breeding Freshwater Turtles. Living Art Pub. ISBN 978-0-9638130-3-9.
  20. ^ a b c "The first Black Marsh Turtle to hatch in a European zoo". Bristol Zoo Gardens. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  21. ^ Ernst, Carl H. & Barbour, Roger W. (1989). Turtles of the World. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-56098-212-8.
  22. ^ https://www.salamandra-journal.com/index.php/home/contents/1986-vol-22/1039-honegger-r-e/file. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. ^ "Black marsh turtle". Bristol Zoo Gardens. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  24. ^ Roth, Harald H. & Merz, Günter (1997). Wildlife resources: a global account of economic use. Springer. p. 85. ISBN 3-540-61357-9.
  25. ^ Green AD, Buhlmann KA, Hagen C, Romanek C, Gibbons JW. (2010)."Mercury contamination in turtles and implications for human health" Archived 16 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. J Environ Health 72 (10):14–22. Retrieved 1 April 2011
  26. ^ a b Hendrie, Douglas (2004). "News from around the Region" (PDF). The Asian Turtle Crisis Bulletin. The Asian Turtle Conservation Network. 1 (2). Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  27. ^ Gong, Shi-Ping; Chow, Alex T.; Fong, Jonathan J.; Shi, Hai-Tao (2009). "The chelonian trade in the largest pet market in China: scale, scope and impact on turtle conservation" (PDF). Oryx. Fauna & Flora International. 43 (2): 213–216. doi:10.1017/S0030605308000902. S2CID 86140967. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  28. ^ "Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles of Thailand" (PDF). Asian Turtle Conservation Network. 2004. Retrieved 1 April 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ^ a b c People's Republic of China and the United States of America (2004). "CITES proposal for the Inclusion of Siebenrockiella crassicollis in Appendix II in accordance with Article II 2(a) of the Convention, and satisfying Resolution Conf. 9.24, Annex 2a, Criteria A and Bi)" (PDF). Consideration of Proposals for Amendment of Appendices I and II. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Prop. 12.29. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  30. ^ McCord, William (1997). "The Asian Turtle Crisis: Species Currently Impacted by the Chinese Food Market". New York Turtle and Tortoise Society.
  31. ^ Webb, Grahame J.W.; Manolis, S. Charlie; Gray, Michelle (2008). Captive Breeding and Marketing of Turtles. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Australian Government. ISBN 978-1-74151-601-2. ISSN 1440-6845. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  32. ^ Lu, Kang-Tsu; Lo, Chi-Fang & Lin, Jer-huei (2009). "Identification of Testudinis Carapax and Cervi Cornu in Kuei-Lu-Erh-Hsien-Chiao by Nested PCR and DNA Sequencing Methods" (PDF). Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (藥物食品分析). Bureau of Food and Drug Analysis, Department of Health, Taiwan. 17 (3): 151–155.
  33. ^

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Black marsh turtle: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Siebenrockiella crassicollis (commonly known as black marsh turtle, smiling terrapin, and Siamese temple turtle, among others) is a freshwater turtle endemic to Southeast Asia. It is one of two species classified under the genus Siebenrockiella in the family Geoemydidae.

Black marsh turtles are small to medium-sized turtles that are almost completely black except for white to yellow markings on the head. They are largely aquatic and prefer slow-moving or still bodies of water with heavy vegetation. Black marsh turtles are also commonly kept as pets and as sacred animals in Southeast Asian Buddhist temples.

They are classified as endangered by the IUCN, being one of the several Southeast Asian turtle species heavily exploited for the international wildlife trade, particularly for food and traditional medicine in the Chinese markets.

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Siebenrockiella crassicollis ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Siebenrockiella crassicollis: Brief Summary ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU

Siebenrockiella crassicollis Siebenrockiella generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Geoemydidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Mustasuokilpikonna ( الفنلندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FI

Mustasuokilpikonna (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) on Kaakkois-Aasialainen kilpikonnalaji. Se voi kasvaa jopa 20 cm:n pituiseksi. Väriltään se on tummanruskea tai lähes musta.[2]

Levinneisyys ja elinympäristö

Mustasuokilpikonnaa tavataan Kaakkois-Aasian trooppisissa sademetsissä ja savanneilla. Levinneisyysalueellaan se on uhanalainen Kambodžassa ja Vietnamissa, ja vaarantunut Indonesiassa, Malesiassa ja Thaimaassa liiallisen pyydystämisen takia.[1] Kilpikonnan elinympäristöä luonnossa ovat lammikot ja kaikenlaiset virtaavat vedet.

Elintavat

Mustasuokilpikonna on aktiivinen päivisin. Sen ravinto koostuu yleensä puoliksi lihasta ja kasviksista. Laji ei vietä talvilepoa

Lähteet

  1. a b Asian Turtle Trade Working Group: Siebenrockiella crassicollis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2000. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 20.6.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Turtles of the world

Aiheesta muualla

Tämä matelijoihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Mustasuokilpikonna: Brief Summary ( الفنلندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FI

Mustasuokilpikonna (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) on Kaakkois-Aasialainen kilpikonnalaji. Se voi kasvaa jopa 20 cm:n pituiseksi. Väriltään se on tummanruskea tai lähes musta.

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Siebenrockiella crassicollis ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Siebenrockiella crassicollis, ou Emyde noire des marais, est une espèce de tortues de la famille des Geoemydidae[1].

Répartition

 src=
répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre[1] :

Sa présence est incertaine au Brunei.

Description

Ce sont des tortues de taille petite à moyenne qui sont presque entièrement noires, sauf des taches blanches à jaunes sur la tête.

 src=
Siebenrockiella crassicollis, zoo de Dusit, Bangkok

Comportement

Elles sont essentiellement aquatiques et se déplacent lentement ou restent immobiles dans les plans d'eau avec une végétation dense.

Relations avec l'homme

Ce sont également souvent des animaux de compagnie et des animaux sacrés dans les temples bouddhistes du Sud-Est asiatique.

Elles sont classées comme vulnérables par l'UICN, étant l'une des espèces de tortues d'Asie du Sud-Est les plus fortement exploitées pour le commerce international des espèces sauvages, en particulier pour l'alimentation et la médecine traditionnelle sur les marchés chinois.

Publication originale

  • Gray, 1831 "1830" : A synopsis of the species of Class Reptilia. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named, and of many before noticed, V Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London, vol. 9, Supplement, p. 1-110 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Siebenrockiella crassicollis: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Siebenrockiella crassicollis, ou Emyde noire des marais, est une espèce de tortues de la famille des Geoemydidae.

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Siebenrockiella crassicollis ( الجاليكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia gl Galician

Siebenrockiella crassicollis é unha especie de tartaruga de auga doce endémica do sueste de Asia. É unha das dúas especies clasificada baixo o xénero Siebenrockiella da familia dos xeoemídidos.

Está clasificada como vulnerable pola IUCN, sendo unha das moitas especies de tartarugas do sueste asiática que son fortemente explotadas para o comercio de vida salvaxe internacional, particularmente para medicina alimentaria e tradicional nos mercados chineses.

Notas

  1. "Siebenrockiella crassicollis". Lista Vermella de especies ameazadas. Versión 2010.4 (en inglés). Unión Internacional para a Conservación da Natureza. 2000. Consultado o 1 de abril de 2011.
  2. Rhodin, A.G.J., van Dijk, P.P, Iverson, J.B., and Shaffer, H.B. (Turtle taxonomy Working Group).2010. "Turtles of the world, 2010 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status". In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). "Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group". Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5: 000.85–000.164, doi 10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010. Consultado o 25 de marzo de 2011.
  3. "Siebenrockiella crassicollis Gray 1831, Black marsh turtle". Encyclopedia of Life. Consultado o 1 de abril de 2011.
  4. Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology 57 (2): 248. ISSN 1864-5755. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 17 de decembro de 2010. Consultado o 29 de maio de 2012.

Véxase tamén

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Siebenrockiella crassicollis: Brief Summary ( الجاليكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia gl Galician

Siebenrockiella crassicollis é unha especie de tartaruga de auga doce endémica do sueste de Asia. É unha das dúas especies clasificada baixo o xénero Siebenrockiella da familia dos xeoemídidos.

Está clasificada como vulnerable pola IUCN, sendo unha das moitas especies de tartarugas do sueste asiática que son fortemente explotadas para o comercio de vida salvaxe internacional, particularmente para medicina alimentaria e tradicional nos mercados chineses.

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Kura-kura pipi-putih ( الإندونيسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ID

Kura-kura pipi-putih (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) adalah sejenis kura-kura air tawar anggota suku Geoemydidae. Kura-kura ini banyak dipelihara sebagai hewan timangan; oleh karenanya memiliki banyak nama dalam perdagangan (Ingg.): Malaysian Black Mud Turtle, Black (Mud) Terrapin, dan juga Smiling Terrapin. Nama yang terakhir dilekatkan karena kura-kura ini memiliki bentuk tepi rahang (bibir) atas yang melengkung menyerupai senyuman.

Pengenalan

 src=
”The Smiling Terrapin”

Bertubuh relatif kecil, panjang tempurungnya mencapai 200 mm. Keping nukhal (tengkuk) sempit dan menyempit ke arah depan. Keping-keping vertebral juga sempit, sekitar 40% lebar keping kostal di tengah badan. Keping vertebral hampir sama panjangnya; yang no-1 melebar di sebelah depan, no-2 hingga 4 melebar di tengah-tengah, dan no-5 melebar di belakang. Keping kostal pertama yang paling besar, dan keempat yang paling kecil. Keping-keping marginal membentuk tepi tempurung yang rata di bagian depan, namun bergerigi di bagian belakang. Urutan panjang hubungan (yakni yang membentuk garis tengah) di antara keping-keping perisai perut adalah: abdominal> pektoral> femoral> anal> gular> humeral.[2]

 src=
Sisi bawah tubuh

Kura-kura yang berwarna hitam di bagian punggung (karapas), atas kepala, dan perut (plastron). Terdapat bercak putih atau pucat pada pipi dan di atas matanya. Garis-garis atau pola putih kekuningan terdapat di sekitar hubungan antara keping-keping perut, atau kadang kala hitam seluruhnya.[2]

Ekologi dan penyebaran

 src=
Punggung berwarna hitam merata

Kura-kura pipi-putih menyukai wilayah berair tenang seperti rawa-rawa atau sungai kecil berarus lambat. Dikenal terutama sebagai karnivor, jenis ini diketahui memangsa ikan, udang, dan aneka siput. Namun juga mau memakan buah-buahan dan dedaunan.

Kura-kura ini didapati menyebar di Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Kamboja, Malaysia, Singapura, dan Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan, dan Jawa).

Perubahan dan kehilangan habitat diduga telah mengancam kelestarian jenis ini, ditambah lagi dengan tekanan penangkapannya di alam untuk diperdagangkan. Uni Konservasi Dunia (IUCN), telah memasukkan kura-kura pipi-putih ke dalam kategori Rentan (VU, vulnerable)[3]

Catatan taksonomis

Sebelumnya, Siebenrockiella crassicollis dianggap sebagai jenis monotipik (yakni, spesies tunggal) di dalam marganya. Sampai kemudian Diesmos dkk. (2006) melalui studinya terhadap genetika dan morfologi membuktikan bahwa kura-kura filipina (Heosemys leytensis) yang telah langka, seharusnya dimasukkan ke dalam marga yang sama menjadi Siebenrockiella leytensis.

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Gray, J.E. 1831. Synopsis Reptilium or short descriptions of the species of reptiles. Part I: Cataphracta, tortoises, crocodiles, and enaliosaurians: 21. Treuttel, Wurz & Co., London.
  2. ^ a b Iskandar, D.T. 2000. Kura-kura & Buaya Indonesia & Papua Nugini, dengan catatan mengenai jenis-jenis di Asia Tenggara. Penerbit ITB dan IUCN. Hal. 130-131.
  3. ^ Asian Turtle Trade Working Group 2000. Siebenrockiella crassicollis. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Diakses pada 18 Januari 2010

Pranala luar

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Kura-kura pipi-putih: Brief Summary ( الإندونيسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ID

Kura-kura pipi-putih (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) adalah sejenis kura-kura air tawar anggota suku Geoemydidae. Kura-kura ini banyak dipelihara sebagai hewan timangan; oleh karenanya memiliki banyak nama dalam perdagangan (Ingg.): Malaysian Black Mud Turtle, Black (Mud) Terrapin, dan juga Smiling Terrapin. Nama yang terakhir dilekatkan karena kura-kura ini memiliki bentuk tepi rahang (bibir) atas yang melengkung menyerupai senyuman.

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Siebenrockiella crassicollis ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

La tartaruga delle paludi nera (Siebenrockiella crassicollis Gray, 1830) è una specie di tartaruga della famiglia dei Geoemididi[2].

Descrizione

Carapace nero seghettato sul bordo posteriore. In genere la sua lunghezza è circa di 170 mm anche se alcuni individui possono essere lunghi il doppio. Il piastrone può essere di un colore uniforme nero o marrone, oppure bruno-giallastro con macchie scure. La testa è nera o grigia scura con una macchia biancastra dietro ogni occhio. Caratteristica è la linea della mascella incurvata verso l'alto da cui deriva il nome di «tartaruga sorridente». Principalmente carnivora, si nutre di vermi, lumache, gamberi e anfibi, e di tanto in tanto, si può anche nutrire di piante cadute in acqua. La maggior parte di questo cibo viene catturato e mangiato sott'acqua, ma durante la notte la tartaruga può avventurarsi sul terreno per nutrirsi o per accoppiarsi. La nidificazione, almeno in Malesia, si estende da aprile a giugno, le femmine possono deporre tre o quattro covate, ognuna composta da una o due uova. Le uova sono incubate per 68-84 giorni. A differenza della maggior parte delle tartarughe, il sesso dei neonati non è determinato dalla temperatura durante l'incubazione, ma è determinato geneticamente[3].

Distribuzione e habitat

Distribuita nel Sud-est asiatico, in Cambogia, Indonesia (Giava, Kalimantan, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia (est, ovest), Myanmar, Singapore, Thailandia e Vietnam. È una specie in prevalenza acquatica che vive in torrenti, fiumi, stagni, laghi e, come suggerisce il nome, paludi. Predilige le zone con correnti lente, fondi morbidi e abbondante vegetazione[3].

Conservazione

Considerata in pericolo in Cambogia e Vietnam soprattutto a causa dello sfruttamento diretto, vulnerabile in Indonesia, Malesia e Thailandia sia per lo sfruttamento che per la conversione e la perdita di habitat. I dati ufficiali indicano che 135.000 animali sono stati esportati dalla Malesia, nei primi 10 mesi del 1999. Le minacce per questa specie sono la cattura per il commercio locale e internazionale e la cattura a scopi alimentari. Alcune popolazioni di tartarughe sono state pesantemente sfruttate in Vietnam dal 1989, anche all'interno di aree cosiddette protette. Ad aggravare l'impatto dello sfruttamento è la minaccia quasi onnipresente della perdita e del degrado dell'habitat. Anche la pesca può avere un impatto, sia per la riduzione della disponibilità di cibo per questa specie carnivora, che per l'uso di dispositivi elettrici di pesca[3].

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Asian Turtle Trade Working Group 2016, Siebenrockiella crassicollis, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ Siebenrockiella crassicollis, su The Reptile Database. URL consultato l'8 novembre 2016.
  3. ^ a b c Siebenrockiella crassicollis, su Turtles of the World. URL consultato l'8 novembre 2016 (archiviato dall'url originale il 9 novembre 2016).

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Siebenrockiella crassicollis: Brief Summary ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

La tartaruga delle paludi nera (Siebenrockiella crassicollis Gray, 1830) è una specie di tartaruga della famiglia dei Geoemididi.

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Kura-kura Kolam ( الملايو )

المقدمة من wikipedia MS

Siebenrockiella crassicollis (biasanya dikenali sebagai Kura-kura Kolam,[5] Kura-kura Paya Hitam, Tuntung Senyum, dan Kura-kura Kuil Siam, antara lain) adalah kura-kura air tawar endemik di Asia Tenggara. Salah satu daripada dua spesies yang dikelaskan di bawah genus Siebenrockiella dalam keluarga Geoemydidae.

Taburan

Ciri-ciri

Kura-kura Paya adalah tergolong dalam kumpulan haiwan yang dikenali sebagai kura-kura, yang merujuk secara umum kepada haiwan yang tergolong dalam golongan benda hidup, alam haiwan, bertulang belakang (vertebrata), kelas reptilia. Tubuh Kura-kura Paya dilindungi oleh kerangka khas yang terbentuk dari rusuk mereka. Kesemua kura-kura, sama ada yang masih hidup atau telahpun pupus merupakan dari susunan Chelonia, termasuk super susunan Testudines.

Makanan

Kura-kura Paya merupakan haiwan maun. Makanan utama Kura-kura Paya adalah tumbuhan.

Pembiakan

Sebagai reptilia, Kura-kura Paya membiak dengan cara bertelur di dalam sarang yang dibinanya.

Tabiat

Habitat

Kebaikan

Pengekalan

Ulasan

Rujukan

  1. ^ "Siebenrockiella crassicollis". Senarai Merah Spesies Terancam IUCN Versi 2010.4. Kesatuan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Antarabangsa. 2000. Dicapai 1 April 2011.
  2. ^
  3. ^
  4. ^ Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 248. ISSN 1864-5755. Diarkibkan daripada asal (PDF) pada 17 December 2010. Dicapai 29 May 2012.
  5. ^ UNDANG-UNDANG MALAYSIA
    Akta 686
    AKTA PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA MENGENAI SPESIES TERANCAM 2808

Pautan luar

Wikispesies mempunyai maklumat berkaitan dengan Kura-kura Kolam Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Kura-kura Kolam
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Kura-kura Kolam: Brief Summary ( الملايو )

المقدمة من wikipedia MS

Siebenrockiella crassicollis (biasanya dikenali sebagai Kura-kura Kolam, Kura-kura Paya Hitam, Tuntung Senyum, dan Kura-kura Kuil Siam, antara lain) adalah kura-kura air tawar endemik di Asia Tenggara. Salah satu daripada dua spesies yang dikelaskan di bawah genus Siebenrockiella dalam keluarga Geoemydidae.

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Zwarte dikkopschildpad ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

Herpetologie

De zwarte dikkopschildpad[1] (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) is een schildpad uit de familie Geoemydidae.[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1831 door John Edward Gray als Emys crassicollis.[3] De soort wordt tegenwoordig in het geslacht Siebenrockiella ingedeeld.

Uiterlijke kenmerken

De schildpad doet zijn naam eer aan en is meestal helemaal zwart. Zowel boven- als onderzijde en ook de huid van kop, poten en staart is pikzwart. Alleen vrouwtjes hebben soms een lichtere rand op de hoornplaten van het buikschild en beide seksen hebben een witgele rand op het buikschild, waardoor de onderzijde een gele ring heeft, die bij het vrouwtje beter is ontwikkeld. Ook hebben de dieren vaak witte vlekjes op de kop, die bij mannetjes langzaam vervagen. De maximale schildlengte is ongeveer 20 centimeter.

Verspreiding en habitat

De zwarte dikkopschildpad komt voor in Cambodja, Indonesië (op Sumatra, Java en Borneo), Myanmar, Maleisië, Singapore, Thailand en zuidelijk Vietnam. In veel streken waar de soort voorkomt, is het een algemene soort, wat waarschijnlijk te danken is aan de teruggetrokken levenswijze. De habitat bestaat uit langzaam stromende, ondiepe wateren, er is een voorkeur voor veel vegetatie en een zachte ondergrond. Veel andere eisen stelt de soort niet en hij vindt in veel wateren een geschikte habitat. Deze schildpadden worden in sommige Boeddhistische tempels gehouden, onder meer in de Kek Lok Si tempel in Air Itam in de Maleisische deelstaat Penang.[4]

Levenswijze

Het is een opmerkelijke soort waarover nog niet veel bekend is. De schildpad zont niet vaak en is waarschijnlijk deels nachtactief. Hij brengt een groot deel van het leven half ingegraven in de modder door. Het voedsel bestaat uit wormen, (naakt)slakken, amfibieën, zoetwatergarnalen en aas, zelfs rottend aas wordt gegeten. Er is ook beschreven dat rottende planten en andere plantendelen als fruit worden gegeten.

Bronvermelding

Referenties
Bronnen
  • (en) Peter Uetz & Jakob Hallermann - The Reptile Database – Siebenrockiella crassicollis - Website Geconsulteerd 3 juni 2015
  • (en) - Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G. J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer & Roger Bour - Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status - ISSN 10887105 (2014) - Website
  • (en) C.H. Ernst, R.G.M. Altenburg & R.W. Barbour - Turtles of the World - Website
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Zwarte dikkopschildpad: Brief Summary ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

De zwarte dikkopschildpad (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) is een schildpad uit de familie Geoemydidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1831 door John Edward Gray als Emys crassicollis. De soort wordt tegenwoordig in het geslacht Siebenrockiella ingedeeld.

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Svart träsksköldpadda ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV

Svart träsksköldpadda (Siebenrockiella crassicollis)[6] är en sköldpaddsart som beskrevs av Gray 1831. Svart träsksköldpadda ingår i släktet Siebenrockiella, och familjen Geoemydidae.[7][8] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[7]

Svart träsksköldpadda förekommer i södra Vietnam, Kambodja, Thailand, södra Burma (Tanintharyiregionen), Malaysia, Indonesien (Sumatra, Java och Borneo) och Singapore.

Arten är en sötvattenssköldpadda som föredrar långsamt rinnande eller stilla vatten med riklig vegetation, som i träsk och andra våtmarker och dammar. Dess huvudsakliga föda består av maskar, sniglar och snäckor, kräftdjur och groddjur, men den kan också äta växtdelar som frukt som fallit i vattnet och på as från större djur. Sköldpaddorna mäter som fullvuxna vanligen omkring 17 centimeter, men en del exemplar kan bli större.

Källor

  1. ^ [a b] 2000 Siebenrockiella crassicollis Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Tirant (1885) , Rept. Batr. Cochinchine: 41
  3. ^ Theobald,W. (1876) Descriptive catalogue of the reptiles of British India., Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta: xiii + 238 pp.
  4. ^ Blyth, EDWARD. (1855) Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known [part 2]., Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, 23 (3): 287-302 [1854]
  5. ^ Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. (1835) Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2., Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 680 p.
  6. ^ [a b] Gray, J. E. (1831) A synopsis of the species of Class Reptilia. In: Griffith, E & E. Pidgeon: The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named, and of many before noticed [Vol. 9, Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London: 481 + 110 pp.
  7. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (28 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/siebenrockiella+crassicollis/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  8. ^ TIGR Reptile Database . Uetz P. , 2007-10-02 Siebenrockiella crassicollis

Externa länkar

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Svart träsksköldpadda: Brief Summary ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV

Svart träsksköldpadda (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) är en sköldpaddsart som beskrevs av Gray 1831. Svart träsksköldpadda ingår i släktet Siebenrockiella, och familjen Geoemydidae. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar. Inga underarter finns listade.

Svart träsksköldpadda förekommer i södra Vietnam, Kambodja, Thailand, södra Burma (Tanintharyiregionen), Malaysia, Indonesien (Sumatra, Java och Borneo) och Singapore.

Arten är en sötvattenssköldpadda som föredrar långsamt rinnande eller stilla vatten med riklig vegetation, som i träsk och andra våtmarker och dammar. Dess huvudsakliga föda består av maskar, sniglar och snäckor, kräftdjur och groddjur, men den kan också äta växtdelar som frukt som fallit i vattnet och på as från större djur. Sköldpaddorna mäter som fullvuxna vanligen omkring 17 centimeter, men en del exemplar kan bli större.

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Темна черепаха товстошия ( الأوكرانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia UK

Опис

Загальна довжина карапаксу досягає 20—23 см. Голова велика і досить широка. Шия дуже товста, що дало назву цієї черепасі. Карапакс овальний, розширюється у задній частині. Має 3 дуже гладких кіля, при цьому середній менш розвинений. Пластрон широкий. Щитки на кінцівках слабо виражені.

Голова чорна або темно—сіра з 2 білими плямами за очима і світлими щелепами. Шия чорна або темно—сіра. Карапакс повністю темно—коричневий або чорний. Пластрон й перетинка чорні або темно—коричневі з жовто—коричневими плямами. Кінцівки і хвіст темно—сірі або чорні.

Спосіб життя

Полюбляє різного роду водойми з повільною течією, м'яким ґрунтом й рясною рослинністю. Харчується хробаками, креветками, земноводними, рослинністю, падлом.

Самиця з квітня по червень відкладає 1-— яйця розміром 52,1×28 мм. За сезон буває 4 кладки. За температури 28—30 °C інкубаційний період триває 68—84 діб. За температури 25 °C — 112 днів. Розмір новонароджених черепашат становить 43—46 мм при вазі 14-15 г.

Розповсюдження

Мешкає від Південного В'єтнаму на захід через Камбоджу, Таїланд до провінції Тенассерім у М'янмі та на південь через весь півострів Малакка до Яви, Суматри й Калімантан (Індонезія).

Джерела

  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp
  • Taylor, E.H. 1970. Turtles and crocodilians of Thailand and adjacent waters, with a synoptic herpetological bibliography. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 49: 87-179.
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Siebenrockiella crassicollis ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Siebenrockiella crassicollis là một loài rùa trong họ Emydidae. Loài này được Gray mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1831.[5]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Buhlmann, K., Rhodin, A. & van Dijk, P.P. (Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Red List Authority) (2000). “Siebenrockiella crassicollis”. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2010.4. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 4 năm 2011.
  2. ^ Rhodin, A.G.J., van Dijk, P.P, Iverson, J.B., and Shaffer, H.B. (Turtle taxonomy Working Group).2010. "Turtles of the world, 2010 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status". In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). "Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group". Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5: 000.85–000.164, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 3 năm 2011.
  3. ^ Siebenrockiella crassicollis Gray 1831, Black marsh turtle”. Encyclopedia of Life. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 4 năm 2011.
  4. ^ Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). “Checklist of Chelonians of the World”. Vertebrate Zoology 57 (2): 248. ISSN 18640-5755. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 17 tháng 12 năm 2010. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 5 năm 2012.
  5. ^ Siebenrockiella crassicollis”. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Siebenrockiella crassicollis tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến rùa này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Siebenrockiella crassicollis: Brief Summary ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Siebenrockiella crassicollis là một loài rùa trong họ Emydidae. Loài này được Gray mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1831.

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wikipedia VI

粗頸龜 ( الصينية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Siebenrockiella crassicollis
(Gray, 1831)

粗頸龜Siebenrockiella crassicollis),又名白頰龜,是粗頸龜屬下的一種。以往此屬內只有牠們唯一的物種,但根據基因分析及型態,巴拉望龜也被納入此屬中。[2]

粗頸龜的上顎中央稍微向下垂,彷彿在笑的樣子。牠們分佈在柬埔寨印尼緬甸新加坡泰國越南。牠們受到棲息地减少的威胁。

參考

  1. ^ (英文) Asian Turtle Trade Working Group (2000). Siebenrockiella crassicollis. 2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2009. 撷取於2009-07-02.
  2. ^ Arvin C. Diesmos1, James F. Parham, Bryan L. Stuart, Rafe M. Brown. The Phylogenetic Position of the Recently Rediscovered Philippine Forest Turtle (Bataguridae: Heosemys leytensis). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 2005, 56 (3): 31–41.
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粗頸龜: Brief Summary ( الصينية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 中文维基百科

粗頸龜(Siebenrockiella crassicollis),又名白頰龜,是粗頸龜屬下的一種。以往此屬內只有牠們唯一的物種,但根據基因分析及型態,巴拉望龜也被納入此屬中。

粗頸龜的上顎中央稍微向下垂,彷彿在笑的樣子。牠們分佈在柬埔寨印尼緬甸新加坡泰國越南。牠們受到棲息地减少的威胁。

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ホオジロクロガメ ( اليابانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 日本語
ホオジロクロガメ 保全状況評価 VULNERABLE
(IUCN Red List Ver.2.3 (1994))
Status iucn2.3 VU.svgワシントン条約附属書II類 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 爬虫綱 Reptilia : カメ目 Testudines 亜目 : 潜頸亜目 Cryptodira 上科 : リクガメ上科 Testudinoidea : イシガメ科 Geoemydidae : ホオジロクロガメ属
Siebenrockiella : ホオジロクロガメ
S. crassicollis 学名 Siebenrockiella crassicollis
(Gray, 1831) 和名 ホオジロクロガメ 英名 Black marsh turtle

ホオジロクロガメ(頬白黒亀、学名Siebenrockiella crassicollis)は、イシガメ科ホオジロクロガメ属に分類されるカメ。ホオジロクロガメ属の模式種

分布[編集]

インドネシアジャワ島スマトラ島ボルネオ島)、カンボジアタイベトナム南部、マレーシアミャンマー

形態[編集]

最大甲長23cm。オスよりもメスのほうが大型になる。背甲は扁平。椎甲板には筋状の盛り上がり(キール)がある。後部縁甲板は鋸状に尖る。背甲の色彩は黒や黒褐色一色。

頭部はやや大型。頭部の色彩は黒や黒褐色。

卵は長径が約5.2cm、短径が約2.8cm。幼体は肋甲板にもキールがあるが、成長に伴い消失する。幼体やメスの成体は眼の周囲や側頭部に白い斑紋が入り和名の由来になっている。オスの成体は眼の周囲や側頭部の斑紋が消失し、黒や黒褐色一色になる。

生態[編集]

流れの緩やかな河川湿原水田などに生息し、底質が泥で水生植物の繁茂した環境を好む。

食性は雑食で、昆虫甲殻類貝類魚類カエルやその幼生、動物の死骸、植物の茎、葉、果実などを食べる。

繁殖形態は卵生。マレーシアでは4-6月に1回に1-2個の卵を年に3-4回に分けて産む。飼育下では卵は25℃の環境で112日、27-30℃の環境で68-84日で孵化した例がある。XY型の性染色体を持ち、発生時の温度にで雌雄が決定されない(染色体性決定)。

人間との関係[編集]

生息地では食用とされることもある。

開発による生息地の破壊、食用の乱獲などにより生息数は減少している。

ペットとして飼育されることもあり、日本にも輸入されている。主に野生個体が流通する。以前は輸送状態の悪さから、飼育の非常に難しい種とされた。近年はワシントン条約に掲載されたことにより流通量が激減し、逆に輸送状態が改善されたため飼育は以前よりは易しくなった。アクアリウムアクアテラリウムで飼育される。低温に弱いため(特に幼体や体調不良の個体)水中ヒーターなどを設置し保温する。飼育下では日光浴を行うため流木やレンガ、市販の水棲カメ専用のプラスチック製の浮島などで陸地を用意し、屋内で飼育する場合は局所的で水に強い暖房器具等で皮膚や甲羅を乾かすことのできる環境を作る必要がある。飼育下では人工飼料や乾燥飼料にも餌付く。餌を食べるのが遅いため、他種と複数飼育は薦められない。協調性はよく複数飼育でも問題が起こりづらいが、発情したオスはメスを追いまわすので単独で飼育するのが望ましい。

参考文献[編集]

  • 海老沼剛 『爬虫・両生類ビジュアルガイド 水棲ガメ2 ユーラシア・オセアニア・アフリカのミズガメ』、誠文堂新光社2005年、58頁。
  • 千石正一監修 長坂拓也編著 『爬虫類・両生類800種図鑑 第3版』、ピーシーズ、2002年、199頁。
  • 安川雄一郎 「ビギナーにおすすめのカメ12種〜初心者向けとして飼育者に薦めるカメ類〜」『エクストラ・クリーパー』No.1、誠文堂新光社、2006年、109、142-143頁。
  • 安川雄一郎 「オオニオイガメ亜科の分類と自然史」『クリーパー』第42号、クリーパー社、2008年、29頁。

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキスピーシーズにホオジロクロガメに関する情報があります。

外部リンク[編集]


執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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ホオジロクロガメ: Brief Summary ( اليابانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 日本語

ホオジロクロガメ(頬白黒亀、学名:Siebenrockiella crassicollis)は、イシガメ科ホオジロクロガメ属に分類されるカメ。ホオジロクロガメ属の模式種

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