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Swims with the oral end facing forward; but is also capable of swimming backwards. The mouth opening is closed while swimming. When catching pray, the mouth becomes round and opens wide. The body contracts sharply and the prey (often as large or larger than the animal) is sucked into the stomodeum.
Can be distinguished from co-occuring species B. abyssicola by:
- more watery body substance (B. abyssicula is more solid)
- by the color of the stomodeum, which is never brightly colored in B. cucumis
-lack of diverticulae in the paragastric canals
Pan-oceanic species
Body elongate, sac-like, somewhat flattened, about 2 times longer than wide. Mouth opening is large, occupies the entire oral end of the animal. The opposite (aboral) end of the body carries the aboral organ with a mineral statolith inside. The aboral organ is surrounded by polar fields, the outer edges of which carry branching outgrowths. From the aboral organ originate 8 ciliary grooves, which reach the first combs of 8 meridional rows of combs. The combs are formed by fused cilia and serve for locomotion. Tentacles are absent. The mouth leads into a throat (stomodaeum), which leads to a funnel (infundibulum), and then into the meriodional canals, which can branch numerous times. The funnel also gives origin to 2 paragastric canals, which extend along the length of the throat almost to the mouth opening. Gonads (ovaries and seminal glands) are located along the meridional canals. Usually clear, some specimens are red in color. Feed on other ctenophores. Comb rows of juvenile stages are much shorter than of adults.
Size up to 160 mm.
Feeds on the ctenophore Bolinopsis infundibulum. Can survive long periods of starvation.
Beroe cucumis is a species of comb jelly in the family Beroidae. It is found in the Atlantic Ocean. It was first described by the Danish missionary and naturalist Otto Fabricius in 1780.[2]
Beroe cucumis has a transparent, sac-like body, often somewhat compressed, and reaches a maximum length of about 15 cm (6 in). The wide mouth is at one end. The body has eight longitudinal rows of cilia that extend from the aboral end (opposite end to the mouth), three quarters of the way along the animal. The cilia are arranged on short transverse plates and beat in synchrony to propel the animal through the water, giving a shimmering effect. The general body colour is pink, especially along the rows of cilia, and the plates are bioluminescent. There is a figure of eight shaped ring of small papillae around the aboral tip. Gastrovascular channels extend from the stomach through the body wall beneath the rows of cilia, and these have short side branches, which distinguishes Beroe cucumis from the otherwise similar Beroe gracilis. Juveniles of the two species are indistinguishable.[2][3]
Beroe cucumis is found in the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, including the Skagerrak and the Kattegat. It sometimes occurs in the Mediterranean Sea. It is a pelagic, open water species and its depth range is not known.[2]
Beroe cucumis is a predator and mostly feeds on other comb jellies, particularly Bolinopsis infundibulum; these are pulled into the large mouth and swallowed whole.[3]
The comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi is an invasive species originally native to the western Atlantic coastal waters that was introduced into the Black Sea in the 1980s, with deleterious results to the ecosystem. Since then it has spread to the Caspian Sea, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. In the Black Sea, some measure of control was achieved when another predatory comb jelly, Beroe ovata, was introduced.[4]
Mnemiopsis leidyi was first recorded in the Mediterranean Sea in 1990 and in 2009, large swarms were present in some areas. Beroe cucumis is native to the northern Atlantic Ocean and sometimes occurs in the Mediterranean Sea, and it is being monitored to see if it can provide some level of control of M. leidyi. In 2012, Beroe cucumis was found off the coast of Israel for the first time, and there is proof that it preys on M. leidyi, as an individual was found with a partially digested M. leidyi in its stomach.[4]
Beroe cucumis is a species of comb jelly in the family Beroidae. It is found in the Atlantic Ocean. It was first described by the Danish missionary and naturalist Otto Fabricius in 1780.
Beroe cucumis est une espèce de cténophore de la famille des Beroidae. Elle fut décrite pour la première fois par Otto Fabricius, naturaliste et missionnaire danois en 1780. On la retrouve principalement dans l'océan Atlantique.
Beroe cucumis a un corps transparent en forme de sac ou de vase, parfois compressé. Ce cténophore peut mesurer jusqu'à 15 cm de hauteur. Les cténidies sont de longueurs égales et se déploient sur le corps de Beroe cucumis depuis le pôle aboral (surface située à l'opposé de la bouche) jusqu'aux trois quarts de la distance vers la bouche. Ces peignes de cils battent de façon synchronisée pour propulser l'animal. Les spécimens matures sont roses et bioluminescents. On retrouve une figure en forme de 8, constituée de petites papilles autour du pôle aboral. Les canaux gastrovasculaires sont situés sous les rangées de peignes et possèdent de nombreuses anastomoses en forme de branches qui font saillie dans l'ecto-mésoderme. Cela permet de distinguer Beroe cucumis de Beroe gracilis même si les Beroe cucumis juvéniles ne peuvent être distingués de leurs homologues Beroe gracilis[1],[2].
On retrouve Beroe cucumis dans l'Atlantique Nord et dans la mer du Nord dont le Skagerrak et le Cattégat. On peut parfois en trouver en mer Méditerranée. C'est une espèce pélagique qui vit en zone bathypélagique[3].
Beroe cucumis est un prédateur et se nourrit principalement d'autres cténophores qu'il engloutit avec sa large bouche et avale en entier comme des Bolinopsidae tel que Bolinopsis infundibulum. Il mange aussi des copépodes de la famille des Calanidae tel que Calanus finmarchicus et des copépodes de la famille des Clausocalanidae et des Oithonidae.
Beroe cucumis a pour prédateur le loup de l'Atlantique, les méduses de la famille des Cyanidae tel que la méduse à crinière de lion, le sébaste du Nord et d'autres sébastes.
Croquis de Beroe cucumis qui identifie les anastomoses.
Timbre représentant un spécimen de Beroe cucumis.
Beroe cucumis est une espèce de cténophore de la famille des Beroidae. Elle fut décrite pour la première fois par Otto Fabricius, naturaliste et missionnaire danois en 1780. On la retrouve principalement dans l'océan Atlantique.
De meloenkwal of mijterkwal (Beroe cucumis) is een soort in de taxonomische indeling van de ribkwallen (Ctenophora). De kwal komt met name voor in de Atlantische Oceaan en haar randzeeën, waaronder voor de kust van België en Nederland en in de Waddenzee.
De kwal komt uit het geslacht Beroe en behoort tot de familie Beroidae. Beroe cucumis werd in 1780 voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Fabricius.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Agurkkammanet (Beroe cucumis) er ei fingerbjørgforma ribbemanet som vert 10–15 centimeter lang. Ho saknar tentaklar.
Agurkkammaneta er den einaste ribbemaneta som finst langs norskekysten som høyrer til klassen Nuda.
Agurkkammanet (Beroe cucumis) er ei fingerbjørgforma ribbemanet som vert 10–15 centimeter lang. Ho saknar tentaklar.
Agurkkammaneta er den einaste ribbemaneta som finst langs norskekysten som høyrer til klassen Nuda.
Beroe cucumis (лат.) — вид гребневиков из класса Nuda.
Длина тела до 16 см. Оно полупрозрачное, мешковидной формы. Ротовое отверстие на заднем конце. Он слегка уплощён, а передний закруглен. Вдоль тела 8 рядов гребных пластинок, переливающихся всеми цветами радуги, под которыми можно разглядеть вытянутые в длину половые железы. Окраска розовато-жёлтая, половые железы темнее, могут быть даже фиолетовыми. Между рядами гребных пластинок видна сеточка каналов кишечной полости.
Встречается от умеренных до арктических вод Атлантического и Тихого океанов. Обитает в толще воды на глубине до 100 м, часто подходит к берегам.
Beroe cucumis (лат.) — вид гребневиков из класса Nuda.
