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Neofelis ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE
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Dieser Artikel behandelt die Katzengattung; zum gleichnamigen Verlag siehe Neofelis Verlag.

Neofelis ist eine Gattung der Katzen (Felidae), die mit dem Nebelparder (Neofelis nebulosa) und dem Sunda-Nebelparder (Neofelis diardi) zwei Arten beinhaltet. Beide Arten leben in Südostasien, wobei der Nebelparder auf dem Festland von Nepal, Nordindien und China bis zur malaiischen Halbinsel und der Sunda-Nebelparder in zwei Unterarten[1] auf den Inseln Sumatra und Borneo vorkommt.

Merkmale

Die beiden Arten der Gattung Neofelis gehören zu den kleineren Arten der Großkatzen. Der Nebelparder erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 75 bis 105 Zentimeter mit einem Schwanz von 79 bis 90 Zentimetern, das Gewicht liegt im Durchschnitt bei 18 bis 22 Kilogramm.[2] Die Größe des Sunda-Nebelparders liegt in einem ähnlichen Bereich. Beide Arten besitzen eine gelb-braune bis dunkelgraue Grundfarbe, auf der sich eine auffällige Zeichnung aus großen dunkleren und teilweise schwarz umrandeten Flecken befindet.

Der Sunda-Nebelparder hat längere Eckzähne und dickere Reißzähne im Oberkiefer als der Nebelparder. Die Wolkenzeichnungen des Fells sind kleiner und dunkler und es gibt viele auffällige Flecken innerhalb der Wolkenflecken. Das Fell ist grauer, allgemein dunkler und es weist einen dunklen, durchgehenden, doppelten Aalstrich auf.

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiete des Nebelparders (grün) und des Sunda-Nebelparders (rot)

Das Verbreitungsgebiet der beiden Arten der Gattung Neofelis befindet sich in Südostasien. Dabei ist der Nebelparder auf dem südostasiatischen Festland in Teilen der Volksrepublik China, Nepal, Indien, Bangladesch, Bhutan, Kambodscha, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam und dem Festlandgebiet von Malaysia verbreitet.[3] Der Sunda-Nebelparder lebt dagegen auf den Inseln Sumatra und Borneo sowie eventuell auf einigen kleineren Inseln des malaiischen Archipels.[4]

Systematik

Die Gattung Neofelis ist eine eigenständige Gattung innerhalb der Großkatzen (Pantherinae). Sie wurde 1867 von John Edward Gray wissenschaftlich beschrieben, um den von Edward Griffith 1821 beschriebenen Nebelparder von den restlichen Großkatzen abzugrenzen. Gelegentlich wurde Neofelis als Untergattung der Eigentlichen Großkatzen (Panthera) angesehen, durch ihr verknöchertes Zungenbein unterscheidet sich die Gattung Neofelis aber von den anderen Großkatzen. Man geht entsprechend davon aus, dass Neofelis die Schwestergruppe der restlichen Großkatzen und zugleich der ursprünglichste Ast der Großkatzen ist, die sich nach aktuellem Wissensstand vor etwa sechs Millionen Jahren von den anderen Katzen getrennt haben.[5]

Bis 2006 galt der Nebelparder (Neofelis nebulosa) als einzige Art der zu den Großkatzen gehörenden Gattung Neofelis. Auf der Basis von molekulargenetischen und morphometrischen Untersuchungen wurde aber der bislang als Unterart geltende Sunda-Nebelparder (Neofelis diardi) der indonesischen Inseln Sumatra und Borneo als eigene Art eingestuft. Auf genetischer Ebene sind die beiden Formen ebenso verschieden wie die Arten der Gattung Panthera untereinander, demnach sind zwei Arten zu unterscheiden.[6][7]

 src=
Sunda-Nebelparder (Neofelis diardi) am unteren Kinabatangan auf Borneo
Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Katzen nach O’Brien & Johnson 2008.[8] Katzen
Kleinkatzen






Manul (Otocolobus manul)


Altkatzen (Prionailurus)



Altwelt-Wildkatzen (Felis)




Gepard (Acinonyx)


Pumas (Puma)




Luchse (Lynx)



Pardelkatzen (Leopardus)




Karakal (Caracal)


Serval (Leptailurus)




Pardofelis



Großkatzen

Neofelis


Panthera




Säbelzahnkatzen (Machairodontinae)



Vorlage:Klade/Wartung/Style

Belege

  1. A. Wilting, P. Christiansen, A. C. Kitchener, Y. J. M. Kemp, L. Ambu, J. Fickel: Geographical variation in and evolutionary history of the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) with the description of a new subspecies from Borneo. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2010. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.007.
  2. Katie Holmes: Neofelis nebulosa. im Animal Diversity Net.
  3. Neofelis nebulosa in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2011. Eingestellt von: J. Sanderson, J. A. Khan, L. Grassman, D.P. Mallon, 2008. Abgerufen am 17. April 2012.
  4. Neofelis diardi in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2011. Eingestellt von: A. Hearn, J. Sanderson, J. Ross, A. Wilting, S. Sunarto, 2008. Abgerufen am 17. April 2012.
  5. „Systematics“. In: M.E. Sunquist, F.C. Sunquist: Family Felidae (Cats) In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier (Hrsg.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 1: Carnivores. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2009, ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1, S. 54–58.
  6. Valerie A. Buckley-Beason, Warren E. Johnson, William G. Nash, Roscoe Stanyon, Joan C. Menninger, Carlos A. Driscoll, JoGayle Howard, Mitch Bush, John E. Page, Melody E. Roelke, Gary Stone, Paolo P. Martelli, Ci Wen, Lin Ling, Ratna K. Duraisingam, Phan V. Lam, Stephen J. O’Brien: Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards. In: Current Biology. Nr. 16, 5. Dezember 2006, S. 2371–2376.
  7. A. Kitchener u. a.: Geographical Variation in the Clouded Leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Reveals Two Species. In: Current Biology. Nr. 16, 5. Dezember 2006, S. 2377–2383.
  8. Stephen J. O’Brien, Warren E. Johnson: Der neue Stammbaum der Katzen. In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 6, 2008, S. 54–61.

Weblinks

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Neofelis: Brief Summary ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE
 src= Dieser Artikel behandelt die Katzengattung; zum gleichnamigen Verlag siehe Neofelis Verlag.

Neofelis ist eine Gattung der Katzen (Felidae), die mit dem Nebelparder (Neofelis nebulosa) und dem Sunda-Nebelparder (Neofelis diardi) zwei Arten beinhaltet. Beide Arten leben in Südostasien, wobei der Nebelparder auf dem Festland von Nepal, Nordindien und China bis zur malaiischen Halbinsel und der Sunda-Nebelparder in zwei Unterarten auf den Inseln Sumatra und Borneo vorkommt.

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Chiuⁿ-pà-sio̍k ( Nan )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

Chiuⁿ-pà-sio̍k, Latin hō-miâ Neofelis ("sin niau") sī chi̍t lūi niau-kho tōng-bu̍t, ē-té hâm nn̄g chéng, ia̍h chio̍h sī A-chiu tāi-lio̍k ê chiuⁿ-pà kap Ìn-nî ê Sunda chiuⁿ-pà (Neofelis diardi).

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Neofelis ( اللغة الفريزية الشمالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages
Amrum.pngTekst üüb Öömrang

Neofelis as en skööl faan grat kaater (Pantherinae). Diar jaft at man tau slacher faan, diar uun Süüduastaasien lewe. Jo het uk buumleopaarden.

Slacher

Spriadkoord

 src=
Leewentsrüm faan Neofelis-kaater

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Neofelis ( الألبانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

Neofelis është një gjini që përbëhet nga dy lloje në Azinë Juglindore: leopardi me re (Neofelis nebulosa) në Azinë kontinentale dhe leopardi me re i Sundës (Neofelis diardi) në Sumatra dhe Borneo.[1][2]

Emri

Emri shkencor Neofelis është një kombinim i fjalës greke "neo" (νεο) që do të thotë "e re", dhe fjala latine "felis" që do të thotë "mace", fjalë për fjalë do të thotë "mace e re".[3][4]

Taksonomia

Emri i përgjithshëm Neofelis u propozua për herë të parë nga John Edward Grey në 1867, duke përfshirë dy lloje; Neofelis macrocelis që ndodhet në Himalaje, Malacca, dhe Tajlandë, dhe Neofelis brachyurus që ndodhen në Formosa.[5] Reginald Innes Pocock njohu klasifikimin taksonik të Neofelis në vitin 1917, por pranoi vetëm speciet e vetme Neofelis nebulosa me disa nënpikta dhe macrocelis si mostër lloji. Për pothuajse 90 vjet, klasifikimi i Neofelis si një gjini monotypic ishte pranuar gjerësisht.[6] Në vitin 2006, Neofelis diardi u gjet të jetë i dallueshëm nga Neofelis nebulosa dhe klasifikohet si një specie e veçantë në botë dhe në disa vende të botës eshtë kafshë shtetërore[7]

Shiko edhe

Referimet

  1. ^ Buckley-Beason, V.A.; Johnson, W.E.; Nash, W.G.; Stanyon, R.; Menninger, J.C.; Driscoll, C.A.; Howard, J.; Bush, M.; Page, J.E.; Roelke, M.E.; Stone, G.; Martelli, P.; Wen, C.; Ling, L.; Duraisingam, R.K.; Lam, V.P.; O'Brien, S.J. (2006). "Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards". Current Biology. 16 (23): 2371–2376. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.066. 17141620. Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
  2. ^ Kitchener, A.C.; Beaumont, M.A.; Richardson, D. (2006). "Geographical Variation in the Clouded Leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Reveals Two Species". Current Biology. 16 (23): 2377–2383. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.066. 17141621. Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
  3. ^ Perseus Digital Library. Greek Dictionary νεο Headword Search Result
  4. ^ Perseus Digital Library. Latin Dictionary feles Headword Search Result
  5. ^ Gray, J.E. (1867). Notes on the skulls of the Cats. 5. Neofelis. Page 265–266 in: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1867.
  6. ^ Pocock, R. I. (1917). "The classification of existing Felidae". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, 8th ser. vol. 20 no. 119: 329–350.
  7. ^ Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). "Rendi Karnivora". përmbledhur nga Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (red.). Speciet Gjitare të Botës: Një Referim Taksonomike dhe Gjeografike (bot. 3rd)). Shtypja e Universit Xhon Hopkin. ff. 545–546. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494. Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)Mirëmbajtje CS1: është përdorur ref=harv (link)

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Neofelis ( اللغة الوسيطة (الرابطة الدولية للغات المساعدة) )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

Neofelis es un genere de Pantherinae.

Nota
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Neofelis ( الليمبرجيشية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
't Verspreijingsgebied van Neofelis: greun veur F. nebulosa en roeadbroen veur F. diardi.

Neofelis e geslech van katechtige die veurkómmen in Zuudoeas-Azië. 't Geslech ómvatj twieë saorte, wovan wuuertj aangenómme det die veur zoea ei miljoen jaor trögk oeterein zeen gegange.

Neofelis kump veur van Nepal en Sikkim in 't wèste toet Zuud-Sjina en Hainan wiejer nao 't oeaste, en zuudwers nao Burma, Annam, Maleisië, Soematra, Java en Borneo. Zie kómme veural väöl in ónaangetas troeapisch raengewaad, meh wiek owwels oet nao anger laefgebiede, wie in bus wo houtkap plaatshaet en graas- en stroeklandj. Inne heuvels vanne Himalaya vindj me ze toet op 'n huuegdje van 1.450 maeter.

De bei kattesaorte waere bedreig door óntbussing, mer ouch guldj hanjelsstruiperie es 'n bedreiging veure exemplare die in 't wildj veurkómme. Me verhanjeltj huje, klawwen en tenj es versieringen en kleier, enne knäök en 't vleis van Neofelis guldj es 'n vervanging veure tieger in traditioneel Aziatische genaeskóns. Ouch haoltj me bieëster oet 't wildj veur die te verhanjelen es heimbieëster. Veural in Indonesië, Burma en Viëtnam waere de bieëster väöl verhanjeldj.

Taxonomie

Indeiling

Neofelis wuuert wiejer es volg ingedeildj:

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Neofelis: Brief Summary ( الليمبرجيشية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages
 src= 't Verspreijingsgebied van Neofelis: greun veur F. nebulosa en roeadbroen veur F. diardi.

Neofelis e geslech van katechtige die veurkómmen in Zuudoeas-Azië. 't Geslech ómvatj twieë saorte, wovan wuuertj aangenómme det die veur zoea ei miljoen jaor trögk oeterein zeen gegange.

Neofelis kump veur van Nepal en Sikkim in 't wèste toet Zuud-Sjina en Hainan wiejer nao 't oeaste, en zuudwers nao Burma, Annam, Maleisië, Soematra, Java en Borneo. Zie kómme veural väöl in ónaangetas troeapisch raengewaad, meh wiek owwels oet nao anger laefgebiede, wie in bus wo houtkap plaatshaet en graas- en stroeklandj. Inne heuvels vanne Himalaya vindj me ze toet op 'n huuegdje van 1.450 maeter.

De bei kattesaorte waere bedreig door óntbussing, mer ouch guldj hanjelsstruiperie es 'n bedreiging veure exemplare die in 't wildj veurkómme. Me verhanjeltj huje, klawwen en tenj es versieringen en kleier, enne knäök en 't vleis van Neofelis guldj es 'n vervanging veure tieger in traditioneel Aziatische genaeskóns. Ouch haoltj me bieëster oet 't wildj veur die te verhanjelen es heimbieëster. Veural in Indonesië, Burma en Viëtnam waere de bieëster väöl verhanjeldj.

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Neofelis: Brief Summary ( اللغة الفريزية الشمالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

Neofelis as en skööl faan grat kaater (Pantherinae). Diar jaft at man tau slacher faan, diar uun Süüduastaasien lewe. Jo het uk buumleopaarden.

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Neofelis: Brief Summary ( الألبانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

Neofelis është një gjini që përbëhet nga dy lloje në Azinë Juglindore: leopardi me re (Neofelis nebulosa) në Azinë kontinentale dhe leopardi me re i Sundës (Neofelis diardi) në Sumatra dhe Borneo.

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Облачни леопарди ( المقدونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

Облачните леопарди (науч. Neofelis) се род што содржи два вида — облачниот леопард (N. nebulosa) и борнејскиот облачен леопард (N. diardi). Борнејскиот облачен леопард бил прогласен за вид од страна на биолозите во 2006 година. Претходно бил регистриран како подвид на облачниот леопард[1][2].

Родот се смета за посебен поради разликите во структурата на черепот спореден со останатите големи мачки.

Наводи

  1. Buckley-Beason, V., et al. (2006-12-05 г). Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards. „Current Biology“ том 16 (23): 2371–2376. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.066.
  2. Kitchener, A., et al. (2006-12-05 г). Geographical Variation in the Clouded Leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Reveals Two Species. „Current Biology“ том 16 (23): 2377–2383. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.066.
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Облачни леопарди: Brief Summary ( المقدونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

Облачните леопарди (науч. Neofelis) се род што содржи два вида — облачниот леопард (N. nebulosa) и борнејскиот облачен леопард (N. diardi). Борнејскиот облачен леопард бил прогласен за вид од страна на биолозите во 2006 година. Претходно бил регистриран како подвид на облачниот леопард.

Родот се смета за посебен поради разликите во структурата на черепот спореден со останатите големи мачки.

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Neofelis

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging_languages

ᎡᏆ ᏅᎩᏗᎦᏅᏌᏗ ᏪᏏ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ ᎡᎯ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏢᏓᏥ (ᎶᎻ: Neofelis).

ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ

ᏗᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ

ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᏗᏕᎬᏔᏛ

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Neofelis ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Neofelis is a genus comprising two extant cat species in Southeast Asia: the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) of mainland Asia, and the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) of Sumatra and Borneo.[2][3]

The scientific name Neofelis is a composite of the Greek word neo- (νέος-) meaning 'young' and 'new', and the Latin word fēles meaning 'cat'.[4][5]

Taxonomic history

The generic name Neofelis was first proposed by John Edward Gray in 1867 as comprising two species; Neofelis macrocelis occurring in the Himalaya, Malacca, and Thailand, and Neofelis brachyurus occurring in the former Formosa.[6] Reginald Innes Pocock recognized the taxonomic classification of Neofelis in 1917, but admitted only the single species Neofelis nebulosa with several subspecies and macrocelis as the type specimen.[7] For almost 90 years, the classification of Neofelis as a monotypic genus was widely accepted.[8] In 2006, Neofelis diardi was found to be distinct from its continental relative Neofelis nebulosa and classified as a separate species.[2][3]

Characteristics

Gray described the genus Neofelis as having an elongate skull, a broad and rather produced face on the same plane as the forehead, a large and elongate nasal, a moderate orbit, a truncated lower jaw and very long conical upper and lower canine teeth with a sharp cutting hinder edge. This skull has resemblances to that of the fossil Smilodon, with very much elongated upper canines.[6] As a result of this unusual skull anatomy, Neofelids have a maximum gape of approximately 90 degrees, the biggest of any extant Carnivoran, a trait shared by the extinct Machirodont subfamily.[9]

Pocock described the skull of Neofelis as recalling in general features that of Panthera pardus, especially in the shortness and wide separation of the frontal and malar postorbital processes, relative proportion of mandibular teeth; but differing in the greater posterior width of the nasals, the thicker, more salient inferior edge of the orbit, and the mandible being greatly elevated anteriorly.[7]

The Sunda clouded leopard has longer upper canines and a narrower palate between them.[10]

Distribution and habitat

Neofelis species range from Nepal and Sikkim eastward to south China and Hainan, southeastward to Myanmar, Annam, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.[11] They are most closely associated with primary evergreen tropical rainforest, but make use of other types of habitat. Sightings have also been made in secondary and logged forest, as well as grassland and scrub. In the Himalayan foothills they have been recorded up to 1,450 m (4,760 ft).[12]

Distribution of species

Between 1821 and 1862, several felids have been described from Southeast Asia that are subordinated under Neofelis today:

  • Felis nebulosa was first described in 1821 by Edward Griffith based on a specimen brought from Canton in southern China.[13] Populations range from the Himalayan foothills in Nepal through mainland Southeast Asia into China.[12]
  • Felis diardi was first described in 1823 by Georges Cuvier based on a skin and a drawing received from Java.[14] The Sunda clouded leopard is probably restricted to the islands of Sumatra and Borneo.[2] In Java only clouded leopard fossils were found.[15]
  • Leopardus brachyurus was first described in 1862 by Robert Swinhoe based on two to three skins from Taiwan.[16] Today the Formosan clouded leopard is considered a clouded leopard subspecies Neofelis nebulosa brachyurus.[17] It is now considered to be extinct.[18]

Threats

Deforestation is the foremost threat for both Neofelis species.[12] They are also threatened by commercial poaching for the wildlife trade. Skins, claws and teeth are offered for decoration and clothing, bones and meat as substitute for tiger in traditional Asian medicines and tonics, and live animals for the pet trade. Few poaching incidents have been documented, but all range states are believed to have some degree of commercial poaching. In recent years, substantial domestic markets existed in Indonesia, Myanmar and Vietnam.[19]

Conservation

Both Neofelis species are listed in CITES Appendix I and are protected over most of their range. Hunting is banned in Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Hunting regulations apply in Laos.[12]

References

  1. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c Buckley-Beason, V.A.; Johnson, W.E.; Nash, W.G.; Stanyon, R.; Menninger, J.C.; Driscoll, C.A.; Howard, J.; Bush, M.; Page, J.E.; Roelke, M.E.; Stone, G.; Martelli, P.; Wen, C.; Ling, L.; Duraisingam, R.K.; Lam, V.P.; O'Brien, S.J. (2006). "Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards". Current Biology. 16 (23): 2371–2376. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.066. PMC 5618441. PMID 17141620.
  3. ^ a b Kitchener, A.C.; Beaumont, M.A.; Richardson, D. (2006). "Geographical Variation in the Clouded Leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Reveals Two Species". Current Biology. 16 (23): 2377–2383. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.066. PMID 17141621. S2CID 6838593.
  4. ^ Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). "νέος". A Greek-English Lexicon (Revised and augmented ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  5. ^ Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). "fēles". A Latin Dictionary (Revised, enlarged ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  6. ^ a b Gray, J.E. (1867). Notes on the skulls of the Cats. 5. Neofelis. Page 265–266 in: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1867.
  7. ^ a b Pocock, R. I. (1917). "The classification of existing Felidae". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, 8th ser. vol. 20 no. 119: 329–350.
  8. ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 545–546. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  9. ^ "About the Clouded Leopard".
  10. ^ Christiansen, P. (2008). "Species distinction and evolutionary differences in the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) and Diard's clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi)". Journal of Mammalogy. 89 (6): 1435–1446. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-013.1.
  11. ^ Pocock, R. I. (1939). "Neofelis". The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia. – Volume 1. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 247–253.
  12. ^ a b c d Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). "Clouded Leopard". Wild Cats: status survey and conservation action plan. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on 2012-04-06.
  13. ^ Griffith, E. (1821). "Felis nebulosa". General and particular descriptions of the vertebrated animals : arranged conformably to the modern discoveries and improvements in zoology. Vol. Volume 1: Order Carnivora. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, Rodwell and Martin, W. Wood. p. Plate 37.
  14. ^ Cuvier, G. (1823). "Chapitre V. Des Ossemens de Grands Félis". Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles; ou, l'on retablit les caracteres de plusiers animaux dont les revolutions du globe ont detruit les especes. Vol. Volume IV: Les Ruminans et les Carnassiers Fossiles. Paris: G. Dufour & E. d'Ocagne. pp. 407−456.
  15. ^ Meijaard, E. (2004). "Biogeographic history of the Javan leopard Panthera pardus based on a craniometric analysis". Journal of Mammalogy. 85 (2): 302−310. doi:10.1644/BER-010. S2CID 84535169.
  16. ^ Swinhoe, R. (1862). "On the Mammals of the Island of Formosa". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 347–365.
  17. ^ Ellerman J. R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966). "Genus Neofelis Gray, 1867". Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. London: Trustees of the British Museum. pp. 314–315.
  18. ^ Grassman, L.; Lynam, A.; Mohamad, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Borah, J.; Willcox, D.; Ghimirey, Y.; Reza, A. & Rahman, H. (2016). "Neofelis nebulosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14519A97215090.
  19. ^ Nowell, K. (2007). Asian big cat conservation and trade control in selected range States: evaluating implementation and effectiveness of CITES Recommendations. A TRAFFIC Report, June 2007
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Neofelis: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Neofelis is a genus comprising two extant cat species in Southeast Asia: the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) of mainland Asia, and the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) of Sumatra and Borneo.

The scientific name Neofelis is a composite of the Greek word neo- (νέος-) meaning 'young' and 'new', and the Latin word fēles meaning 'cat'.

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Neofelis ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

Neofelis es un género de mamíferos carnívoros de la familia de los félidos que incluye dos especies, la pantera nebulosa (Neofelis nebulosa) y la pantera nebulosa de Borneo (Neofelis diardi). Esta última fue elevada a la categoría de especie en el 2006, siendo antes una subespecie de Neofelis nebulosa.[1][2]

Este género se diferencia de otros grandes felinos por su estructura ósea.

Taxonomía

El género Neofelis fue descrito en 1867 por el zoólogo inglés John Edward Gray. En 1917, el zoólogo inglés Reginald Innes Pocock designó como especie tipo a Felis macrocelis. Sin embargo, F. macrocelis resultó ser sinónimo de F. nebulosa.[3]

Especies

Está conformado por las siguientes especies:[4]

Referencias

  1. Buckley-Beason, V. A.; Johnson, W. E.; Nash, W. G.; Stanyon, R.; Menninger, J. C.; Driscoll, C. A.; Howard, J.; Bush, M.; Page, J. E.; Roelke, M. E.; Stone, G.; Martelli, P. P.; Wen, C.; Ling, L.; Duraisingam, R. K.; Lam, P. V.; O'Brien, S. J. (5 de diciembre de 2006). «Molecular evidence for species-level distinctions in clouded leopards.». Current biology: CB 16 (23): 2371-6. PMID 17141620. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.066.
  2. Kitchener, Andrew C.; Beaumont, Mark A.; Richardson, Douglas (diciembre de 2006). «Geographical Variation in the Clouded Leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Reveals Two Species». Current Biology 16 (23): 2377-2383. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.066.
  3. Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. (2005). «Neofelis». Mammal Species of the World (en inglés) (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
  4. Sistema Integrado de Información Taxonómica. «Neofelis (TSN 183808)» (en inglés).

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Neofelis: Brief Summary ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

Neofelis es un género de mamíferos carnívoros de la familia de los félidos que incluye dos especies, la pantera nebulosa (Neofelis nebulosa) y la pantera nebulosa de Borneo (Neofelis diardi). Esta última fue elevada a la categoría de especie en el 2006, siendo antes una subespecie de Neofelis nebulosa.​​

Este género se diferencia de otros grandes felinos por su estructura ósea.

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Neofelis ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Neofelis est un genre de la sous-famille Pantherinae regroupant deux espèces. Il ne regroupait qu'une seule espèce divisée en plusieurs sous-espèces jusqu'en 2007, ou la sous-espèce N. nebulosa diardi a été reconnue comme une espèce à part entière sous le nom de N. diardi par certains auteurs[Qui ?]. On considère que le genre Neofelis forme une base du genre Panthera[1].

Liste des espèces

Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (28 octobre 2013)[2], Catalogue of Life (28 octobre 2013)[3] et ITIS (28 octobre 2013)[4] :

Selon NCBI (28 octobre 2013)[5] :

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (28 octobre 2013)[2] :

  • Neofelis nebulosa
    • sous-espèce Neofelis nebulosa brachyura
    • sous-espèce Neofelis nebulosa diardi
    • sous-espèce Neofelis nebulosa macrosceloides
    • sous-espèce Neofelis nebulosa nebulosa

Phylogénie

Arbre phylogénétique de la sous-famille Pantherinae[6]

Pantherinae Neofelis

Neofelis nebulosa - Panthère nébuleuse



Neofelis diardi - Panthère nébuleuse de Bornéo



Panthera

Panthera tigris - Tigre



Panthera uncia - Panthère des neiges






Panthera leo - Lion



Panthera pardus - Léopard




Panthera onca - Jaguar





Notes et références

  1. (en) L. Yu et Y.P. Zhang, « Phylogenetic studies of pantherine cats (Felidae) based on multiple genes, with novel application of nuclear beta-fibrinogen intron 7 to carnivores », Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 35, no 2,‎ 2005, p. 483–495 (DOI ).
  2. a et b Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005), consulté le 28 octobre 2013
  3. Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Vandepitte, L., DeWalt, R. E., Remsen, D., Schalk, P., Orrell, T., Keping, M., Miller, J., Aalbu, R., Adlard, R., Adriaenssens, E., Aedo, C., Aescht, E., Akkari, N., Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A., Alvarez, B., Alvarez, F., Anderson, G., et al. (2021). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2021-10-18). Catalogue of Life. https://doi.org/10.48580/d4t2, consulté le 28 octobre 2013
  4. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), www.itis.gov, CC0 https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK, consulté le 28 octobre 2013
  5. NCBI, consulté le 28 octobre 2013
  6. (fr) Stephen O'Brien et Warren Johnson, « L'évolution des chats », Pour la science, no 366,‎ avril 2008 (ISSN ) basée sur (en) W. Johnson et al., « The late Miocene radiation of modern felidae : a genetic assessment », Science, no 311,‎ 2006 et (en) C. Driscoll et al., « The near eastern origin of cat domestication », Science, no 317,‎ 2007

Annexes

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Neofelis: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Neofelis est un genre de la sous-famille Pantherinae regroupant deux espèces. Il ne regroupait qu'une seule espèce divisée en plusieurs sous-espèces jusqu'en 2007, ou la sous-espèce N. nebulosa diardi a été reconnue comme une espèce à part entière sous le nom de N. diardi par certains auteurs[Qui ?]. On considère que le genre Neofelis forme une base du genre Panthera.

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Neofelis ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

Neofelis (Grey, 1867) è un genere di mammiferi carnivori della famiglia dei felidi[1], che comprende due specie, il leopardo nebuloso (Neofelis nebulosa) ed il leopardo nebuloso del Borneo (Neofelis diardi). Quest'ultimo è stato elevato al rango di specie solo di recente; in precedenza era considerato una sottospecie. [2][3]

Distribuzione e Habitat

L'habitat di questi animali spazia dal Nepal al sud della Cina, comprendendo tutto il sud-est asiatico e le isole del Borneo.[4] Sono più strettamente associati alla foresta pluviale tropicale sempreverde primaria, ma si trovano a loro agio anche in altri tipi di habitat. Gli avvistamenti sono stati effettuati anche in foreste secondarie e disboscate, oltre a praterie e boscaglie. Ai piedi dell'Himalaya sono stati registrati fino a 1.450 m (4.760 piedi).[5] Tra il 1821 e il 1862, sono stati descritti diversi felidi del sud-est asiatico che oggi sono subordinati a Neofelis:

  • Felis nebulosa (descritta per la prima volta nel 1821 da Edward Griffith).[6] Le popolazioni spaziano dalle colline pedemontane dell'Himalaya in Nepal attraverso il sud-est asiatico continentale fino alla Cina.[5]
  • Felis diardi (descritto per la prima volta nel 1823 da Georges Cuvier).[7] Il leopardo nebuloso della Sonda è probabilmente limitato alle isole di Sumatra e del Borneo.[8] A Giava sono stati trovati solo fossili di leopardo nebuloso.[9]
  • Leopardus brachyurus (descritto per la prima volta nel 1862 da Robert Swinhoe).[10] Oggi il leopardo nebuloso di Formosa è considerato una sottospecie di leopardo nebuloso Neofelis nebulosa brachyurus.[11] Era considerato estinto, ma ultimamente sembrano essere ricomparsi alcuni esemplari.[12]

Descrizione

Gray descrisse il genere Neofelis come avente un cranio allungato, un muso largo e piuttosto pronunciato sullo stesso piano della fronte, un naso largo e allungato, un'orbita moderata, una mascella inferiore troncata e canini conici superiori e inferiori molto lunghi con il bordo posteriore tagliente e affilato. Il cranio ha delle somiglianze con quello del fossile [Smilodon], con canini superiori molto allungati.[13]

Pocock descrisse il cranio di Neofelis simile in linea generale a quello di Panthera pardus, specialmente per la brevità e l'ampia separazione dei processi postorbitali, frontale e malare, in proporzione relativa ai denti mandibolari; ma secondo lui differisce per la maggiore larghezza posteriore dell'osso nasale, il bordo inferiore dell'orbita più grosso e più saliente, e la mandibola molto elevata anteriormente.[14]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Neofelis, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ Buckley-Beason, V.A., Johnson, W.E., Nash, W.G., Stanyon, R., Menninger, J.C., Driscoll, C.A., Howard, J., Bush, M., Page, J.E., Roelke, M.E., Stone, G., Martelli, P., Wen, C., Ling, L., Duraisingam, R.K., Lam, V.P. e O'Brien, S.J., Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards, in Current Biology, vol. 16, n. 23, 2006, pp. 2371–2376, DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.066, PMC 5618441, PMID 17141620.
  3. ^ Kitchener, A.C., Beaumont, M.A. e Richardson, D., Geographical Variation in the Clouded Leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Reveals Two Species, in Current Biology, vol. 16, n. 23, 2006, pp. 2377–2383, DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.066, PMID 17141621.
  4. ^ Pocock, R. I. (1939). "Neofelis". The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1. London: Taylor and Francis.
  5. ^ a b Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). "Clouded Leopard". Wild Cats: status survey and conservation action plan. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. Controllato il 2012-04-06.
  6. ^ Griffith, E. (1821). "Felis nebulosa". General and particular descriptions of the vertebrated animals : arranged conformably to the modern discoveries and improvements in zoology. Volume 1: Order Carnivora. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, Rodwell and Martin, W. Wood. p. tavola 37.
  7. ^ Cuvier, G. (1823). "Chapitre V. Des Ossemens de Grands Félis". Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles; ou, l'on retablit les caracteres de plusiers animaux dont les revolutions du globe ont detruit les especes. Volume IV: Les Ruminans et les Carnassiers Fossiles. Parigi: G. Dufour & E. d'Ocagne.
  8. ^ AA.VV. "Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards". Current Biology, (2006).
  9. ^ Meijaard, E. (2004). "Biogeographic history of the Javan leopard Panthera pardus based on a craniometric analysis". Journal of Mammalogy.
  10. ^ Swinhoe, R. (1862). "On the Mammals of the Island of Formosa". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
  11. ^ Ellerman J. R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966). "Genus Neofelis Gray, 1867". Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946.
  12. ^ AA.VV.(2016). "Neofelis nebulosa" nella Lista rossa IUCN
  13. ^ Gray, J.E. (1867). Notes on the skulls of the Cats. 5. Neofelis. Page 265–266 in: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1867
  14. ^ Pocock, R. I. (1917). "The classification of existing Felidae". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, 8th ser. vol. 20 no. 119: 329–350.

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Neofelis: Brief Summary ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

Neofelis (Grey, 1867) è un genere di mammiferi carnivori della famiglia dei felidi, che comprende due specie, il leopardo nebuloso (Neofelis nebulosa) ed il leopardo nebuloso del Borneo (Neofelis diardi). Quest'ultimo è stato elevato al rango di specie solo di recente; in precedenza era considerato una sottospecie.

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Neofelis ( البرتغالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia PT

O género Neofelis contém duas espécies, o leopardo-nebuloso (N. nebulosa) e o leopardo-nebuloso-de-bornéu (N. diardi), ambas classificadas como vulneráveis pela IUCN e incluídas no Apêndice I da CITES. São encontrados apenas no Sudeste Asiático.[2] N. diardi foi elevado à categoria de espécie em 2006; até aí era considerada uma subespécie de N. nebulosa.[3][4] A população taiwanesa de leopardos-nebulosos encontra-se significativamente diminuída, e alguns acreditam que já não exista nesta região, pois o último avistamente relatado data de 1983.[5]

O género é considerado distinto devido à diferença na estrutura craniana em comparação com outros grandes felinos. Sabe-se também que os seus caninos superiores são mais compridos que os de qualquer outro felídeo existente.[2] Estudos moleculares sugerem que embora o género pertença ao mesmo clado dos outros grandes felinos, divergiu do género Panthera relativamente cedo nas suas histórias evolutivas, há cerca de cinco ou seis milhões de anos.[6]

Referências

  1. Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (eds). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press
  2. a b Rabinowitz, A., P. Andau, P.P.K. Chai (1987). «The clouded leopard in Malaysian Borneo». Oryx. 21 (2): 107–111. doi:10.1017/S0030605300026648
  3. Buckley-Beason, V.; et al. (5 de dezembro de 2006). «Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards». Current Biology. 16 (23): 2371–2376. PMID 17141620. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.066
  4. Kitchener, A.; et al. (5 de dezembro de 2006). «Geographical Variation in the Clouded Leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Reveals Two Species». Current Biology. 16 (23): 2377–2383. PMID 17141621. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.066
  5. Rabinowitz, A. R. 1988. The clouded leopard in Taiwan. Oryx 22(1): 46-47.
  6. Sunquist, Mel; Sunquist, Fiona (2002). Wild cats of the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 279. ISBN 0-226-77999-8
  • Este artigo foi inicialmente traduzido, total ou parcialmente, do artigo da Wikipédia em inglês, cujo título é «Neofelis», especificamente .
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Neofelis: Brief Summary ( البرتغالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia PT

O género Neofelis contém duas espécies, o leopardo-nebuloso (N. nebulosa) e o leopardo-nebuloso-de-bornéu (N. diardi), ambas classificadas como vulneráveis pela IUCN e incluídas no Apêndice I da CITES. São encontrados apenas no Sudeste Asiático. N. diardi foi elevado à categoria de espécie em 2006; até aí era considerada uma subespécie de N. nebulosa. A população taiwanesa de leopardos-nebulosos encontra-se significativamente diminuída, e alguns acreditam que já não exista nesta região, pois o último avistamente relatado data de 1983.

O género é considerado distinto devido à diferença na estrutura craniana em comparação com outros grandes felinos. Sabe-se também que os seus caninos superiores são mais compridos que os de qualquer outro felídeo existente. Estudos moleculares sugerem que embora o género pertença ao mesmo clado dos outros grandes felinos, divergiu do género Panthera relativamente cedo nas suas histórias evolutivas, há cerca de cinco ou seis milhões de anos.

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구름표범속 ( الكورية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

구름표범속(Neofelis)은 구름표범(N. nebulosa)과 보르네오구름표범(N. diardi)의 두 종으로 이루어진 속이다.

하위 분류

계통 분류

다음은 고양이과의 계통 분류이다.[1]

고양이과

마카이로두스아과

    표범아과 구름표범속

보르네오구름표범

   

구름표범

    표범속    

눈표범

   

호랑이

       

재규어

     

표범

   

사자

          고양이아과마블고양이속

마블고양이

황금고양이속

보르네오황금고양이

   

아시아황금고양이

          서벌속

서벌

카라칼속

카라칼

   

아프리카황금고양이

        호랑고양이속    

오셀롯

   

마게이

         

콜로콜로

   

안데스산고양이

       

호랑고양이

     

코드코드

   

조프루아고양이

            스라소니속

붉은스라소니

     

캐나다스라소니

     

스라소니

   

이베리아스라소니

            치타속

치타

    퓨마속

퓨마

재규어런디속

재규어런디

          마눌속

마눌

삵속

붉은점박이삵

     

납작머리삵

     

고기잡이삵

   

          고양이속

정글고양이

     

검은발고양이

     

모래고양이

   

들고양이(집고양이 포함)

                       

각주

  1. Stephen J. O’Brien and Warren E. Johnson (2010). “The Evolution of CATS” (PDF). 《SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.》.
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구름표범속: Brief Summary ( الكورية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

구름표범속(Neofelis)은 구름표범(N. nebulosa)과 보르네오구름표범(N. diardi)의 두 종으로 이루어진 속이다.

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia 한국어 위키백과