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Aquilegia einseleana F. W. Schultz, syn.: Aquilegia pyrenaica var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Fiori, Aquilegia vulgaris var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Brhl, Aquilegia bauhini Schott, Aquilegia thalictrifolia Schott & Kotschy, Aquilegia vestinae Pfenn. & D. M. MoserFamily: Ranunculaceae Juss.EN: Einsele's Columbine, DE: Dolomiten Akelei, Einsele-Akelei, Kleinblten-AkeleiSlo.: Einselejeva orlicaDat.: July 3. 2020Lat.: 46.36136 Long.: 13.691614 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1316/2020_DSC04576Habitat: Steep mountain ravine, southeast aspect; stony, calcareous ground; open, sunny, relatively warm place; elevation 850 m (2.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 8 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil among stones and rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta; Skokar's ravine, below mountain ridge from Mt. Bavki grintavec to Mt. Srebrnjak; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Aquilegia einseleana is a beautiful, endemic, Alpine species of a very attractive genus columbine (Aquilegia). In nature (many, also beautiful, cultivars of this genus exist on the horticultural market) it can be admired only in Slovenian Alps, on a few places in Austria, in northeast Italy, in the south most alpine region in Germany and in a tiny (0.2%) portion of Switzerland in Tessin. It grows in two strictly divided narrow, running in west-east direction, belts: in the most south-eastern calcareous Alps and in a small disjunct location in the most northern calcareous Alps and nowhere else. The plants are smaller and more gracious than other species of this genus growing in Slovenia, but with relatively large, intensive violet blue, beautifully shaped flowers and rounded leaf segments of bluish green color. The plant is rare to very rare in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, however, in Trenta valley it is quite common and by far the most common of all Aquilegia species growing here.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 266.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 148. (3) W. Langer, H. Sauerbier, Endemishe Pflanzen der Alpen (I), IHW-Verlag (1997), ISBN 3-930167-22-0, p 24.(3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.

Aquilegia einseleana F. W. Schultz, syn.: Aquilegia pyrenaica var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Fiori, Aquilegia vulgaris var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Brhl, Aquilegia bauhini Schott, Aquilegia thalictrifolia Schott & Kotschy, Aquilegia vestinae Pfenn. & D. M. MoserFamily: Ranunculaceae Juss.EN: Einsele's Columbine, DE: Dolomiten Akelei, Einsele-Akelei, Kleinblten-AkeleiSlo.: Einselejeva orlicaDat.: July 3. 2020Lat.: 46.36136 Long.: 13.691614 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1316/2020_DSC04576Habitat: Steep mountain ravine, southeast aspect; stony, calcareous ground; open, sunny, relatively warm place; elevation 850 m (2.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 8 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil among stones and rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta; Skokar's ravine, below mountain ridge from Mt. Bavki grintavec to Mt. Srebrnjak; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Aquilegia einseleana is a beautiful, endemic, Alpine species of a very attractive genus columbine (Aquilegia). In nature (many, also beautiful, cultivars of this genus exist on the horticultural market) it can be admired only in Slovenian Alps, on a few places in Austria, in northeast Italy, in the south most alpine region in Germany and in a tiny (0.2%) portion of Switzerland in Tessin. It grows in two strictly divided narrow, running in west-east direction, belts: in the most south-eastern calcareous Alps and in a small disjunct location in the most northern calcareous Alps and nowhere else. The plants are smaller and more gracious than other species of this genus growing in Slovenia, but with relatively large, intensive violet blue, beautifully shaped flowers and rounded leaf segments of bluish green color. The plant is rare to very rare in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, however, in Trenta valley it is quite common and by far the most common of all Aquilegia species growing here.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 266.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 148. (3) W. Langer, H. Sauerbier, Endemishe Pflanzen der Alpen (I), IHW-Verlag (1997), ISBN 3-930167-22-0, p 24.(3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.

Aquilegia einseleana F. W. Schultz, syn.: Aquilegia pyrenaica var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Fiori, Aquilegia vulgaris var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Brhl, Aquilegia bauhini Schott, Aquilegia thalictrifolia Schott & Kotschy, Aquilegia vestinae Pfenn. & D. M. MoserFamily: Ranunculaceae Juss.EN: Einsele's Columbine, DE: Dolomiten Akelei, Einsele-Akelei, Kleinblten-AkeleiSlo.: Einselejeva orlicaDat.: July 3. 2020Lat.: 46.36136 Long.: 13.691614 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1316/2020_DSC04576Habitat: Steep mountain ravine, southeast aspect; stony, calcareous ground; open, sunny, relatively warm place; elevation 850 m (2.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 8 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil among stones and rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta; Skokar's ravine, below mountain ridge from Mt. Bavki grintavec to Mt. Srebrnjak; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Aquilegia einseleana is a beautiful, endemic, Alpine species of a very attractive genus columbine (Aquilegia). In nature (many, also beautiful, cultivars of this genus exist on the horticultural market) it can be admired only in Slovenian Alps, on a few places in Austria, in northeast Italy, in the south most alpine region in Germany and in a tiny (0.2%) portion of Switzerland in Tessin. It grows in two strictly divided narrow, running in west-east direction, belts: in the most south-eastern calcareous Alps and in a small disjunct location in the most northern calcareous Alps and nowhere else. The plants are smaller and more gracious than other species of this genus growing in Slovenia, but with relatively large, intensive violet blue, beautifully shaped flowers and rounded leaf segments of bluish green color. The plant is rare to very rare in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, however, in Trenta valley it is quite common and by far the most common of all Aquilegia species growing here.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 266.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 148. (3) W. Langer, H. Sauerbier, Endemishe Pflanzen der Alpen (I), IHW-Verlag (1997), ISBN 3-930167-22-0, p 24.(3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.

Aquilegia einseleana F. W. Schultz, syn.: Aquilegia pyrenaica var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Fiori, Aquilegia vulgaris var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Brhl, Aquilegia bauhini Schott, Aquilegia thalictrifolia Schott & Kotschy, Aquilegia vestinae Pfenn. & D. M. MoserFamily: Ranunculaceae Juss.EN: Einsele's Columbine, DE: Dolomiten Akelei, Einsele-Akelei, Kleinblten-AkeleiSlo.: Einselejeva orlicaDat.: July 3. 2020Lat.: 46.36136 Long.: 13.691614 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1316/2020_DSC04576Habitat: Steep mountain ravine, southeast aspect; stony, calcareous ground; open, sunny, relatively warm place; elevation 850 m (2.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 8 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil among stones and rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta; Skokar's ravine, below mountain ridge from Mt. Bavki grintavec to Mt. Srebrnjak; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Aquilegia einseleana is a beautiful, endemic, Alpine species of a very attractive genus columbine (Aquilegia). In nature (many, also beautiful, cultivars of this genus exist on the horticultural market) it can be admired only in Slovenian Alps, on a few places in Austria, in northeast Italy, in the south most alpine region in Germany and in a tiny (0.2%) portion of Switzerland in Tessin. It grows in two strictly divided narrow, running in west-east direction, belts: in the most south-eastern calcareous Alps and in a small disjunct location in the most northern calcareous Alps and nowhere else. The plants are smaller and more gracious than other species of this genus growing in Slovenia, but with relatively large, intensive violet blue, beautifully shaped flowers and rounded leaf segments of bluish green color. The plant is rare to very rare in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, however, in Trenta valley it is quite common and by far the most common of all Aquilegia species growing here.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 266.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 148. (3) W. Langer, H. Sauerbier, Endemishe Pflanzen der Alpen (I), IHW-Verlag (1997), ISBN 3-930167-22-0, p 24.(3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.

Aquilegia einseleana F. W. Schultz, syn.: Aquilegia pyrenaica var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Fiori, Aquilegia vulgaris var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Brhl, Aquilegia bauhini Schott, Aquilegia thalictrifolia Schott & Kotschy, Aquilegia vestinae Pfenn. & D. M. MoserFamily: Ranunculaceae Juss.EN: Einsele's Columbine, DE: Dolomiten Akelei, Einsele-Akelei, Kleinblten-AkeleiSlo.: Einselejeva orlicaDat.: July 3. 2020Lat.: 46.36136 Long.: 13.691614 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1316/2020_DSC04576Habitat: Steep mountain ravine, southeast aspect; stony, calcareous ground; open, sunny, relatively warm place; elevation 850 m (2.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 8 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil among stones and rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta; Skokar's ravine, below mountain ridge from Mt. Bavki grintavec to Mt. Srebrnjak; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Aquilegia einseleana is a beautiful, endemic, Alpine species of a very attractive genus columbine (Aquilegia). In nature (many, also beautiful, cultivars of this genus exist on the horticultural market) it can be admired only in Slovenian Alps, on a few places in Austria, in northeast Italy, in the south most alpine region in Germany and in a tiny (0.2%) portion of Switzerland in Tessin. It grows in two strictly divided narrow, running in west-east direction, belts: in the most south-eastern calcareous Alps and in a small disjunct location in the most northern calcareous Alps and nowhere else. The plants are smaller and more gracious than other species of this genus growing in Slovenia, but with relatively large, intensive violet blue, beautifully shaped flowers and rounded leaf segments of bluish green color. The plant is rare to very rare in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, however, in Trenta valley it is quite common and by far the most common of all Aquilegia species growing here.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 266.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 148. (3) W. Langer, H. Sauerbier, Endemishe Pflanzen der Alpen (I), IHW-Verlag (1997), ISBN 3-930167-22-0, p 24.(3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.

Aquilegia einseleana F. W. Schultz, syn.: Aquilegia pyrenaica var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Fiori, Aquilegia vulgaris var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Brhl, Aquilegia bauhini Schott, Aquilegia thalictrifolia Schott & Kotschy, Aquilegia vestinae Pfenn. & D. M. MoserFamily: Ranunculaceae Juss.EN: Einsele's Columbine, DE: Dolomiten Akelei, Einsele-Akelei, Kleinblten-AkeleiSlo.: Einselejeva orlicaDat.: July 3. 2020Lat.: 46.36136 Long.: 13.691614 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1316/2020_DSC04576Habitat: Steep mountain ravine, southeast aspect; stony, calcareous ground; open, sunny, relatively warm place; elevation 850 m (2.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 8 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil among stones and rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta; Skokar's ravine, below mountain ridge from Mt. Bavki grintavec to Mt. Srebrnjak; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Aquilegia einseleana is a beautiful, endemic, Alpine species of a very attractive genus columbine (Aquilegia). In nature (many, also beautiful, cultivars of this genus exist on the horticultural market) it can be admired only in Slovenian Alps, on a few places in Austria, in northeast Italy, in the south most alpine region in Germany and in a tiny (0.2%) portion of Switzerland in Tessin. It grows in two strictly divided narrow, running in west-east direction, belts: in the most south-eastern calcareous Alps and in a small disjunct location in the most northern calcareous Alps and nowhere else. The plants are smaller and more gracious than other species of this genus growing in Slovenia, but with relatively large, intensive violet blue, beautifully shaped flowers and rounded leaf segments of bluish green color. The plant is rare to very rare in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, however, in Trenta valley it is quite common and by far the most common of all Aquilegia species growing here.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 266.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 148. (3) W. Langer, H. Sauerbier, Endemishe Pflanzen der Alpen (I), IHW-Verlag (1997), ISBN 3-930167-22-0, p 24.(3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.

Aquilegia einseleana F. W. Schultz, syn.: Aquilegia pyrenaica var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Fiori, Aquilegia vulgaris var. einseleana (F. W. Schultz) Brhl, Aquilegia bauhini Schott, Aquilegia thalictrifolia Schott & Kotschy, Aquilegia vestinae Pfenn. & D. M. MoserFamily: Ranunculaceae Juss.EN: Einsele's Columbine, DE: Dolomiten Akelei, Einsele-Akelei, Kleinblten-AkeleiSlo.: Einselejeva orlicaDat.: July 3. 2020Lat.: 46.36136 Long.: 13.691614 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1316/2020_DSC04576Habitat: Steep mountain ravine, southeast aspect; stony, calcareous ground; open, sunny, relatively warm place; elevation 850 m (2.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 8 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil among stones and rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta; Skokar's ravine, below mountain ridge from Mt. Bavki grintavec to Mt. Srebrnjak; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Aquilegia einseleana is a beautiful, endemic, Alpine species of a very attractive genus columbine (Aquilegia). In nature (many, also beautiful, cultivars of this genus exist on the horticultural market) it can be admired only in Slovenian Alps, on a few places in Austria, in northeast Italy, in the south most alpine region in Germany and in a tiny (0.2%) portion of Switzerland in Tessin. It grows in two strictly divided narrow, running in west-east direction, belts: in the most south-eastern calcareous Alps and in a small disjunct location in the most northern calcareous Alps and nowhere else. The plants are smaller and more gracious than other species of this genus growing in Slovenia, but with relatively large, intensive violet blue, beautifully shaped flowers and rounded leaf segments of bluish green color. The plant is rare to very rare in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, however, in Trenta valley it is quite common and by far the most common of all Aquilegia species growing here.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 266.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 148. (3) W. Langer, H. Sauerbier, Endemishe Pflanzen der Alpen (I), IHW-Verlag (1997), ISBN 3-930167-22-0, p 24.(3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.

Orinda, California, United States

Western columbineRanunculaceae (Buttercup family)Native to western North America (USA: Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming; Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon; Mexico: Baja California)Photo: near Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, CanadaUsed medicinally by several native North American tribes and nations and as well as a perfume by some.

Curtis's botanical magazine..London ; New York [etc.] :Academic Press [etc.].biodiversitylibrary.org/page/436965

Western columbineRanunculaceae (Buttercup family)Native to western North America (USA: Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming; Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon; Mexico: Baja California)Photo: near Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, CanadaHabitwww.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/27144152255/in/photostream/Used medicinally by several native North American tribes and nations and as well as a perfume by some.

taken by Tom Sterling near Seward, AK

Western columbineRanunculaceae (Buttercup family)Native to western North America (USA: Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming; Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon; Mexico: Baja California)Habitwww.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/27144152255/in/photostream/Photo: near Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, CanadaUsed medicinally by several native North American tribes and nations and as well as a perfume by some.

Orinda, California, United States

May 29, 2010. Upper Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, ArizonaThese flowers are pollinated by hawk moths. Imagine the size of the moth that pollinates this flower. It must be huge.

May 29, 2010 Upper Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona

Endemics Aquilegia micrantha and Primula specuicola in their hanging garden habitat. P. specuicola is considered to be rare.May 22, 1984, alcove in Negro Bill Canyon, Grand Co., Utah

Aquilegia nigricans cf. Baumg., syn: Aquilegia haenkeana Koch, Aquilegia ullepitschii Pax, Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. nigricans (Baumg.) Domin, Aquilegia vulgaris var. nigricans (Baumg.) SchurFamily: RanunculaceaeEN: Bulgarian columbine, DE: Drsige Akelei Slo: velecvetna orlicaDat.: June 3. 2019 and June 6. 2019Lat.: 46.357076 Long.: 13.701260Code: Bot_1206/2019_DSC07479 and Bot_1208/2019_DSC07589Habitat: grassland, under a canopy of a Salix eleagnos; river bank; locally flat terrain; partly in shade; alluvial, calcareous ground; elevation 530 m; average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C; alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, about 80 m upstream from the bridge to the farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Genus Aquilegia is one of the most beautiful of all known to me. All wild species in Slovenia have quite large and, before all, imagination full shape of the flowers. No wonder, there are many cultivars in use in gardens all over the world. In Slovenia there grow five species. Two of them are endemic: Aquilegia einseleana and Aquilegia iulia. The first one is limited to South-East Alps. The second one had been long time known as Aquilegia bertolonii Schott. & Verh.. It was only recently recognized as a separate species, which is endemic almost exclusively to the territory of Slovenia.Other three, that is Aquilegia vulgaris, Aquilegia nigricans and Aquilegia atrata are all +/- common plants, but frequently quite a hard nut to be properly separated. All of them are more of less of the same height, all of them have similar flowers and they all are very variable in shape and color of their flowers. Often intermediary forms are found and hybrids are also frequent. Ambiguities exist also in the literature. For example: if one looks at the distribution map of Aquilegia nigricans in the Euro+Med Plantbase (Ref.: 6) and in GBIF (the Global Biodiversity Information Facility) (Ref.: 7), one gets two completely different pictures. The firs source claims the species is absent from Austria and Slovenia, the second source claims that far the most observations come from these two countries. Also the information about hairiness of the plants, for example, differ in literature. The plants on my pictures have short but distinctive glandular hairs on their flower petioles. Hence they can't belong to Aquilegia vulgaris (Ref.: 1 and 2), which has no glandular hairs. Other traits point to somewhere in between both remaining alternatives. The color of flowers seems to me closer to 'violet-brown' than to 'deep-blue to violet-blue' (Ref.1) hence Aquilegia atrata; the leaflets of the second order are clearly cuneate (wedge-shaped) at the base - hence Aquilegia nigricans; stamens are protruding way out of the corolla hence Aquilegia atrata; bracts are very narrow (length/width = 3.5 -8.5(12) (Ref.: 1) hence Aquilegia nigricans; the size of the flowers fits somewhere in between both species. Based on quite regularly cuneate leaflets I decided that the plant are closer to Aquilegia nigricans. Ref:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 267.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 147. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 57.(6) euromed.luomus.fi/euromed_map.php?taxon=347328&size=m... (accessed Jan.28. 2020)(7) www.gbif.org/species/3930143/metrics (accessed Jan.28. 2020)

2010-06-22 Lower Austria, district Neunkirchen (mixed forest, 810 msm Quadrant 8161/4).German name: Dunkel-Akelei

Aquilegia nigricans cf. Baumg., syn: Aquilegia haenkeana Koch, Aquilegia ullepitschii Pax, Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. nigricans (Baumg.) Domin, Aquilegia vulgaris var. nigricans (Baumg.) SchurFamily: RanunculaceaeEN: Bulgarian columbine, DE: Drsige Akelei Slo: velecvetna orlicaDat.: June 3. 2019 and June 6. 2019Lat.: 46.357076 Long.: 13.701260Code: Bot_1206/2019_DSC07479 and Bot_1208/2019_DSC07589Habitat: grassland, under a canopy of a Salix eleagnos; river bank; locally flat terrain; partly in shade; alluvial, calcareous ground; elevation 530 m; average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C; alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, about 80 m upstream from the bridge to the farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Genus Aquilegia is one of the most beautiful of all known to me. All wild species in Slovenia have quite large and, before all, imagination full shape of the flowers. No wonder, there are many cultivars in use in gardens all over the world. In Slovenia there grow five species. Two of them are endemic: Aquilegia einseleana and Aquilegia iulia. The first one is limited to South-East Alps. The second one had been long time known as Aquilegia bertolonii Schott. & Verh.. It was only recently recognized as a separate species, which is endemic almost exclusively to the territory of Slovenia.Other three, that is Aquilegia vulgaris, Aquilegia nigricans and Aquilegia atrata are all +/- common plants, but frequently quite a hard nut to be properly separated. All of them are more of less of the same height, all of them have similar flowers and they all are very variable in shape and color of their flowers. Often intermediary forms are found and hybrids are also frequent. Ambiguities exist also in the literature. For example: if one looks at the distribution map of Aquilegia nigricans in the Euro+Med Plantbase (Ref.: 6) and in GBIF (the Global Biodiversity Information Facility) (Ref.: 7), one gets two completely different pictures. The firs source claims the species is absent from Austria and Slovenia, the second source claims that far the most observations come from these two countries. Also the information about hairiness of the plants, for example, differ in literature. The plants on my pictures have short but distinctive glandular hairs on their flower petioles. Hence they can't belong to Aquilegia vulgaris (Ref.: 1 and 2), which has no glandular hairs. Other traits point to somewhere in between both remaining alternatives. The color of flowers seems to me closer to 'violet-brown' than to 'deep-blue to violet-blue' (Ref.1) hence Aquilegia atrata; the leaflets of the second order are clearly cuneate (wedge-shaped) at the base - hence Aquilegia nigricans; stamens are protruding way out of the corolla hence Aquilegia atrata; bracts are very narrow (length/width = 3.5 -8.5(12) (Ref.: 1) hence Aquilegia nigricans; the size of the flowers fits somewhere in between both species. Based on quite regularly cuneate leaflets I decided that the plant are closer to Aquilegia nigricans. Ref:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 267.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 147. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 57.(6) euromed.luomus.fi/euromed_map.php?taxon=347328&size=m... (accessed Jan.28. 2020)(7) www.gbif.org/species/3930143/metrics (accessed Jan.28. 2020)

Aquilegia nigricans cf. Baumg., syn: Aquilegia haenkeana Koch, Aquilegia ullepitschii Pax, Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. nigricans (Baumg.) Domin, Aquilegia vulgaris var. nigricans (Baumg.) SchurFamily: RanunculaceaeEN: Bulgarian columbine, DE: Drsige Akelei Slo: velecvetna orlicaDat.: June 3. 2019 and June 6. 2019Lat.: 46.357076 Long.: 13.701260Code: Bot_1206/2019_DSC07479 and Bot_1208/2019_DSC07589Habitat: grassland, under a canopy of a Salix eleagnos; river bank; locally flat terrain; partly in shade; alluvial, calcareous ground; elevation 530 m; average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C; alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, about 80 m upstream from the bridge to the farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Genus Aquilegia is one of the most beautiful of all known to me. All wild species in Slovenia have quite large and, before all, imagination full shape of the flowers. No wonder, there are many cultivars in use in gardens all over the world. In Slovenia there grow five species. Two of them are endemic: Aquilegia einseleana and Aquilegia iulia. The first one is limited to South-East Alps. The second one had been long time known as Aquilegia bertolonii Schott. & Verh.. It was only recently recognized as a separate species, which is endemic almost exclusively to the territory of Slovenia.Other three, that is Aquilegia vulgaris, Aquilegia nigricans and Aquilegia atrata are all +/- common plants, but frequently quite a hard nut to be properly separated. All of them are more of less of the same height, all of them have similar flowers and they all are very variable in shape and color of their flowers. Often intermediary forms are found and hybrids are also frequent. Ambiguities exist also in the literature. For example: if one looks at the distribution map of Aquilegia nigricans in the Euro+Med Plantbase (Ref.: 6) and in GBIF (the Global Biodiversity Information Facility) (Ref.: 7), one gets two completely different pictures. The firs source claims the species is absent from Austria and Slovenia, the second source claims that far the most observations come from these two countries. Also the information about hairiness of the plants, for example, differ in literature. The plants on my pictures have short but distinctive glandular hairs on their flower petioles. Hence they can't belong to Aquilegia vulgaris (Ref.: 1 and 2), which has no glandular hairs. Other traits point to somewhere in between both remaining alternatives. The color of flowers seems to me closer to 'violet-brown' than to 'deep-blue to violet-blue' (Ref.1) hence Aquilegia atrata; the leaflets of the second order are clearly cuneate (wedge-shaped) at the base - hence Aquilegia nigricans; stamens are protruding way out of the corolla hence Aquilegia atrata; bracts are very narrow (length/width = 3.5 -8.5(12) (Ref.: 1) hence Aquilegia nigricans; the size of the flowers fits somewhere in between both species. Based on quite regularly cuneate leaflets I decided that the plant are closer to Aquilegia nigricans. Ref:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 267.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 147. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 57.(6) euromed.luomus.fi/euromed_map.php?taxon=347328&size=m... (accessed Jan.28. 2020)(7) www.gbif.org/species/3930143/metrics (accessed Jan.28. 2020)

Aquilegia nigricans cf. Baumg., syn: Aquilegia haenkeana Koch, Aquilegia ullepitschii Pax, Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. nigricans (Baumg.) Domin, Aquilegia vulgaris var. nigricans (Baumg.) SchurFamily: RanunculaceaeEN: Bulgarian columbine, DE: Drsige Akelei Slo: velecvetna orlicaDat.: June 3. 2019 and June 6. 2019Lat.: 46.357076 Long.: 13.701260Code: Bot_1206/2019_DSC07479 and Bot_1208/2019_DSC07589Habitat: grassland, under a canopy of a Salix eleagnos; river bank; locally flat terrain; partly in shade; alluvial, calcareous ground; elevation 530 m; average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C; alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, about 80 m upstream from the bridge to the farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Genus Aquilegia is one of the most beautiful of all known to me. All wild species in Slovenia have quite large and, before all, imagination full shape of the flowers. No wonder, there are many cultivars in use in gardens all over the world. In Slovenia there grow five species. Two of them are endemic: Aquilegia einseleana and Aquilegia iulia. The first one is limited to South-East Alps. The second one had been long time known as Aquilegia bertolonii Schott. & Verh.. It was only recently recognized as a separate species, which is endemic almost exclusively to the territory of Slovenia.Other three, that is Aquilegia vulgaris, Aquilegia nigricans and Aquilegia atrata are all +/- common plants, but frequently quite a hard nut to be properly separated. All of them are more of less of the same height, all of them have similar flowers and they all are very variable in shape and color of their flowers. Often intermediary forms are found and hybrids are also frequent. Ambiguities exist also in the literature. For example: if one looks at the distribution map of Aquilegia nigricans in the Euro+Med Plantbase (Ref.: 6) and in GBIF (the Global Biodiversity Information Facility) (Ref.: 7), one gets two completely different pictures. The firs source claims the species is absent from Austria and Slovenia, the second source claims that far the most observations come from these two countries. Also the information about hairiness of the plants, for example, differ in literature. The plants on my pictures have short but distinctive glandular hairs on their flower petioles. Hence they can't belong to Aquilegia vulgaris (Ref.: 1 and 2), which has no glandular hairs. Other traits point to somewhere in between both remaining alternatives. The color of flowers seems to me closer to 'violet-brown' than to 'deep-blue to violet-blue' (Ref.1) hence Aquilegia atrata; the leaflets of the second order are clearly cuneate (wedge-shaped) at the base - hence Aquilegia nigricans; stamens are protruding way out of the corolla hence Aquilegia atrata; bracts are very narrow (length/width = 3.5 -8.5(12) (Ref.: 1) hence Aquilegia nigricans; the size of the flowers fits somewhere in between both species. Based on quite regularly cuneate leaflets I decided that the plant are closer to Aquilegia nigricans. Ref:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 267.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 147. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 57.(6) euromed.luomus.fi/euromed_map.php?taxon=347328&size=m... (accessed Jan.28. 2020)(7) www.gbif.org/species/3930143/metrics (accessed Jan.28. 2020)

Aquilegia nigricans cf. Baumg., syn: Aquilegia haenkeana Koch, Aquilegia ullepitschii Pax, Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. nigricans (Baumg.) Domin, Aquilegia vulgaris var. nigricans (Baumg.) SchurFamily: RanunculaceaeEN: Bulgarian columbine, DE: Drsige Akelei Slo: velecvetna orlicaDat.: June 3. 2019 and June 6. 2019Lat.: 46.357076 Long.: 13.701260Code: Bot_1206/2019_DSC07479 and Bot_1208/2019_DSC07589Habitat: grassland, under a canopy of a Salix eleagnos; river bank; locally flat terrain; partly in shade; alluvial, calcareous ground; elevation 530 m; average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C; alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, about 80 m upstream from the bridge to the farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Genus Aquilegia is one of the most beautiful of all known to me. All wild species in Slovenia have quite large and, before all, imagination full shape of the flowers. No wonder, there are many cultivars in use in gardens all over the world. In Slovenia there grow five species. Two of them are endemic: Aquilegia einseleana and Aquilegia iulia. The first one is limited to South-East Alps. The second one had been long time known as Aquilegia bertolonii Schott. & Verh.. It was only recently recognized as a separate species, which is endemic almost exclusively to the territory of Slovenia.Other three, that is Aquilegia vulgaris, Aquilegia nigricans and Aquilegia atrata are all +/- common plants, but frequently quite a hard nut to be properly separated. All of them are more of less of the same height, all of them have similar flowers and they all are very variable in shape and color of their flowers. Often intermediary forms are found and hybrids are also frequent. Ambiguities exist also in the literature. For example: if one looks at the distribution map of Aquilegia nigricans in the Euro+Med Plantbase (Ref.: 6) and in GBIF (the Global Biodiversity Information Facility) (Ref.: 7), one gets two completely different pictures. The firs source claims the species is absent from Austria and Slovenia, the second source claims that far the most observations come from these two countries. Also the information about hairiness of the plants, for example, differ in literature. The plants on my pictures have short but distinctive glandular hairs on their flower petioles. Hence they can't belong to Aquilegia vulgaris (Ref.: 1 and 2), which has no glandular hairs. Other traits point to somewhere in between both remaining alternatives. The color of flowers seems to me closer to 'violet-brown' than to 'deep-blue to violet-blue' (Ref.1) hence Aquilegia atrata; the leaflets of the second order are clearly cuneate (wedge-shaped) at the base - hence Aquilegia nigricans; stamens are protruding way out of the corolla hence Aquilegia atrata; bracts are very narrow (length/width = 3.5 -8.5(12) (Ref.: 1) hence Aquilegia nigricans; the size of the flowers fits somewhere in between both species. Based on quite regularly cuneate leaflets I decided that the plant are closer to Aquilegia nigricans. Ref:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 267.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 147. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 57.(6) euromed.luomus.fi/euromed_map.php?taxon=347328&size=m... (accessed Jan.28. 2020)(7) www.gbif.org/species/3930143/metrics (accessed Jan.28. 2020)

Aquilegia nigricans cf. Baumg., syn: Aquilegia haenkeana Koch, Aquilegia ullepitschii Pax, Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. nigricans (Baumg.) Domin, Aquilegia vulgaris var. nigricans (Baumg.) SchurFamily: RanunculaceaeEN: Bulgarian columbine, DE: Drsige Akelei Slo: velecvetna orlicaDat.: June 3. 2019 and June 6. 2019Lat.: 46.357076 Long.: 13.701260Code: Bot_1206/2019_DSC07479 and Bot_1208/2019_DSC07589Habitat: grassland, under a canopy of a Salix eleagnos; river bank; locally flat terrain; partly in shade; alluvial, calcareous ground; elevation 530 m; average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C; alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, about 80 m upstream from the bridge to the farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Genus Aquilegia is one of the most beautiful of all known to me. All wild species in Slovenia have quite large and, before all, imagination full shape of the flowers. No wonder, there are many cultivars in use in gardens all over the world. In Slovenia there grow five species. Two of them are endemic: Aquilegia einseleana and Aquilegia iulia. The first one is limited to South-East Alps. The second one had been long time known as Aquilegia bertolonii Schott. & Verh.. It was only recently recognized as a separate species, which is endemic almost exclusively to the territory of Slovenia.Other three, that is Aquilegia vulgaris, Aquilegia nigricans and Aquilegia atrata are all +/- common plants, but frequently quite a hard nut to be properly separated. All of them are more of less of the same height, all of them have similar flowers and they all are very variable in shape and color of their flowers. Often intermediary forms are found and hybrids are also frequent. Ambiguities exist also in the literature. For example: if one looks at the distribution map of Aquilegia nigricans in the Euro+Med Plantbase (Ref.: 6) and in GBIF (the Global Biodiversity Information Facility) (Ref.: 7), one gets two completely different pictures. The firs source claims the species is absent from Austria and Slovenia, the second source claims that far the most observations come from these two countries. Also the information about hairiness of the plants, for example, differ in literature. The plants on my pictures have short but distinctive glandular hairs on their flower petioles. Hence they can't belong to Aquilegia vulgaris (Ref.: 1 and 2), which has no glandular hairs. Other traits point to somewhere in between both remaining alternatives. The color of flowers seems to me closer to 'violet-brown' than to 'deep-blue to violet-blue' (Ref.1) hence Aquilegia atrata; the leaflets of the second order are clearly cuneate (wedge-shaped) at the base - hence Aquilegia nigricans; stamens are protruding way out of the corolla hence Aquilegia atrata; bracts are very narrow (length/width = 3.5 -8.5(12) (Ref.: 1) hence Aquilegia nigricans; the size of the flowers fits somewhere in between both species. Based on quite regularly cuneate leaflets I decided that the plant are closer to Aquilegia nigricans. Ref:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 267.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 147. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 186.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 142.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 57.(6) euromed.luomus.fi/euromed_map.php?taxon=347328&size=m... (accessed Jan.28. 2020)(7) www.gbif.org/species/3930143/metrics (accessed Jan.28. 2020)