Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من AmphibiaWeb articles
Adults 60-80 mm. Tibiotarsal articulation reaches at most the nostril. Hand without webbing, foot completely webbed. Terminal discs of fingers and toes strongly enlarged. Tympanum rather indistinct and small (1/4 of eye diameter). Dorsal skin smooth. Colour olive greenish, especially in subadults, to brown, with lighter or darker indistinct markings. Ventrally white, often with dark spots or marblings on throat and chest. Males without femoral glands. Similar species: This large species can easily be mistaken with Mantidactylus grandidieri and M. guttulatus which, however, have less expanded discs on fingers and toes. Smaller specimens can also be mistaken with Spinomantis microtis which occurs in south-eastern Madagascar as well but appears to be confined to higher elevations. Juveniles may also be confused with Mantidactylus lugubris and related species which can occur syntopically.Taken with permission from Glaw and Vences (2007).
Nussbaum, R., Raxworthy, C., and Andreone, F. (2008). Boehmantis microtympanum. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 22 April 2009.
- مؤلف
- Miguel Vences
- مؤلف
- Frank Glaw
Distribution and Habitat
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من AmphibiaWeb articles
Ambana, Andohahela, Bekazaha, Chaines Anosyennes, Isaka-Ivondro, Manantantely, Nahampoana, Soavala. It occurs between 50-1,000m asl in degraded and pristine forest and open area next to relict forest (Nussbaum et al. 2008).
- مؤلف
- Miguel Vences
- مؤلف
- Frank Glaw
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من AmphibiaWeb articles
Endangered because its area of occupancy is less than 500km2, all individuals are in fewer than five locations, and there is likely to be continuing decline in the extent and quality of its forest habitat in southeastern Madagascar. It occurs in the Andohahela and Midongy-du-Sud National Parks (Nussbaum et al. 2008).
- مؤلف
- Miguel Vences
- مؤلف
- Frank Glaw
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من AmphibiaWeb articles
Habits: Often found on large stones in torrents. Mainly active at night, but sometimes found jumping on the stones in the afternoon, together with M. lugubris. Call: Unknown. The frogs live in very noisy torrents, and considering the reduced tympanum, M. microtympanum may be a non-calling species.Eggs and tadpoles: Unknown. Juveniles, already with a visible, very small tympanum, and a SVL of 16 mm, were found in January at Nahampoana. Breeding takes place in fast-flowing, rocky streams (Nussbaum et al. 2008).
- مؤلف
- Miguel Vences
- مؤلف
- Frank Glaw
Biology
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Arkive
A relatively sedentary species, Angel's Madagascar frog spends the majority of the time perched on a rock or boulder nearby or within a turbulent stream. Nevertheless, when disturbed this species demonstrates impressive energy, leaping from its rocky refuge into the water and skittering along the surface before clambering out onto another emergent object (2). Angel's Madagascar frog generally commences activity at dusk, or occasionally in the late afternoon, continuing throughout the night (2) (3). During this time it hunts for insects, small freshwater crustaceans and smaller frogs, devouring its prey whole. Although Angel's Madagascar frog is active throughout the year, its growth slows during the dry season (March to September), when temperatures are lower and food is less abundant (4).
Like most other frogs, the life-cycle of Angel's Madagascar frog consists of an aquatic, gilled tadpole phase, and an air-breathing adult phase (2) (5). The female lays over 300 eggs, usually within a shallow pool on the surface of a rock, which are fertilised by the male and swell into a gelatinous mass. Once hatched, the tadpoles are believed to remain in the pool or enter the stream, where they eventually metamorphose into juvenile frogs (2). The male Angel's Madagascar frog reaches sexual maturity at about two years old, around a year earlier than the female. This is a useful reproductive strategy as it allows the females to reach a larger size, where they are capable of producing a greater amount of eggs (4). This species has a relatively long lifespan reaching up to seven years (2).
Conservation
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Arkive
While there are no known conservation measures specifically targeting Angel's Madagascar frog, it is found in two protected areas, the Andohahela and Midongy-du-Sud National Parks (1). Nevertheless, increased protection of this species' habitat, along with educational programs to inform local people of how best to manage the forests sustainably, are vital measures that must be implemented if Angel's Madagascar frog is to be conserved (6).
Angel's Madagascar frog is one of nearly 2,000 species of amphibian worldwide threatened with extinction. Having produced the comprehensive Global Amphibian Assessment, which assesses the conservation status of all known amphibian species, the IUCN is now working towards mitigating threats to these species through the creation of the Amphibian Action Conservation Plan (7) (8).
Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Arkive
With marbled greyish or greenish-brown upperparts, the large-bodied Angel's Madagascar frog is perfectly camouflaged amongst the mossy, granite rocks of its preferred habitat (2) (3). In contrast to the upperparts, the belly is white, with scattered dark spots becoming denser around the throat. The eyes are large and prominent with a golden or brownish-copper iris speckled with black, while the area around eye and upper lip is marked with whitish spots. The hind feet of Angel's Madagascar frog are fully webbed, and each digit has a swollen, white tip, enabling this species to cling to moist rocks amongst fast-flowing water. Interestingly, the external ear drum of Angel's Madagascar frog is much smaller than in most frog species and, in addition, it is not known to produce any vocalisations. This may reflect the fact that hearing is not a particularly important sense for this species, as it lives amidst the continuous, loud noise of rushing water (2).
Habitat
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Arkive
Angel's Madagascar frog is found in and around fast-flowing rocky streams within undisturbed, as well as degraded, areas of humid, mature forest (1), between elevations of 50 and 1,120 metres (2).
Range
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Arkive
Angel's Madagascar frog is endemic to Madagascar, where it is restricted to just five locations within an area of less than 500 square kilometres in the extreme south-east of the island (1).
Status
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Arkive
Classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List (1).
Threats
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Arkive
Owing to its restricted range, Angel's Madagascar frog is highly vulnerable to the ongoing, large-scale degradation and destruction of forest that is occurring in south-east Madagascar. Although this species remains relatively abundant at some localities, a multitude of threats including expanding human settlements, agriculture, logging, livestock grazing, charcoal manufacture and the spread of invasive eucalyptus, are causing its population to decline. The pressures have already proven severe enough to cause local extinctions around Fort Dauphin, near the southern limit of this species' range. (1).
Mantidactylus microtympanum
(
الكتالونية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia CA
Mantidactylus microtympanum: Brief Summary
(
الكتالونية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia CA
Mantidactylus microtympanum és una espècie de granota endèmica de Madagascar.
Està en perill d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.
Boehmantis
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Boehmantis is a genus of frogs in the mantellid subfamily Mantellinae. It is monotypic, being represented by a single species, Boehmantis microtympanum.[4][5] The genus is endemic to Madagascar.[4]
Taxonomy
Boehmantis microtympanum was originally described in the genus Mantidactylus by Fernand Angel. The species was transferred to its own genus, Boehmantis, by Frank Glaw and Miguel Vences. This was justified using molecular data as well as by the lack of femoral glands, which are present in all other species in the subfamily Mantellinae.[2][3]
Etymology
The generic name honours Wolfgang Böhme, German herpetologist.[2]
Description
Boehmantis microtympanum are relatively large frogs, with adults measuring 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) in snout–vent length. The tympanum is rather indistinct and small. The finger and toe tips bear well-developed discs; the fingers have no webbing whereas the toes are fully webbed. Dorsal skin is smooth. The dorsal colouration varies from olive greenish to—especially in subadults—brown, with lighter or darker indistinct markings. The ventral parts are white, often with dark spots or marblings on the throat and chest.[2][6]
This species is not known to be able to call.[2]
Distribution and habitat
This species is endemic to southeastern Madagascar and is known from Midongy du sud National Park south to Andohahela National Park.[1][7] It occurs in pristine and degraded forests, usually in mature ones, with one record from an open area next to a relict forest. It lives in fast-flowing, rocky streams at elevations of 50–1,000 m (160–3,280 ft) above sea level.[1]
Conservation status
Boehmantis microtympanum is currently considered Vulnerable by the IUCN due to its limited range and ongoing habitat destruction. Nevertheless, it is locally common and occurs in two national parks (Midongy du sud and Andohahela) as well as in Tsitongambarika Classified Forest.[1]
References
-
^ a b c d IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2016). "Boehmantis microtympanum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T57505A84174507. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T57505A84174507.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
-
^ a b c d e Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel (2006). "Phylogeny and genus-level classification of mantellid frogs (Amphibia, Anura)". Organisms, Diversity & Evolution. 6 (3): 236–253. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2005.12.001.
-
^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2021). "Boehmantis microtympanum (Angel, 1935)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
-
^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2021). "Boehmantis Glaw and Vences, 2006". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
-
^ "Mantellidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
-
^ "Boehmantis microtympanum". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
-
^ Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel (2007). A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar (3rd ed.). Cologne, Germany: Vences & Glaw Verlags. ISBN 978-3929449037.
Boehmantis: Brief Summary
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Boehmantis is a genus of frogs in the mantellid subfamily Mantellinae. It is monotypic, being represented by a single species, Boehmantis microtympanum. The genus is endemic to Madagascar.
Boehmantis microtympanum
(
الإسبانية، القشتالية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia ES
Boehmantis microtympanum es una especie de anfibios de la familia Mantellidae y única representante del género Boehmantis.[1]
Distribución geográfica y hábitat
Es endémica de Madagascar. Su rango altitudinal oscila entre 50 y 1000 msnm. Su hábitat natural incluye bosques bajos y secos, montanos tropicales o subtropicales secos, ríos y zonas previamente boscosas ahora muy degradadas. Está amenazada por la pérdida de su hábitat natural.
Referencias
-
↑ Glaw, F. & M. Vences. 2006. Phylogeny and genus-level classification of mantellid frogs (Amphibia, Anura). Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 6: 236–253.
- Frost, D.R. «Boehmantis microtympanum ». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural. Consultado el 10 de junio de 2015.
- Nussbaum, R., Raxworthy, C.J. & Andreone, F. 2008. Boehmantis microtympanum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. Acceso: 10 de junio de 2015.
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Boehmantis microtympanum: Brief Summary
(
الإسبانية، القشتالية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia ES
Boehmantis microtympanum es una especie de anfibios de la familia Mantellidae y única representante del género Boehmantis.
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Boehmantis microtympanum
(
الباسكية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Boehmantis microtympanum: Brief Summary
(
الباسكية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EU
Boehmantis microtympanum Boehmantis generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Mantellidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
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Boehmantis microtympanum
(
الفرنسية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia FR
Boehmantis microtympanum, unique représentant du genre Boehmantis, est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Mantellidae[1].
Répartition
![src=]()
Aire de répartition de
Boehmantis microtympanum.
Cette espèce est endémique de Madagascar. Elle se rencontre entre 50 et 1 000 m d'altitude l'extrême Sud-Est de l'île du parc national d'Andohahela à celui de Midongy du Sud[1],[2].
Description
Boehmantis microtympanum mesure de 60 à 80 mm. Son dos est vert avec des marbrures brunes. S'agissant d'une espèce aquatique, cette coloration, aux allures de granite, lui assure un camouflage avec les cailloux présents sur le fond des ruisseaux. Sa gorge présente parfois deux barres sombres (comme c'est également le cas chez Mantidactylus femoralis, espèce de la même sous-famille). La peau de son dos est légèrement granuleuse[3].
Étymologie
Le nom de ce genre est formé à partir de Boeh, en l'honneur de Wolfgang Böhme, et du mot grec mantis, la rainette[4].
Publications originales
- Angel, 1935 : Batraciens nouveaux de Madagascar récoltés par M. R. Catala. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, vol. 60, p. 202-207.
- Glaw & Vences, 2006 : Phylogeny and genus-level classification of mantellid frogs (Amphibia, Anura). Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, vol. 6, p. 236-253 (texte intégral).
Notes et références
-
↑ a et b Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
-
↑ UICN, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
-
↑ AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
-
↑ Glaw & Vences, 2006 : Phylogeny and genus-level classification of mantellid frogs (Amphibia, Anura). Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, vol. 6, p. 236-253 (texte intégral).
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Boehmantis microtympanum: Brief Summary
(
الفرنسية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia FR
Boehmantis microtympanum, unique représentant du genre Boehmantis, est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Mantellidae.
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Boehmantis microtympanum
(
الإيطالية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia IT
Boehmantis microtympanum (Angel, 1935) è una rana della famiglia Mantellidae, endemica del Madagascar. È l'unica specie nota del genere Boehmantis.[2]
Descrizione
Biologia
Distribuzione e habitat
Questa specie ha un areale stimato di poco più di 5.000 km2 nella parte sud-orientale del Madagascar.[1]
Note
-
^ a b (EN) IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2016, Boehmantis microtympanum, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 17 agosto 2017.
-
^ (EN) Frost D.R. et al., Boehmantis microtympanum, in Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0, New York, American Museum of Natural History, 2014. URL consultato il 17 agosto 2017.
Bibliografia
- Glaw F. and Vences M., Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar, 3rd edition, Köln, M. Vences and F. Glaw Verlags GbR., 2007.
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Boehmantis microtympanum: Brief Summary
(
الإيطالية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia IT
Boehmantis microtympanum (Angel, 1935) è una rana della famiglia Mantellidae, endemica del Madagascar. È l'unica specie nota del genere Boehmantis.
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Boehmantis microtympanum
(
البلجيكية الهولندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia NL
Herpetologie Boehmantis microtympanum is een kikker uit de familie gouden kikkers (Mantellidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Angel in 1935. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Mantidactylus microtympanum gebruikt. Het is de enige soort uit het geslacht Boehmantis.[2]
Uiterlijke kenmerken
De lengte is ongeveer 6 tot 8 centimeter, de kleur is groen tot bruin met een marmertekening die lijkt op de ondergrond waar de soort voorkomt. De onderzijde is wit van kleur en gevlekt, vooral bij de keel. Het tympanum is ongeveer een-vierde zo groot als het oog. De voorpoten hebben geen zwemvliezen, de achterpoten juist goed ontwikkelde vliezen tussen de tenen. Juveniele exemplaren zijn makkelijk te verwarren met bepaalde Mantella- soorten.
Verspreiding en habitat
Boehmantis microtympanum komt voor in Afrika en is endemisch op het eiland Madagaskar.[3] De soort komt voor in berggebieden in het oosten van het land. De habitat bestaat uit beekjes waar de kikker vaak op stenen wordt aangetroffen. De soort is nachtactief maar wordt ook wel in de namiddag aangetroffen.
Voortplanting
Over de voortplanting is weinig bekend; er zijn nog nooit legsels of kikkervisjes gevonden, eitjes uit opengesneden vrouwtjes zijn relatief groot.
Zie ook
- Referenties
- Bronnen
-
(en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Boehmantis microtympanum - Website Geconsulteerd 24 januari 2017
-
(en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Boehmantis microtympanum - Website
Boehmantis microtympanum: Brief Summary
(
البلجيكية الهولندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia NL
Boehmantis microtympanum is een kikker uit de familie gouden kikkers (Mantellidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Angel in 1935. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Mantidactylus microtympanum gebruikt. Het is de enige soort uit het geslacht Boehmantis.
Boehmantis microtympanum
(
البولندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia POL
Boehmantis microtympanum – gatunek płaza bezogonowego z rodziny mantellowatych.
Systematyka
Boehmantis microtympanum zalicza się do rodziny mantellowatych, a w jej obrębie do podrodziny Mantellinae[2].
Budowa
Płaz mierzy od 6,0 do 8,0 cm[1].
Zwierzę ubariowne jest oliwkowozielonkawo do brązów. Ten pierwszy typ spotyka się szczególnie u młodych osobników. Zabarwienie nie jest jednolite, lecz pokryte niewyraźnymi plamkami barwy jaśniejszej bądź ciemniejszej od podłoża. Ciemne plamki pokrywają także spodnią stronę ciała płaza, jaśniejszą od grzbietowej, w obrębie gardła i klatki piersiowej. Skóra pokrywająca grzbiet zwierzęcia odznacza się gładkością[1].
Błona bębenkowa jest widoczna, ale niezbyt duża. Jej średnica stanowi ćwierć średnicy oka. Może to świadczyć o tym, że gatunek, żyjących wśród głośnych strumieni, nie nawołuje[1].
Kończyna przednia nie wytwarza błony pławnej. Gruczoły udowe samców nie występują. Staw skokowy sięga nozdrzy. Stopa objęta jest kopmletną błoną pławną. Opuszki wieńczące palce obu par kończyn są powiększone[1].
Vences i Glaw zwracają uwagę na podobieństwo tego płaza do Mantidactylus grandidieri, Mantidactylus guttulatus (B. microtympanum ma lepiej wyrażone opuszki palców), Spinomantis microtis, Mantidactylus lugubris (dotyczy to młodszych przedstawicieli opisywanego tu gatunku)[1].
Cykl życiowy
Zwierzę prowadzi rozród w kamienistych strumieniach o wartkim nurcie[2]. Jego aktywność przypada na czas nocny. Widuje się wtedy tego płaza usadowionego na kamieniu. Niekiedy też obserwowano skaczące z kamieni osobniki porą popołudniową[1].
Nauka nie zna jaj ani kijanek tego gatunku. Natomiast w okolicy Nahampoana obserwowano osobniki młodociane. Było to w styczniu. Żabki mierzyły 1,6 cm (odległość od czubka pysku do ujścia kloaki). Ich błona bębenkowa była już dostrzegalna, choć cechowała się bardzo małą wielkością[1]
Rozmieszczenie geograficzne
Gatunek jest endemitem spotykanym tylko na Madagaskarze. jego zasięg występowania jest niewielki, onbejmuje tylko tereny połozone na południowym wschodzie wyspy. Leżą one pomiędzy Midongy-Sud i Andohahela[2]. Vences i Glaw wymieniają następujące mijesca: Ambana, Andohahela, Bekazaha, Chaines Anosyennes, Isaka-Ivondro, Manantantely, Nahampoana, Soavala; w sumie zbiera się to na mniej niż 5 odrębnych lokalizacji. Obszar ten ni sięga nawet 500 km²[1].
Ekologia
Zwierzę bytuje na wysokościach od 50 do 1.000 m nad poziomem morza[2].
Siedlisko (biologia tego płaza stanowią lasy, zarówno dziewicze, jak i wtórne, zdegradowane na skutek działań ludzkich. IUCN wspomina jednak o napotkaniu osobnika na tereni otwartym, w okolicy reliktowqego lasu[2]. Zwierzę zamieszkuje wartkie, głośne, kamieniste strumienie wraz z M. lugubris[1].
Zagrożenia i ochrona
IUCN uważa gatunek za lokalnie pospolity. Zauważa jednak, że w pewnych okolicach nieopodal Fort Dauphin płaz wyginął. W efekcie całkowita liczebność gatunku ulega spadkowi[2].
IUCN wymmienia liczne zagrożenia negatywnie wpływające na gatunek. Podaje rozwój rolnictwa, pozysk drewna i węgla drzewnego, wypas zwierząt godpodarskich, osadnictwo ludzkie, rozprzestrzenienie się inwazyjnych eukaliptusów. Z kolei odłów w celach kulinarnych organizacja uznaje za jedynie lokalne zagrożenie[2]. AmphobiaWeb piórem Vencesa i Glawa wspomina o deforestacji związanej z fragmentacją środowiska, podaje też prócz wyżej wymienionych zbiór jako zwierząt domowych oraz urbanizację[1].
Bezogonowy zamieszkuje tereny chronione, jak Parki Narodowe Andohahela i Midongy-du-Sud[2].
Przypisy
Rodziny płazów bezogonowych
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Boehmantis microtympanum: Brief Summary
(
البولندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia POL
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Mantidactylus microtympanum
(
البرتغالية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia PT
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Mantidactylus microtympanum: Brief Summary
(
البرتغالية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia PT
Mantidactylus microtympanum é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Mantellidae.
É endémica de Madagáscar.
Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude, regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude, rios e florestas secundárias altamente degradadas.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
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Mantidactylus microtympanum
(
الفيتنامية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia VI
Mantidactylus microtympanum là một loài ếch trong họ Mantellidae. Chúng là loài đặc hữu của Madagascar. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng ẩm ướt đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, sông, và các khu rừng trước đây bị suy thoái nặng nề. Loài này đang bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.
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Phương tiện liên quan tới Boehmantis microtympanum tại Wikimedia Commons
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Mantidactylus microtympanum: Brief Summary
(
الفيتنامية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia VI
Mantidactylus microtympanum là một loài ếch trong họ Mantellidae. Chúng là loài đặc hữu của Madagascar. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng ẩm ướt đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, sông, và các khu rừng trước đây bị suy thoái nặng nề. Loài này đang bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- حقوق النشر
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
