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The population size of E. coqui outnumbers all other frogs within the forests of Puerto Rico. The availability of shelter and nesting, when limited, is a factor in the population size of E. coqui. Worldwide, populations have increased as E. coqui have been introduced and established in Florida and the Hawaiian Islands through the importation of greenhouse plants from Puerto Rico.
Because E. coqui are commonly found living in human dominated landscapes, such as in homes and parks, they may function as a live-in pest control agent, removing unwanted insects from human homes.
Positive Impacts: controls pest population
Communication is primarily acoustic in E. coqui. Males emit a two part call, the first part, identified as "co", is a defensive and threatening call towards males, the second part or "qui" is the call that attracts females. If a male frog is in the surrounding vicinity the caller ceases the female attracting part of the call, leaving only the threatening "co" part of the call. Females are known to make a low rasping call in defense of feeding territories. Puerto Rican coquis perceive their environment with visual, chemical, tactile, and auditory senses.
Communication Channels: acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
The E. coqui population is currently identified as near threatened based on possible decline in population size which has been witnessed on the island of Puerto Rico in recent years. This is particularly true in the case of populations at higher altitudes. Threats to the population include pollution as well as pathogens such as chytridiomycosis (amphibian fungal disease). Conservation methods are in place for habitat protection but further action needs to be taken in the area of disease control and more complete population monitoring.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Development proceeds from larval form to froglet within the egg. The free-living tadpole stage is bypassed in development, allowing eggs to be laid in the absence of standing water. Clutches of eggs hatch within 8 weeks and reproductive maturity is reached within approximately one year. The genus Eleutherodactylus developes an egg tooth to free the young froglet from the egg.
Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis
Importation of exotic plant species from Puerto Rico resulted in the introduction of E. coqui to the mainland U.S. as well as Maui and Hawaii Islands. On the Hawaiian Islands, which contain no native frogs, people complain about the disturbance of the “ko-kee” call produced by males at night. There is concern that this disturbance may negatively affect the tourist and real estate industries. The introduction of this exotic species also negatively affects the native species present on the islands, with the potential to severely upset the native population of arthropods as well as native insectivorous bird populations. These frogs also provide a larger prey base for predators of native birds such as rats and mongoose which causes increased pressure on the bird population. Puerto Rican coquis have been shown to affect the nutrient cycling in leaf litter negatively.
Negative Impacts: household pest
Eleutherodactylus coqui is important to the health of the forest ecosystem. Large invertebrate predators, such as spiders, rely heavily on E. coqui for prey. Birds and snakes also rely on them for consumption. E. coqui functions as a secondary predator, preying on ants and crickets, as well as a tertiary consumer, eating spiders and centipedes.
Puerto Rican coquis feed primarily on arthropods. Diet varies with size and age but not gender. Smaller, juvenile frogs eat smaller prey, such as ants. Larger frogs have a more diverse diet, including larger organisms such as spiders, moths, crickets, snails and even small frogs. It seems that more than half of the adult coqui’s diet is made up of roaches and crickets and the remaining half is made up of primarily ants, due to their abundance in the forest. Their mode of predation is the energy conserving ambush method. E. coqui individuals will sit on leaves, not moving at all, until the prey is very close, whereupon they strike. They often move less than 5 cm to reach prey in a strike. E. coqui often remain at profitable foraging sites throughout the night.
Animal Foods: amphibians; insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods; mollusks
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
Puerto Rican coquis, Eleutherodactylus coqui, are found naturally in Puerto Rico up to elevations of 1,200m. They have been introduced to southern Florida, Hawaii, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Introduced ); neotropical (Native ); oceanic islands (Introduced )
Puerto Rican coquis occur in abundance throughout Puerto Rico in terrestrial areas except for the driest regions of the island. They are often found in cohabitation with humans, such as in homes and parks, because of their unrestricted habitat use. Commonly used natural habitats include humid mountain forest at elevations less than 1,200 m and dry forest. Within forests, E. coqui are found at all elevations from the understory to the canopy.
Range elevation: 0 to 1,200 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest
Other Habitat Features: urban ; suburban ; agricultural
Maximum lifespan of E. coqui is not known but individuals have been found in the wild up to 6 years old. An estimated 94% of adult individuals do not live past their first year.
Range lifespan
Status: wild: 6 (high) years.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 1 (high) years.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: < 1 years.
Eleutherodactylus coqui is described as a small tree frog, however it is the largest frog species in the forests of Puerto Rico, with adults from 24 to 55 mm. Females are larger than males and location also greatly affects size: the higher the elevation, the larger the individual. Both males and females are light brown in color with grey or tan markings on the dorsum and a light gray underside. The toes are individual and non-webbed with large disks on the underside of each toe. These pads contain a sticky surface which allows them to ascend trees and leaves.
Range mass: 54 to 117 g.
Range length: 24 to 55 mm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
Predators of E. coqui include native birds, snakes (Puerto Rican racer, Alsophis portoricensis) as well as large arthropods such as spiders (giant crab spider, Olios sp.). Giant crab spiders will attack and kill E. coqui by jump attack and lethal injection. When threatened, E. coqui juveniles take refuge in the leaf litter and undergrowth on the forest floor. Adult coquis are camouflaged in the foliage of the forest by their markings and sedentary habits.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Males emit a two part call consisting of a "co" which is used when threatened by another male and the "qui" which attracts females . Once a nesting territory is established, males and females fight off intruders by chasing, jump attacks, and sometimes biting. This territorial behavior is exhibited by males as well as females.
Eleutherodactylus coqui reproduce year round, but reproduction rates increase during the rainy season. Fertilization occurs internally in the female and approximately 3-45 eggs are laid in the nest. Clutches are laid approximately every 8 weeks. E. coqui embryos do not emerge as tadpoles, but develop directly into froglets and emerge approximately 17 to 26 days after the eggs are laid. The male remains to guard the nest for many days after froglets hatch. The absence of the tadpole stage allows nesting to occur in dry sites devoid of standing water. Nesting sites occur in protected cavities such as tree holes and the petioles of rolled palms. Abandoned bird nests are also utilized by E. coqui for nesting sites. The bananaquit (Coereba flaveola portoricensis), Puerto Rican bullfinch (Loxigilla portoricensis) and Puerto Rican tody (Todus mexicanus) are all birds which share nests with E. coqui.
Breeding interval: Clutches are laid approximately every 8 weeks throughout the year.
Breeding season: Puerto Rican coquis breed throughout the year and more frequently during the rainy season.
Range number of offspring: 3 to 45.
Average number of offspring: 27.
Range time to hatching: 17 to 26 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); oviparous
Males are primary caretakers of eggs. They offer protection from predators as well as ensure that eggs are moist through contact with their skin. Males will leave the nest during extremely dry periods in order to collect moisture for the egg clutch.
Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Protecting: Male)
Bezblanka koki (Eleutherodactylus coqui) je druh žáby pocházející z ostrova Portoriko, který se jako invazní druh rozšířil na další antilské ostrovy, do Střední Ameriky a na Havaj.
Dosahují délky 3-5 cm, samice jsou o něco větší, rozměry také narůstají s nadmořskou výškou.[2] Základní zbarvení je šedohnědé. Obývají vlhké broméliové lesy, hustota populace činí na Portoriku až dvacet tisíc jedinců na hektar. Aktivní jsou v noci, živí se převážně můrami, pavouky a mravenci, objevují se i případy kanibalismu. K vývoji nepotřebují vodu: vajíčka kladou na mokré listy, do mechu nebo do opuštěných hnízd todiů a samci je hlídají před predátory. U bezblanek proto neexistuje stadium pulce a z vajíček se rodí již plně vyvinutí jedinci.
Český i vědecký rodový název pochází od toho, že bezblanky jako jediné žáby nemají plovací blány mezi prsty. Druhové jméno poukazuje na charakteristické volání samců, dosahující síly až sto decibelů. Slabikou ko zastrašují soupeře, kdežto ki je určeno k vábení samiček.[3]
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu bezblanka koki ve Wikimedia Commons
Bezblanka koki (Eleutherodactylus coqui) je druh žáby pocházející z ostrova Portoriko, který se jako invazní druh rozšířil na další antilské ostrovy, do Střední Ameriky a na Havaj.
Dosahují délky 3-5 cm, samice jsou o něco větší, rozměry také narůstají s nadmořskou výškou. Základní zbarvení je šedohnědé. Obývají vlhké broméliové lesy, hustota populace činí na Portoriku až dvacet tisíc jedinců na hektar. Aktivní jsou v noci, živí se převážně můrami, pavouky a mravenci, objevují se i případy kanibalismu. K vývoji nepotřebují vodu: vajíčka kladou na mokré listy, do mechu nebo do opuštěných hnízd todiů a samci je hlídají před predátory. U bezblanek proto neexistuje stadium pulce a z vajíček se rodí již plně vyvinutí jedinci.
Český i vědecký rodový název pochází od toho, že bezblanky jako jediné žáby nemají plovací blány mezi prsty. Druhové jméno poukazuje na charakteristické volání samců, dosahující síly až sto decibelů. Slabikou ko zastrašují soupeře, kdežto ki je určeno k vábení samiček.
The common coquí or coquí (Eleutherodactylus coqui) is a species of frog endemic to Puerto Rico belonging to the family Eleutherodactylidae. The species is named for the loud call the males make at night. This sound serves two purposes. "CO" serves to repel other males and establish territory while the "KEE" serves to attract females.[2] Since the auditory systems of males and females respond preferentially to different notes of the male call, this is an example of a sex difference in a sensory system. The common coquí is a very important aspect of Puerto Rican culture, and it has become an unofficial territorial symbol of Puerto Rico.
The common coquí was described as a species new to science by Richard Thomas in 1966.[3] It belongs to the genus Eleutherodactylus which in Greek means free toes. This family is also known as the "robber" or "thief" frogs. This genus contains 185 species, which are found in the Southern United States, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. It is part of the order Anura, which includes all frogs and toads. The scientific name of the common coquí, Eleutherodactylus coqui, was first described by Spanish naturalist José Félix de Arroyo de la Cuesta in 1875 (Arroyo de la Cuesta, 1875). The genus Eleutherodactylus, of which the common coquí is a member, is the largest genus of frogs in the world, with over 700 known species. The common coquí is closely related to other members of the Eleutherodactylidae family, including the Eleutherodactylus jasperi and the Eleutherodactylus portoricensis. These species are all native to Puerto Rico and are distinguished from each other by their physical characteristics and vocalizations (Joglar and López, 1997). This taxonomic classification reflects the evolutionary relationships between the common coquí and other species within the animal kingdom.
Full-grown male coquís measure, from snout to vent, from 30 to 37 mm, with an average of 34 mm, while full-grown females measure from 36 to 52 mm, with an average of 41 mm. The location of the frog also effects the size, for example the higher the elevation, the larger the coquis become. The size differences between sexes are a result of additional energy consumption related to breeding behavior by males.[4]
Coquís are muddy-brown in mottled coloration on the top with rust-tan flanks and a light-gray belly. As tree frogs, Coquís possess sticky pads on the tips of their toes which help them adhere to moistened or slippery surfaces[5] They do not possess webbed feet and are not adapted to swimming.
The known lifespan of the common coquí is up to 6 years in the wild, but the majority of adults do not live past one year. It is generally thought that the species has a relatively short lifespan, with most individuals living for less than a year. In a study of the population dynamics of the common coquí, researchers found that the species has a high mortality rate, with only a small proportion of individuals surviving to reach adulthood. This high mortality is likely due to a variety of factors, including predation, disease, and competition for resources.
The common coquis are nocturnal and their behavior is influenced by the surrounding environment, specifically the moisture levels. When humidity levels rise at night they emerge and begin climbing to their homes in the canopy. As these humidity levels decrease they move back down to lower levels where the humidity is higher. The younger coqui populations live in the understory on leaves during the drier periods. The leaves are particularly common with this population because they provide protection from invaders. As they grow into adulthood, the coquis journey up to the canopy and begin the process stated above.[6]
A comparative behavioral study between frog species identified possible explanation for jump and hydration level correlations. The paper, "Water loss, cutaneous resistance, and effects of dehydration on locomotion of Eleutherodactylus frogs," examines the effects of water loss and dehydration on two species of neotropical frogs, the common coquí and the cave coquí (Eleutherodactylus cooki). The researchers found that jumping performance declined with an increase in water loss and a longer duration of exposure to dehydrating conditions. The common coquí, which occupies a wider range of habitats, including dry forests, had a slightly higher rate of water loss and lower cutaneous resistance than the cave coquí. However, these differences were not significant enough to explain the different geographic distributions of the two species. The study suggests that behavioral adaptations, rather than physiological differences, may play a role in the common coquí's ability to survive in drier habitats.[7]
Common coquís are native to the islands of Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra, where they are widespread and abundant; the only notable exception occurs in Puerto Rican dry forests, where the species is rarer. The common coquí is the most abundant frog in Puerto Rico, with densities estimated at 20,000 individuals/ha.[8] Densities fluctuate depending on the season and habitat. Generally, densities are higher during the latter half of the wet season and decrease during the dry season.[9] The species is considered a habitat generalist, occurring in a wide range of habitats, including mesic broadleaf forests, mountains, and urban areas, found in bromeliads, tree holes, and under trunks, rocks or trash.[10] Since the species does not require bodies of water to reproduce, they can be found on most altitudes, provided sufficient moisture is available. In Puerto Rico, they are found from sea level to a maximum of 1,200 m (3,900 ft). Adults generally tend to be found at higher altitudes than juveniles.
The common coquís are often found in cohabitation with humans. Because of their unrestricted habitat use, E. coquí can commonly be found in homes and parks. E. coquí are found in natural habitats including the human mountain forest at elevations less than 1,200 meters and in the dry forest. They are found specifically within the under story of forests at all elevations up to the canopy.[11]
The species has been introduced to Colombia,[12] Hawaii in the United States, and the Virgin Islands.[13][14] It has become a densely populated invasive species in the Hawaiian Islands, where it was accidentally introduced in the late 1980s, most likely as a stowaway on potted plants, and quickly established itself on all four major islands. It is now considered a pest species by the State of Hawaii,[15] and is on a list of 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species.[16] As an invasive species, it can reach up to 91,000 individuals/ha, almost 5 times its maximum density in its native Puerto Rico.[17] Higher densities in its invaded range are likely bolstered by a release from native predators, lack of interspecific competitors, and abundant food availability. In Hawaii, they have been found at a maximum of 1,170 m (3,840 ft) above sea level.[18] They were previously introduced in the Dominican Republic[19] and to Louisiana and Florida, but these populations have now been eradicated.
Common coquís in areas where their density exceeds 51,000/ha could consume over 300,000 invertebrates per night. Because of their large populations, Hawaii worries about both economic and ecological impacts. The common coquí currently costs this state nearly 3 million dollars a year. Its spread has been commonly through the nursery trade, and as a result many people are reluctant to buy plants from nurseries that might be infected. Those began to perform quarantines and de-infestations in order to improve their prospects. Coquis also affect real estate values in residential neighborhoods, as many refrain from buying houses where their sleep would be disturbed by the up to 73 dB call of the common coquí.[20]
Invasive management practices against the common coquí frog aim to control and reduce the population of this species in areas where it has been introduced, such as Hawaii. Preventative measures include banning the intentional transport of frogs, as well as the implementation of hot-water shower treatments on ornamental plants to kill coquí eggs, subadults, and adults. This can reduce the potential spread of the species through the trade of plants. Physical control methods, such as hand-capture, can be effective for small populations of common coquí frogs. Chemical control methods, such as the use of caffeine and water solutions, are also being tested for their efficacy in controlling the species on a larger scale. Citric acid has also been suggested as a potential control method, although its efficacy has not been demonstrated. Overall, a variety of management practices are being explored and implemented in order to control and reduce the population of common coquí frogs in invaded areas.[21]
The common coquí is a generalist nocturnal predator, which can consume, as a population, 114,000 invertebrates each night per hectare.[8] Diets vary depending on age and size, but are primarily composed of arthropods. Juveniles consume smaller prey, such as ants, while adults consume more varied diets that include spiders, moths, crickets, snails, and small frogs.[8] The frogs are opportunistic sit-and-wait predators, and will forage on any abundant prey items. Males will occasionally consume eggs from their own clutch, likely to provide supplemental nourishment while guarding their nests.
Calling males eat less prey than quiet males, which consume most of their food by midnight, while calling males had eaten only 18% of their food by the same hour.[22]
Common coquís reproduce over the entire year, but breeding activity peaks around the wet season. Females usually lay between 16 and 40 eggs, four to six times each year, at about eight-week intervals. Eggs are guarded from predators—other common coquís and Subulina snails—by the males.[4] The gestation period of coquís is from 17 to 26 days. The maturation period, the time from egg to reproductive coquí, is around eight months.
Unlike most frogs, which lay their eggs in water, coquís lay their eggs on palm tree leaves or other terrestrial plants. Abandoned bird nests are also used as nests by E. coqui. The bananaquit, Puerto Rican bullfinch and Puerto Rican tody share nests with the coquí.[18] This method of reproduction allows the coquí to live in forests, mountains and other habitats without direct dependency on water. Since eggs are laid on land, coquís bypass the tadpole stage, proceeding to develop limbs within their eggs, rather than going through a metamorphosis as a larva in water. Thus, a fully independent froglet emerges from the egg, with a small tail that is lost shortly after. This stage of direct development has allowed the coqui to become a successful terrestrial colonizer in tropical areas. Eggs hatch within eight weeks and reach reproductive maturity within one year. The common coqui releases their young from the egg using an egg tooth that the genus Eleutherodactylus forms. Both males and females fight off intruders from their nests by jumping, chasing and sometimes biting. The males are the primary caretakers of the eggs. They offer protection and moist environments through skin contact. They will leave during very dry periods in order to collect more moisture for their offspring.[23]
Males begin their mating calls by perching above ground level.[24]
The coqui's call (or canto in Spanish) is used both as a way of attracting a mate and to establish a territorial boundary. A coqui may enter another's territory and challenge the incumbent by starting his call, at which point they may engage in a sort of singing duel (which can last for several minutes). The first to falter in keeping up with the cadence is considered the loser and leaves the area without resorting to physical violence. This behavior is consistent across different species (which have distinctive calls), so it is possible to hear a duel where one coqui sings "COQUI" and another "COQUIRIQUI".
The common coquí or coquí (Eleutherodactylus coqui) is a species of frog endemic to Puerto Rico belonging to the family Eleutherodactylidae. The species is named for the loud call the males make at night. This sound serves two purposes. "CO" serves to repel other males and establish territory while the "KEE" serves to attract females. Since the auditory systems of males and females respond preferentially to different notes of the male call, this is an example of a sex difference in a sensory system. The common coquí is a very important aspect of Puerto Rican culture, and it has become an unofficial territorial symbol of Puerto Rico.
"Sound of coqui" Problems playing this file? See media help.
El coquí común o coquí (Eleutherodactylus coqui) es una especie de anfibio anuro nativa de Puerto Rico perteneciente a la familia Eleutherodactylidae. La especie recibe el nombre común por la llamada que los machos producen. Este sonido sirve a dos propósitos: "CO" sirve para repeler a otros machos y establecer un territorio, mientras que el "QUI" sirve para atraer a las hembras.[3] El coquí común es un aspecto muy importante de la cultura de Puerto Rico y se ha convertido en un símbolo no oficial de la isla. Es una de las 81 especies que abarca la herpetofauna de Puerto Rico.
El coquí común fue descrito por R. Thomas, en 1966.[4] Pertenece al género Eleutherodactylus, que en griego significa dedos libres. El género contiene 185 especies que se encuentran desde el sur de los Estados Unidos, en América Central, y las Indias Occidentales.
Posee un desarrollo directo, sus huevos criados en tierra eclosionan directamente en rana pequeñas, saltando completamente la etapa de renacuajo.
El coquí común o coquí (Eleutherodactylus coqui) es una especie de anfibio anuro nativa de Puerto Rico perteneciente a la familia Eleutherodactylidae. La especie recibe el nombre común por la llamada que los machos producen. Este sonido sirve a dos propósitos: "CO" sirve para repeler a otros machos y establecer un territorio, mientras que el "QUI" sirve para atraer a las hembras. El coquí común es un aspecto muy importante de la cultura de Puerto Rico y se ha convertido en un símbolo no oficial de la isla. Es una de las 81 especies que abarca la herpetofauna de Puerto Rico.
Eleutherodactylus coqui Eleutherodactylus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Eleutherodactylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
Eleutherodactylus coqui Eleutherodactylus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Eleutherodactylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
Eleutherodactylus coqui est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Eleutherodactylidae[1].
Cette espèce est originellement endémique de Porto Rico[1]. Elle se rencontre du niveau de la mer à 1 200 m d'altitude.
Elle a été introduite aux îles Vierges américaines, au Costa Rica et aux États-Unis en Floride et à Hawaï.
Les femelles mesurent jusqu'à 52 mm[2].
Eleutherodactylus coqui est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Eleutherodactylidae.
Eleutherodactylus coqui é unha especie de ra endémica de Porto Rico, onde recibe o nome de coquí, que pertence á familia Eleutherodactylidae. O machos da especie fan unha forte chamada nocturna característica, que ten varios propósitos. A chamada "CO" serve para repeler outros machos e establecer un territorio, mentres que a chamada "KI" serve para atraer as femias.[3] Como os sistemas auditivos de machos e femias responden perferentemente a diferentes notas da chamada do macho, este é un exemplo de diferenzas entre sexos no sistema sensorial. É unha ra importante na cultura de Porto Rico e é un dos símbolos non oficiais desa illa.
A especie foi descrita por R. Thomas en 1966.[4] Pertence ao xénero Eleutherodactylus, que en grego significa dedos libres. O nome específico procede dos dous sons que emite nas súas chamadas (CO, KI). O xénero contén 185 species, que se encontran no sur de Estados Unidos de América, Centroamérica, Suramérica e o Caribe.
Un macho adulto mide, do fociño ao ano, de 30 a 37 mm, cunha media de 34 mm, mentres que as femias adultas miden de 36 a 52 mm, cunha media de 41 mm. A localización da ra tamén afecta ao seu tamaño, por exemplo a maiores alturas esta ra é máis grande. As diferenzas en tamaño entre os sexos son o resultado do consumo adicional de enerxía que fan os machos debido ao seu comportamento reprodutor.[5]
Son de cor marrón con pintas na parte superior e flancos de cor torrado oxidado e un ventre gris claro. Igual que as ras arborícolas, os coquís posúen tamén almofadiñas adherentes na punta das dedas que lles axudan a agarrarse a superficies húmidas ou esvaradías.[6] Os pés non están palmados nin adaptados á natación.
Son ras nocturnas e o seu comportamento está influenciado polo ambiente que as rodea, concretamente co nivel de humidade. Cando aumenta a humidade pola noite emerxen e empezan a gabear ata o seu fogar no dosel do bosque. A medida que decrece a humidade volven a baixar ata niveis inferiores, onde a humidade é maior. As poboacións de individuos novos viven no sotobosque sobre follas durante os períodos máis secos, as cales lles proporcionan tamén protección contra os invasores. A medida que medran e se fan adultos, desprázanse ao dosel e empeza o proceso descrito antes.[7]
A especie é nativa das illas de Porto Rico, Vieques e Culebra, onde é abundante e está moi estendido; a única notable excepción ocorre nos bosques secos de Porto Rico, onde é máis rara. É a ra máis abondosa de Porto Rico, con densidades estimadas de 20 000 individuos/ha.[8] Estas densidades flutúan dependendo da estación e o hábitat. Xeralmente, as densidades son maiores durante a última metade da estación húida e diminúen durante a estación seca.[9] A especie é considerada unha xeneralista en canto ao hábitat, xa que vive nunha ampla gama de hábitats, como os bosques de folla ancha mésicos, montañas e áreas urbanas, encóntrase en bromelias, buratos de árbores e baixo troncos, rochas e lixo.[10] Como esta especie non necesita corpos de auga para reproducirse, pode encontrarse na maioría das altitudes, con tal de que dispoña de humidade dabondo. En Porto Rico, encóntrase desde o nivel do mar a un máximo de 1 200 m. Os adultos xeralmente adoitan atoparse a maiores altitudes que os individuos novos.
A miúdo cohabita cos humanos. Debido ao seu uso do hábitat non restrinxido, é común que se encontre en casas e parques. Encóntrase en hábitats naturais como bosques de montaña a elevacións de menos de 1 200 me no bosque seco. Encóntrase no sotobosque e en todos os niveis ata o dosel.[11]
Foi introducida nas Illas Vírxes, e na República Dominicana,[12] Florida e Hawai,[13][14] e nestas últimas illas converteuse nunha especie invasora con densas pobaocións. A introdución nas illas Hawai foi accidental e aconteceu a finais da década de 1980, moi probablemente como polisón en plantas en testo e rapidamente se estableceu por si soa nas catro illas maiores. Agora o estado de Hawai considéraa unha especie praga e está na lista das especies invasoras máis daniñas no mudo.[15] Como especie invasora pode chegar a ter densidades de ata 91 000 individuos/ha.[16] As maiores densidades que acada na súa área invasora están impulsadas probablemente por estar libre dos predadores nativos, carecer de competidores interepecíficos e pola abundancia de comida. En Hawai, encóntrase a un máximo de 1 170 m sobre o nivel do mar.[17]
En áreas nas que excede densidades de 51 000 individuos/ha pode consumir uns 300 000 invertebrados por noite. Debido á súa enorme abundancia, en Hawaii crece a preocupación polos seus impactos ecolóxicos e económicos. Actualmente supón un custo para ese estado de case 3 millóns de dólares ao ano e o seu espallamento fíxose xeralmente polo comercio de plantas de viveiro. Como resultado moitas persoas son reticentes a comprar plantas deses viveiros debido ao risco de infestación, polo que se aplicaron corentenas e desinfestacións para mellorar a economía. Como a especie se estableceu tamén en zonas residenciais, a xente empezou a evitar mercar casas nas zonas onde hai infestación.[18]
É un predador nocturno xeral oportunista que caza sentándose a esperar, que consome gran cantidade de presas.[8] As dietas varían dependendo da idade e tamaño, pero están compostas principalmente de artrópodos. Os individuos novos comen presas menores, como formigas, mentres que os adultos teñen dietas máis variadas, como arañas, avelaíñas, grilos, carqacois e pequenas ras.[8] Os machos comen ocasionalmente ovos da súa propia posta, probablemente para obter unha nutrición adicional mentres están vixiando os seus niños.
Os machos que están emitindo chamadas comen menos presas que os silenciosos, os cales toman a mairoría do seu alimento a medianoite, mentres que os machos que emiten chamadas consumiron a esa hora só o 18% do seu alimento.[19]
Reprodúcense durante todo o ano, pero o pico de actividade reprodutora é na estación húmida. As femias poñen normalmente entre 16 e 40 ovos, de catro a seis veces ao ano, en intervalos de oito semanas. Os ovos son protexidos poos machos dos predadores, como poden ser outras ras da súa especie ou caracois Subulina.[5] O período de xestación é de 17 a 26 días. O período de maduración, é dicir o tempo que vai desde o ovo ao adulto reprodutor, é duns oito meses.
A diferenza da maioría das ras, que poñen os seus ovos na auga, os E. coqui póñenos en follas de palmeiras ou outras plantas terrrestres. Tamén usan niños de aves abandonados como lugar de posta. Paxaros como o Coereba flaveola, o Loxigilla portoricensis e o Todus mexicanus comparten os seus niños con esta ra.[17] Este método de reprodución permite que o coquí viva en bosques, montañas e outros hábitats sen ter unha dependencia directa da auga. Como pon os ovos en terra, esta especie non pasa polo estadio de cágado, e desenvolve as extremidades dentro do ovo, en vez de pasar por unha metamorfose como larva acuática. Así, eclosionan do ovo raíñas xa completamente independentes, pero cunha pequena cola que perden pouco despois. Este estadio de desenvolvemento directo permitiu que sexa un exitoso colonizador terrestre en áreas tropicais. Os ovos eclosionan en oito semanas e o animal chega á madurez reprodutora nun ano. As crías liberanse do ovo usando un dente do ovo que se foma no xénero Eleutherodactylus. Tanto os machos coma as femias espantan os intrusos que se achegan aos seus niños choutando, perseguindo e ás veces trabando. Os machos son os principais coidadores dos ovos, aos que ofrecen protección e un ambiente húmido por contacto coa súa pel. Abandónanos durante os períodos moi secos para ir recoller máis humidade para a súa descendencia.[20]
Os machos empezan as súas chamadas de apareamento subindo por riba do nivel do chan.[21] A chamada ou canto desta ra utilízase para atraer unha parella e tamén para establecer un territorio. Un coquí pode entrar no territorio doutro e retar o residente empezando a cantar, e ambos os dous comezan un duelo de cantos (que pode durar varios minutos). O primeiro que afrouxe en manterse na cadencia considérase o perdedor e abandona a área sen que se chegue a utilizar a violencia física.
|url= (Axuda) Eleutherodactylus coqui é unha especie de ra endémica de Porto Rico, onde recibe o nome de coquí, que pertence á familia Eleutherodactylidae. O machos da especie fan unha forte chamada nocturna característica, que ten varios propósitos. A chamada "CO" serve para repeler outros machos e establecer un territorio, mentres que a chamada "KI" serve para atraer as femias. Como os sistemas auditivos de machos e femias responden perferentemente a diferentes notas da chamada do macho, este é un exemplo de diferenzas entre sexos no sistema sensorial. É unha ra importante na cultura de Porto Rico e é un dos símbolos non oficiais desa illa.
Coquí (dibaca "ko-ki") (Eleutherodactylus coquí) adalah katak yang aslinya berasal dari Puerto Rico, termasuk genus Eleutherodactylus dari famili Leptodactylidae. Sebutan coquí juga kadang digunakan untuk beberapa spesies yang berasal dari genus yang sama, yaitu genus Eleutherodactylus yang berarti jari kaki dalam bahasa Yunani. Nama spesies ini adalah berupa onomatope dari bunyi coquí jantan yang keras (kadang mencapai 100 db dalam jarak 0,5 m) di malam hari yang terdengar "ko - kii ...".[3] Bunyi "ko" yang mencapai 1.160 hertz[4] adalah untuk menakut-nakuti pejantan lain dan mengamankan daerah teritorialnya sedang "ki" yang mencapai 2.090 hertz[4] adalah untuk menarik betina dalam aktivitas reproduktif. Coquí merupakan aspek penting dalam budaya Puerto Rico dan dijadikan simbol tidak resmi dari negara tersebut.
Coquí termasuk ke dalam genus Eleutherodactylus bersama 700 spesies katak lainnya. Berbagai spesies ini bisa ditemukan di Amerika Serikat, Amerika Tengah, Amerika Selatan, dan Karibia.
Ada 17 spesies coquí yang sudah dikenali di Puerto Rico. Spesies terbaru ditemukan tahun 2005, dan diterima secara resmi tahun 2007, dinamai Coquí Llanero (Eleutherodactylus juanriveoi).[5]
Coquí jantan dewasa, diukur dari moncong sampai bokong, berukuran antara 30 sampai 37 mm dengan rata-rata 34 mm, sementara betina dewasa ukurannya antara 36 sampai 52 mm dengan rata-rata 41 mm. Perbedaan ukuran antar jenis kelamin tersebut adalah akibat dari konsumsi energi yang lebih banyak oleh pejantan.[6]
Berbeda dengan gambar-gambar populer yang melukiskan spesies-spesies ini berwarna hijau, coquí sebenarnya kebanyakan berwarna antara abu-abu dan coklat-kelabu. Tidak seperti katak-katak lainnya, coquí tidak memiliki membran untuk berenang di antara jari-jarinya, sehingga tidak siap untuk berenang. Bagaimanapun, seperti semua katak pohon lainnya, coquí memiliki bantalan kecil di ujung jarinya yang membantu saat harus menempel pada permukaan basah atau licin.
Coquí berasal dari kepulauan Puerto Rico, dengan Vieques dan Culebra menjadi tempat penyebaran utamanya; satu-satunya perkecualian adalah di hutan kering Puerto Rico dimana penyebarannya agak jarang. Spesies ini juga telah ada di Kepulauan Virgin Amerika Serikat, Republik Dominika,[7] Florida, dan Hawaii,[8] dimana coquí menjadi terlalu banyak dan dianggap sebagai pengganggu.
Coquí adalah katak yang paling banyak di Puerto Rico dengan kepadatan diperkirakan 20.000 individu per hektare.[9] Kepadatan tersebut berfluktuasi tergantung pada musim dan habitat. Umumnya, kepadatan lebih tinggi saat pertengahan terakhir musim hujan dan berkurang selama musim kemarau.[10]
Spesies-spesies ini dianggap memiliki habitat yang luas, termasuk hutan, gunung, daerah kota, lubang di pohon, di bawah batang pohon, batu, atau sampah.[11] Karena tidak memerlukan air untuk bereproduksi, spesies-spesies ini dapat ditemukan pada daerah dengan ketinggian bervariasi selama daerah tersebut cukup lembap. Di Puerto Rico, coquí ditemukan mulai dari daerah setinggi permukaan laut sampai maksimum 1200 m di atas permukaan laut. Sementara di Hawaii, yang tidak sengaja disinggahi coquí melalui tanaman-tanaman yang diimport dan kemudian menyebar luas, katak ini dapat ditemukan sampai maksimum 1170 m.[12] Coquí dewasa umumnya cenderung ditemukan pada tempat yang lebih tinggi dibanding coquí muda.
Coquí adalah predator malam yang dapat mengonsumsi 114.000 invertebrata per hektare setiap malam.[9] Makanannya bervariasi tergantung umur dan ukuran tapi terutama terdiri dari arthropoda. Coquí muda mengonsumsi mangsa yang lebih kecil seperti semut sementara coquí dewasa mengonsumsi makanan yang lebih bervariasi termasuk laba-laba, ngengat, jangkrik, siput, dan katak kecil.[9]
Coquí bisa bereproduksi sepanjang tahun tetapi aktivitas perkembangbiakannya memuncak saat musim hujan. Coquí betina umumnya bertelur antara 16 sampai 40 butir sekitar 4-6 kali setahunnya dengan interval kurang lebih delapan minggu. Telur dijaga dari predator -berupa sesama coquí atau siput subulina- oleh coquí jantan.[6] Periode gestasi coquí terjadi selama 17-26 hari. Periode pematangan, waktu dari telur sampai coquí bisa bereproduksi, adalah sekitar delapan bulan.
Berbeda dengan kebanyakan katak, yang menyimpan telurnya di air, coquí meletakkan telurnya dalam daun palm atau tanaman perdu. Sarang burung yang sudah ditinggalkan juga sering digunakan bersarang oleh coquí. Jenis katak lain yang ada di Puerto Rico juga berbagi sarang dengan coquí.[12] Metode reproduksi ini memungkinkan coquí untuk hidup di hutan, gunung, dan habitat lain tanpa ketergantungan langsung pada air. Karena telurnya diletakkan di tanah, para coquí tidak melalui tahapan kecebong serta langsung mengembangkan tungkai di dalam telur, dan bukannya bermetamorfosis sebagai larva di air. Sehingga, anak katak yang mandiri langsung muncul dari telur, dengan ekor kecil yang segera hilang setelahnya.
Hanya coquí jantan yang berbunyi saat akan bereproduksi, padahal kedua jenis kelamin bersuara sama kerasnya waktu mengusir penyusup ke daerah teritorial mereka. Pejantan mulai melakukan panggilan di musim kawin dengan bertengger pada daun kira-kira satu sampai dua meter dari permukaan tanah.[3] Sementara betinanya kadang harus berjalan jauh untuk memenuhi panggilan tersebut.
Masyarakat Puerto Rico menyayangi coquí dan menganggapnya sebagai bagian dari keunikan negaranya. Bunyinya yang khas saat bersahut-sahutan di malam hari menjadi pengantar tidur mereka. Bahkan suara itu akan terkenang-kenang oleh masyarakat Puerto Rico yang berkelana ke luar negeri.[4] Oleh karena itu, coquí kemudian dijadikan maskot dalam promosi pariwisata Puerto Rico.[13] Bahkan ada hotel yang menamakan dirinya Hotel Coquí.[14]
Tidak demikian halnya dengan masyarakat Hawaii. Mereka justru merasa terganggu dengan suara Coquí yang keras, mungkin karena memang lebih keras dibanding di habitat aslinya di Puerto Rico, sehingga mengganggu rakyat setempat dan para pelancong di sana. Kerasnya suara itu diperkirakan akibat lebih banyak coquí yang terkumpul di satu tempat. Gangguan lain yang pada masyarakat di sana adalah karena coquí memangsa hewan asli Hawaii, sehingga dikhawatirkan mengganggu kelestariannya.[15]
Dalam salah satu episode film seri anak-anak Dora the Explorer berjudul "El Coquí", Dora dan teman monyetnya Boots bertemu dengan katak jenis coquí. Diceriterakan bahwa coquí adalah katak yang pintar bernyanyi (bahkan digambarkan membawa gitar). Namun saat jauh dari kampung halamannya, ia akan merasa sedih, tidak sanggup bernyanyi, bahkan menjadi sakit. Dora dan Boots merasa iba kepada coquí yang tersesat itu sehingga kemudian berpetualang mengantar katak itu ke habitat aslinya di Pulau Coquí. Sesampainya di sana, coquí bisa bernyanyi kembali dengan merdu bersama dengan teman-temannya, "Ko - kii ... Ko - kii ..."
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Coquí (dibaca "ko-ki") (Eleutherodactylus coquí) adalah katak yang aslinya berasal dari Puerto Rico, termasuk genus Eleutherodactylus dari famili Leptodactylidae. Sebutan coquí juga kadang digunakan untuk beberapa spesies yang berasal dari genus yang sama, yaitu genus Eleutherodactylus yang berarti jari kaki dalam bahasa Yunani. Nama spesies ini adalah berupa onomatope dari bunyi coquí jantan yang keras (kadang mencapai 100 db dalam jarak 0,5 m) di malam hari yang terdengar "ko - kii ...". Bunyi "ko" yang mencapai 1.160 hertz adalah untuk menakut-nakuti pejantan lain dan mengamankan daerah teritorialnya sedang "ki" yang mencapai 2.090 hertz adalah untuk menarik betina dalam aktivitas reproduktif. Coquí merupakan aspek penting dalam budaya Puerto Rico dan dijadikan simbol tidak resmi dari negara tersebut.
Il coquí comune (Eleutherodactylus coqui Thomas, 1966) è una rana appartenente alla famiglia Eleutherodactylidae, originaria di Porto Rico.[2]
Il nome deriva dalla trascrizione onomatopeica del verso del coquí maschio. Il coquí comune è così importante nella cultura portoricana tanto da essere diventato il simbolo nazionale non ufficiale.
La specie è originaria delle isole di Porto Rico, Vieques e Culebra ed è stata introdotta nelle Isole Vergini, nella Repubblica Dominicana, in Florida e alle Hawaii. È inserita nell'elenco delle 100 tra le specie invasive più dannose al mondo.
Il coquí comune (Eleutherodactylus coqui Thomas, 1966) è una rana appartenente alla famiglia Eleutherodactylidae, originaria di Porto Rico.
Il nome deriva dalla trascrizione onomatopeica del verso del coquí maschio. Il coquí comune è così importante nella cultura portoricana tanto da essere diventato il simbolo nazionale non ufficiale.
Eleutherodactylus coqui is een kikker uit de familie Eleutherodactylidae (vroeger: Brachycephalidae).[2] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Thomas in 1966.
Eleutherodactylus coqui wordt ongeveer 4 tot 5 centimeter lang en lijkt wat op een boomkikker vanwege de egale kleur en vrij gladde huid, meestal is de kleur bruin tot grijs; groene kleuren komen niet vaak voor omdat deze soort meer op de bodem leeft, en niet in bomen tussen de bladeren. Kenmerkend zijn de vergrote tympana (trommelvliezen) die in een kleine groef liggen onder de parotoïdengifklier.
Deze soort komt van nature voor in Puerto Rico, maar is ook in het zuidoostelijke deel van de Verenigde Staten en in Hawaï terechtgekomen. Het is bewezen dat de kikker via de import van bromelias is verspreid. De habitat bestaat uit bossige streken, van bergwouden tot tropisch regenwouden met hagen, kelkvormende planten waar water in blijft staan, onder stenen en tussen de bladeren in de bladlaag, deze soort is nachtactief. Het voedsel bestaat uit allerlei insecten en geleedpotigen.[3]
De soortnaam is afgeleid van de roep; de mannetjes maken een co-qui-achtig geluid. De lokroep van de mannetjes is bij alle soorten uit het geslacht Eleutherodactylus berucht vanwege de hoge en vooral harde tonen. Deze soort kan op een afstand van een halve meter een geluid produceren van 100 decibel.[4] Een groep mannetjes vlak bij elkaar versterken elkaar waardoor het geluid ondraaglijk wordt als men te dichtbij komt.
Eleutherodactylus coqui is niet afhankelijk van oppervlaktewater zoals veel amfibieën; de eitjes worden op de bodem afgezet en bewaakt door het mannetje. Enige voorwaarde is dat het niet te droog is. Na enkele weken komen er direct volgroeide kikkertjes uit; er is geen vrijzwemmend larvestadium en de kikkervisjes ontwikkelen zich volledig in het ei.
Eleutherodactylus coqui is een kikker uit de familie Eleutherodactylidae (vroeger: Brachycephalidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Thomas in 1966.
Eleutherodactylus coqui é uma espécie de sapo nativo de Porto rico, pertencente ao género Eleutherodactylus, família Eleutherodactylidae. A espécie tem o seu nome derivado intenso som que emite, que pode atingir os 100 dB a uma distância de meio metro. Em espanhol, o seu nome é coquí, assemelhando-se à conjunção dos dois tipo de chamamento que produz: co, que serve para repelir outros machos e para estabelecer território; qui, que serve para atrair as fêmeas. Esta espécie faz parte integrante da cultura de Porto Rico, sendo por vezes utilizado como símbolo não oficial do país.
Eleutherodactylus coqui é uma espécie de sapo nativo de Porto rico, pertencente ao género Eleutherodactylus, família Eleutherodactylidae. A espécie tem o seu nome derivado intenso som que emite, que pode atingir os 100 dB a uma distância de meio metro. Em espanhol, o seu nome é coquí, assemelhando-se à conjunção dos dois tipo de chamamento que produz: co, que serve para repelir outros machos e para estabelecer território; qui, que serve para atrair as fêmeas. Esta espécie faz parte integrante da cultura de Porto Rico, sendo por vezes utilizado como símbolo não oficial do país.
Ếch Carribe (Danh pháp khoa học: Eleutherodactylus coqui) là một loài ếch nhỏ, ồn ào, ăn thịt sâu bọ, có nguồn gốc từ Puerto Rico, nơi mà chúng sinh sản và có thể sống với mật độ đến 20000 cá thể trên một hecta. Chúng thích nghi và phát triển ở Hawaii và Đảo Virgin. ở Hawaii, chúng được coi vừa là loài gây hại ở thành thị vừa có khả năng đe doạ đến các loài chim rừng bản địa.
Ếch Carribe (Danh pháp khoa học: Eleutherodactylus coqui) là một loài ếch nhỏ, ồn ào, ăn thịt sâu bọ, có nguồn gốc từ Puerto Rico, nơi mà chúng sinh sản và có thể sống với mật độ đến 20000 cá thể trên một hecta. Chúng thích nghi và phát triển ở Hawaii và Đảo Virgin. ở Hawaii, chúng được coi vừa là loài gây hại ở thành thị vừa có khả năng đe doạ đến các loài chim rừng bản địa.
Eleutherodactylus coqui Thomas, 1966
Охранный статус
Ко́ки[1][2] (лат. Eleutherodactylus coqui) — вид листовых лягушек. В отдельный вид был выделен лишь в 1966 году.[3]
Обыкновенный коки представляет собой маленькое бесхвостое земноводное длиной 3-5 см, самцы несколько мельче самок. Однако, несмотря на малые размеры, самцы могут издавать звуки до 100 дБ («ко-кии», отсюда и название).
Родина вида — Пуэрто-Рико, коки является одним из неофициальных символов острова.
Вид также интродуцирован на Американские Виргинские острова[4] и на Гавайи, где создал экологическую проблему в прибрежных районах (лягушка пока не поднимается на высоту более 1100 м над уровнем моря)[5]. Проблема заключается не только в инвазии чуждых для островных экосистем видов (биологическое загрязнение), не имеющих естественных врагов и конкурентов, но и в очень громких криках издаваемых ночью самцами лягушек, что мешает сну жителей.
Ко́ки (лат. Eleutherodactylus coqui) — вид листовых лягушек. В отдельный вид был выделен лишь в 1966 году.
保全状況評価[1] LEAST CONCERN
分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata 綱 : 両生綱 Amphibia 目 : 無尾目 Anura 科 : コヤスガエル科 Eleutherodactylidae 属 : コヤスガエル属 Eleutherodactylus 亜属 : Eleutherodactylus[2] 種 : コキーコヤスガエル E. coqui 学名 Eleutherodactylus coquiコキーコヤスガエル (Eleutherodactylus coqui) は、コヤスガエル科に属するカエルの1種。プエルトリコ固有種。
夜間に "COQUI" と表記される声で大音量で鳴く[4]。オタマジャクシを経由せずに卵からカエルの形態で孵化するため、繁殖に水辺を必要としない。ハワイなどで外来種として分布を拡大しており、世界の侵略的外来種ワースト100の一覧に挙げられている。
プエルトリコの文化において重要な動物で、国獣として扱われる。
雄成体は全長30-37 mm（平均34 mm）、雌は全長36-52 mm（平均41 mm）。この差は、雄が繁殖行動により多くのエネルギーを投資するためだと考えられる[5]。
体色は灰色から灰褐色。指の間に水掻きはなく、泳ぎは不得意である。指の先端には吸盤があり、滑りやすい表面に張り付くことができる。
プエルトリコ固有種であり、ビエケス島・クレブラ島に広く豊富に分布する。例外的に、プエルトリコ乾燥森（英語版）には稀である。ヴァージン諸島・イスパニョーラ島[6]・フロリダ・ハワイ[7]に侵入している。ハワイには1980年代に観葉植物に紛れて持ち込まれたとみられ、主要な4島に侵入した。本種は世界の侵略的外来種ワースト100に選定されている[8]。
小アンティル諸島（セント・トーマス島、セント・ジョン島、セント・クロイ島）、ガラパゴス諸島にも移入分布する[9]。
プエルトリコでは最も個体数の多いカエルで、その密度は1haあたり20,000個体と推定されている[10]。外来種としては、ハワイで1haあたり91,000個体に達している[11]。侵入先でこれほど高い個体密度となる原因として、天敵や種間競争の欠如、豊富な食物などが挙げられる。個体密度は季節や環境に応じて変動するが、一般的には雨季の終わりに最も高くなり、乾季には減少する[12]。
生息環境を選ばず、中湿性環境から広葉樹林、山岳、都市部などでも見られる。アナナスの葉の付け根や樹洞、岩・倒木などの下に潜む[13]。繁殖に水溜りを必要としないため、適度に湿度があれば、標高の高い場所にも生息できる。プエルトリコでは海抜1200 m、ハワイでも海抜1170 mまで見られる[14]。成体は幼体より標高の高い場所に住む傾向がある。
夜行性である。餌は主に節足動物である。待ち伏せ型の捕食者で、幼体はアリなどの小型の獲物を食べるが、成体になるとクモ・ガ・コオロギ・カタツムリ・小型のカエルなど様々なものを餌とするようになる[10]。巣を守っている雄は、栄養補給のために自身が守る卵の一部を食べることがある。
本種を対象に行われた調査では、夜間に鳴いている雄は、鳴かない雄に比べて18%の食物しか摂取できないことが示された[15]。
一年中繁殖可能だが、特に雨季に活発になる。1回の産卵数は16-40で、8週おきに年6回の産卵が可能である。雄は卵を他個体やオカクチキレガイ属（英語版）のカタツムリから保護する[5]。体内受精を行い、17–26日後に産卵する。卵から成体になるまでは約8か月かかる。
卵は植物上に産み付けられる。マミジロミツドリ・オオクロアカウソ・プエルトリココビトドリなどの鳥の巣を利用することもある[14]。オタマジャクシにはならず、卵から小さなカエルとして孵化する。孵化の時点では短い尻尾があるが、これはすぐに消失する。
雄の鳴き声は "COQUI" と表記されるが、"CO" は他の雄に対して縄張りを主張するためのもので、"QUI" は雌を呼ぶためのものだと考えられている。本種の聴覚器官は、最も鋭敏な周波数が雌雄で異なるため、これに合わせて2種類の音を使い分けていると考えられる[16]。
鳴き声は雌を引き寄せるほか、縄張りを主張する目的もある。他の雄が縄張りに侵入すると、唄による争いが始まる。一定のリズムで歌い続けることができなくなった方が敗者となり、肉体的な争いなしに縄張りから追い出される。
在来種の無脊椎動物を大量に捕食することで、生態系を脅かしている。また、他の外来種（クマネズミやジャワマングース、ミナミオオガシラ）の餌資源となっていることも指摘されている。鳴き声による騒音被害も発生している[17]。
日本には定着していないものの、外来生物法により特定外来生物に指定されており、基本的に飼育はできない。
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コキーコヤスガエル (Eleutherodactylus coqui) は、コヤスガエル科に属するカエルの1種。プエルトリコ固有種。
夜間に "COQUI" と表記される声で大音量で鳴く。オタマジャクシを経由せずに卵からカエルの形態で孵化するため、繁殖に水辺を必要としない。ハワイなどで外来種として分布を拡大しており、世界の侵略的外来種ワースト100の一覧に挙げられている。
プエルトリコの文化において重要な動物で、国獣として扱われる。
