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Nile lechwes communicate much like other waterbucks and kobs. There is a mixture of visual signaling and tactile communication. When displaying, they will rear high in the air in front of their opponent and turn their head to the side. They achieve a submissive posture by stretching their neck and head forward horizontally. The submissive female may also make snapping movements while stretching her neck. When fighting, males will duck their heads and use their horns to push against each other. If one male is significantly smaller than the other, he may move next to the larger male in a parallel position and push from there, which prevents the larger male from pushing with all his force.
In addition, during the reproductive season, males urinate on themselves, then smear the urine onto the female before mounting her. It is difficult to see this as anything other than soem form of chemical, as well as tactile, communication.
Although vocalizations were not reported in the literature reviewed here, because they are mammals, it is likely that they do vocalize, and that these vocalizations play some role in communication.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Natural predators of Nile lechwes include lions, leopards, cape hunting dogs, and crocodiles. Humans are also major predators of these animals. Nile lechwes are particularly vulnerable to cooperative hunting because of their close association with aquatic habitats. In the 1950's, traditional lechwe drives (chilas) were common, each one killing about 3,000 individuals.
Known Predators:
Nile lechwes exhibit sexual dimorphism so extreme that males and females look as if they belong to different species. Males and females can easily be distinguished from one another based on pelage color, size, and ornamentation. However, both sexes have long, coarse hair; elongated, narrow hooves; a short nose; and a long tail (with a length between 40 and 50 cm).
Older males are blackish-brown, with a white spot behind the horns. This white spot connects to a white band on the neck, which broadens on the withers. Males have long, lyre-shaped horns that are 48 to 87 cm in length. Males are an average of 165 cm long, 100 to 105 cm tall at the shoulders, and weigh between 90 amd 120 kg.
Females are pale yellow, and lack horns. Young males look like females until they reach 2 or 3 years of age. At this time, the color of the pelage changes and the horns begin to grow. Females are an average of 135 cm long, 80 to 85 cm tall at the shoulders, and weigh between 60 and 90kg.
Range mass: 60 to 120 kg.
Average length: 135-165 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; sexes colored or patterned differently; ornamentation
Adults live an average of 10 to 11.5 years in captivity. The lifespan in the wild is similar. The species is reported to have a maximum longevity of 19 years in captivity. In spite of their potential lifespan, most K. megaceros do not live a very long time. The infant mortality rate is high in the wild because yearling Nile lechwes are infected with warble flies, which bring many down. The 30-day infant mortality rate (36%) is high in captivity because of inbreeding.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 19 (high) years.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 10 to 11.5 years.
Typical lifespan
Status: captivity: 10 to 11.5 years.
Nile lechwes are found in swamps, dry and flooded grass marshes, and steppes. The species is known to inhabit short grass, high reed, and cane thickets.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland
Wetlands: marsh ; swamp
Nile lechwes (Kobus megaceros) have a very restricted geographic range. They are found only in the Bahr-el-Ghazel district of the Southern Sudan, and in Machar Gambella marshes of Ethiopia in Africa.
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
Nile lechwes are herbivorous, eating grasses, herbs, and waterplants.
Plant Foods: leaves
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )
Nile lechwes may help reduce grass fires by trampling the grass when grazing, making a natural firewall. They are also an important source of food for crocodiles because of the amount of time these animals spend in the water.
Nile lechwes are a highly prized trophy to an African hunter and may be traded for food or other resources. They were also traditionally hunted as a source of food.
Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material
There is apparently no negative impact of this species on humans.
Nile lechwes are not on the IUCN red list or in CITES, but they are in need of conservation efforts. Populations are confined to two small areas where any change in conditions would be detrimental to their status. The regions they inhabit are also places of severe political and social unrest, which contributes to a dim outlook for their survival.
The main threats to K. megaceros are habitat loss and hunting pressures. Hunting in the Sudan requires a special license. In Ethiopia only six animals per year are allowed to be captured with a special license. In 1971, a law limited hunters to two animals per a lifetime, making the animal a rare commodity.
The most recent census found 30,000 to 40,000 in the wild and 150 in captivity. Their current IUCN status is "Satisfactory" in Sudan and "Rare" in Ethiopia.
Better conservation efforts are needed in zoos. Falchetti (1993) believes that the genetic make-up of most of the captive individuals is not adequate for a long-term survival program aiming at preserving 90% of the average heterozygosity of the original population for 200 years. Capturing wild individuals in Ethiopia is possible and would reduce the inbreeding and consequently the infant mortality rate in captive animals.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered
Kobus megaceros has a harem mating system where only the dominant male is sexually active. Mating starts with a unique form of marking. The male bends his head to the ground and urinates on his throat and cheek hair. He then rubs his dripping beard on the female's forehead and rump, and mating ensues.
Mating System: polygynous
Both sexes are sexually mature at 2 years of age. The gestation period averages 235.5 days, after which a single calf is born. newborns weigh about 4.5 to 5.5 kg.
Female can ovulate again approximately one month after giving birth, leading to a mean interbirth interval of 11.6 months. Most females have a calf every year. The sex ratio at birth is 1:1. Calving takes place in the wet season in the wild, however, in captivity this species mates throughout the year, and so can produce young throughout the year. However, even in captivity, there is a birth peak, and this occurs between February and May.
Calves exhibit hiding behaviors, and are independent from their mothers between 6 and 8 months of age, which is the time of weaning in other members of this genus.
Breeding interval: Kobus megaceros breeds once yearly.
Breeding season: In the wild, matings occur between February and May.
Range number of offspring: 1 (low) .
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average gestation period: 7.85 months.
Range time to independence: 6 to 8 months.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous
Average birth mass: 5100 g.
Average gestation period: 235 days.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male: 730 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female: 730 days.
Most artiodactyls are precocious at birth, and are able to keep up with their mother during foraging at a young age. It is likely that this species is similar.
Females care for their young, nursing them, and protecting them. Calves remain with their mothers until they are weaned at 6 to 8 months of age. Male parental care has not been reported for these animals.
Parental Investment: no parental involvement; altricial ; pre-fertilization (Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Female)
Sudan keçisi (lat. Kobus megaceros[1]) - su keçisi cinsinə aid heyvan növü.
Su keçiləri cinsinə aid nəsli kəsilməkdə olan antilop növdür. Bu növə Cənubi Sudanın, eləcə də Efiopiyanın şimal-qərb ərazilərinin subasar, əsasən də bataqlıq yerlərində yaşayırlar. 1983-cü ildə vəhşi təbiətdə sayının 30000–40000 civarında olduğu güman edilsə də, hazırda bu rəqəmlər məlum deyil.
Sudan keçisi (lat. Kobus megaceros) - su keçisi cinsinə aid heyvan növü.
Su keçiləri cinsinə aid nəsli kəsilməkdə olan antilop növdür. Bu növə Cənubi Sudanın, eləcə də Efiopiyanın şimal-qərb ərazilərinin subasar, əsasən də bataqlıq yerlərində yaşayırlar. 1983-cü ildə vəhşi təbiətdə sayının 30000–40000 civarında olduğu güman edilsə də, hazırda bu rəqəmlər məlum deyil.
Al lechwe an Nil(Daveoù a vank) (Kobus megaceros) a zo ur bronneg daskirier; kavet e vez e Susoudan hag Etiopia ivez.
El cob del Nil (Kobus megaceros) és un antílop que viu a les planes inundables de Sudan del Sud.
Els cobs del Nil mesuren entre 90 i 100 centímetres a l'espatlla i pesen entre 70 i 110 quilograms. Les femelles són d'un marró daurat, amb la regió ventral blanca i sense banyes. El color dels mascles va del marró xocolata al rogenc, amb una "caputxa" blanca sobre les espatlles i petites taques blanques per sobre els uls ulls. Tenen unes llargues banyes que tenen una vaga forma de S.
El cob del Nil (Kobus megaceros) és un antílop que viu a les planes inundables de Sudan del Sud.
Els cobs del Nil mesuren entre 90 i 100 centímetres a l'espatlla i pesen entre 70 i 110 quilograms. Les femelles són d'un marró daurat, amb la regió ventral blanca i sense banyes. El color dels mascles va del marró xocolata al rogenc, amb una "caputxa" blanca sobre les espatlles i petites taques blanques per sobre els uls ulls. Tenen unes llargues banyes que tenen una vaga forma de S.
Voduška abok (Kobus megaceros) je antilopa, která obývá záplavová území v Jižním Súdánu.
Voduška abok měří po ramena 90 až 100 centimetrů a váží 70 až 110 kilogramů. Samice jsou zlatohnědé s bílým podbřiškem a nemají rohy. Samci jsou čokoládově hnědí až červenohnědí s bílou 'kapucí' přes ramena a malými bílými skvrnami nad očima. Mají dlouhé rýhově strukturované rohy, které jsou z profilu ve tvaru málo zaobleného „s“.
Nacházejí se v bahnitých oblastech, kde jedí vodní rostliny. Jsou aktivní hlavně za soumraku časně ráno nebo pozdě odpoledne. Shromažďují se ve stádech o padesáti samicích a jednom samci nebo v menších samčích stádech.
Volně žijící populace se odhaduje na 30 000 až 40 000 kusů.
Voduška abok je chována přibližně ve třiceti evropských zoo.[3] V rámci Česka jsou k vidění hned v pěti zoo. Jde konkrétně o:
Vodušky abok jsou v pražské zoo chovány od roku 2004. 1. června toho roku přijel samec Nelson a samice Petra, Karla a Niora ze Zoo Dvůr Králové nad Labem[4], tedy největšího chovatele afrických kopytníků mimo Afriku. První mláďata přišla na svět v roce 2005: jednalo se o samce Barta a Alfa.[4] Mláďata se od té doby rodí pravidelně. V průběhu roku 2017 se podařilo odchovat tři samce. Ke konci roku 2017 bylo chováno 11 kusů tohoto druhu, což je společně se Zoo Dvůr Králové nejvíce v Česku.[5]
K vidění jsou v expozičním celku Vodní svět a opičí ostrovy v dolní části zoo.[6]
V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Nile Lechwe na anglické Wikipedii.
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu voduška abok ve Wikimedia Commons
Galerie voduška abok ve Wikimedia Commons
Voduška abok (Kobus megaceros) je antilopa, která obývá záplavová území v Jižním Súdánu.
Voduška abok měří po ramena 90 až 100 centimetrů a váží 70 až 110 kilogramů. Samice jsou zlatohnědé s bílým podbřiškem a nemají rohy. Samci jsou čokoládově hnědí až červenohnědí s bílou 'kapucí' přes ramena a malými bílými skvrnami nad očima. Mají dlouhé rýhově strukturované rohy, které jsou z profilu ve tvaru málo zaobleného „s“.
Nacházejí se v bahnitých oblastech, kde jedí vodní rostliny. Jsou aktivní hlavně za soumraku časně ráno nebo pozdě odpoledne. Shromažďují se ve stádech o padesáti samicích a jednom samci nebo v menších samčích stádech.
Volně žijící populace se odhaduje na 30 000 až 40 000 kusů.
Die Weißnacken-Moorantilope (Kobus megaceros), auch Mrs. Grays Wasserbock, ist eine afrikanische Antilope aus der Gattung der Wasserböcke. Die Art lebt ausschließlich in den Nilsümpfen, 3.000 Kilometer nördlich der mit ihm nah verwandten Letschwe, die in den Feuchtsavannen Zentralafrikas vorkommt.[1]
Die Weißnacken-Moorantilope ist eine kräftige Sumpfantilope mit langem Haarkleid, einer Schulterhöhe von 80 bis 105 Zentimeter, einer Länge von 135 bis 165 Zentimetern und einem Gewicht von 60 bis 120 Kilogramm.
Wie die braunrote Letschwe hat sie ein ziemlich kurzes Gesicht. Die Hufe sind außergewöhnlich lang, die innere Zehe ist dabei viel schmaler als die äußere. Die Böcke haben leierartige, S-förmig geschwungene Hörner, aber dünner, länger und steiler aufsteigend als bei sonstigen Moorantilopen die 50 bis 85 Zentimeter lang werden. Das Fell der Böcke wird über die Jahre langsam dunkler, bis sie ein Schwarz wie von Bitterschokolade erreichen. Die mahagonifarbenen Böcke haben einen faustgroßen, reinweißen Fleck hinter den Hörnern, von dem sich ein weißer Streifen den Nacken entlangzieht, der am vorderen Teil des Widerristes zu einem breiten weißen Sattel wird. Die Unterseite und der Schwanz sind cremeweiß. Die hornlosen Weibchen sind gelblich bis braunrot gefärbt, viel heller als die Böcke, mit abgeschwächten Zeichnungen.
Das Verbreitungsgebiet beschränkt sich auf die Sudd-Region in Südsudan nahe Malakal. Die dortige Schwemmebene wird vom Weißen Nil durchflossen, der mit sich ständig verändernden Nebenflüssen ein weit verzweigtes Sumpfgebiet bildet. Die Weißnacken-Moorantilope lebt in großen Trupps von fünfzig und mehr Individuen, bildet aber nicht so große Rudel wie die Letschwe.
Entsprechend dem Wasserstand des Flusses und den Überschwemmungsgebieten in der Regenzeit folgt die Antilope dem sich verändernden Rand des Sumpfgebietes. Sie bewegen sich weg vom Fluss und flussaufwärts, 30 bis 40 km je nach Wasserstand zu ihren entsprechenden Weidegründen. Sie ernähren sich fast ausschließlich von Sumpfgräsern und leben in gemischten Rudeln von 50 oder mehr Tieren.
Bis 1980 gab es noch ungefähr 36.000 Tiere, die sich je zur Hälfte auf die beiden Nilufer verteilten. Inzwischen ist ihr Bestand stark zurückgegangen, so konnten bei einer Zählung aus der Luft im Jahr 2007 im Südsudan nur noch 4291 Individuen gezählt werden, die sich hauptsächlich in der Nähe des Naturschutzgebiets Zerat befanden. Die IUCN listet den Status der Weißnacken-Moorantilope als stark gefährdet (endangered).
Die Weißnacken-Moorantilope (Kobus megaceros), auch Mrs. Grays Wasserbock, ist eine afrikanische Antilope aus der Gattung der Wasserböcke. Die Art lebt ausschließlich in den Nilsümpfen, 3.000 Kilometer nördlich der mit ihm nah verwandten Letschwe, die in den Feuchtsavannen Zentralafrikas vorkommt.
The Nile lechwe or Mrs Gray's lechwe (Kobus megaceros) is an endangered species of antelope found in swamps and grasslands in South Sudan and Ethiopia.[1]
Males are an average of 165 cm (65 in) long and 100–105 cm (39–41 in) tall at the shoulders, and weigh between 90 and 120 kg (200 and 260 lb), while females are an average of 135 cm (53 in) long, 80–85 cm (31–33 in) tall at the shoulders, and weigh 60–90 kg (130–200 lb). Nile lechwes live an average of 10 to 11.5 years, and most uncommonly 19 years.[2]
Their coats are shaggy with the hair on the cheeks particularly long in both sexes, and males may have even longer hair on their necks. Nile lechwe exhibit extreme sexual dimorphism.[3] Females are golden-brown with white underbellies and no horns. Juveniles also have a golden-brown coat, but the color changes to dark brown in young males when they reach two to three years of age. Adult males are blackish-brown to russet with white 'hoods' over their shoulders and small white patches over their eyes.[4][5] The horns of the adult males are 50–87 cm (20–34 in) long, strongly ridged at their bases and are curved at the tips.[5]
Nile lechwe can visually signal and vocalize to communicate with each other. They rear high in the air in front of their opponents and turn their heads to the side while displaying. Females are quite loud, making a toad-like croaking when moving.[3] When fighting, males duck their heads and use their horns to push against each other. If one male is significantly smaller than the other, he may move next to the larger male in a parallel position and push from there, which prevents the larger male from pushing with all his force. Known predators are humans, lions, crocodiles, cheetahs, wild dogs and leopards. They flee to water if disturbed, but females defend their offspring from smaller predators by direct attack, mainly kicking.[2] Yearling Nile lechwes are often infected by warble flies, which can make them unhealthy and result in high mortality rates.[2]
Nile lechwe are crepuscular, active in the early morning and late afternoon. They gather in herds of up to 50 females and one male or in smaller all-male herds. They divide themselves into three social groups: females and their new offspring, bachelor males, and mature males with territories. A males with territory sometimes allows a bachelor male into his territory to guard the region and not to copulate.[2]
Nile lechwe feed on succulent grasses and water plants. Wild rice is thought to be a preferred food at the start of the flood season, while a larger proportion of swamp grasses are consumed when the waters recede. They have the special capability to wade in shallow waters and swim in deeper waters, and may feed on young leaves from trees and bushes, rearing up to reach this green vegetation. Nile lechwe are also found in marshy areas, where they eat aquatic plants.[3]
Both sexes reach sexual maturity when they are two years old.[5] Mating occurs throughout the year, but peaks between February and May. During mating season, young males bend their horns to the ground as if to poke the earth. Males fight in the water, their heads submerging in horn-to-horn combat, for dominance. These contests are usually short and violent. As in many other animals, the dominant male copulates with the female. A unique form of marking is seen with the start of mating. The male bends his head to the ground and urinates on his throat and cheek hair. He then rubs his dripping beard on the female's forehead and rump.[2][6]
The gestation period is seven to 9 months long on average, after which a single calf is born. Infants weigh about 4.5 to 5.5 kg (9.9–12.1 lb). Females experience estrus again about a month after producing young. After its birth, the calf is kept hidden in thick vegetation for two to three weeks, where the mother nurses it. It is weaned at five to six months, and a few months later is ready to be independent and join the herd.[2]
The Nile lechwe typically occur in shallow waters bordering deeper swamps, where the water is 10–40 cm (3.9–15.7 in) deep.[7] Nile lechwe are endemic to South Sudan and Ethiopia. In Sudan, the majority of the population occurs in the Sudd swamps, and in the Machars near the Ethiopian border in smaller numbers. In Ethiopia occurs in the southwest, in Gambela National Park, but in very less numbers possibly due to human settlement and habitat degradation. The habitat of the Nile lechwe has been severely affected by civil wars, human displacement and resettlement, firearm attacks and increased hunting.[8] Even its seasonal movements were restricted due to large populations of cattle in and around its range. The Nile lechwe population in the Sudds, however, remained somewhat stable throughout this period.[9]
The Nile lechwe has been classified under the Endangered category by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). In 1983, aerial surveys gave a total population estimate of 30,000-40,000 individuals, of which 95 percent were concentrated in the Sudds and the rest occurred between Sudan and Ethiopia.[7] In the 1980s, the population in the Machars was estimated at 900.[10] A population of around 150 was also reported from the swamps in Gilo River in 1967.[11] There is also an increasing population held in captivity.[8] In 2007, the population of the Sudd region was estimated to be of 4,291 animals, indicating that the species has declined rapidly since the previous survey in 1983.
In South Sudan, Nile lechwe populations occur in three protected areas : Zeraf Game Reserve, that extends over 9,700 km2 (3,700 sq mi) along the Bahr el Zeraf; Fanyikang Game Reserve, north of Bahr el Ghazal, covering over 480 km2 (190 sq mi); and Shambe National Park, that stretches over 620 km2 (240 sq mi) along Bahr al Jabal. The Nile lechwe keep moving in and out of these areas. In Ethiopia they occur in the Gabella National Park. A study outlined priorities for both in situ and ex situ conservation of this species.[8]
The Nile lechwe or Mrs Gray's lechwe (Kobus megaceros) is an endangered species of antelope found in swamps and grasslands in South Sudan and Ethiopia.
El cobo del Nilo, cobo de Mrs Gray o lechwe del Nilo (Kobus megaceros) es una especie de antílope africano presente en ciertas regiones del Sudán del Sur. Posee una altura en la grupa superior a la de la cruz y un claro dimorfismo sexual. Especie ligada a los humedales, vive en manadas compuestas por unos 30-50 individuos.
Macho
Hembra
El cobo del Nilo, cobo de Mrs Gray o lechwe del Nilo (Kobus megaceros) es una especie de antílope africano presente en ciertas regiones del Sudán del Sur. Posee una altura en la grupa superior a la de la cruz y un claro dimorfismo sexual. Especie ligada a los humedales, vive en manadas compuestas por unos 30-50 individuos.
Macho
Hembra
Kobus megaceros Kobus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Reduncinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago
Kobus megaceros Kobus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Reduncinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago
Cobe de Madame Gray
Kobus megaceros, le Cobe de Madame Gray, est une espèce d'antilopes de la famille des Bovidae restreinte au Soudan du Sud et à l'Éthiopie.
Il est très semblable au Cobe de Lechwe . C'est une antilope de taille moyenne, mais les femelles sont plus petites. Seul le mâle a des cornes, mais elles sont implantées plus verticalement que celles du cobe de Lechwe. Leur sabot principaux sont longs et étroits, et leur sabots latéraux sont larges et forts; ils ont l'arrière des paturons velu. Ils ont 2 glandes inguinales et 4 mamelles. Les mâles matures sont brun doré et ont un dessus variant jusqu'au brun noir roussâtre à brun noir et la tête et le cou plus foncés que le dos, avec des rayures blanches sur le cou et sur le garrot. La femelle a le dessus jaune à châtain. Elle n'a pas de raie nuchale ni selle du garrot; les jeunes sont comme les femelles. Comme le Cobe de Lechwe et le Sitatunga, ses sabots sont parfaitement adaptés aux terrains marécageux, ce qui fait de lui une antilope semi-aquatique/semi-terrestre[1]. Leurs sabots particuliers (longs et écartés), leur permettent de ne pas s'enfoncer dans les sols boueux, mais également de nager encore mieux que les autres antilopes.
Ses antilopes semi-aquatique sont très gracieuses.
Sud du Soudan, marais de la région du Nil blanc (Bahr-el-Gebel, Bahr-al-Gazal, Bahr-el-Chabal, Sobat, Pibor, etc) en arabe ( بيبور، سوبات، بحر الشابال، بحر الغزال، بحر الجبل), Sud Ouest de l'Éthiopie le long des rivières (Baro et Gela).
Ils vivent dans le marais, prairies sèches ou inondées ou à végétation herbacée rase et de là jusqu'aux roselières denses et hautes. Il est souvent trouvé dans des eaux peu profondes de 10 à 40 cm de profondeur en général[2].
Ils sont sédentaires et ils ont un comportement territorial.
Ils sont surtout diurnes, ils se reposent au milieu de la journée.
Il a une bonne ouïe, une bonne vue diurne et un bon odorat. Comme beaucoup d'antilopes, ses sens sont très développés, il peut donc facilement détecter un danger.
Ils ont comme prédateurs les lions, les léopards, les lycaons et les crocodiles. Ils ont une influence faible car leur habitat leur offre une protection naturelle. En outre, l'espèce nage et plonge très bien. L'homme est leur principal ennemi (chasse, destruction d'habitat). Ils sont rapides sur terrains aquatiques (67 km/h) maximum, mais moins rapides sur sols secs (33 km/h).
Ils se nourrissent de plantes herbacées et de plantes aquatiques.
Ils sont sociaux, ils se tiennent en troupe de 50 à des centaines ou même des milliers de bêtes. Les mâles font souvent du voisinage des troupeaux pour trouver une femelle.
Ils arrivent à leur maturité à l'âge de 1/2 ans.
Généralement 10 ans en nature et jusqu'à 21 ans en captivité.
Il est assez représenté dans les zoos, où il se reproduit et s'élève assez facilement.
Depuis 1996, cette espèce fait l’objet d’un programme d’élevage en captivité (EEP) coordonné par Nick Lindsay du Whipsnade Wild Animal Park (Angleterre). La population augmente au cours des années et on rencontre des cobes de Madame Gray dans plus d'une vingtaine de parcs zoologiques européens pour une population intéressante d'environ 250 animaux. Ce grand nombre d’individus est obtenu par la présence de cette espèce dans de nombreux parcs ayant de grandes prairies à leur offrir.
En France, on peut en trouver dans 6 parcs, dans le cadre d'une plaine africaine:
Il est classé Vulnérable depuis 1994, il ne reste plus que 30 000 individus dans la nature, à cause du braconnage et de la destruction de son habitat[3].
Cobe de Madame Gray
Kobus megaceros, le Cobe de Madame Gray, est une espèce d'antilopes de la famille des Bovidae restreinte au Soudan du Sud et à l'Éthiopie.
Il lichi del Nilo (Kobus megaceros) è un'antilope che vive nelle aree alluvionali del Sudan meridionale.
Il lichi del Nilo misura tra i 90 e i 100 centimetri al garrese e pesa tra i 70 e i 110 chilogrammi. Le femmine sono bruno-dorate con il ventre bianco e sono prive di corna. I maschi variano dal bruno cioccolato al marrone, con un «cappuccio» bianco sul garrese e piccole macchie bianche sugli occhi. Hanno lunghe corna strutturate a cresta che, viste di profilo, ricordano vagamente una «s».
I lichi del Nilo vivono in aree palustri, dove si nutrono di piante acquatiche. I lichi del Nilo sono crepuscolari, essendo attivi di primo mattino e nel tardo pomeriggio. Si raggruppano in branchi composti da fino a cinquanta femmine e da un solo maschio o in branchi più piccoli composti da soli maschi.
Durante la stagione degli amori i giovani maschi rivolgono le corna verso il suolo, come se dovessero frugare in terra. In seguito urinano sui loro lunghi peli della gola e del petto. I maschi combattono nell'acqua, immergendo le loro teste in combattimenti corna a corna. Queste contese sono solitamente brevi e violente. Le femmine sono abbastanza rumorose e mentre si spostano emettono un gracidio simile a quello di un rospo.
accesso richiede url (aiuto) Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of endangered. Il lichi del Nilo (Kobus megaceros) è un'antilope che vive nelle aree alluvionali del Sudan meridionale.
Il lichi del Nilo misura tra i 90 e i 100 centimetri al garrese e pesa tra i 70 e i 110 chilogrammi. Le femmine sono bruno-dorate con il ventre bianco e sono prive di corna. I maschi variano dal bruno cioccolato al marrone, con un «cappuccio» bianco sul garrese e piccole macchie bianche sugli occhi. Hanno lunghe corna strutturate a cresta che, viste di profilo, ricordano vagamente una «s».
I lichi del Nilo vivono in aree palustri, dove si nutrono di piante acquatiche. I lichi del Nilo sono crepuscolari, essendo attivi di primo mattino e nel tardo pomeriggio. Si raggruppano in branchi composti da fino a cinquanta femmine e da un solo maschio o in branchi più piccoli composti da soli maschi.
Durante la stagione degli amori i giovani maschi rivolgono le corna verso il suolo, come se dovessero frugare in terra. In seguito urinano sui loro lunghi peli della gola e del petto. I maschi combattono nell'acqua, immergendo le loro teste in combattimenti corna a corna. Queste contese sono solitamente brevi e violente. Le femmine sono abbastanza rumorose e mentre si spostano emettono un gracidio simile a quello di un rospo.
De Nijlantilope (Kobus megaceros) is een antilope uit het geslacht Kobus.
De schofthoogte varieert van 87 tot 100 cm. De vacht van het mannetje is bruinzwart met een brede, witte baan vanaf de ogen over de bovenhals. Een deel van de snuit en het midden van de buik zijn eveneens wit. De vrouwtjes hebben een gelig bruine vacht.
Deze soort komt voor in de moerassen van de Witte Nijl.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Kob nilowy (Kobus megaceros) – gatunek antylopy występujący w Afryce, w Sudanie Południowym i Etiopii, na terenach podmokłych, sawannie i innych terenach trawiastych. Wysokość w kłębie 90–100 cm, ważą 70–110 kg. Samice są żółto brązowe z białym podbrzuszem nie mają rogów. Samce są czarne lub rudobrunatne mają rogi.
Kob nilowy (Kobus megaceros) – gatunek antylopy występujący w Afryce, w Sudanie Południowym i Etiopii, na terenach podmokłych, sawannie i innych terenach trawiastych. Wysokość w kłębie 90–100 cm, ważą 70–110 kg. Samice są żółto brązowe z białym podbrzuszem nie mają rogów. Samce są czarne lub rudobrunatne mają rogi.
Kobus megaceros, conhecido popularmente como cobo-do-nilo, é uma espécie de antílope da família Bovidae. Pde ser encontrada no vale do Nilo Branco, no Sudão do Sul e na Etiópia.[1]
Kobus megaceros, conhecido popularmente como cobo-do-nilo, é uma espécie de antílope da família Bovidae. Pde ser encontrada no vale do Nilo Branco, no Sudão do Sul e na Etiópia.
Nilvattenbock (Kobus megaceros) är en afrikansk antilop som tillhör släktet vattenbockar.
Arten är jämförelsevis robust för en antilop och har långa hår. Den når en mankhöjd mellan 80 och 102 centimeter, en kroppslängd mellan 135 och 165 centimeter samt en vikt mellan 60 och 120 kilogram.
Liksom hos letjevattenbocken är nosen ganska kort. Klövarna är påfallande långa och den inre tån smalare än de yttre. Hannar har S-formiga horn som blir 50 till 80 centimeter långa. Hannarnas päls blir under individens liv allt mörkare tills den får en färg liksom mörk choklad eller helt svart. Bakom hornen har hannarna en vit fläck ungefär lika stor som en knytnäve. Från fläcken går ofta en bredare vit strimma mot främre ryggen. Mönstret liknar ibland en vit sadel. Även undersidan och svansen är vitaktiga. Honor saknar horn och är gulaktig till rödbrun, tydlig ljusare än hannar. De har ibland otydliga teckningar på pälsen.
Nilvattenbock lever endemisk i träskområdet Sudd i Sydsudan nära staden Malakal. Den Vita Nilen ändrar här hela tiden sitt lopp som ger träskmarken alltid ett annat utseende.
Individerna lever i grupper med upp till 50 eller mer medlemmar. Större grupper består av flera honor och en hanne. Dessutom finns mindre grupper med bara hannar. Födan utgörs nästan uteslutande av gräs och vattenväxter. Hannarna strider med varandra om rätten att para sig.
Dräktigheten varar i cirka 236 dagar och sedan föds vanligen ett enda ungdjur. Efter 6 till 8 månader är ungdjuret självständigt.[2]
Livslängden är bara känd för individer i fångenskap. Den är vanligen 11 år och i undantagsfall upp till 19 år.[2]
Omkring 1980 uppskattades populationen med 36 000 individer. Sedan minskade beståndet oroväckande och 2007 räknades med hjälp av helikoptrar bara 4291 individer som främst vistades i och nära naturskyddsområdet Zerat. IUCN listar arten därför som stark hotad (endangered).[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Nilvattenbock.
Nilvattenbock (Kobus megaceros) är en afrikansk antilop som tillhör släktet vattenbockar.
Nil leçvesi (Kobus megaceros), boynuzlugiller (Bovidae) familyasından Afrika'da yaşayan antilop türü.
Boy uzunluğu 135–165 cm, omuz yüksekliği 80–105 cm, kuyruk uzunluğu 45–50 cm, ağırlığı 60–120 kg dır. Eşey dimorfizmi vardır. Her iki eşeyde de boğaz yelesi veya sakal bulunur. Dişileri boynuzsuz olup beyazımsı sarı lekelerle bezeli sarı-kahverengi kürklüdür. Erkekleri uzun maun ya da siyahımsı kahverengi tüylüdür.
Üreme olgunluğuna dişiler 1,5 , erkekler 2,5 yılda ulaşır. Gebelik süresi 7-8 ay olup tek yavru dünyaya getirirler. Yavrular 4 ay sonra sütten kesilir. Ömrü 10 yıldır. Tek erkek ten 50 kadar yavru ve dişiden oluşan sürüler hâlinde yaşarlar.
Otlar ve su bitkileri ana besin kaynaklarıdır.
Yırtıcı memeliler, aslan, pars, Afrika yaban köpeği ve timsah ana düşmanlarıdır.
Nil leçvesi (Kobus megaceros), boynuzlugiller (Bovidae) familyasından Afrika'da yaşayan antilop türü.
Kobus megaceros là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này được Fitzinger mô tả năm 1855.[2]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Kobus megaceros tại Wikimedia Commons
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Bài viết về chủ đề Bộ Guốc chẵn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Kobus megaceros là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này được Fitzinger mô tả năm 1855.
Kobus megaceros (Fitzinger, 1855)
Охранный статус
Суданский козёл[1], или нильский личи[1][2] (лат. Kobus megaceros) — исчезающий вид антилоп рода водяные козлы, обитающий в поймах на территории Южного Судана и северо-западной части Эфиопии, преимущественно в болотистых районах. Численность популяции в дикой природе оценивалась в количестве от 30 000 до 40 000 животных в 1983 году, более современных данных о численности нет.
Суданский козёл имеет рост 90—100 сантиметров в холке и весит от 70 до 110 килограммов. Мех является ворсистыми с особенно длинными волосами на щеках у обоих полов, а у самцов могут быть ещё более длинные волосы на шеях. У суданских козлов наблюдается половой диморфизм. Окраска самок — золотисто-коричневая (у молодняка самцов такая окраска тоже присутствует, но она исчезает, когда они достигают 2—3-летнего возраста) с белым низом живота; рога отсутствуют. Окраска самцов — шоколадно-коричневого или красновато-коричневого цвета с белой «накидкой» на плечах и маленькими белыми участками у глаз. Рога вырастают до длины в 50—80 см, имеют изогнутую, «лировидную» форму. Средняя продолжительность жизни — от 10 к 11,5 лет, максимальная — до 19 годам.
Суданские козлы способны издавать громкие звуки с целью общения между собой и подачи сигналов. Крики самок напоминают кваканье жаб. Суданские козлы относятся к так называемым «сумеречным» животным, активных в вечерние часы и перед рассветом. Образуют стада, где на одного самца может приходиться до 15 самок. Питаются суккулентами, диким рисом и водными растениями. Половой зрелости достигают к двухлетнему возрасту, распространены бои на рогах за самок во время брачного сезона. Самка приносит одного детёныша после 7—9 месяцев беременности, в возрасте 6—8 месяцев он становится самостоятельным.
Суданский козёл, или нильский личи (лат. Kobus megaceros) — исчезающий вид антилоп рода водяные козлы, обитающий в поймах на территории Южного Судана и северо-западной части Эфиопии, преимущественно в болотистых районах. Численность популяции в дикой природе оценивалась в количестве от 30 000 до 40 000 животных в 1983 году, более современных данных о численности нет.
大角驴羚（學名Kobus megaceros）是一種生活在南蘇丹氾濫平原的羚羊。
大角驴羚肩高90-100厘米，體重70-110公斤。雌性呈金褐色，在其腹部呈白色，沒有角。雄性是黑褐色至紅褐色，在肩部有白色鈎狀斑紋，而在眼睛附近有白點，有呈「S」形的長角。
大角驴羚在沼澤地區生活，吃水中植物。牠們是曙暮性動物，喜在破曉或黃昏時出沒。牠們的族群最多是15頭雌性及一頭雄性，或是全數雄性卻為數更少。
在交配季節，年青的雄性會將頭垂下至地面，彷彿用角鑿地，並在牠的頸及頰毛上撒尿。雄性會在水中打鬥，以頭上的角角力。這些競爭往往都很短時間但很激烈。雌性則會在行走時大聲發出彷彿蟾蜍的叫聲。
大角驴羚（學名Kobus megaceros）是一種生活在南蘇丹氾濫平原的羚羊。
大角驴羚肩高90-100厘米，體重70-110公斤。雌性呈金褐色，在其腹部呈白色，沒有角。雄性是黑褐色至紅褐色，在肩部有白色鈎狀斑紋，而在眼睛附近有白點，有呈「S」形的長角。
大角驴羚在沼澤地區生活，吃水中植物。牠們是曙暮性動物，喜在破曉或黃昏時出沒。牠們的族群最多是15頭雌性及一頭雄性，或是全數雄性卻為數更少。
在交配季節，年青的雄性會將頭垂下至地面，彷彿用角鑿地，並在牠的頸及頰毛上撒尿。雄性會在水中打鬥，以頭上的角角力。這些競爭往往都很短時間但很激烈。雌性則會在行走時大聲發出彷彿蟾蜍的叫聲。
나일리추에(Kobus megaceros)는 소과 물영양속에 속하는 영양의 일종이다. 1855년 피징거(Leopold Fitzinger)가 처음 기술했다. 남수단과 에티오피아 남서부의 범람원에서 서식하며, 어깨높이는 90~100cm 몸무게는 70~80kg 정도이다. 나일리추에는 초식동물로 주식은 물가루나 풀, 나무 열매나 나뭇 가지 등이다. 에티오피아와 수단에서 발견된다. 개체수가 점점 줄어들고 있어서 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)에서 멸종 위기종으로 분류하고 있다.
나일리추에(Kobus megaceros)는 소과 물영양속에 속하는 영양의 일종이다. 1855년 피징거(Leopold Fitzinger)가 처음 기술했다. 남수단과 에티오피아 남서부의 범람원에서 서식하며, 어깨높이는 90~100cm 몸무게는 70~80kg 정도이다. 나일리추에는 초식동물로 주식은 물가루나 풀, 나무 열매나 나뭇 가지 등이다. 에티오피아와 수단에서 발견된다. 개체수가 점점 줄어들고 있어서 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)에서 멸종 위기종으로 분류하고 있다.
