dcsimg

Associations ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Western pygmy possums are small and are likely to fall prey to a number of small to medium sized nocturnal predators, such as introduced, domestic cats and snakes. Their nocturnality and arboreality is likely to protect them from some predation.

Known Predators:

  • domestic cats (Felis silvestris)
  • snakes (Serpentes)
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
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Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Western pygmy possums are small, nocturnal marsupials. Adults average 80 mm in body length, with an 86 mm long tail to aid them when moving through foliage. The average weight of an adult is only 13 grams. They are fawn or reddish-brown on the dorsal side, and are white ventrally with a finely-scaled naked tail. These pygmy possums have a noticeably whiskered and short, pointed snout, very large eyes which are well adapted for seeing at night, and thin rounded ears. For comparison, western pygmy possums are no larger than a typical kiwi fruit.

Average mass: 13 g.

Average length: 80 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
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Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Expectancy ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

No information was found on longevity in western pygmy possums.

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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
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Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Habitat ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Western pygmy possums are terrestrial mammals that reside in temperate forests in Australia. These pygmy possums are arboreal and tend to nest during the day in a tree hollow filled with leaves, but can also nest on the ground in clumps of twigs. They prefer habitats with a dense shrubby understory that provides shelter and food. They are most abundant in the woodlands of southwest Western Australia, and can also be found in some bushlands. While small remnants of bushland can provide suitable habitat, they may not be large enough to support viable populations of western pygmy possums in the long term. Structurally diverse habitats are necessary for nesting and traveling. Western pygmy possums prefer to travel using clumps of twigs or leaf litter as cover, indicating that diverse ground cover should be a focus of conservation efforts.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest

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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
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Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Distribution ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Western pygmy possums are found only on the Australian continent, more specifically in the southwestern, southern, and southeastern portions of Australia. Cercartetus concinnus has been found in only 50 locations within the New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia areas of the continent.

Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )

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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
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Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Trophic Strategy ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Based on their general biology and morphology it was initially thought that western pygmy possums were primarily insectivorous. A study done by Horner in 1994 found an abundance of Banksia pollen in the feces of western pygmy possums, with no invertebrate remains present. However, soft-bodied invertebrates, like pupae and larvae, are usually assumed to be totally digestible and would not be found in any scat samples. These possums are currently considered nectarivorous, but may also be insectivorous. They have also been found to prey on small lizards (Smith 1995).

Animal Foods: reptiles; insects

Plant Foods: nectar

Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore ); herbivore (Nectarivore )

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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
مؤلف
Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Western pygmy possums serve as prey for small to medium-sized nocturnal predators in Australia. They may also serve a role in pollinating plants through their nectarivory.

Ecosystem Impact: pollinates

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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
مؤلف
Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
محرر
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
محرر
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Western pygmy possums are important members of the native ecosystems in which they live.

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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
مؤلف
Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
محرر
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
محرر
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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زيارة المصدر
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Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

There are no known adverse effects of western pygmy possums on humans.

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
مؤلف
Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
محرر
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Animal Diversity Web

Conservation Status ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Western pygmy possums are listed as endangered under Schedule 1 of the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. However, they are listed as common but limited throughout the rest of their range in southern Australia.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
مؤلف
Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
محرر
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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غير معنونة ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

There is little ecological literature on western pygmy possums since their nocturnal and arboreal lifestyle makes data acquisition difficult. Lack of detailed knowledge may be one of the most important factors threatening the conservation efforts of this species.

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
مؤلف
Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Animal Diversity Web

Behavior ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Like other pygmy possums, western pygmy possums have keen senses of vision, hearing, taste, and touch. They probably use chemical cues to communicate reproductive state.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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حقوق النشر
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
مؤلف
Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
محرر
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
محرر
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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زيارة المصدر
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Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Little information on mating systems in western pygmy possums is available in the literature.

Western pygmy possums can breed year-round when conditions are favorable. However, females can employ delayed implantation if it is necessary to delay reproduction until environmental conditions are more suitable for reproduction (Pestell 2005). Females typically enter torpor to escape poor environmental conditions, such as low temperatures or decreased food resources, and implantation of the embryo occurs when conditions are again favorable.

Female western pygmy possums differ from other members of the Burramyidae family in that they have six teats in their forward-facing pouch, rather than four (Pestell 2005). Breeding can occur anytime throughout the year. A typical female may give birth to 2 or 3 litters of up to 6 young in a year. The young typically remain in the pouch for their first 25 days, after which they are transferred to a nest.

Breeding interval: Females can breed 2 to 3 times a year.

Breeding season: Western pygmy possums can breed throughout the year if conditions are favorable.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 6.

Average time to independence: 25 days.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous ; delayed implantation

Female western pygmy possums care for and protect their young until they reach independence, but little is known about the details of parental investment and development in these possums.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Pollen, R. 2007. "Cercartetus concinnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercartetus_concinnus.html
مؤلف
Ryan Pollen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
محرر
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Animal Diversity Web

Posom korr ar c'hornôg ( البريتانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia BR
lang="br" dir="ltr">

Posom korr ar c'hornôg (Cercartetus concinnus) a zo ur bronneg godellek hag a vev e su Aostralia.

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Pòssum pigmeu occidental ( الكتالونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CA

El pòssum pigmeu occidental (Cercartetus concinnus), conegut també com a mundarda, és un petit marsupial originari d'Austràlia.[1] Té una distribució fragmentària que inclou el sud-oest d'Austràlia Occidental, així com zones de conreu de blat d'Austràlia Meridional, Kangaroo Island i Victòria, al sud fins a Edenhope. També viu a l'extrem sud-occidental de Nova Gal·les del Sud.[2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Pòssum pigmeu occidental Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Groves, Colin. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (editors). Mammal Species of the World (en anglès). 3a ed.. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, pàg. 44-45. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. (anglès)
  2. Menkhorst, Peter. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 88.


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Pòssum pigmeu occidental: Brief Summary ( الكتالونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CA

El pòssum pigmeu occidental (Cercartetus concinnus), conegut també com a mundarda, és un petit marsupial originari d'Austràlia. Té una distribució fragmentària que inclou el sud-oest d'Austràlia Occidental, així com zones de conreu de blat d'Austràlia Meridional, Kangaroo Island i Victòria, al sud fins a Edenhope. També viu a l'extrem sud-occidental de Nova Gal·les del Sud.

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Dünnschwanz-Schlafbeutler ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE

Der Dünnschwanz-Schlafbeutler (Cercartetus concinnus), auch bekannt als Südwestlicher Schlafbeutler, ist ein kleines Beuteltier, das ausschließlich in Australien vorkommt. Genetische Untersuchungen belegen, dass er ein nächster Verwandter der Dickschwanz-Schlafbeutler (C. nanus)[1] ist und dass ihr gemeinsamer Vorfahre vor rund acht Millionen Jahren gelebt hat.[2]

Beschreibung

Im Unterschied zu seinen grauen Verwandten aus der Gattung Cercartetus hat der Dünnschwanz-Schlafbeutler eine helle, zimtfarbene Rückenseite.[3] Die Bauchseite ist komplett weiß, was ihn ebenfalls von seiner Verwandtschaft unterscheidet. Vor den Augen ist das Fell ein wenig dunkler. Es besitzt große ovale Ohren, große Augen und lange Tasthaare. Der Schwanz ist lang, mehr gestreift als der Körper und wird als Greiforgan genutzt. An den Hinterfüßen haben sie opponierbare Zehen. Alle vier Füße besitzen robuste Ballen an den Spitzen der Zehen.[4]

Im Vergleich zu anderen Possumarten ist der Dünnschwanz-Schlafbeutler einer der Kleinsten. Ausgewachsene Tiere erreichen eine Körperlänge von 5,7 bis 7,2 cm mit einem 7,7 bis 8,7 cm langen Schwanz. Das Körpergewicht von ausgewachsenen Tieren beträgt etwa 8 bis 21 g. Die Weibchen besitzen einen gut entwickelten Beutel, der in Kopfrichtung geöffnet ist und sechs Zitzen enthält. Mit einer Länge von 1,2 cm ist die Zunge für ein so kleines Tier ungewöhnlich lang.[4]

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet

Die Dünnschwanz-Schlafbeutler kommen unregelmäßig sowohl im Südwesten von Westaustralien als auch im Getreidegürtel in Süden Australiens, auf der Känguru-Insel und in Victoria im Süden von Edenhope vor.[3] Ebenfalls wurde es im entfernten südwestlichen Neusüdwales gesichtet und zählt dort zu den gefährdeten Arten.[5] Es bewohnt semiaride Waldgebiet und Buschland dominiert durch Pflanzen wie Strauchkastanien, Myrtenheide, Banksia und Grevillea.[4] Früher gab es zwei Unterarten, welche durch die Nullarbor-Ebene voneinander getrennt waren. Genetische Untersuchungen ergaben allerdings keinen klaren Unterschied zwischen den östlichen und westlichen Populationen.[2] Mittlerweile ist die Art in der Nullarbor-Ebene nicht mehr heimisch, es gibt aber fossile Funde, die dies bestätigen.[4]

Verhalten und Ernährung

Der Dünnschwanz-Schlafbeutler ist ein Einzelgänger und nachtaktiv.[3] Während des Tages verstecken sie sich in Baumlöchern oder natürlichen Spalten, Vogelnestern oder dichter Vegetation. In der Nacht sind sie auf der Suche nach Nahrung oder einem Partner. Typischerweise wandern sie jeden Tag (Nacht) etwa 50 m und besuchen so, abhängig von den lokalen pflanzlichen Ressourcen, verschiedene Gebiete im Verlaufe eines Jahres. Sie verbringen die meiste Zeit in den Bäumen und nutzen ihre Greifpfoten und den Greifschwanz, um sich festzuhalten, Nestmaterial zu sammeln oder Blumen zu öffnen, um den Nektar zu trinken. Sie erzeugen einen schnellen klappernden Laut.[4]

Sie ernähren sich hauptsächlich von Nektar und Pollen, speziell von Pflanzen wie der Myrtenheide und Eukalyptus und spielen eine Rolle in der Pollenübertragung.[6] Als Ergänzung fressen sie auch manchmal Insekten.[3] Natürliche Feinde sind Beutelmarder, Schlangen, Eulen und seit der Kolonisation auch Rotfüchse und Hauskatzen.[4]

Dünnschwanz-Schlafbeutler sind in der Lage, in einen Schlafzustand zu verfallen, wenn das Wetter zu kalt und rau ist. Dies erlaubt ihnen, Energie und Futterreserven zu sparen. Während der Starre, die höchstens sieben Tage andauern kann, fällt die Körpertemperatur auf die Umgebungstemperatur ab und der Sauerstoffverbrauch ist nur noch 1 % des normalen Verbrauches. Sie schlafen auf dem Bauch mit den Ohren über die Augen gefaltet und ihrem Schwanz aufgerollt unter ihrem Körper. Im Vergleich zu anderen Säugetieren gleicher Körpergröße erwachen sie sehr viel schneller aus ihrer Starre.[7]

Fortpflanzung

Die Dünnschwanz-Schlafbeutler gebären 4 bis 6 Junge und können sich das ganze Jahr über vermehren, aber üblicherweise findet dies im Frühling statt. Die Mutter trägt häufig mehr als 6 Embryos zur gleichen Zeit in ihrem Mutterleib. Aber da sie nur 6 Zitzen hat und sich Beuteltiere für längere Zeit an einer Zitze festsaugen, ist die maximale Anzahl an Jungen, die sie aufziehen kann, 6.[8] Manchmal, wenn die Mutter ein Junges entwöhnt hat, gebärt sie nach wenigen Tagen bereits ein neues. Dies bedeutet eine starke Veränderung in der Größe ihrer Zitzen, um dem winzigen Neugeborenen das Trinken zu ermöglichen. Die Milchdrüsen produzieren dann wieder zunächst die sogenannte Erstmilch (Colostrum).[4] Wenn die Jungen den Beutel verlassen, sind sie noch blind und etwa 25 Tage alt. Sie verweilen zunächst noch im Nest, sind aber mit etwa 50 Tagen völlig entwöhnt. Weibchen erreichen ihre sexuelle Reife mit etwa 12–15 Monaten.[4]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Systematics and biogeography of pygmy possums (Burramyidae : Cercartetus). In: www.academia.edu. Abgerufen am 6. April 2016.
  2. a b A.J.L. Pestell, S.J.B. Cooper, K. Saint, S. Petit: Genetic structure of the western pygmy possum, Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) based on mitochondrial DNA. In: Australian Mammalogy. Band 29, Nr. 2, 1. Januar 2007, S. 191–200 (csiro.au [abgerufen am 6. April 2016]).
  3. a b c d A field guide to the mammals of Australia / Peter Menkhorst, Frank Knight - Details. In: Trove. Abgerufen am 6. April 2016.
  4. a b c d e f g h Jamie M. Harris: Cercartetus concinnus (Diprotodontia: Burramyidae). In: Mammalian Species. Band 831, 27. Mai 2009, S. 1–11, doi:10.1644/831.1 (oxfordjournals.org [abgerufen am 6. April 2016]). Cercartetus concinnus (Diprotodontia: Burramyidae) (Memento des Originals vom 6. April 2016 im Internet Archive)  src= Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.@1@2Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/mspecies.oxfordjournals.org
  5. New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service: Western pygmy-possum (Cercartetus concinnus) approved recovery plan. Abgerufen am 10. Juni 2011.
  6. A.J.L. Pestell, S. Petit: Diet of the western pygmy possum, Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae), at Innes National Park, South Australia, and evaluation of diet sampling methods. In: Australian Journal of Zoology. Band 55, Nr. 5, 1. Januar 2008, S. 275–284, doi:10.1071/ZO07037.
  7. Fritz Geiser: Hibernation and Daily Torpor in Two Pygmy Possums (Cercartetus Spp., Marsupialia). In: Physiological Zoology. Band 60, Nr. 1, 1. Januar 1987, S. 93–102, JSTOR:30158631.
  8. Simon J. Ward: Numbers of Teats and Pre- and Post-Natal Litter Sizes in Small Diprotodont Marsupials. In: Journal of Mammalogy. Band 79, Nr. 3, 1. Januar 1998, S. 999–1008, doi:10.2307/1383108.
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Dünnschwanz-Schlafbeutler: Brief Summary ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE

Der Dünnschwanz-Schlafbeutler (Cercartetus concinnus), auch bekannt als Südwestlicher Schlafbeutler, ist ein kleines Beuteltier, das ausschließlich in Australien vorkommt. Genetische Untersuchungen belegen, dass er ein nächster Verwandter der Dickschwanz-Schlafbeutler (C. nanus) ist und dass ihr gemeinsamer Vorfahre vor rund acht Millionen Jahren gelebt hat.

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Western pygmy possum ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

The western pygmy possum (Cercartetus concinnus), also known as the southwestern pygmy possum or the mundarda, is a small marsupial found in Australia. Genetic studies indicate its closest relative is probably the eastern pygmy possum,[4] from which its ancestors diverged around eight million years ago.[5]

Taxonomy

John Gould provided the first description of Cercartetus concinnus, which was read before the Zoological Society of London and published in 1845. Gould assigned the new species to the genus Dromicia, recognising an affinity with a previously described species found in Tasmania.[3] The animal was also described in the same year as Phalangista (Dromicia) neillii by G. R. Waterhouse, recognised as a synonym of the species.[6]

Description

The western pygmy possum is unusual in Cercartetus, as, unlike its grey relatives, the fur over most of its body is a bright cinnamon colour. It has pure white underparts, which also distinguishes it from its relatives, and has a thin ring of dark brown fur in front of the eyes. It possesses long and rounded flesh-coloured ears, large and black protruding eyes. The muzzle is only sparsely covered in hair, showing the pink colour at the bare parts.[7] The species has long whiskers. The prehensile tail is long and covered with fine scales, rather than fur, and not enlarged at the base. The hind feet have opposable first digits, while all four feet have broad pads at the tips of the toes.[8]

Although small compared with most other possums, it is one of the larger pygmy possums, with adults ranging from 70–100 millimetres in head-body length with a tail 70–90 mm long. Adult weight ranges from 8 to 18 grams. The female has a well-developed pouch, opening to the front, containing six teats.[7] At up to 12 mm in length, the tongue is unusually large for such a small animal.[8]

Distribution and habitat

This possum is vulnerable due to habitat loss and lack of food. The distribution range includes Southwest Australia, on the south coast and the wheatbelt, and areas of South Australia, Kangaroo Island, and Victoria south to Edenhope.[7] It is also found in far southwestern New South Wales, where it is listed as endangered.[9] It inhabits semi-arid woodland, shrubland, and heath, dominated by plants such as Callistemon (bottlebrushes), melaleuca, banksia, and grevillea.[8] Although there had been previously thought to be two subspecies, separated in distribution by the Nullarbor Plain, genetic studies have not revealed any significant difference between the eastern and western populations.[5] Furthermore, while the species is no longer native to the area, fossils from the Nullarbor Plain region are known.[8]

Behaviour and diet

The western pygmy possum is solitary and nocturnal.[10] During the day, they shelter in tree hollows or other natural crevices, birds' nests, or dense vegetation. At night, they travel in search of food or mates, typically moving around 50 m (160 ft) each day, and they may migrate to different areas over the course of a year, depending on local plant resources. They spend most of their time in the trees, using their grasping paws and prehensile tails to grip onto branches, grasp nest materials, and open flowers to access nectar. They have been described as making a rapid chattering noise.[8]

It feeds primarily on nectar and pollen, especially from plants such as melaleuca and eucalyptus, and may play a role in the pollination.[11] It also supplements its diet with insects.[7] Native predators include quolls, snakes, and owls, although in modern times, the animal also falls prey to introduced carnivores such as red foxes and domestic cats.[8]

Western pygmy possums have the ability to enter torpor during inclement or cold weather, enabling them to conserve energy and food reserves. During bouts of torpor, which may last for up to seven days at a time, body temperature falls to within one degree Celsius of ambient, and oxygen consumption to just 1% of normal. They sleep on their fronts, with their ears folded over their eyes, and their long tails coiled beneath their bodies. Compared with other mammals of similar size, they rouse from torpor unusually quickly.[12]

Reproduction

Western pygmy possums can breed throughout the year, although they do so more commonly in the spring, and give birth to litters of four to six young. The mother often carries more than six embryos at a time in her womb, but because she has only six teats, and marsupial young remain attached to an individual teat for much of their early lives, six is the maximum number she is able to rear.[13] Unusually, however, the mother may give birth just two days after weaning a previous litter, with her teats dramatically changing in size to accommodate the smaller young, and the mammary glands reverting to production of colostrum.[8]

The young are still blind when they leave the pouch at around 25 days of age; they initially remain within the nest, and are fully weaned at around 50 days. Females reach sexual maturity at 12 to 15 months old.[8]

Conservation

The species is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. However, several Australian states (New South Wales and South Australia) and individual parks and conservation regions have nationally listed it as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered due to the pressure from vegetation clearing, the reduction of food sources (overgrazing of livestock), fire regimes, and introduced predators such as the red fox and feral cats.[8][14]

References

  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 44–45. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Burbidge, A.; Morris, K.; Ellis, M.; van Weenen, J.; Menkhorst, P. (2016). "Cercartetus concinnus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T40576A21963278. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T40576A21963278.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b Gould, J. (1845). "On three new Species of Birds from China ; and on a small Mammal and new Grallatorial Bird from Western Australia". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1845: 1–3.
  4. ^ Osborne, M.J. & Christidis, L. (2002). "Systematics and biogeography of pygmy possums (Burramyidae: Cercartetus)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 50 (1): 25–37. doi:10.1071/ZO01071.
  5. ^ a b Pestell, A.J.L.; et al. (2008). "Genetic structure of the western pygmy possum Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) based on mitochondrial DNA". Australian Mammalogy. 29 (2): 191–200. doi:10.1071/AM07023.
  6. ^ "Australian Faunal Directory". biodiversity.org.au. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d Menkhorst, P.W.; Knight, F. (2011). A field guide to the mammals of Australia (3rd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 92. ISBN 9780195573954.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Harris, J.M. (2009). "Cercartetus concinnus (Diprotodontia: Burramyidae)". Mammalian Species. 831: 1–11. doi:10.1644/831.1.
  9. ^ New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. "Western pygmy-possum (Cercartetus concinnus) approved recovery plan" (PDF). Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  10. ^ Menkhorst, Peter (2001). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press. p. 88.
  11. ^ Pestell, A.J.L. & Petit, S. (2007). "Diet of the western pygmy possum, Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae), at Innes National Park, South Australia, and evaluation of diet sampling methods". Australian Journal of Zoology. 55 (5): 275–284. doi:10.1071/ZO07037.
  12. ^ Geiser, F. (1987). "Hibernation and daily torpor in two pygmy possums (Cercartetus spp., Marsupialia)". Physiological Zoology. 60 (1): 93–102. doi:10.1086/physzool.60.1.30158631. JSTOR 30158631. S2CID 34145896.
  13. ^ Ward, S.J. (1998). "Numbers of teats and pre- and post-natal litter sizes in small diprotodont marsupials". Journal of Mammalogy. 79 (3): 999–1008. doi:10.2307/1383108. JSTOR 1383108.
  14. ^ "Threatened Species at Cleland Wildlife Park" (PDF). Discovery Circle.

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Western pygmy possum: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

The western pygmy possum (Cercartetus concinnus), also known as the southwestern pygmy possum or the mundarda, is a small marsupial found in Australia. Genetic studies indicate its closest relative is probably the eastern pygmy possum, from which its ancestors diverged around eight million years ago.

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Cercartetus concinnus ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

La zarigüeya pigmea del suroeste (Cercartetus concinnus) o posum pigmeo del suroeste, zarigüeya pigmea occidental o mundarda, es un pequeño marsupial que habita en Australia. Los estudios genéticos indican que el pariente más cercano de esta especie es probablemente la zarigüeya pigmea oriental,[3]​ de la que sus ancestros divergieron hace unos ocho millones de años.[4]

Descripción

La zarigüeya pigmea del suroeste es inusual entre los cuatro miembros de su género., ya que, a diferencia de sus parientes grises, el pelo sobre la mayor parte de su cuerpo es de un tono canela brillante.[5]​ Además posee partes inferiores son blanco níveo, lo que también la distingue de sus parientes, y tiene un parche de pelaje más oscuro delante de los ojos. Posee grandes orejas ovaladas, ojos grandes y bigotes largos. La cola es larga y prensil, y está cubierta de escamas finas, en lugar de pelo. Las patas traseras tienen un primer dígito opuesto, mientras que las cuatro patas tienen almohadillas grandes en la punta de los dedos.[6]

Aunque es pequeña en comparación con otras zarigüeyas, es una de las más grandes zarigüeyas pigmeas, la cabeza y cuerpo de los adultos miden entre 5.7 a 7.2 cm y su cola de 7.7 a 8.7 cm. Los adultos pesan entre 8 y 21 g. La hembra tiene una bolsa bien desarrollada, la apertura hacia el frente, y que contiene seis mamas. Su lengua llega a medir un máximo de 1.2 cm de longitud, es inusualmente grande para un animal tan pequeño.[6]

Distribución y hábitat

Cuenta con una distribución irregular, que incluye el suroeste de Australia Occidental, así como áreas del cinturón de trigo del sur de Australia, la isla Canguro y Victoria al sur de Edenhope.[5]​ También se encuentra en el extremo sur de Nueva Gales del Sur-occidental, donde es considerada en peligro[7]​ Habita bosques semiáridos, matorrales y brezales, dominados por plantas como la limpia botellas, melaleuca, banksia y grevillea.[6]​ A pesar de que se había pensado previamente que existían dos subespecies, separadas en la distribución de la Llanura de Nullarbor, los estudios genéticos no revelaron ninguna diferencia significativa entre las poblaciones oriental y occidental.[4]​ Además, si bien la especie no es nativa de la zona, se han encontrado fósiles de la región de llanura de Nullarbor.[6]

Comportamiento y dieta

La zarigüeya pigmea del suroeste es solitaria y nocturna.[5]​ Durante el día se refugian en huecos de árboles o grietas naturales, nidos de pájaros, o la vegetación densa. Durante la noche, se desplazan en busca de comida o compañeros, cubriendo unos 50 m cada día, y pueden migrar a zonas diferentes en el curso de un año, dependiendo de los recursos vegetales locales. Pasan la mayor parte de su tiempo en los árboles, utilizando sus patas y colas prensiles para agarrar ramas, sujetar los materiales de nidos, y las flores abiertas para acceder al néctar. Producen un chasquido vibratorio rápido.[6]

Se alimenta principalmente de néctar y polen, especialmente de plantas tales como melaleuca y eucalipto, y puede desempeñar un papel en la polinización.[8]​ También complementa su dieta con pequeñas cantidades de insectos, sus depredadores[5]​ nativos incluyen quolls, serpientes y búhos, aunque en los tiempos modernos, el animal también cae presa de los carnívoros introducidos, tales como el zorro rojo y gatos domésticos.[6]

Las zarigüeyas pigmeas del suroeste tienen la capacidad de entrar en letargo durante tiempo inclemente o frío, lo que les permite conservar las reservas de energía y los alimentos. Durante el letargo, que puede durar hasta siete días seguidos, la temperatura corporal cae a menos de un grado Celsius por sobre la temperatura ambiente, y el consumo de oxígeno a sólo un 1 % de lo normal. Duermen en su frente, con las orejas dobladas sobre sus ojos, y la larga cola enrollada debajo de su cuerpo. En comparación con otros mamíferos de tamaño similar, despiertan del letargo con inusual rapidez.[9]

Reproducción

Las zarigüeyas pigmeas del suroeste pueden criar durante todo el año, aunque lo hacen con mayor frecuencia en la primavera, y dan a luz camadas de cuatro a seis crías. Aunque la madre a menudo lleva más de seis embriones a la vez en su vientre, porque tiene sólo seis mamas, y los marsupial jóvenes permanecen unidos a un pezón durante gran parte de su vida temprana, seis es el número máximo que es capaz de criar.[10]​ Excepcionalmente, sin embargo, la madre puede dar a luz sólo dos días después del destete de una camada anterior, y las tetas cambian dramáticamente de tamaño para dar cabida a los jóvenes más pequeños, y las glándulas mamarias de volver a la producción de calostro.[6]

Los jóvenes son ciegos cuando salen de la bolsa en torno a los 25 días de edad, por lo que inicialmente permanecen dentro del nido, y son completamente destetados cerca de 50 días luego de nacer. Las hembras alcanzan la madurez sexual a los doce a quince meses.[6]

Referencias

  1. Groves, Colin (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 44-45. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. Burbidge, A., Morris, K., Ellis, M., van Weenen, J. & Menkhorst, P. (2016). «Cercartetus concinnus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2017.3 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 4 de agosto de 2018.
  3. Osborne, MJ y Christidis, L. (2002). «Sistemática y biogeografía de zarigüeya pigmea (Burramyidae: Cercartetus)». Australian Journal of Zoology 50 (1): 25-37. doi:10.1071/ZO01071.
  4. a b Pestell, AJL Et al (2008). «Genetic structure of the western pygmy possum Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) based on mitochondrial DNA». Australian Mammalogy 29 (2): 191-200. doi:10.1071/AM07023.
  5. a b c d Menkhorst, Peter (2001). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press. p. 88.
  6. a b c d e f g h Harris, JM (2009). «Cercartetus concinnus (Diprotodontia: Burramyidae)». Mammalian Species 831: 1-11. doi:10.1644/831.1.
  7. New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. «Western pygmy-possum (Cercartetus concinnus) approved recovery plan» (PDF) (en inglés). Consultado el 10 de junio de 2011.
  8. Pestell, A.J.L. & Petit, S. (2007). «Diet of the western pygmy possum, Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae), at Innes National Park, South Australia, and evaluation of diet sampling methods». Australian Journal of Zoology 55 (5): 275-284. doi:10.1071/ZO07037.
  9. Geiser, F. (1987). «hibernación y letargo al día en dos zarigüeyas pigmeas ( Cercartetus spp, Marsupialia)». Physiological Zoology 60 (1): 93-102. JSTOR 30158631.
  10. Ward, SJ (1998). «El número de tetinas y tamaños de camada pre-y post-natal en pequeños marsupiales diprotodont». Diario de Mastozoología 79 (3): 999-1008. JSTOR 1383108. doi:10.2307/1383108.

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Cercartetus concinnus: Brief Summary ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

La zarigüeya pigmea del suroeste (Cercartetus concinnus) o posum pigmeo del suroeste, zarigüeya pigmea occidental o mundarda, es un pequeño marsupial que habita en Australia. Los estudios genéticos indican que el pariente más cercano de esta especie es probablemente la zarigüeya pigmea oriental,​ de la que sus ancestros divergieron hace unos ocho millones de años.​

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Cercartetus concinnus ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU

Cercartetus concinnus Cercartetus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. [[Burramyidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Gould (1845) 1845 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 2. or..

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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Cercartetus concinnus: Brief Summary ( الباسكية )

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Cercartetus concinnus Cercartetus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. [[Burramyidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Cercartetus concinnus ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Le Cercartetus concinnus (Cercartetus concinnus, en anglais : the Southwestern Pygmy Possum ou the Western Pygmy Possum ou the Mundarda) est un opossum pygmée du Sud de l'Australie.

Description

Il ressemble aux autres opossums pygmées mais s'en distingue par la couleur cannelle de son pelage qui devient blanche sur le ventre.

Distribution et habitat

On le trouve dans la partie Sud-Ouest de l'Australie Occidentale ainsi que dans les zones céréalières de l'Australie-Méridionale et du Sud de l'État de Victoria jusqu'à Edenhope. On le trouve aussi dans l'île de Kangaroo Island.

Mode de vie

C'est un animal nocturne qui passe ses journées dans un nid au sommet des arbres, ne descendant que la nuit pour se nourrir.

Alimentation

Il se nourrit d'invertébrés et de nectar.

Références

  • (en) Référence UICN : espèce Cercartetus concinnus (Gould, 1845) (consulté le 17 mai 2015)
  • Groves, Colin (16 November 2005). in Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 44-45. (ISBN 0-8018-8221-4).
  • Australasian Marsupial & Monotreme Specialist Group (1996). Cercartetus concinnus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-26.
  • a b Menkhorst, Peter (2001). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press, 88.

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Cercartetus concinnus: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Le Cercartetus concinnus (Cercartetus concinnus, en anglais : the Southwestern Pygmy Possum ou the Western Pygmy Possum ou the Mundarda) est un opossum pygmée du Sud de l'Australie.

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Cercartetus concinnus ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

L'opossum pigmeo sud-occidentale (Cercartetus concinnus Gould, 1845) è un piccolo marsupiale della famiglia dei Burramidi originario dell'Australia[2]. Gli studi genetici indicano che il suo parente più prossimo è probabilmente l'opossum pigmeo orientale[3], dal quale i suoi antenati si separarono circa otto milioni di anni fa[4].

Descrizione

L'opossum pigmeo sud-occidentale si differenzia da tutte le altre specie del genere Cercartetus per il fatto di avere gran parte del pelo di colore cannella acceso, non grigio[5]. Ha le regioni inferiori di colore bianco candido, diversamente dai suoi parenti, e una macchia relativamente indistinta di pelo più scuro davanti agli occhi. Possiede orecchie più grandi, di forma ovale, grandi occhi, e lunghe vibrisse. La coda è lunga e prensile ed è ricoperta, più che da peli, da squame sottili. Le zampe posteriori hanno il primo dito opponibile, mentre tutte e quattro le zampe presentano larghi cuscinetti all'estremità delle dita[6].

Nonostante abbia dimensioni relativamente piccole se paragonate a quelle della maggior parte degli altri opossum, è uno degli opossum pigmei più grandi, con esemplari adulti che hanno una lunghezza testa-corpo di 5,7-7,2 cm e una coda di 7,7-8,7 cm. Pesa 8-21 g. La femmina possiede un marsupio ben sviluppato, aperto sul davanti, contenente sei capezzoli. Pur essendo così piccolo, ha una lingua insolitamente lunga, che raggiunge gli 1,2 cm[6].

Biologia

Comportamento

L'opossum pigmeo sud-occidentale conduce vita solitaria e notturna[5]. Durante il giorno rimane nascosto nelle cavità degli alberi o in altre fenditure naturali, in nidi abbandonati di uccello o tra la fitta vegetazione. Di notte effettua spostamenti alla ricerca di cibo o di partner con cui accoppiarsi, coprendo ogni notte distanze di circa 50 m, e nel corso dell'anno può migrare anche verso altre zone a seconda della disponibilità locale delle piante di cui si nutre. Trascorre la maggior parte del tempo sugli alberi, utilizzando la forte presa delle zampe e la coda prensile per aggrapparsi ai rami, alla ricerca di materiali per costruire il nido e di fiori da aprire per avere accesso al nettare. Emette un richiamo descritto come una sorta di rapido cinguettio[6].

Si nutre prevalentemente di nettare e polline, soprattutto di quelli di piante del genere Melaleuca ed Eucalyptus, e può giocare anche un ruolo importante nella loro impollinazione[7]. Integra inoltre la sua dieta con insetti[5]. Tra i suoi predatori figurano sia specie originarie della zona, come quoll, serpenti e rapaci notturni, che introdotte recentemente dall'uomo, come volpi rosse e gatti domestici[6].

Gli opossum pigmei sud-occidentali sono in grado di entrare in una specie di torpore quando il clima è inclemente o rigido, in modo da conservare energie e riserve di cibo. Durante i periodi di torpore, che possono durare fino a sette giorni alla volta, la temperatura corporea scende fino a divenire simile a quella dell'ambiente circostante, e il consumo di ossigeno cala fino all'1% del normale. Dormono piegati in avanti, con le orecchie ripiegate sugli occhi e la lunga coda arrotolata sotto il corpo. Rispetto ad altri mammiferi di dimensioni simili, si svegliano dal torpore piuttosto rapidamente[8].

Riproduzione

Gli opossum pigmei sud-occidentali possono riprodursi in ogni periodo dell'anno, sebbene generalmente si accoppino in primavera, e danno alla luce nidiate di quattro-sei piccoli. La madre spesso ospita nell'utero più di sei embrioni alla volta, ma dal momento che essa possiede solo sei capezzoli è in grado di allevare al massimo solo sei piccoli, dato che i piccoli dei marsupiali rimangono attaccati al proprio capezzolo per gran parte della loro infanzia[9]. Stranamente, tuttavia, la madre è in grado di partorire appena due giorni dopo aver svezzato la nidiata precedente; i suoi capezzoli, allora, cambiano drasticamente di dimensioni per accogliere i nuovi arrivati più piccoli, e le ghiandole mammarie smettono di produrre latte, convertendolo in colostro[6].

Quando lasciano il marsupio materno, a circa 25 giorni di età, i piccoli non sono ancora in grado di vedere; inizialmente rimangono al sicuro nel nido, e sono completamente svezzati verso i 50 giorni di età. Le femmine raggiungono la maturità sessuale a 12-15 mesi[6].

Distribuzione e habitat

L'opossum pigmeo sud-occidentale occupa un areale frammentato che comprende le regioni sud-occidentali dell'Australia Occidentale, l'intera fascia del grano dell'Australia Meridionale, l'isola dei Canguri e il Victoria, fino a Edenhope a sud[5]. È presente anche nell'estremità sud-occidentale del Nuovo Galles del Sud, Stato nel quale figura sulla lista delle specie minacciate[10]. Abita le aree boschive semiaride, le boscaglie e le brughiere, dominate da piante del genere Callistemon, Melaleuca, Banksia e Grevillea[6]. Sebbene venga generalmente suddiviso in due sottospecie, separate geograficamente tra loro dal Nullarbor Plain, studi genetici non hanno rivelato alcuna differenza rilevante tra le popolazioni orientali e occidentali[4]. Inoltre, nel Nullarbor Plain sono stati rinvenuti dei fossili appartenenti a questa specie, nonostante essa sia da lungo tempo scomparsa dalla regione[6].

Tassonomia

Sono state riconosciute due sottospecie:

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Lamoreux, J. & Hilton-Taylor, C. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) 2008, Cercartetus concinnus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Cercartetus concinnus, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Osborne, M.J. & Christidis, L., Systematics and biogeography of pygmy possums (Burramyidae: Cercartetus), in Australian Journal of Zoology, vol. 50, n. 1, 2002, pp. 25–37, DOI:10.1071/ZO01071.
  4. ^ a b Pestell, A.J.L. et al., Genetic structure of the western pygmy possum Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) based on mitochondrial DNA, in Australian Mammalogy, vol. 29, n. 2, 2008, pp. 191–200, DOI:10.1071/AM07023.
  5. ^ a b c d Peter Menkhorst, A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 88.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Harris, J.M., Cercartetus concinnus (Diprotodontia: Burramyidae), in Mammalian Species, vol. 831, 2009, pp. 1–11, DOI:10.1644/831.1.
  7. ^ Pestell, A.J.L. & Petit, S., Diet of the western pygmy possum, Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae), at Innes National Park, South Australia, and evaluation of diet sampling methods, in Australian Journal of Zoology, vol. 55, n. 5, 2007, pp. 275–284, DOI:10.1071/ZO07037.
  8. ^ Geiser, F., Hibernation and daily torpor in two pygmy possums (Cercartetus spp., Marsupialia), in Physiological Zoology, vol. 60, n. 1, 1987, pp. 93–102, JSTOR 30158631.
  9. ^ Ward, S.J., Numbers of teats and pre- and post-natal litter sizes in small diprotodont marsupials, in Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 79, n. 3, 1998, pp. 999–1008, DOI:10.2307/1383108, JSTOR 1383108.
  10. ^ New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, Western pygmy-possum (Cercartetus concinnus) approved recovery plan (PDF), su environment.nsw.gov.au. URL consultato il 10th June 2011.

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Cercartetus concinnus: Brief Summary ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

L'opossum pigmeo sud-occidentale (Cercartetus concinnus Gould, 1845) è un piccolo marsupiale della famiglia dei Burramidi originario dell'Australia. Gli studi genetici indicano che il suo parente più prossimo è probabilmente l'opossum pigmeo orientale, dal quale i suoi antenati si separarono circa otto milioni di anni fa.

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Buideleikelmuis ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

De buideleikelmuis (Cercartetus concinnus) is een klimbuideldier uit het geslacht der buidelslaapmuizen (Cercartetus).

Kenmerken

De buideleikelmuis is een klein, muisachtig buideldier. De bovenkant van het lichaam is bruin en is scherp gescheiden van de witte onderkant. Rond de ogen zit een smalle donkere ring. De staart is nauwelijks behaard. De lange, ronde oren en de weinig behaarde bek zijn allebei vleeskleurig. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 70 tot 100 millimeter, de staartlengte 70 tot 95 millimeter en het gewicht 8 tot 18 gram.

Leefwijze

Deze soort is 's nachts actief en kan zowel op de grond als in bomen worden gevonden. Het dier eet geleedpotigen en nectar en bouwt een nest van boombast en bladeren in een boomholte of iets dergelijks.

Voortplanting

Vrouwtjes kunnen per jaar twee of drie nesten van tot zes jongen krijgen.

Verspreiding

Deze soort komt voor in het zuidwesten van West-Australië en in het zuiden en zuidoosten van Zuid-Australië, oostelijk tot de westelijkste delen van Nieuw-Zuid-Wales en Victoria, en ook op Kangaroo-eiland.

Literatuur

  • Groves, C.P. 2005. Order Diprotodontia. Pp. 43-70 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 1: pp. i-xxxv+1-743; Vol. 2: pp. i-xvii+745-2142. ISBN 0 8018 8221 4
  • Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0 19 550870 X
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Buideleikelmuis: Brief Summary ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

De buideleikelmuis (Cercartetus concinnus) is een klimbuideldier uit het geslacht der buidelslaapmuizen (Cercartetus).

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Cercartetus concinnus ( البرتغالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia PT

Cercartetus concinnus é uma espécie de marsupial da família Burramyidae.

Endêmica da Austrália.

Referências

  • GROVES, C. P. Order Diprotodontia. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 43-70.
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Cercartetus concinnus: Brief Summary ( البرتغالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia PT

Cercartetus concinnus é uma espécie de marsupial da família Burramyidae.

Endêmica da Austrália.

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Cercartetus concinnus ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV

Cercartetus concinnus[2][3][4][5] är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av John Gould 1845. Cercartetus concinnus ingår i släktet sovarpungmöss och familjen dvärgpungsovare.[6][7] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Utseende

Arten når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 57 till 72 mm, en svanslängd av 77 till 87 mm och en vikt av 8 till 21 g. Bakfötterna är 11 till 13 mm långa och öronen är 13 till 15 mm stora. Förutom könsdelarna finns inga yttre skillnader mellan honor och hannar. Pälsen på ovansidan är kanelfärgad med inslag av grå och det finns en tydlig gräns mot den helt vita pälsen på undersidan. Hos andra sektmedlemmar är undersidans hår nära roten grå. Kring de svarta ögonen förekommer en mörk fläck men den är inte lika tydlig som hos andra släktmedlemmar. Den långa och smala svansen är täckt av fjäll. Den kan användas som gripverktyg.[8]

I överkäken finns på varje sida 3 framtänder, 1 hörntand, 3 premolarer och 3 molarer. Däremot har Cercartetus concinnus i underkäken bara 2 framtänder och ingen hörntand per sida. Antalet premolarer och molarer är lika som i överkäken. Den väl utvecklade pungen (marsupium) hos honan innehåller 6 spenar.[8]

Utbredning

Pungdjuret förekommer i södra Australien och på Kangaroo Island. Habitatet utgörs av skogar (ofta med undervegetation av buskar) och hedområden.[1]

Ekologi

Under den kalla årstiden intar Cercartetus concinnus ofta ett stelt tillstånd (torpor) som vanligen varar i 4 dagar och ibland upp till 11 dagar.[8]

Individerna är främst nattaktiva. De klättrar i växtligheten och går på marken. Arten äter nektar och pollen från växter av släktena Banksia, Eucalyptus och Melaleuca samt insekter. Exemplar i fångenskap matades dessutom framgångsrik med frukter, kakor, honung, sylt, komjölk och spädbarnsmat. Djurets fiender är introducerade katter och rödrävar samt rovpungdjur och troligen ormar och rovlevande fåglar.[8]

När Cercartetus concinnus sover använder den trädens håligheter, bergssprickor, övergivna fågelbon, täta växtansamlingar och hålor under trädstubbar. Honan kan ha flera kullar per år och per kull föds 4 till 6 ungar. Troligen vilar de befruktade äggen en tid tills syskonen från förra kullen lämnar pungen. Vid födelsen är ungarna underutvecklade och i genomsnitt 2,9 mm långa. När de lämnar pungen är de fortfarande blinda. De göms sedan i boet. Ungarna diar sin mor cirka 50 dagar. Könsmognaden infaller efter 12 till 15 månader.[8]

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:[6]

  • C. c. concinnus
  • C. c. minor

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Cercartetus concinnus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ (1998) , website Cercartetus concinnus, Mammal Species of the World
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
  5. ^ Osborne, M. J., and L. Christidis (2002) Systematics and biogeography of pygmy possums (Burramyidae : Cercartetus), Australian Journal of Zoology, vol. 50, no. 1
  6. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (16 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  7. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  8. ^ [a b c d e] Harris (2014). Cercartetus concinnus. Mammalian Species #831. sid. 1-11. doi:10.1644/831.1. https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article/doi/10.1644/831.1/2600873. Läst 9 juli 2018.

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Cercartetus concinnus: Brief Summary ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV

Cercartetus concinnus är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av John Gould 1845. Cercartetus concinnus ingår i släktet sovarpungmöss och familjen dvärgpungsovare. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

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Cercartetus concinnus ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Cercartetus concinnus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Burramyidae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Gould mô tả năm 1845.[2]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Burbidge, A., Morris, K., Ellis, M., van Weenen, J. & Menkhorst, P. (2008). Cercartetus concinnus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 12 năm 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Cercartetus concinnus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cercartetus concinnus: Brief Summary ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Cercartetus concinnus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Burramyidae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Gould mô tả năm 1845.

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Тонкохвостый поссум ( الروسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Сумчатые
Подотряд: Phalangeriformes
Надсемейство: Phalangeroidea
Вид: Тонкохвостый поссум
Международное научное название

Cercartetus concinnus Gould, 1845

Ареал

изображение

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Систематика
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Изображения
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ITIS 609817NCBI 190651EOL 323839FW 234542

Тонкохвостый поссум или тонкохвостый кускус[1] (лат. Cercartetus concinnus) — сумчатое млекопитающие семейства карликовых поссумов.

Описание

Хотя тонкохвостый поссум и мал по сравнению с другими поссумами, среди карликовых поссумов он один из самых крупных. Длина тела вместе с хвостом составляет от 7,7 до 8,7 см. Вес взрослой особи — от 8 до 21 г. Выводковая сумка хорошо развита и открывается спереди. Для столь малого животного, у тонкохвостого поссума очень длинный язык — 1,2 см.[2] В отличие от серых родственников, мех яркий, цвета корицы, а брюхо белое.[3] Уши большие, овальной формы. Хвост длинный и цепкий, лишенный меха.

Распространение

Является эндемиком южной части Австралии, встречаясь в штате Западная Австралия и в юго-западной части штата Виктория. Кроме того, обитает на острове Кенгуру в Южной Австралии[4]. Так же найден на юго-западе Нового Южного Уэльса, где он находится под угрозой исчезновения.[5] Тонкохвостый поссум обитает в полузасушливых лесах и кустарниках.

Образ жизни

Ведет одиночный, ночной образ жизни.[3] Днем спит в естественных укрытиях, дуплах или гнездах птиц. Большую часть жизни проводит на деревьях и кустарниках, по которым проворно перемещается с помощью цепких лап и хвоста. Питается в основном нектаром, пыльцой и насекомыми.[3] Может играть определенную роль в опылении эвкалиптов.[6] Совершает миграции, передвигаясь по 50 м каждую ночь, в поисках более плодородных территорий. Имеет способность при неблагоприятных условиях (ненастье или холодная погода), впадать в кратковременную спячку, которая длится до 7 дней за раз. При этом температура тела понижается до температуры окружающей среды, а потребление кислорода сокращается до 1 % от нормы.[7] Естественными хищниками являются сумчатые куницы, совы и змеи. В наше время так же становится жертвой лисиц, домашних и одичалых кошек.[2]

Эволюция и подвиды

Генетические исследования показали, что ближайшим родственником является Толстохвостый поссум[8], от которого предки тонкохвостого поссума отделились около 8 млн лет назад.[9] Хотя ранее считалось, что тонкохвостый поссум имеет два подвида, генетические исследования не выявили каких-либо существенных различий между восточной и западной популяциями.[9]

Статус популяции

В настоящие время в Красной книге МСОП вид имеет статус «вызывающий наименьшие опасения». Тем не менее, в некоторых Австралийских штатах (Новый Южный Уэльс и Южная Австралия), а так же в отдельных парках и природоохранных зонах вид имеет статус «уязвимый», «находящийся на грани исчезновения». Прежде всего это вызвано расчисткой территорий (особенно кустарников) для выпаса скота, сокращением источников пищи и давлением хищников (особенно лис и диких кошек).[10][11]

Примечания

  1. Соколов В. Е. Систематика млекопитающих. Том 1 (Отряды: однопроходных, сумчатых, насекомоядных, шерстокрылов, рукокрылых, приматов, неполнозубых, ящеров). — М.: Высшая школа, 1973. — С. 84—85. — 432 с.
  2. 1 2 Harris, J.M. (2009). “Cercartetus concinnus (Diprotodontia: Burramyidae)”. Mammalian Species. 831: 1—11. DOI:10.1644/831.1.
  3. 1 2 3 Menkhorst, Peter. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. — Oxford University Press, 2001. — P. 88.
  4. Cercartetus concinnus (англ.). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Проверено 29 сентября 2010. Архивировано 21 июня 2012 года.
  5. New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. Western pygmy-possum (Cercartetus concinnus) approved recovery plan (неопр.). Проверено 10 июня 2011.
  6. Pestell, A.J.L. & Petit, S. (2007). “Diet of the western pygmy possum, Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae), at Innes National Park, South Australia, and evaluation of diet sampling methods”. Australian Journal of Zoology. 55 (5): 275—284. DOI:10.1071/ZO07037.
  7. Geiser, F. (1987). “Hibernation and daily torpor in two pygmy possums (Cercartetus spp., Marsupialia)”. Physiological Zoology. 60 (1): 93—102. JSTOR 30158631.
  8. Osborne, M.J. & Christidis, L. (2002). “Systematics and biogeography of pygmy possums (Burramyidae: Cercartetus)”. Australian Journal of Zoology. 50 (1): 25—37. DOI:10.1071/ZO01071.
  9. 1 2 Pestell, A.J.L.; et al. (2008). “Genetic structure of the western pygmy possum Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) based on mitochondrial DNA”. Australian Mammalogy. 29 (2): 191—200. DOI:10.1071/AM07023.
  10. Harris, J. (2009). “Cercartetus concinnus (Diprotodontia: Burramyidae)”. Mammalian Species. 831 (1—11). DOI:10.1644/831.1.
  11. Threatened Species at Cleland Wildlife Park (неопр.). Discovery Circle.
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Тонкохвостый поссум: Brief Summary ( الروسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia русскую Википедию

Тонкохвостый поссум или тонкохвостый кускус (лат. Cercartetus concinnus) — сумчатое млекопитающие семейства карликовых поссумов.

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서부피그미주머니쥐 ( الكورية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

서부피그미주머니쥐(Cercartetus concinnus)는 꼬마주머니쥐과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 오스트레일리아에서 발견되는 작은 유대류로 남서부피그미주머니쥐, 문다르다(mundarda)로도 불린다. 유전학 연구를 통해 근연종은 동부피그미주머니쥐이며,[3] 약 8백만년 전에 공통 조상으로부터 분기된 것으로 추정하고 있다.[4]

특징

서부피그미주머니쥐는 피그미주머니쥐속에서 특이한 종으로, 회색의 다른 종들과 달리 온 몸의 털 대부분이 밝은 황갈색을 띤다.[5]

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 44–45쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Cercartetus concinnus”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2008년 12월 28일에 확인함.
  3. Osborne, M.J. & Christidis, L. (2002). “Systematics and biogeography of pygmy possums (Burramyidae: Cercartetus)”. 《Australian Journal of Zoology》 50 (1): 25–37. doi:10.1071/ZO01071.
  4. Pestell, A.J.L.; 외. (2008). “Genetic structure of the western pygmy possum Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) based on mitochondrial DNA”. 《Australian Mammalogy》 29 (2): 191–200. doi:10.1071/AM07023.
  5. Menkhorst, Peter (2001). 《A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia》. Oxford University Press. 88쪽.
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