dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

المقدمة من AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 10.1 years (captivity) Observations: In captivity one specimen lived for 10.1 years (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Conservation Status ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

During the 1950's common ringtail possum populations severely declined in numbers. Currently populations seem to have recovered.

Deforestation in Australia has resulted in a loss of habitat for common ringtail possums, because they are almost exclusively arboreal. In suburban areas they are vulnerable to being struck by cars, or hunted by cats and dogs (Sydney Metropolitan Wildlife Services Inc. 2000).

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Behavior ( الإنجليزية )

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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غير معنونة ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

'Peregrinus', means "foreign false hand" in Latin (Sydney Metropolitan Wildlife Services Inc. 2000).

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Benefits ( الإنجليزية )

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Common ringtail possums do not adversely affect humans. Unlike brushtail possums, they are not considered pests in suburban areas and do not nest within homes or human structures (Sydney Metropolitan Wildlife Services Inc. 2000).

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Benefits ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

None known.

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Trophic Strategy ( الإنجليزية )

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Common ringtail possums are nocturnal and primarily folivorous. They feed mainly on eucalyptus leaves, but may also eat flowers, buds, nectar, and fruit. Part of the common ringtail possum's caecum is able to detoxify the tannins and phenols that are present in eucalyptus leaves, making them capable of taking advantage of this food source. A low metabolic rate helps to compensate for the low energy intake of common ringtail possums due to their specialized diet. Feeding occurs both during the first half of the night and, again, before dawn. Common ringtail possums prefer eating the youngest foliage of the plants they consume. This effects reproductive patterns, as the young leave the pouch and are weaned during times when flower and fruit growth peaks (Barnett et al. 1984).

When they are found in urban Australian areas, common ringtail possums eat rose buds (Sydney Metropolitan Wildlife Service Inc. 2000).

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Distribution ( الإنجليزية )

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Common ringtail possums are found along the eastern coastline of Australia, Tasmania, and the southwestern corner of western Australia (Marsupial Society of Victoria Inc. 2000).

Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )

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Habitat ( الإنجليزية )

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Common ringtail possums have an extensive distribution. They occur in temperate or tropical areas but are rarely found in drier areas. It is thought that this wide habitat range is due to their ability to feed on a number of different plant species. They can usually be found in dense brush forests, as they favor environments that are plentiful with eucalyptus. The dense brush is also optimal for the construction of dreys. Along with several other species, the common ringtail possum occupies a range of niches comparable to the niche's of lemurs, monkeys, squirrels, and bushbabies in similar forests on other continents (Barnett et al. 1984; Lee and Smith 1984).

Terrestrial Biomes: forest

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Life Expectancy ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
5.0 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
8.0 years.

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
6.0 years.

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Morphology ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Common ringtail possums are the smallest of eight species of ringtail possums that live in Australia. The adults of this species typically are between 30 and 35 cm in body length, with a tail length that is roughly equal to the body length. Common ringtail possums have brown or reddish fur on the upper surfaces of the body and light colored or gray fur on the ventral surfaces. Common ringtail possums have large eyes which are well adapted to seeing at night. Two of the claws found on the front feet are opposable and the pads, as well as the tips, of the toes are grooved. They possess a strong, but relatively hairless, prehensile tail. This tail is carried tightly curled when not in use. These animals can be distinguished from other possum species in several ways. Their ears are smaller and more rounded and they typically have patches of white fur both on and above the ears. The tail of common ringtail possums has a white tip and is tapered (Marsupial Society of Victoria Inc. 2000; Wildlife Welfare Org. of S.A. 2000).

Range mass: 500 to 1000 g.

Average mass: 700 g.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average basal metabolic rate: 2.27 W.

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Reproduction ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Common ringtail possums are marsupials, thus they carry their young in a pouch while they develop. Mating takes place between April and December, depending on the location in Australia. Most young are born sometime between May and July. Both males and females are sexually mature in the mating season after their birth. Common ringtail possums are polyestrous as well as polyovular. The estrous cycle of this species lasts for 28 days (Barnett et al. 1984).

Most common ringtail possums have litters of two offspring, however they can have up to four. It has been suggested that six embryos are born at the same time, however, only two of those six are able to find a useable nipple, thus the other four usually die. The female's pouch has a forward facing opening; two of the four nipples are functional at one time. Older females can produce up to two litters of young per year (Wildlife Welfare Org of S.A. 2000).

Initial growth of the common ringtail possum young is generally slow. This slow growth occurs during the period when female weight is lowest. Between 90 and 106 days after birth, the young both open their eyes and are able to make clear vocalizations. Between 120 and 130 days after birth the young emerge from their mother's pouch. However, lactation generally does not stop until between 180 and 220 days after birth, sometimes ending as early as 145 days (Barnett et al. 1984; Gilmore and Stonehouse 1997).

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Average birth mass: 0.3 g.

Average number of offspring: 2.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
365 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
365 days.

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Uta comú ( الكتالونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CA

L'uta (Pseudocheirus peregrinus, "mà falsa" en grec antic i "peregrí" en llatí) és un marsupial australià. És un herbívor nocturn, amb un pes d'entre 550 i 1.100 g. Té un pelatge gris amb taques blanques darrere els ulls i sovint un ventre de color crema. Té una llarga cua prènsil que sol presentar una distinta punta blanca de més d'un quart de la seva longitud. Les potes posteriors són sindàctiles, cosa que l'ajuda a grimpar.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Uta comú Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Uta comú: Brief Summary ( الكتالونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CA

L'uta (Pseudocheirus peregrinus, "mà falsa" en grec antic i "peregrí" en llatí) és un marsupial australià. És un herbívor nocturn, amb un pes d'entre 550 i 1.100 g. Té un pelatge gris amb taques blanques darrere els ulls i sovint un ventre de color crema. Té una llarga cua prènsil que sol presentar una distinta punta blanca de més d'un quart de la seva longitud. Les potes posteriors són sindàctiles, cosa que l'ajuda a grimpar.

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Possum vlnitý ( التشيكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CZ

Possum vlnitý (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) má charakteristicky stočený ocas, jehož špička je zespodu holá. Possum vlnitý se liší od possuma Herbertova většíma ušima a bílou špičkou ocasu.

Výskyt

Vyskytuje se v několik poddruzích v celé východní a jihovýchodní Austrálii od Yorského poloostrova až po východ Jižní Austrálie, kromě toho na Tasmánii a v nejzazší jihovýchodní Austrálii. Za západním svahem Velkého předělového pohoří se téměř nevyskytuje. Obývá lesy a oblasti s hustými křovinami.

Základní data

Délka possuma vlnitého je 30 až 35 cm. Jeho hmotnost je 700 až 1100 g.

Zajímavosti

Po kusu liščím je possum vlnitý nejčastějším stromovým vačnatcem. Obdobně jako kusu liščí se vyskytuje i v zahradách a parcích velkých měst na východním pobřeží. Živí se především listím, ale i květy a plody, a občas plení zahrady. Jako většina possumovitých je býložravý.

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]

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Possum vlnitý: Brief Summary ( التشيكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CZ

Possum vlnitý (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) má charakteristicky stočený ocas, jehož špička je zespodu holá. Possum vlnitý se liší od possuma Herbertova většíma ušima a bílou špičkou ocasu.

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Östlicher Ringelschwanzbeutler ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE

Der Östliche Ringelschwanzbeutler (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) ist eine Beutelsäugerart aus der Familie der Ringbeutler (Pseudocheiridae), die in vier Unterarten im Osten Australiens und auf Tasmanien vorkommt.[1]

Beschreibung

Die Tiere erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 29 bis 35 cm, haben einen 29 bis 36 cm langen Schwanz und wiegen 0,8 bis 1,1 kg. Das Fell ist variabel gefärbt und kann rötlich grau (P. p. pulcher) bis grau-schwarz (P. p. convolutor) sein. Die Bauchseite und der körperferne Abschnitt des Schwanzes sind weißlich. Auch weißliche Ohrbüschel sind häufig zu sehen.[1]

 src=
Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Östlichen Ringelschwanzbeutlers
 src=
P. p. pulcher im Lamington-Nationalpark

Lebensraum

Der Östliche Ringelschwanzbeutler kommt in Wäldern vor, die von verschiedenen Eukalypten dominiert werden. Häufige Bäume sind Eucalyptus albens, E. dives, E. macrorhyncha, E. mannifera, E. melliodora, E. microcarpa, E. polyanthemos und E. radiata. Die Art fehlt dagegen in Wäldern mit E. largiflorens, E. pauciflora und E. rubida.[1]

Lebensweise

Östliche Ringelschwanzbeutler sind nachtaktiv und hauptsächlich baumbewohnend (arboreal). Sie verlassen ihr Nest am frühen Abend. Die Hauptaktivitätszeit liegt vor Mitternacht. Manchmal gehen sie zur Nahrungssuche auf den Erdboden oder um von einem Baum auf einen anderen zu wechseln, wenn die Baumkronen nicht geschlossen sind. Die Tiere sind in erster Linie Blätterfresser, ernähren sich aber mehr als andere Ringbeutler von Früchten, Blüten und von Blättern, die nicht von Eukalypten stammen. Blätter der Eukalypten-Untergattung Monocalyptus machen aber immer noch drei Viertel ihrer Ernährung aus. Beim Verspeisen von Eukalyptenblättern wählen die Tiere jüngere Blätter aus. Außer Eukalyptenblättern werden auch die von Leptospermum und in Gärten Blätter von Rosen und Zitrusfrüchten verspeist.[1]

 src=
Riesenkauz mit erbeutetem Ringelschwanzbeutler

Die Populationsdichte der Tiere ist sehr unterschiedlich und variiert von 4 Exemplaren pro Hektar bis zu 34 Einzeltieren auf der gleichen Fläche. Die höchsten Populationsdichten werden in Eukalyptuswäldern mit einer dichten Strauchschicht erreicht. Dort halten sich die Tiere meist nur 2 bis 5 Meter über den Erdboden auf, in weniger optimalen, offeneren Biotopen dehnen sie ihren Aktionsradius bis in die mittleren Baumhöhen aus. Die Wohnreviere der Tiere sind relativ klein und liegen bei Männchen im Durchschnitt bei einem Hektar, bei Weibchen bei 0,64 Hektar. Die Reviere der Männchen überlappen sich mit denen von einem bis zwei Weibchen, niemals aber mit denen anderer Männchen. Wahrscheinlich sind Östliche Ringelschwanzbeutler außerhalb der Fortpflanzungszeit weitgehend einzelgängerisch. Tagsüber schlafen Östliche Ringelschwanzbeutler in einem Nest in Baumhöhlen oder in dichter Vegetation, das sie aus Blättern, Rinden und Farnen errichtet haben. Jedes Individuum nutzt in seinem Revier bis zu fünf Nester. Männchen, Weibchen und ihre Jungtiere nutzen zusammen ein Nest. Es wurden auch schon drei Weibchen mit ihren Jungtieren in einem Nest gesehen. Zu den Beutegreifern, die Östliche Ringelschwanzbeutler fangen, gehören der Riesenkauz, der Buntwaran, der Rautenpython, Hauskatzen und der Rotfuchs.[1]

Fortpflanzung

Jungtiere werden von April bis Dezember geboren, die meisten im Mai oder Juni. Einige früh gebärende Weibchen haben einen zweiten Wurf von Mitte Oktober bis November. Die Tragzeit wird unterschiedlich mit 14 bis 16 Tagen oder 20 bis 26 Tagen angegeben. Weibchen der Östliche Ringelschwanzbeutler haben vier Zitzen im Beutel, normalerweise werden aber nur zwei Jungtiere geboren. Drei oder vier kommen vor, sind aber selten. Die Jungtiere bleiben etwa 120 Tage im Beutel und werden danach noch weitere zwei bis drei Monate von der Mutter gesäugt. Männchen beteiligen sich möglicherweise an der Aufzucht der Jungtiere und wurden dabei beobachtet halbwüchsige Jungtiere auf dem Rücken zu tragen. Außerdem beobachtete man Männchen, die im Nest bei den Jungtieren blieben, während das Weibchen zum Fressen das Nest verließ. Mit einem Alter von einem halben Jahr werden sie für gewöhnlich entwöhnt und sie verlassen ihre Mutter im Alter von 8 bis 12 Monaten. Männchen werden im Alter von 12 bis 13 Monaten geschlechtsreif, bei den Weibchen kann die Geschlechtsreife einen Monat später eintreten. Östliche Ringelschwanzbeutler können 5 bis 8 Jahre alt werden.[1]

Bedrohung

Der Östliche Ringelschwanzbeutler wird von der IUCN als „ungefährdet“ (Least Concern) gelistet. Das Verbreitungsgebiet und die Population sind relativ groß. Die Tiere sind häufig und kommen auch in zahlreichen Schutzgebieten vor.[2]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d e f Stephen Jackson: Family Pseudocheiridae (Ring-tailed Possums and Greater Gliders). S. 527 u. 528 in Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5. Monotremes and Marsupials. Lynx Editions, 2015, ISBN 978-84-96553-99-6
  2. Pseudocheirus peregrinus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN. Abgerufen am 18. August 2018.
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Östlicher Ringelschwanzbeutler: Brief Summary ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE

Der Östliche Ringelschwanzbeutler (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) ist eine Beutelsäugerart aus der Familie der Ringbeutler (Pseudocheiridae), die in vier Unterarten im Osten Australiens und auf Tasmanien vorkommt.

P. p. peregrinus, die Nominatform, kommt von der Kap-York-Halbinsel im Norden bis ins südöstliche Queensland vor. P. p. convolutor lebt auf Tasmanien, Cape Barren Island, Flinders Island, King Island und Maria-Island. P. p. cookii kommt im Südosten Australiens vom mittleren New South Wales bis in den äußersten Südosten von Südaustralien vor. P. p. pulcher kommt vom südöstlichen Queensland bis in mittlere New South Wales vor.
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Common ringtail possum ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

The common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus, Greek for "false hand" and Latin for "pilgrim" or "alien") is an Australian marsupial.

It lives in a variety of habitats and eats a variety of leaves of both native and introduced plants, as well as flowers, fruits and sap. This possum also consumes a special type of faeces that is produced during the daytime when it is resting in a nest. This behaviour is called caecotrophy and is similar to that seen in rabbits.

Taxonomy

The common ringtail possum is currently classified as the only living species in the genus Pseudocheirus; the species of Pseudochirulus and other ringtail genera were formerly also classified in Pseudocheirus. Several subspecies have been described, such as the Western Australian Pseudocheirus peregrinus occidentalis, but the entire population may be a species complex.[1] The arrangement as the only extant species of Pseudocheirus is:[1]

  • Pseudocheirus peregrinus pereginus, the type subspecies based on a collection made at Endeavour River
  • Pseudocheirus peregrinus convolutor, (Eastern ringtail possum or Southeastern ringtail possum)
  • Pseudocheirus peregrinus pulcher, (Rufous ringtail possum)
  • Pseudocheirus peregrinus occidentalis, called the Western ringtail possum, found in the south west of the country. Taxonomic opinion favours regarding this as a separate species, Pseudocheirus occidentalis, though the currently contradictory evidence would not allow this recommendation to be formalised.[3]

Description

The common ringtail possum weighs between 550 and 1,100 g (19 and 39 oz) and is approximately 30–35 cm (12–14 in) cm long when grown (excluding the tail, which is roughly the same length again). It has grey or black fur with white patches behind the eyes and usually a cream-coloured belly. It has a long prehensile tail which normally displays a distinctive white tip over 25% of its length. The back feet are syndactyl, which helps it to climb. The ringtail possum's molars have sharp and pointed cusps.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The common ringtail possum ranges on the east coast of Australia, as well as Tasmania and a part of southwestern Australia.[5] They generally live in temperate and tropical environments and are rare in drier environments. Ringtail possums prefer forests of dense brush, particularly eucalyptus forests.[5] The common ringtail possum and its relatives occupy a range of niches similar to those of lemurs, monkeys, squirrels, and bushbabies in similar forests on other continents.[6] It is less prolific and less widespread than the common brushtail possum.

A common ringtail possum carrying young.

Behaviour

The common ringtail possum is nocturnal and well adapted to arboreal life. It relies on its prehensile tail and sometimes will descend to the ground.[5] They communicate with soft, high-pitched, and twittering calls.[7]

Asleep in daytime roost. Common ringtails usually build nests. This one prefers the open air.

Diet and foraging

The common ringtail possum feeds on a wide variety of plants in the family Myrtaceae including the foliage, flowers and fruits from shrubs and lower canopy.[8] Some populations are also known to feed on the leaves of cypress pine (Callitris), wattles (Acacia spp.) and plant gum or resins.[9][10]

When foraging, ringtail possums prefer young leaves over old ones. One study found the emergence of young possums from their pouches corresponds to the flowering and fruiting of the tea-tree, Leptospermum and the peak of fresh plant growth.[6] Young eucalypt leaves are richer in nitrogen and have less dense cell walls than older leaves; however, the protein gained from them is less available due to higher amounts of tannins.[11] When feeding, the possum's molars slice through the leaves, slitting them into pieces. The possum's caecum separates the fine particles from the coarse ones.[4] These particles stay in the caecum for up to 70 hours where the cell walls and tanned cytoplasts are partially digested.[12]

What distinguishes the digestive system of the common ringtail possum from that of the koala and the greater glider is the caecal content transfers directly back to the stomach. Because of this, the ringtail possum is able to gain more protein.[4] This is also done by lagomorphs like rabbits and pikas. Hard faeces are produced during the night while feeding and are not eaten, while soft faeces are produced during the day during rests and are eaten.[13]

Metabolism

Common ringtail possum in Brisbane, Queensland.

The re-ingestion of caecal content also serves to maintain the ringtail possum's energy balance. Ringtail possums gain much of their gross energy from reingestion.[14] The common ringtail possum has a daily maintenance nitrogen requirement (MNR) of 290 mg N/kg0.75. Common ringtail possums gain much of their MNR from consuming their nitrogen-rich caecal pellets. They would have to gain 620 mg N/kg0.75 otherwise.[4] The ringtail possum recycles 96% of its liver's urea, which is then transferred into the caecum and made into bacterial protein. Only re-ingestion makes this effective and the bacterial protein must be digested in the stomach and the amino acids subsequently absorbed in the small intestine.[4] This recycling also allows the possum to conserve water and urinate less. Reingestion allows the possum to live on low nitrogen eucalyptus leaves which is particularly important during late lactation.[15] It has been found that at higher temperatures, the common ringtail possum consumes less food due to a limited ability to metabolize toxins found in their diet.[16] Because 55% of their water intake comes from the leaves and foliage they consume, their metabolic rate must remain low and stable while facing water loss.[17] In response to this challenge, common ringtail possums can control their body temperature and conserve water by using facultative hyperthermia to temporarily raise their internal body temperature, ranging from 29 to 39 °C (84 to 102 °F).[17]

Nesting

Common ringtail possums live a gregarious lifestyle which centres on their communal nests, also called dreys.[18] Ringtail possums build nests from tree branches and occasionally use tree hollows. A communal nest is made up of an adult female and an adult male, their dependant offspring and immature offspring of the previous year.[8] A group of ringtail possums may build several dreys at different sites. Ringtail possums are territorial and will drive away any strange conspecifics from their nests. A group has a strong attachment to their site. In one experiment, in which a group was removed from their territory, it remained uncolonised for the following two years.[8] Ringtail possum nests tend to be more common in low scrub and less common in heavily timbered areas with little under-story.[4] Dreys contribute to the survival of the young when they are no longer carried on their mother's back.[4]

Reproduction and growth

Common ringtail possum in South Yarra, Victoria.

The common ringtail possum carries its young in a pouch, where it develops. Depending on the area, the mating season can take place anywhere between April and December.[5] The majority of the young are born between May and July. The oestrous cycle of ringtail possum lasts 28 days.[6] It is both polyoestrous and polyovular. If a female prematurely loses her litter, she can return to oestrous and produce a second litter in October as a replacement if conditions are right.[4] The average litter is two, although there are very occasionally triplets.[4] Common ringtail possum young tend to grow relatively slowly due to dilute milk with low lipid levels that is provided to the young. As with other marsupials, the common ringtail possum's milk changes through lactation.[19] During the second phase of lactation, more solid foods are eaten, especially when the young first emerges from the pouch.[19] During this time, the concentration of carbohydrates fall, while those of proteins and lipids reach their highest.[19] The long lactation of the ringtail possums may give the young more time to learn skills in the communal nest as well as to climb and forage in the trees.[4]

The young are first able to vocalise and open their eyes between 90 and 106 days of age.[5] They leave their mother's pouch at 120–130 days. However, lactation usually continues until 180–220 days after birth but sometimes ends by 145 days.[6] Both sexes become sexually mature in the first mating season after their birth.

Status

Common ringtail possum populations severely declined during the 1950s. However, populations seem to have recovered in recent times.[5] Because they are largely arboreal, common ringtail possums are particularly affected by deforestation in Australia. They are also heavily predated upon by the introduced red fox. They are also hit by cars, or killed by snakes, cats and dogs in suburban areas.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b c Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 51. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Winter, J.; Menkhorst, P.; Lunney, D.; van Weenen, J. (2016). "Pseudocheirus peregrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T40581A21963019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T40581A21963019.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  3. ^ "Pseudocheirus occidentalis — Western Ringtail Possum". Species Profile and Threats Database. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j C. Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe (2005). Life of Marsupials. Csiro Publishing. pp. 243–247. ISBN 978-0-643-06257-3. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Pseudocheirus peregrinus Animal diversity
  6. ^ a b c d Barnett, J.L, A., R. R.A. How. 1984. "The Population Biology of Pseudocheirus peregrinus". pp. 261–268 in Possums and Gliders Andrew Smith, Ian D. Hume (Eds.) New South Wales: Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Limited.
  7. ^ Lee, Anthony, A. 1984. "The Evolution of Strategies for Survival and Reproduction in Possums and Gliders". pp. 17–19 in Possums and Gliders Andrew Smith, Ian D. Hume (Eds.). New South Wales: Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Limited.
  8. ^ a b c Thomson, JA. Owen WH. (1964). "A Field Study of the Australian Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae)". Ecological Monographs. 34 (1): 27–52. doi:10.2307/1948462. JSTOR 1948462.
  9. ^ Hermsen, E; Kerle, A; Old, JM (2015). "Diet of an inland population of the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus)". Australian Mammalogy. 38 (1): 130–34. doi:10.1071/AM15008.
  10. ^ De Angelis, DA (2017). "Plant exudates: a previously unreported feature in the diet of the common ringtail possum". Ecology. 98 (8): 2219–20. doi:10.1002/ecy.1839. PMID 28475212.
  11. ^ Cork SJ, Pahl. (1984) "The possible influence of nutritional factors on diet and habitat selection by the ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus)". In: Possums and gliders Andrew Smith, Ian D. Hume (Eds.) pp. 269–76. Australian Mammal Society.
  12. ^ TP Obrien; A Lomdahl; G Sanson (1986). "Preliminary Microscopic Investigations of the Digesta Derived From Foliage of Eucalyptus-Ovata (Labill) in the Digestive-Tract of the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Marsupialia)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 34 (2): 157–176. doi:10.1071/ZO9860157.
  13. ^ Chilcott M J (1984). "Coprophagy in the common ringtail possum, Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Marsupialia: Petuaridae)". Australian Mammalogy. 7 (2): 107–110. doi:10.1071/AM84011. S2CID 254708772.
  14. ^ Chilcott MJ, Hume ID (1984). "Nitrogen and Urea Metabolism and Nitrogen, Requirements of the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus peregrinus, Fed Eucalyptus andrewii Foliage". Aust. J. Zool. 32 (5): 615–22. doi:10.1071/ZO9840615.
  15. ^ Munks, SA; Green, B (1997). "Milk consumption and growth in a marsupial arboreal folivore, the common ringtail possum". Physiological Zoology. 70 (6): 691–700. doi:10.1086/515871. PMID 9361143. S2CID 24921841.
  16. ^ Beale, Phillipa K.; Connors, Patrice K.; Dearing, M. Denise; Moore, Ben D.; Krockenberger, Andrew K.; Foley, William J.; Marsh, Karen J. (2022-06-09). "Warmer Ambient Temperatures Depress Detoxification and Food Intake by Marsupial Folivores". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10: 888550. doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.888550. ISSN 2296-701X.
  17. ^ a b Turner, James M. (2020-01-01). "Facultative hyperthermia during a heatwave delays injurious dehydration of an arboreal marsupial". Journal of Experimental Biology. 223 (Pt 5): jeb.219378. doi:10.1242/jeb.219378. ISSN 1477-9145. PMID 32054679.
  18. ^ "Homes for Ringtail possums".
  19. ^ a b c SA Munks; B Green; K Newgrain; M Messer (1991). "Milk-Composition in the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Petauridae, Marsupialia)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 39 (4): 403–416. doi:10.1071/ZO9910403.
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Common ringtail possum: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

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The common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus, Greek for "false hand" and Latin for "pilgrim" or "alien") is an Australian marsupial.

It lives in a variety of habitats and eats a variety of leaves of both native and introduced plants, as well as flowers, fruits and sap. This possum also consumes a special type of faeces that is produced during the daytime when it is resting in a nest. This behaviour is called caecotrophy and is similar to that seen in rabbits.

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Pseudocheirus peregrinus ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

El falangero de cola anillada (Pseudocheirus peregrinus, griego para "mano falsa" y latín para "peregrino") es una especie de marsupial diprotodonto de la familia Pseudocheiridae propia de Australia.[2]​ Es herbívoro y de hábitos nocturnos. Pesa entre 550 g y 1.100 g. Tiene pelo gris con partes blancas detrás de los ojos y generalmente un estómago de color crema. Tiene una larga cola prensil con una distintiva punta blanca de aproximadamente un 25% del tamaño total de la cola. Sus pies traseros son sindáctilos, lo que le facilita subir los árboles.

Subespecies

Se reconocen las siguientes subespecies:[2]

Referencias

  1. Winter, J., Menkhorst, P., Lunney, D. & van Weenen, J. (2008). «Pseudocheirus peregrinus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2015.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 24 de julio de 2015.
  2. a b Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World (en inglés) (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

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Pseudocheirus peregrinus: Brief Summary ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

El falangero de cola anillada (Pseudocheirus peregrinus, griego para "mano falsa" y latín para "peregrino") es una especie de marsupial diprotodonto de la familia Pseudocheiridae propia de Australia.​ Es herbívoro y de hábitos nocturnos. Pesa entre 550 g y 1.100 g. Tiene pelo gris con partes blancas detrás de los ojos y generalmente un estómago de color crema. Tiene una larga cola prensil con una distintiva punta blanca de aproximadamente un 25% del tamaño total de la cola. Sus pies traseros son sindáctilos, lo que le facilita subir los árboles.

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Pseudocheirus peregrinus ( الباسكية )

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Pseudocheirus peregrinus Pseudocheirus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Pseudocheirinae azpifamilia eta Pseudocheiridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Boddaert (1785) Elench. Anim. 78. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Pseudocheirus peregrinus: Brief Summary ( الباسكية )

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Pseudocheirus peregrinus Pseudocheirus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Pseudocheirinae azpifamilia eta Pseudocheiridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Possum à queue en anneau ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Pseudocheirus peregrinus

Pseudocheirus peregrinus (en anglais Common Ringtail Possum, soit opossum à queue en anneau) est un marsupial australien, le plus courant des opossums océaniens. C'est un animal arboricole, herbivore, nocturne, à la différence du Phalanger-renard.

Description

De la taille d'un chat, il mesure 60 à 70 cm de la tête à l'extrémité de la queue, la queue étant aussi longue que le corps et souvent enroulée en boucles d'où son nom. Il pèse entre 550 et 1100 g. Le pelage est gris avec des taches claires derrière les yeux. Le ventre est généralement crème. Il possède une longue queue préhensile, utilisée comme cinquième membre pour grimper ou transporter des objets, qui devient blanche sur le dernier quart de sa longueur. Les pattes ont cinq doigts et aux pattes arrière le premier est dépourvu de griffes et opposable aux autres. Les doigts munis de griffes des pattes avant présentent un intervalle libre entre le deuxième et le troisième rayon, les rendant opposables aux autres doigts, ce qui lui permet de grimper plus facilement dans les arbres où il passe ses journées dans un nid – qui peut être communautaire – de branches et de feuilles construit par ses soins dans le creux d'un tronc, une grosse fourche d'arbres ou la canopée.

Alimentation

Il se nourrit de feuilles d'arbres autochtones – y compris l’eucalyptus qu'il est avec le koala l'un des rares animaux à pouvoir consommer – ou importés, de fleurs et de fruits qu'il peut parfois même dérober dans les jardins. Comme les lapins, il reconsomme une partie de certains de ces fèces qu'il a déposées dans son nid, ce qui lui permet de mieux utiliser les produits de dégradation de sa flore intestinale.

Habitat

C'est un animal commun, ne craignant pas la compagnie des hommes. On peut le voir dans les jardins la nuit (où il dévore fleurs et fruits), sur les pylônes électriques et il peut même s'installer dans les greniers des maisons. On le trouve dans le Queensland, la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, l'État de Victoria et l'Australie-Méridionale

Mode de vie

Il vit généralement en groupe formé d'un mâle, d'une ou deux femelles et de deux générations de petits.

Reproduction

La femelle donne naissance à deux jeunes entre avril et novembre qu’elle garde dans sa poche marsupiale pendant quatre mois avant de les porter accrochés sur son dos. C’est la seule espèce de possums où le mâle porte ses petits lorsque la femelle va se nourrir. Les petits resteront avec leurs parents jusqu’à dix-huit mois, âge auquel ils atteignent leur maturité sexuelle et quittent leurs parents pour fonder leur famille.

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Possum à queue en anneau: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Pseudocheirus peregrinus

Pseudocheirus peregrinus (en anglais Common Ringtail Possum, soit opossum à queue en anneau) est un marsupial australien, le plus courant des opossums océaniens. C'est un animal arboricole, herbivore, nocturne, à la différence du Phalanger-renard.

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Pseudocheirus peregrinus ( الإيطالية )

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Il coda ad anello comune (Pseudocheirus peregrinus Boddaert, 1785; dal greco «falsa mano» e dal latino «pellegrino» o «alieno») è un marsupiale australiano della famiglia degli Pseudocheiridi[2]. È presente in vari habitat e si nutre di una vasta gamma di foglie appartenenti a specie endemiche e introdotte, nonché di fiori e frutta. Questo possum consuma anche un particolare tipo di feci che produce durante il giorno, mentre riposa nel nido. Questo comportamento è noto come coprofagia ed è stato osservato anche nei conigli.

Descrizione

Il coda ad anello comune pesa 550-1100 g e misura circa 30-35 cm di lunghezza (esclusa la coda, lunga all'incirca quanto il corpo). Presenta una pelliccia grigia con macchie bianche dietro agli occhi, mentre l'addome è generalmente color crema. Ha una lunga coda prensile con una caratteristica colorazione bianca all'estremità, che si estende per circa il 25% della sua lunghezza. Le zampe posteriori sono sindattile e sono di grande aiuto nell'arrampicata. I molari presentano cuspidi affilate e aguzze[3].

Biologia

Alimentazione

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Un esemplare appollaiato su un palo.

Il coda ad anello comune preferisce nutrirsi di foglie di Eucalyptus e le popolazioni più numerose si incontrano appunto nelle aree dove queste piante sono presenti[3]. Tuttavia, esso si nutre anche di foglie, fiori e frutta di altre specie di alberi e arbusti che raggiungono un'altezza minore[4]. Quando si alimentano, i coda ad anello preferiscono mangiare foglioline più giovani. Nel corso di uno studio è stato scoperto che l'epoca in cui i giovani possum emergono dal marsupio corrisponde a quello della fioritura e della fruttificazione dell'albero del tè (Leptospermum) e del picco dello sviluppo delle nuove foglie[5]. Le giovani foglie di eucalipto sono più ricche di azoto e sono costituite da cellule con pareti meno spesse di quelle più vecchie, ma il contenuto proteico che viene ricavato da esse è molto basso, data la maggiore quantità di tannini[6]. Mentre l'animale mangia, i suoi molari tagliuzzano le foglie, riducendole in frammenti più piccoli. Nel cieco le particelle più sottili vengono separate da quelle più grossolane[3]. Queste rimangono nel cieco anche fino a 70 ore e le pareti cellulari e i citoplasti contenenti tannini vengono parzialmente digeriti[7].

Ciò che distingue il processo digestivo del coda ad anello comune da quello del koala e del petauro maggiore è il fatto che il contenuto cecale viene trasferito direttamente indietro allo stomaco. Grazie a questa particolarità, il coda ad anello è in grado di ricavare più proteine[3]. Questa tecnica è la stessa impiegata dai lagomorfi, come i conigli e i pika. Le feci solide vengono prodotte durante la notte, quando l'animale è in cerca di cibo, e non vengono ingerite, mentre quelle morbide vengono prodotte di giorno, mentre l'animale riposa, e vengono ingerite[8].

Metabolismo

Il reingerimento del contenuto cecale serve anche a conservare il bilancio energetico dell'animale. I coda ad anello sembrano prediligere le foglie di Eucalyptus andrewii, soprattutto in cattività[9]. Quando mangiano queste foglie, essi ricavano gran parte della loro energia lorda dal reingerimento[9]. Il coda ad anello comune ha un fabbisogno giornaliero di azoto (MNR) di 290 mg. Esso ricava gran parte del suo MNR dal consumo delle pallottole cecali, ricche di azoto. Così facendo, può ricavare da esse fino a 620 mg di azoto[3]. Il coda ad anello ricicla il 96% dell'urea del fegato, che viene trasferita nel cieco e convertita in proteine batteriche. In seguito alla reingestione, le proteine batteriche vengono digerite nello stomaco e gli aminoacidi vengono successivamente assorbiti nell'intestino tenue[3]. Questo riciclaggio permette anche al possum di conservare acqua e di urinare meno. La reingestione consente all'animale di vivere tranquillamente anche mangiando foglie di eucalipto povere di azoto, elemento particolarmente importante durante la parte terminale dell'allattamento[10].

Comportamento

I coda ad anello comuni sono prevalentemente notturni e sono ben adattati a uno stile di vita arboricolo. Scendono raramente al suolo e fanno grande affidamento sulla loro coda prensile per muoversi tra i rami[11]. Comunicano attraverso una serie di richiami di varia tonalità[12].

 src=
Un esemplare colto durante il riposo giornaliero.

Struttura sociale

I coda ad anello comuni conducono uno stile di vita gregario incentrato sull'utilizzo di nidi comunitari. Costruiscono il nido tra i rami degli alberi o utilizzano cavità del tronco. Un nido comunitario è occupato generalmente da un maschio adulto, da una o due femmine adulte, dai loro piccoli e dai giovani immaturi dell'anno precedente[4]. Un gruppo di coda ad anello può costruire vari nidi in siti differenti. Sono animali territoriali e allontanano qualsiasi altra creatura dai loro nidi. Ciascun gruppo è particolarmente attaccato al suo sito. Nel corso di un esperimento, durante il quale un gruppo venne rimosso dal proprio territorio, l'area rimase priva di occupanti per i due anni successivi[4]. I nidi di coda ad anello tendono a essere più numerosi tra la bassa boscaglia e meno comuni nelle aree ricche di alberi con poco sottobosco[3]. I nidi forniscono rifugio ai piccoli quando non possono essere trasportati troppo a lungo sul dorso dalle madri. Anche gli adulti li utilizzano come riparo durante il giorno[3].

Riproduzione

Come tutti i marsupiali, il coda ad anello comune trasporta i piccoli nel marsupio, dove si sviluppano. A seconda dell'areale, la stagione degli accoppiamenti può avvenire in qualsiasi momento tra aprile e dicembre[11]. La maggior parte dei piccoli nasce tra maggio e luglio. Il ciclo estrale dura 28 giorni[5]. La riproduzione è sia poliestrale che poliovulare. Se una femmina perde prematuramente la sua cucciolata, essa ritorna in estro e partorisce una seconda nidiata di rimpiazzo in ottobre, se le condizioni sono favorevoli[3]. Ciascuna nidiata è composta in media da due piccoli, ma la femmina è in grado di allevarne anche quattro, essendo dotata di quattro capezzoli nel marsupio[3]. I piccoli si sviluppano piuttosto lentamente, a causa del latte diluito povero di lipidi con il quale vengono nutriti[13]. Come in altri marsupiali, la composizione del latte del coda ad anello comune va incontro a una serie di variazioni nel corso dell'allattamento[13]. Durante la seconda fase dell'allattamento, i piccoli ingeriscono anche cibi solidi, specialmente quando emergono dal marsupio[13]. Durante questo periodo, la concentrazione di carboidrati ingeriti raggiunge il massimo, mentre quella di proteine e lipidi rimane invariata[13]. Il lungo periodo di allattamento permette ai piccoli di trascorrere più tempo nel nido comunitario, dove possono imparare ad arrampicarsi e a trovare cibo sugli alberi[3].

I piccoli iniziano a emettere vocalizzi e ad aprire gli occhi tra i 90 e i 106 giorni di età[11]. Essi lasciano il marsupio materno a 120-130 giorni. Tuttavia, l'allattamento si protrae fino a 180-220 giorni dopo la nascita, sebbene talvolta termini verso i 145 giorni[5]. Entrambi i sessi raggiungono la maturità sessuale nel corso della stagione riproduttiva successiva alla loro nascita.

Distribuzione e habitat

Il coda ad anelli comune è diffuso lungo le coste orientali dell'Australia e in Tasmania[11]. Vive generalmente in ambienti temperati e tropicali ed è raro nelle regioni più aride. Predilige le foreste con una fitta boscaglia, in particolare quelle di eucalipto[11]. Il coda ad anello comune e i suoi parenti occupano una gamma di nicchie ecologiche simili a quelle occupate da lemuri, scimmie, scoiattoli e galagoni nelle foreste degli altri continenti[5].

Tassonomia

Attualmente nel genere Pseudocheirus vengono classificati solamente il coda ad anelli comune e il coda ad anelli occidentale, ma in passato vi venivano classificate anche le specie appartenenti al genere Pseudochirulus e altri coda ad anello. P. peregrinus viene attualmente suddiviso in tre sottospecie, ma alcuni ritengono che questo taxon sia costituito da un complesso di specie[2]. Le sottospecie attualmente riconosciute sono[2]:

Fino a poco tempo fa anche il coda ad anello occidentale (P. occidentalis), diffuso nel sud-ovest del Paese, era considerato una sottospecie del coda ad anello comune[14].

Conservazione

Il numero di coda ad anello comuni è diminuito in modo allarmante durante gli anni '50. Tuttavia, la popolazione sembra essersi ripresa nel corso degli ultimi decenni[11]. Dal momento che la specie è perlopiù arboricola, è particolarmente minacciata dalla deforestazione. Ogni anno vari esemplari vengono inoltre investiti dai veicoli o uccisi, nelle aree suburbane, da gatti e cani[11]. I coda ad anello non utilizzano abitazioni o altre strutture costruite dall'uomo come rifugio e pertanto non vengono reputati animali nocivi[11].

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Lamoreux, J. & Hilton-Taylor, C. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) 2008, Pseudocheirus peregrinus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Pseudocheirus peregrinus, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k C. Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe, Life of Marsupials, Csiro Publishing, 2005, pp. 243–247, ISBN 978-0-643-06257-3. URL consultato l'8 maggio 2012.
  4. ^ a b c Thomson, JA. Owen WH., A Field Study of the Australian Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae), in Ecological Monographs, vol. 34, n. 1, 1964, pp. 27–52, DOI:10.2307/1948462, JSTOR 1948462.
  5. ^ a b c d Barnett, J.L, A., R. R.A. How. 1984. "The Population Biology of Pseudocheirus peregrinus". pp. 261–268 in Possums and Gliders Andrew Smith, Ian D. Hume (Eds.) New South Wales: Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Limited.
  6. ^ Cork SJ, Pahl. (1984) "The possible influence of nutritional factors on diet and habitat selection by the ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus)". In: Possums and gliders Andrew Smith, Ian D. Hume (Eds.) pp. 269–76. Australian Mammal Society.
  7. ^ TP Obrien, A Lomdahl and G Sanson, Preliminary Microscopic Investigations of the Digesta Derived From Foliage of Eucalyptus-Ovata (Labill) in the Digestive-Tract of the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Marsupialia), in Australian Journal of Zoology, vol. 34, n. 2, 1986, pp. 157–176, DOI:10.1071/ZO9860157.
  8. ^ Chilcott M J, Coprophagy in the common ringtail possum, Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Marsupialia: Petuaridae), in Australian Mammalogy, vol. 7, 1984, pp. 107–110.
  9. ^ a b Chilcott MJ, Hume ID, Nitrogen and Urea Metabolism and Nitrogen, Requirements of the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus peregrinus, Fed Eucalyptus andrewii Foliage, in Aust. J. Zool, vol. 32, n. 5, 1984, pp. 615–22, DOI:10.1071/ZO9840615.
  10. ^ SA Munks e B Green, Milk consumption and growth in a marsupial arboreal folivore, the common ringtail possum, in Physiological zoology, vol. 70, n. 6, 1997, pp. 691–700, DOI:10.1086/515871, PMID 9361143.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h Pseudocheirus peregrinus Animal diversity
  12. ^ Lee, Anthony, A. 1984. "The Evolution of Strategies for Survival and Reproduction in Possums and Gliders". pp. 17–19 in Possums and Gliders Andrew Smith, Ian D. Hume (Eds.). New South Wales: Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Limited.
  13. ^ a b c d SA Munks, B Green, K Newgrain and M Messer, Milk-Composition in the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Petauridae, Marsupialia), in Australian Journal of Zoology, vol. 39, n. 4, 1991, pp. 403–416, DOI:10.1071/ZO9910403.
  14. ^ Pseudocheirus occidentalis — Western Ringtail Possum, su Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. URL consultato il 3 novembre 2010.

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Pseudocheirus peregrinus: Brief Summary ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

Il coda ad anello comune (Pseudocheirus peregrinus Boddaert, 1785; dal greco «falsa mano» e dal latino «pellegrino» o «alieno») è un marsupiale australiano della famiglia degli Pseudocheiridi. È presente in vari habitat e si nutre di una vasta gamma di foglie appartenenti a specie endemiche e introdotte, nonché di fiori e frutta. Questo possum consuma anche un particolare tipo di feci che produce durante il giorno, mentre riposa nel nido. Questo comportamento è noto come coprofagia ed è stato osservato anche nei conigli.

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Oostelijke koeskoes ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

De oostelijke koeskoes (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) is een klimbuideldier uit de familie der kleine koeskoezen (Pseudocheiridae).

Kenmerken

De bovenkant van het lichaam is meestal grijsbruin, de flanken zijn roodachtig, de onderkant is wit. De West-Australische dieren hebben een donkerdere rug en de gele flanken ontbreken en bij de ondersoort pulcher uit de regenwouden van het noorden is de bovenkant volledig oranje van kleur. De grijpstaart is grotendeels grijsachtig, maar de punt is wit. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 320 tot 380 mm, de staartlengte 300 tot 380 mm en het gewicht 660 tot 900 g.

Leefwijze

Deze soort is 's nachts actief, leeft in bomen en is sociaal (hij vormt familiegroepen). De oostelijke koeskoes eet bladeren, bloemen en fruit. In het noorden gebruikt hij voornamelijk boomholtes voor beschutting; in het zuiden bouwt het dier vaak een rond nest van boombast, twijgen en bladeren.

Verspreiding

Deze soort komt voor in Australië. Het belangrijkste deel van de verspreiding is langs de oostkust van de punt van het Kaap York-schiereiland tot het zuidoosten van Zuid-Australië, maar er zijn geïsoleerde populaties in het zuidwesten van West-Australië, op Tasmanië en op Kangaroo-eiland, Kingeiland en Flinderseiland.

 src=
Verspreidingsgebied

Voortplanting

De paartijd is van april tot november. Er worden twee jongen geboren (behalve bij de West-Australische populatie, waar de vrouwtjes meestal maar één jong krijgen).

Soortenbeschrijving

De West-Australische dieren, de ondersoort occidentalis Thomas, 1888, die donkerder van kleur zijn, vertegenwoordigen mogelijk een aparte soort. Deze soort komt voor in allerlei soorten bos. De oostelijke koeskoes is de enige soort van het geslacht Pseudocheirus, een geslacht dat eens alle kleine koeskoezen behalve de reuzenkoeskoes omvatte. De Queenslandkoeskoes, de rotskoeskoes en de soorten van Pseudochirops werden in 1988 van Pseudocheirus gescheiden, gevolgd door Pseudochirulus in 1995.

Literatuur

  • Groves, C.P. 2005. Order Diprotodontia. pp. 43–70 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 1: pp. i-xxxv+1-743; Vol. 2: pp. i-xvii+745-2142. ISBN 0 8018 8221 4
  • Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0 19 550870 X
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Oostelijke koeskoes: Brief Summary ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

De oostelijke koeskoes (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) is een klimbuideldier uit de familie der kleine koeskoezen (Pseudocheiridae).

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Pseudopałanka wędrowna ( البولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Pseudopałanka wędrowna[3], pałanka wędrowna[4] (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny pseudopałankowatych (Pseudocheiridae).

Występowanie i biotop

Wzdłuż wschodniego wybrzeża Australii od Queenslandu, poprzez Nową Południową Walię i Wiktorię. Zamieszkuje również Tasmanię, wyspy Furneaux, Wyspę Kangura i południową-zachodnią część Australii Zachodniej.

Charakterystyka ogólna

Podstawowe dane Długość ciała 30-35 cm Długość ogona 30-35 cm Masa ciała 700-1100 g Dojrzałość płciowa w 365 dniu życia Ciąża 28 dni Liczba młodych
w miocie 2 Długość życia do 6 lat
(średnio 3 lata)

Wygląd

Mały torbacz o brązowym futrze (na brzuchu szare). Głowa o dużych oczach i małych uszach z białą plamką z tyłu. Chwytny ogon z białym końcem (jest równy długości ciała). Dwa palce przednich łap są przeciwstawne trzem pozostałym.

Tryb życia

Pałanka wędrowna jest zwierzęciem aktywnym nocą i prowadzącym nadrzewny tryb życia. Żyje w małych grupkach składających się z samca, kilku samic i młodych. Jest zwierzęciem terytorialnymi. W zależności od rejonu występowania buduje gniazda (wielkości piłki futbolowej) lub zamieszkuje dziuple w pniach i konarach. Rzadko schodzi na ziemię. Okres rozrodczy trwa od kwietnia do grudnia (najczęściej od maja do lipca). Zwykle samica wydaje na świat dwoje młodych (rzadko cztery), które wpełzają do torby i spędzają tam około 4 miesięcy (chociaż okres laktacji trwa 6 miesięcy). Dojrzałość płciową osiągają po ukończeniu pierwszego roku życia.

Pałanka wędrowna odżywia się liśćmi (głównie eukaliptusa), choć urozmaica to owocami i kwiatami. Pokarm trawiony jest w jelicie ślepym przez bakterie i wydalany w postaci papki, która jest ponownie zjadana (cekotrofia).

Pałanki żyją od 4 do 6 lat, w zależności od twardości spożywanego pokarmu powodującego starcie zębów.

Znaczenie

Jest uważana za szkodnika, z powodu okradania ogródków przydomowych. W Australii nazywana jest złodziejem róż.

Zagrożenie i ochrona

W Czerwonej księdze gatunków zagrożonych Międzynarodowej Unii Ochrony Przyrody i Jej Zasobów została zaliczona do kategorii niskiego ryzyka LC[2]. Zagrożeniem dla pałanek są domowe psy i koty.

Przypisy

  1. Pseudocheirus peregrinus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. a b J. Winter, P. Menkhorst, D. Lunney & J. van Weenen 2008, Pseudocheirus peregrinus [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 [online], wersja 2017-3 [dostęp 2018-02-03] (ang.).
  3. W. Cichocki, A. Ważna, J. Cichocki, E. Rajska-Jurgiel, A. Jasiński & W. Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 13. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9. (pol.ang.)
  4. K. Kowalski (red.), A. Krzanowski, H. Kubiak, B. Rzebik-Kowalska & L. Sych: Ssaki. Wyd. IV. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1991, s. 249, seria: Mały słownik zoologiczny. ISBN 83-214-0637-8.

Bibliografia

  • Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Pseudocheirus peregrinus. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 28 maja 2008]
  • Paul Welsh: Pseudocheirus peregrinus (ang.). University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. [dostęp 28 maja 2008].
  • E. Keller, prof. dr. J. H. Reiccholf, G. Steinbach, K. Zub (tłum. z niem.): Leksykon zwierząt: Ssaki cz.1.. Warszawa: Bertelsmann Media Sp. z.o.o., 2001, s. 33. ISBN 83-7227-610-2.
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Pseudopałanka wędrowna: Brief Summary ( البولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia POL

Pseudopałanka wędrowna, pałanka wędrowna (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny pseudopałankowatych (Pseudocheiridae).

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Pseudocheirus peregrinus ( البرتغالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia PT

Pseudocheirus peregrinus (do grego para "falsa mão" e do latim para "peregrino") é um marsupial da Austrália. É um herbívoro de hábitos nocturnos, que pesa entre 550 e 1100 g. Possui uma pelagem de coloração cinzenta, com manchas brancas posteriores aos olhos. O abdómen é normalmente de cor creme.

Possui uma cauda preênsil, com a ponta de cor branca que abrange 25% do tamanho da cauda. As patas traseiras apresentam sindactilia, que ajuda o animal a trepar.

Alimenta-se de uma variedade de folhas de plantas, quer nativas, quer introduzidas. Também se alimenta de flores e de frutos. Este animal exibe um comportamento de coprofagia: quando descansa no ninho, alimenta-se de um tipo especial de fezes que são produzidas durante o dia. Este comportamento é similar ao apresentado pelos coelhos.

 src=
Um exemplar em cima de uma vedação, próximo de Melbourne, na Austrália
 src=
Um exemplar a dormir durante o dia

Referências

  1. Australasian Marsupial & Monotreme Specialist Group (1996). Pseudocheirus peregrinus (em inglês). IUCN 2006. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2006 . Página visitada em 12 Maio 2006.
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Pseudocheirus peregrinus: Brief Summary ( البرتغالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia PT

Pseudocheirus peregrinus (do grego para "falsa mão" e do latim para "peregrino") é um marsupial da Austrália. É um herbívoro de hábitos nocturnos, que pesa entre 550 e 1100 g. Possui uma pelagem de coloração cinzenta, com manchas brancas posteriores aos olhos. O abdómen é normalmente de cor creme.

Possui uma cauda preênsil, com a ponta de cor branca que abrange 25% do tamanho da cauda. As patas traseiras apresentam sindactilia, que ajuda o animal a trepar.

Alimenta-se de uma variedade de folhas de plantas, quer nativas, quer introduzidas. Também se alimenta de flores e de frutos. Este animal exibe um comportamento de coprofagia: quando descansa no ninho, alimenta-se de um tipo especial de fezes que são produzidas durante o dia. Este comportamento é similar ao apresentado pelos coelhos.

 src= Um exemplar em cima de uma vedação, próximo de Melbourne, na Austrália  src= Um exemplar a dormir durante o dia
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Vakoveverica sťahovavá ( السلوفاكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SK

Vakoveverica sťahovavá (lat. Pseudocheirus peregrinus) je druh z čeľade Pseudocheiridae má charakteristický stočený chvost, jeho špička je zospodu holá.

Výskyt

Vyskytuje sa v niekoľko poddruhoch v celej východnej a juhovýchodnej Austrálie od Yorského polostrova až po východ Južnej Austrálie, okrem toho na Tasmánii. Obýva lesy a oblasti s hustými krovinami.

Základné dáta

Dĺžka vakoveverice sťahovavej je 30 až 35 cm. Jej hmotnosť je 700 až 1100 g.

Zaujímavosti

Po Kusu líščom je vakoveverica sťahovavá najčastejším stromovým vačkovcom. Obdobne ako kusu liščí sa vyskytuje aj v záhradách a parkoch veľkých miest na východnom pobreží. Živí sa predovšetkým lístím, ale aj kvetmi a plodmi, a občas vyprázdňuje záhrady. Ako väčšina vakoveveríc, je bylinožravá.

Zdroj

  • Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článku na českej Wikipédii (číslo revízie nebolo určené).
  • Slovenský názov podľa knihy Zviera

Iné projekty

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Vakoveverica sťahovavá: Brief Summary ( السلوفاكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SK

Vakoveverica sťahovavá (lat. Pseudocheirus peregrinus) je druh z čeľade Pseudocheiridae má charakteristický stočený chvost, jeho špička je zospodu holá.

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Vanlig pungekorre ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV

Vanlig pungekorre eller ringsvansopossum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus[2]) är ett pungdjur i familjen ringsvanspungråttor.[2]

Djuret listades fram till 2014 som enda art i släktet Pseudocheirus och sedan 2014 godkänns den västra populationen åter som Pseudocheirus occidentalis.[1]

Kännetecken

Djuret är en av de mindre arterna i familjen. Vanlig pungekorre når en kroppslängd mellan 28 och 35 centimeter (utan svans) samt en vikt mellan 700 och 1100 gram. Själva svansen är 28 till 36 centimeter lång och används som gripverktyg.[3] Pälsens färg varierar mycket mellan grå och rödbrun. Buken är vanligen ljusare eller helt vit. Påfallande är tofsar på öronen och den vita svansspetsen. Liksom andra arter i familjen har den ett litet huvud med korta öron. Vid de främre extremiteterna är två fingrar motsättliga.[3]

Utbredning och habitat

Arten är vanlig längs Australiens östra kustlinje, utbredningsområdet sträcker sig från Queensland till östra South Australia. Dessutom finns arten på Tasmanien. Habitatet utgörs främst av skogar, till exempel regnskogar eller skogar med träd av eukalyptussläktet, men vissa individer lever i buskland. Torra regioner undviks oftast.[1]

Population vid Western Australias sydvästra spets listas sedan 2014 som Pseudocheirus occidentalis.[1]

Levnadssätt

Vanlig pungekorre är aktiv på natten. På dagen sover den i bon av blad, bark och ormbunkar eller i trädens håligheter som fodras med löv. Den vistas sällan på marken och tillbringar nästan hela livet i träd. I motsats till de andra medlemmarna i samma familj lever arten vanligen i mindre grupper. Gruppen består av en hanne, en eller två honor och deras ungdjur. När individerna lever ensamma är de aggressiva mot artfränder.[3]

Födan utgörs främst av blad, dessutom äter djuret blommor, knopp, nektar och frukter.[3]

Fortplantning

Honor har en bra utvecklad pung med fyra spenar. De kan para sig en eller två gånger om året (mycket sällan tre gånger) och sedan föds efter ungefär 28 dagars dräktighet en till tre ungar.[3] Ungarna lever sina första fyra månader i pungen. Efter 6 till 7 månader slutar honan att ge di och efter cirka ett år är ungarna könsmogna. Individerna blir i naturen sällan äldre än tre till fyra år. I fångenskap blir de upp till åtta år gamla.[3]

Hot

Fram till 1950-talet jagades arten på Tasmanien för pälsens skull.[3] Djuret vistas ibland i förorter till stora städer. I motsats till pungrävar undviker de människans sällskap och de anses därför inte som en plåga. Många individer dör i trafiken eller de dödas av katter. I vissa regioner, som Western Australia och Victoria, har de blivit sällsynta på grund av förstöring av levnadsområdet. Allmänt betraktas arten som livskraftig.[1]

Systematik

Artens närmaste släktingar finns i släktet Pseudochirulus. Vissa zoologer räknar dessa djur till samma släkte. Tidigare räknades även arterna från släktet Pseudochirops till släktet Pseudocheirus men efter nyare undersökningar bildar de ett eget släkte.

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 11 oktober 2009.

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c d e] Pseudocheirus peregrinusIUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Winter, J., Menkhorst, P., Lunney, D. & van Weenen, J. 2008, besökt 18 oktober 2009.
  2. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (15 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  3. ^ [a b c d e f g] Nowak, R. M. (1999) s.133/34 Google books

Tryckta källor

  • Ronald M. Nowak (1999): Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, ISBN 0801857899.

Externa länkar

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Vanlig pungekorre: Brief Summary ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV

Vanlig pungekorre eller ringsvansopossum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) är ett pungdjur i familjen ringsvanspungråttor.

Djuret listades fram till 2014 som enda art i släktet Pseudocheirus och sedan 2014 godkänns den västra populationen åter som Pseudocheirus occidentalis.

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Pseudocheirus peregrinus ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Pseudocheirus peregrinus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Pseudocheiridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Boddaert mô tả năm 1785.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Winter, J., Menkhorst, P., Lunney, D. & van Weenen, J. (2008). Pseudocheirus peregrinus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 12 năm 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Pseudocheirus peregrinus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Pseudocheirus peregrinus tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Pseudocheirus peregrinus: Brief Summary ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Pseudocheirus peregrinus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Pseudocheiridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Boddaert mô tả năm 1785.

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반지꼬리주머니쥐 ( الكورية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

반지꼬리주머니쥐(Pseudocheirus peregrinus)는 오스트레일리아 유대류의 일종이다. 다양한 서식지에서 살며, 토착종과 외래종 식물 둘다의 다양한 잎 그리고 꽃과 열매도 먹는다. 뉴질랜드에서는 발견되지 않는다. 이 주머니쥐는 또한 둥지에 머무는 낮 시간 동안에 자신이 배출한 대소변을 먹는다. 이 습성은 식분증(食糞症, Coprophagia)이라고 부르며, 자기 똥을 먹는 토끼 등의 행동을 비슷하다.

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 51쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Pseudocheirus peregrinus”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2008년 12월 28일에 확인함.
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