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Oneseed juniper provides good cover for birds and mammals including quail, wild turkey, deer, and songbirds [108]. The degree to which oneseed juniper provides environmental protection during one or more seasons for wildlife species is [28]:
CO UT pronghorn - good elk - good mule deer fair good white-tailed deer fair - small mammals good good small nongame birds good good upland game birds - good waterfowl - poor
Oneseed juniper is a native, long-lived, evergreen tree with often shrubby form, 10 to 40 feet (3-12 m) high with several curved limbs arising near the base [32,42,121,127].
Oneseed juniper produces small, "berry-like", glaucous, globular staminate cones, and subglobose ovulate cones [42,127]. Mature cones are dark blue to purple or brownish, and succulent, or at least somewhat fleshy [50,127,132]. Seeds are generally 1 per fruit, more rarely 2, reddish-brown and ovoid to globose [50,127]. Juniper seeds are described as having a semipermeable and thick seed coat with a dormant embryo [41]. The cones are often referred to as "berries" in the literature.
Mature oneseed junipers have both tap and lateral root systems. The taproots in 1 study ranged from 18 inches (46 cm) to more than 12 feet (3.7 m) in length. Of 500 trees examined, 347 had well-developed taproots. Lateral roots were widespread, commonly being 2.5 to 3 times as long as the tree was tall. Most lateral roots were in the surface 3 feet (1 m) of the soil, most of those concentrated below the surface 6 inches (15 cm) [64]. The deep root system of mature oneseed junipers is adapted for growth on dry sites [51,64,107]. Foxx and Tierney [43] reported rooting depths ranging from 16 to 197 feet (5-60 m).
Oneseed juniper is a slow-growing species. Lymbery and Pieper [80] reported an increase in height of approximately 6.3 inches (16 cm) per decade, with a corresponding increase in stem diameter of 0.5 inch (1.2 cm). Growth rate tends to vary according to site characteristics, however. On a hilly site in southwestern Texas, a oneseed juniper 35 years of age was 14 feet (4.3 m) in height with a diameter of 0.5 inch (1.3 cm) [23].
Oneseed juniper has the ability to stop active growth when moisture is limited but can resume growth when moisture availability improves [53]. This growth pattern may represent an important adaptation allowing junipers to survive on harsh, arid sites. Although small trees may be killed by drought, mature oneseed junipers are resistant to drought, especially in comparison to Colorado pinyon [64,107].Oneseed juniper is common in the desert grassland and pinyon-juniper ranges throughout New Mexico and in southeastern and north-central Arizona. This species also occurs in southern Colorado, western Texas and western Oklahoma [5,99]. Occurrence of oneseed juniper in Mexico is unclear because it is very similar morphologically to other species, especially Pinchot juniper. According to Adams [1,2], who conducted chemosystematic studies and reviewed taxonomic literature: "The one-seeded juniper group in Mexico is very complex."
The Flora of North America also provides distribution information on oneseed juniper for North America.
Oneseed juniper is susceptible to fire [87,134]. Fire mortality is generally high for both young and old trees [68], although the medium-thick bark of older trees may afford some protection [24,87,98]. A history of heavy grazing may also reduce flammability of mature oneseed juniper stands by reducing fine fuels [11,98].
In some areas, juniper is protected from fire by site factors. For example, junipers frequently grow on rocky breaks or escarpments where fire frequency is low. Wright [134] reported that nonsprouting juniper species often occupy isolated topographic breaks which may be surrounded by grasslands that are more susceptible to fire.
Fire adaptations: Postfire reestablishment is primarily through seed and is relatively slow [63]. Most establishment is from seed dispersed from off-site by birds and mammals, but some establishment may occur from seeds buried on-site and protected from the heat of fire by overlying soil layers. Establishment may be relatively poor even when good germination occurs, and growth is typically very slow [115].
Oneseed juniper is usually regarded as a nonsprouter [134], but older trees have been known to sprout infrequently after fire [24,128]. This mode of regeneration appears to be relatively unimportant, however.FIRE REGIMES: Past FIRE REGIMES in southwestern pinyon-juniper woodlands were mixed, having both surface and crown fires, and are a reflection of variable intensity and frequency depending on site productivity [48,98]. "Productive sites could sustain patchy fires at intervals of 10 to 50 years, and could have attained densities sufficient to carry crown fires at intervals of 200 to 300 years. In open stands, where grass cover was continuous, fire intervals might have been 10 years or less, and probably maintained grasslands and savannas [48]."
According to a 1962 review of oneseed juniper by Johnsen [64] (and references therein), fires were reported to have been widespread and destructive before the juniper woodlands were heavily used by settlers. A 1904 publication cited by Johnsen reported that 5% of the junipers on the Coconino National Forest had been struck and killed by lightning. Johnsen indicated that "lightning strikes are still common, but fires started in this way are usually confined to the tree struck, for only in the very dry hot periods with strong winds in the late spring will a fire carry through even a dense juniper stand".
The following table provides some fire return intervals for communities where oneseed juniper may occur. Find further fire regime information for the plant communities in which this species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under "Find FIRE REGIMES".
Community or Ecosystem Dominant Species Fire Return Interval Range (years) desert grasslands Bouteloua eriopoda and/or Pleuraphis mutica 5-100 grama-galleta steppe Bouteloua gracilis-Pleuraphis jamesii cheatgrass Bromus tectorum 98] basin big sagebrush Artemisia tridentata var. tridentata 12-43 [111] mountain big sagebrush Artemisia tridentata var. vaseyana 15-40 [8,21,88] juniper-oak savanna Juniperus ashei-Quercus virginiana Ceniza shrub Larrea tridentata-Leucophyllum frutescens-Prosopis glandulosa pinyon-juniper Pinus-Juniperus spp. 98] Mexican pinyon Pinus cembroides 20-70 [91,123] Colorado pinyon Pinus edulis 10-49 [98] Arizona pine Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica 2-10 [7] mesquite Prosopis glandulosa mesquite-buffalo grass Prosopis glandulosa-Buchloe dactyloides oak-juniper woodland (Southwest) Quercus-Juniperus spp. 98]Historically, periodic fire is believed to have played an important role in maintaining juniper savannas [64,98,132]. Mueggler [93] reported that a fire-free period of 85 to 90 years was required for formation of a "well-developed" juniper woodland. Recent decades of fire suppression have probably contributed to encroachment of juniper into grasslands [78,94].
In some instances, forage production has increased after oneseed juniper and other species were removed by fire. On 1 "notable" Colorado pinyon-juniper site, Aro [11] reported increased forage production from 100 pounds per acre (45 kg/ha) before treatment to 500 pounds per acre (227 kg/ha) following fire. However, in other instances little long-term increase in forage production has been noted. According to Payson and others [98], most of the control operations failed to meet managers' objectives.
Individual tree burning was used on some pinyon-juniper woodlands [61,118]. Mechanical methods, such as chaining and cabling in pinyon-juniper woodlands, were often followed by the piling and burning of slash. Burning these high fuel concentrations generated high heat levels that damaged soil and site productivity. Surface soils in many of these piled areas were degraded and remained free of vegetation 20 years later [98,125].
Oneseed juniper does not survive in grasslands where fires occur frequently [134]. Broadcast burns may effectively control oneseed juniper if the species is well represented, weather conditions are favorable, and sufficient fuels are present. Dense stands (400 or more/ac (990/ha)) with a flammable understory are most suitable for broadcast burning [59,128]. In areas with a past history of heavy grazing where little fuels remain and few residual grasses occur, burning may be difficult and ineffective. Burns tend to be most successful when carried out in June when temperatures are high and humidity low [11,104]. Unfortunately, risk of escape may be great during this time period [11], and the window for burning very narrow [104].
Currently, prescribed fire in pinyon-juniper woodlands is used to reduce accumulations of slash from fuelwood harvesting or to reduce or eliminate tree cover to increase range productivity and biodiversity. Prescribed burning to dispose of slash is less desirable in partially harvested stands because residual trees are damaged and advance regeneration is killed. Established, smaller trees are particularly important for the next rotation because of the difficulty of achieving adequate regeneration of these relatively slow growing trees. Payson and others [98] provide recommendations relevant to fire management in pinyon-juniper ecosystems.
Oneseed juniper occupies xeric sites in semiarid climatic zones [38,51,102]. A typical Arizona site occupied by oneseed juniper receives 10 to 15 inches (250-380 mm) of precipitation annually, and has an average growing season of approximately 120 days [95,134]. Unlike several related species, the distribution of oneseed juniper does not appear to be limited by temperature inversions [59].
Oneseed juniper grows on dry, rocky, open flats, and slopes [32,50,52]. It commonly occurs in canyons or on middle-elevation foothills [50,134]. In many areas this juniper occurs in a zone below ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa) or alligator juniper, but above oak (Quercus spp.)-mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus spp.) shrublands [96,134].
Because soil moisture is limited on many oneseed juniper sites, competition with others species may significantly influence the occurrence of this tree on a particular site. Grasses can compete effectively with oneseed juniper seedlings for moisture and can limit its distribution in some areas [64,135]. Many oaks also compete for soil moisture, although oneseed juniper appears to be capable of outcompeting them on shallow soils [115]. Where oneseed juniper occurs with Colorado pinyon, junipers show much more adaptation to drought stress than do the pines [107]. These observations were based on tissue water potentials and metabolic activity during the hottest part of the day.
Oneseed juniper grows on a variety of soil textures including gravelly, rocky, or sandy soils [50]. Parent materials include basalt, limestone, and sandstone [38]. Soil characteristics, combined with temperature, moisture and topography influence the upper and lower elevational extent of oneseed juniper [18,134]. Elevational ranges of oneseed juniper reported in the literature are:
Arizona 3,000 to 7,000 feet (914-2,130 m) [32,72]
Colorado 4,000 to 7,600 feet (1,220-2,315 m) [52]
New Mexico > 5,000 to 7,500 feet (1,525-2,285 m) [125]
Surface fires kill oneseed juniper trees less than 4 feet (1.2 m) tall, but have less of an impact on older, larger trees that have thicker bark and high crown base heights that exceed flame lengths [29,61,64,98]. Fast moving surface fires in the Southwest often do not burn near trunks of larger trees because the litter layer does not ignite [98].
Average mortality following a low-severity June wildfire in oak-juniper woodlands of Arizona was 76% [68]. Researchers observed 92% mortality after a stand of small, bushy oneseed juniper were burned [17]. Springfield [118] noted 70 to 100% of oneseed junipers less than 4 feet (1.2 m) in height were killed by fire. Mortality ranging from 30 to 100% has been reported in trees 5 to 6 feet (1.5-1.8 m) in height.
Researchers have found that 100% juniper mortality results when 60% of the crown is scorched [61]. Temperatures lethal to oneseed juniper tissue are also related to the degree of desiccation, and thus season of burn may also influence the amount of damage the plant sustains. Laboratory experiments have shown that temperatures lethal to oneseed juniper ranged from 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 176 degrees Fahrenheit (61.8o to 80oC). Lethal temperatures tend to be lowest during late spring and summer [58].
Pinyon-juniper woodlands provide good habitat for mule deer, bighorn sheep, bison, wild horses, pronghorns, coyotes, bobcats, badgers, porcupines, rabbits, mice, voles, woodrats, squirrels, and numerous birds [34]. The foliage and berries of oneseed juniper provide food for many species of birds and mammals.
Browse: Deer utilize the foliage of oneseed juniper [26,59,84]. Mahgoub and others [82] observed heavy utilization in parts of south-central New Mexico where juniper can represent up to 20% of the annual diet of mule deer. Oneseed juniper foliage is reported to be a major mule deer food item from January through March in parts of southeastern New Mexico [108]. Pronghorns also browse oneseed juniper, and in some areas, winter use may be heavy [20,122]. Bighorn sheep and elk may consume small amounts of juniper browse [108]. The foliage of oneseed juniper is of little value to domestic livestock. Domestic sheep and goats utilize this species to a limited extent [26,59].
Fruit: The succulent, berrylike cones of oneseed juniper serve as an abundant and readily available food source for a wide range of wildlife species. The bright cones tend to remain on the tree and can provide food year-round [34,110], but become dry and leathery by the 2nd winter [109].
It is estimated that avian population densities may be 70% greater during years with abundant juniper "berry" crops (generally every 2 to 5 years) [13]. Studies with captive birds have revealed that an average Townsend's solitaire can consume approximately 240 "berries" per day, or 36,000 to 84,000 per winter [13,110]. In some areas at least 97% of the Townsend's solitaire's winter diet may be made up of oneseed juniper "berries" [109]. Robins also consume large numbers of the berrylike cones. An individual bird can eat 220 "berries" per day or 33,000 per winter. Birds and mammals serve as important dispersal agents for seeds of oneseed juniper. Many bird species disperse seed up to 6.3 miles (10 km) or more from the seed source. Sheep and domestic cattle can also facilitate dispersal of oneseed juniper [13,64]. Salomonson [110] reported the following animals as juniper seed consumers and dispersers:
birds mammals northern flicker desert cottontail Steller's jay black-tailed jackrabbit mountain chickadee cliff chipmunk plain titmouse rock squirrel sage thrasher golden mantled ground squirrel American robin deer mouse Townsend's solitaire Mexican woodrat western bluebird coyote evening grosbeak gray fox Cassin's finch
Other wildlife species known to consume oneseed juniper berries include mule deer, western chipmunk, antelope ground squirrel, squirrels, bear, javelina, pocket mouse, rabbits, and raccoon [,64,108,119].
Common plant associates reported in the literature are:
In northern Arizona overstory associates include Utah juniper (J. osteosperma)
and Colorado pinyon (P. edulis). Associated plants include
winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), skunkbush sumac (Rhus trilobata),
shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella), broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae),
rubber rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus), and Russian-thistle
(Salsola kali). Associated grasses include galleta (Pleuraphis jamesii),
black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda), blue grama (B. gracilis), Fendler
threeawn (Aristida purpurea var. fendleriana), sideoats grama
(B. curtipendula), tobosa (P. mutica), and bottlebrush squirreltail
(Elymus elymoides). Other associated plants include
freckled milkvetch (Astragalus lentiginosus), cholla and prickly-pear
(Opuntia spp.), [59,74]. Occasionally oneseed juniper grows in extensive pure stands,
such as those on the Coconino Plateau in northern Arizona. It is the dominant species in
these stands and may exclude all other plants [64].
In southern Arizona oneseed juniper occurs with alligator juniper (J. deppeana),
Mexican pinyon (P. cembroides), Emory oak (Q. emoryi), Arizona white oak
(Q. arizonica), Mexican blue oak (Q. oblongifolia), and species of mesquite
(Prosopis spp.) [12,92].
In New Mexico and western Texas common associates are Colorado pinyon, Pinchot juniper,
alligator juniper,broom snakeweed, skunkbush sumac, winterfat, fourwing saltbush
(Atriplex canescens), Bigelow sagebrush (Artemisia bigelovii),
true mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus), gray oak (Q. grisea),
catclaw mimosa (Mimosa biuncifera), lechuguilla (Agave lechuguilla),
prickly-pear, sideoats grama, galleta, and blue grama [3,25,44,47,71,101,102,103].
Oneseed juniper is an indicator in a number of pinyon-juniper shrubland
and desert grassland classification systems, including:
Arizona [15,121]
Colorado [54,69]
New Mexico [3,44,71,73,121]
Texas [27,83]
Based on a study conducted near Flagstaff Arizona, annual leader elongation of oneseed juniper generally begins in April [53]. Detailed phenological development from that study is:
phenological state date bark begins to slip March 25 pollen shedding and female flowers open March 25 approximate start of leader elongation April 20 1st conspicuous formation of male flowers April 19 leader elongation ceases October 26
Flowering generally occurs in March or April [50,66], but can occur as early as January or as late as June, depending on geographic location [41]. Fruit matures in 1 season, ripening from August through November [64,66]. Seed may remain on the tree for 1 to 2 years [66]. Lymbery and Pieper [80] reported that in the northern Sacramento Mountains, flowering occurred from March to April, fruit ripening from August to September, and seed dispersal from October to November.
Regeneration of oneseed juniper is usually from seed when aboveground vegetation has been killed or seriously damaged by fire. Older oneseed junipers can occasionally sprout from the base after fire. In a southern Arizona burn, 10% of oneseed junipers resprouted. In contrast 42% of alligator juniper resprouted [68]. However, in most cases, sprouting appears to be a relatively unimportant mode of regeneration.
The length of time required for postfire recovery of oneseed juniper has not been well documented. Oneseed juniper did not become prominent after a severe wildfire in Utah until postfire year 40. This species did not regain dominance on this site until 70 years after the fire [128]. Evidence suggests that factors such as soil type and preburn community composition may significantly influence the length of time required for recovery [114]. Seedling establishment may be favored in the shade of dead vegetation, including other oneseed junipers [24]. Once established, oneseed juniper can bear seed as early as 10 years of age on some sites [114].
Breeding system: Oneseed juniper is dioecious with seed persisting on the plant for 1 to 2 years [32,64,66].
Pollination: No information
Seed production: Trees first produce seed at 10 to 30 years of age, although maximum seed production generally does not occur until 50 to 200 years of age [66,115]. Trees as short as 18 inches (46 cm) in height can produce seed [64]. Oneseed juniper typically produces large seed crops at 2- to 5-year intervals [66].
Seed dispersal: Dispersal of oneseed juniper seeds may occur through water, gravity, or by any of a number of birds and mammals [10,64]. Animal dispersal may be particularly important, as digestive processes may enhance germination [13]. Most seed cones occur on the outer edges of trees where they are most visible and accessible to birds [110]. The brightly-colored, highly-visible cones persist on the trees for much of the year, providing a continually available food source for animals [13,34]. On some sites in New Mexico, as much as 95% of juniper reproduction could be attributed to bird dispersal [30]. Domestic sheep and cattle may also aid in seed dispersal [64].
Seed banking: According to Johnsen [64], "Since the seed is not harmed by long periods of dry storage, drought probably does not affect seed viability. Viable seed in the soil may endure prolonged drought and still germinate when conditions become favorable."
Germination: See Value for Rehabilitation of Disturbed Sites for detailed information about germination experiments with this species.
Seedling establishment/growth: Seedling establishment of oneseed juniper is often very poor even when good germination occurs [114]. The growth rate has been characterized as slow with medium vigor. Researchers in some areas have found that only approximately 3% of juniper seeds develop to the seedling stage. Shade may be important for good early growth of oneseed juniper [60]. Emergence appears to be somewhat greater under trees or shrubs than in interspaces where humidity and temperature fluctuations are more extreme [64]. In some areas, small junipers are particularly numerous under the canopy of pinyon or other trees [60,115]. Most seedlings occur some distance from the parent tree, although most seeds are located beneath the source tree [110]. Seedlings seldom establish beneath mature junipers, and an autopathic effect from litter is suspected [115].
Asexual regeneration: Although oneseed juniper is usually regarded as a nonsprouter [135], limited sprouting, mostly from older trees, has been observed [24,129]. Approximately 10% of living oneseed junipers sprouted from the base following an Arizona fire [129].
Populations of oneseed juniper have been classified as climax [54,113], seral [44], late seral [27], and postclimax [64]. Schott and Pieper [113,115] examined secondary succession in pinyon-juniper several decades following cabling and concluded that re-established stands of pinyon and oneseed juniper were climax. Johnsen [64] concluded that within northern Arizona grasslands are numerous postclimax oneseed juniper stands with soil and microclimate conditions different from adjacent grasslands. The oneseed junipers maintain themselves on these areas but are not invading the surrounding grassland. Francis [44] described 4 seral phyto-edaphic community types in northwestern New Mexico where oneseed juniper is a codominant indicator species.
According to Gottfried [48] junipers are the 1st to return in secondary succession but are often followed and replaced by pinyon. "Habitat type affects the successional pathway following a disturbance. Succession on a site is influenced by the severity and size of the disturbance, and by the composition, longevity, and density of any surviving plants and propagules within the disturbed area and the characteristics of plant communities in adjacent undisturbed areas. Climatic conditions also influence the nature and speed of succession."
See Other Management Considerations for an analysis of a drought-induced ecotone shift of oneseed junipers into a declining ponderosa pine forest in Arizona.
New Mexico studies comparing plant growth in zones extending out from the boles of oneseed juniper and pinyon pine showed differences between the zones and also between the two tree species [6,112]. Grasses and other plants were consistently sparser beneath the tree canopies. The author's review of possible explanations includes allelopathy, shade, precipitation interception by the canopy, and litter cover forming a physical barrier to germinating plants. Other explanations offered to explain the reduced under-canopy vegetation include root competition for soil moisture, and possible chemical properties of oneseed juniper litter [9,62].
The currently accepted scientific name of oneseed juniper is Juniperus monosperma
(Engelm.) Sarg. (Cupressaceae) [42,70].
Reports of hybridization with Pinchot juniper (J. pinchotii) have been
refuted by use of numerous chemical and morphologic characters. The two species
have nonoverlapping pollination seasons [2,42].
Because research focused specifically on oneseed juniper is not abundant,
some information in this report is drawn from studies and reviews that pertain to
multispecies Southwestern juniper or pinyon (Pinus spp.)-juniper
(Juniperus spp.) woodlands. In this report "oneseed juniper" is used
where the study discussed focused on that species. "Juniper" or "pinyon-juniper"
describes studies broader in scope, but where oneseed juniper was usually
identified as component. When the pinyon species was identified it is included.
Oneseed juniper is rated as having low overall value for short-term rehabilitation but high value for long-term rehabilitation [28]. It was not widely used in the past for rehabilitation projects because of unreliable seed germination. Fertilizers, wood chips, straw mulch, plastic mesh protection against rodents, and drip irrigation can all contribute to increased survival on disturbed sites. Oneseed juniper has been successfully planted on surface coal and uranium mines in the Southwest. Improved techniques have resulted in survival rates as high as 99% [40,41].
In a New Mexico study of planted seed, drip irrigation was more effective than mulch, while triple-superphosphate aided growth more than slow-release fertilizers. On these sites, July planting dates produced best results at higher elevations, whereas August plantings were most successful on low elevation sites [40].
Transplanting containerized seedlings onto disturbed sites has also been a successful technique [39,40,41]. In New Mexico, survival is best when trees are planted after the June drought but before the ground freezes. Survival of transplants is heavily dependent on moisture availability. Mulch aids in water conservation and can enhance survival on dry sites. Drip irrigation may be necessary on the most arid sites. Researchers suggested that fertilizer may improve survival on some sites particularly when combined with irrigation [40,41]. In another New Mexico study of rehabilitation of surface-mined land, survival of transplanted containerized seedlings was improved by wood chip mulch and animal protection using rigid mesh. In this study, fertilizer provided no benefit and decreased oneseed juniper survival where seeded grasses were able to outcompete. Competition from weeds also reduced juniper growth and survival [39].
Germinating juniper seeds is difficult. Seeds may require a period of afterripening [41]. Pack [97] found that high temperatures, alternating temperatures, freezing and thawing, removal of the seed coat, application of hydrogen peroxide, dilute acids, carbon dioxide, or light had little influence on germination of juniper seeds. Cold stratification may improve germination in oneseed juniper [66]. Fischer and others [41] found that germination improved when seeds were leached 48 hours with hydrogen peroxide, or treated with ethephon or hydrogen peroxide plus gibberellic acid followed by cold stratification .
Experiments suggest that exposure to sunlight may have relatively little effect on germination. Johnsen [64] observed average germination of 44% for seeds grown in the dark, and 52% for seeds exposed to sunlight. Soil moisture may be an important factor influencing germination. Germination appears to be best in moist but not saturated soil. Seeds of oneseed juniper do not germinate well on the soil surface which is subject to rapid desiccation. Juniper seeds appear to be resistant to drought when buried in the soil [63,64]. Buried seeds can often retain viability and germinate when moisture conditions become favorable. Approximately 54% of oneseed juniper seed stored for 21 years germinated [63].
Juniperus monosperma ye una especie d'enebro nativa del oeste d'América del Norte, nos Estaos Xuníos en Arizona, Nuevu Méxicu, el sur de Coloráu , nel oeste d'Oklahoma ( Panhandle ), y l'oeste de Texas y en Méxicu, nel estremu norte de Chihuahua. a una altitú de Crez a 970-2300 metros.[2][3]
Ye un árbol de fueya perenne de coníferes, un parrotal o pequeñu árbol qu'algama un tamañu de 2-7 m (raramente a 12 m) d'altor, polo xeneral de tarmos múltiples, y con una copa trupo y arrondao. La corteza ye de color gris-marrón, esfoliante en tires llonxitudinales delgaes, esponiendo naranxa brillosu marrón debaxo. Los biltos finales son de 1.2 a 1.9 mm d'espesura. Les fueyes son escamoses, de 1-2 mm de llargu y 0,6 a 1,5 mm d'anchu en pequeños biltos, hasta 10 mm de llongura nos biltos brengosos; que tán dispuestos en verticilos de trés o pares opuestos alternos. Les fueyes xuveniles, producíes solamente nes plantes de pebidal nuevos, son en forma d'aguya. Los conos son de baga, con carne de resina blanda, subglobosos a ovoides, de 5-7 mm de llargu azul escuro con un azul blanco flor de cera pálida, y contienen una sola grana (escasamente dos o trés); que son maduros nunos 6-8 meses de la polinización. Los conos masculinos son de 2-4 mm de llargu, y arramen el so polen a finales del iviernu. Polo xeneral ye dioica, con conos masculinos y femeninos en plantes separaes, pero de xemes en cuando puede atopase plantes monoiques.[2][3] Los sos raigaños comprobóse que s'estienden hasta los 61 m so la superficie, polo que ye la segunda planta col raigaños más fondos, dempués Boscia albitrunca.[4]
Con frecuencia, los conos pueden atopase col vértiz de la grana espuesta; Éstos solíen ser dacuando consideraos una especie separada Juniperus gymnocarpa, pero agora sábese que ye por cuenta de los daños d'inseutos a los conos en desenvolvimientu (y que puede afectar a munches especies distintes de enebro); les granes de tales conos son maneros.[3]
Ye bien rara o inclusive estinguida en Méxicu, con una única colección de herbariu de 1880 verificáu;[2] busques más recién nun llograron atopar la especie ellí.[3] Una especie estrechamente rellacionada ye Juniperus angosturana que foi sicasí enantes considerada una variedá , como J. monosperma var. gracilis Martínez; estremar de J. monosperma nel so espodada pie de 1.0-1.3 mm de diámetru.[2][3]
A diferencia de munchos otros enebros, la madera nun ye duradera, polo que nun s'utiliza en nenguna midida.[3]
Ente los Zuñi, utilizábase una cataplasma del raigañu mazcáu aplicada p'aumentar la fuercia de los naciellos y lactantes. Un fervinchu de les fueyes tamién se toma pa los dolores musculares y p'evitar la concepción. Un fervinchu de les fueyes tamién se toma dempués del partu pa prevenir calambres uterinos y detener el sangráu vaxinal.[5] Un fervinchu simple o compuesta de cañes n'utilízase pa promover les contraiciones musculares na nacencia y utilízase dempués de la nacencia pa detener el fluxu sanguíneo.[6] La madera tamién s'utiliza como un favoritu de lleña y ceremonial, y l'arralláu de la corteza fibrosa utilízase específicamente como yesca pa encender los palos de fueu utilizaes pal fueu d'Añu Nuevu.[7]
Juniperus monosperma describióse por (Engelm.) Sarg. y espublizóse en The Silva of North America-- 10: 89. 1896.[8]
Juniperus: nome xenéricu que procede del llatín iuniperus, que ye'l nome del enebro.[9]
monosperma: epítetu llatín que significa "con una grana".[10]
.
Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies. Juniperus monosperma ye una especie d'enebro nativa del oeste d'América del Norte, nos Estaos Xuníos en Arizona, Nuevu Méxicu, el sur de Coloráu , nel oeste d'Oklahoma ( Panhandle ), y l'oeste de Texas y en Méxicu, nel estremu norte de Chihuahua. a una altitú de Crez a 970-2300 metros.
Birtoxumlu ardıc (lat. Juniperus monosperma) — sərvkimilər fəsiləsinin ardıc cinsinə aid bitki növü.
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Birtoxumlu ardıc (lat. Juniperus monosperma) — sərvkimilər fəsiləsinin ardıc cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Der Einsamige Wacholder (Juniperus monosperma) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Zypressengewächse (Cupressaceae). Er ist im Süden der USA sowie im Norden Mexikos heimisch.
Der Einsamige Wacholder wächst als immergrüner Strauch oder Baum der Wuchshöhen von 7 bis 12 Metern und Brusthöhendurchmesser von über 1,3 Metern erreichen kann. Die gerade oder aufsteigend vom Stamm abgehenden Äste bilden eine runde bis abgeflacht-kugelig geformte Krone. Meist verzweigt der Stamm bereits kurz über den Boden. Die geraden Zweige werden 0,5 bis 1 Zentimeter dick und haben einen vier- bis sechseckigen Querschnitt. Die graue bis braune Borke blättert in dünnen Streifen ab. Die Rinde der Zweige ist glatt, die der dickeren Äste blättert in Flocken oder Streifen ab.[1]
Die Art bildet zwei Formen von grünen bis dunkelgrünen Blättern aus, welche fein gezähnte Blattränder haben und an der Unterseite längliche Drüsen aufweisen. Weniger als ein Fünftel dieser Drüsen bilden eine weiße, kristalline Substanz. Die nadelförmigen Blätter werden 4 bis 6 Millimeter lang und sind an der Blattoberseite blaugrün gefärbt. Die schuppenartigen Blätter werden 1 bis 3 Millimeter lang und sind gekielt. Ihre Spitze ist spitz zulaufend. Sie überlappen sich nicht oder nur bis zu einem Viertel ihrer Länge.[1]
Der Einsamige Wacholder ist zweihäusig-getrenntgeschlechtig (diözisch) und die Zapfen reifen noch im gleichen Jahr. Die fleischigen und harzigen Beerenzapfen haben einen geraden Stiel und sind bei einem Durchmesser von 6 bis 8 Millimetern kugelig bis eiförmig geformt. Zur Reife hin sind sie rötlich blau bis bräunlich blau gefärbt und blaugrün bereift. Jeder der Zapfen trägt ein bis drei Samenkörner. Die Samen werden 4 bis 5 Millimeter lang.[1]
Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet des Einsamigen Wacholders umfasst Nord-Mexiko und den südlichen Teil der USA. In Mexiko findet man ihn im Norden Sonoras sowie in Chihuahua. In den USA umfasst das Verbreitungsgebiet die Bundesstaaten Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma und Texas.[1]
Der Einsamige Wacholder gedeiht in Höhenlagen von 1000 bis 2300 Metern. Er wächst vor allem in Hanglagen auf trockenen, felsigen Böden.[1]
Der Einsamige Wacholder findet als Zierpflanze Verwendung.[2]
Die Erstbeschreibung als Juniperus occidentalis var. monosperma erfolgte 1878 durch George Engelmann in "Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis", Band 3, Seite 590. Im Jahr 1896 wurde die Varietät von Charles Sprague Sargent in The Silva of North America Band 10, Seite 89 als Juniperus monosperma in den Artstatus erhoben. Weitere Synonyme für Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. sind Juniperus californica var. monosperma (Engelm.) Lemmon, Juniperus mexicana var. monosperma (Engelm.) Cory und Sabina monosperma (Engelm.) Rydb.[3]
Der Einsamige Wacholder wird in der Roten Liste der IUCN als "nicht gefährdet" eingestuft. Es wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen, dass eine erneute Überprüfung der Gefährdung notwendig ist.[4]
Der Einsamige Wacholder (Juniperus monosperma) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Zypressengewächse (Cupressaceae). Er ist im Süden der USA sowie im Norden Mexikos heimisch.
Juniperus monosperma (лат. Juniperus monosperma ) – Cupressaceae семьяысь Мексика ын но Америкалэн Огазеяськем Штатъёсаз будӥсь сусыпу. Ӝуждалаез ог 2–7 м.
Juniperus monosperma is a species of juniper native to western North America, in the United States in Arizona, New Mexico, southern Colorado, western Oklahoma (Panhandle), and western Texas, and in Mexico in the extreme north of Chihuahua. It grows at 970–2300 m altitude.[2][3]
It is an evergreen coniferous shrub or small tree growing to 2–7 metres (6+1⁄2–23 feet) (rarely to 12 m) tall, usually multistemmed, and with a dense, rounded crown. The bark is gray-brown, exfoliating in thin longitudinal strips, exposing bright orange brown underneath. The ultimate shoots are 1.2–1.9 millimetres thick. The leaves are scale-like, 1–2 mm long and 0.6–1.5 mm broad on small shoots, up to 10 mm long on vigorous shoots; they are arranged in alternating whorls of three or opposite pairs. The juvenile leaves, produced on young seedlings only, are needle-like. The cones are berry-like, with soft resinous flesh, subglobose to ovoid, 5–7 mm long, dark blue with a pale blue-white waxy bloom, and contain a single seed (rarely two or three); they mature in about 6–8 months from pollination, and are eaten by birds and mammals.[4] The male cones are 2–4 mm long, and shed their pollen in late winter. It is usually dioecious, with male and female cones on separate plants, but occasional monoecious plants can be found.[2][3] Its roots have been found to extend to as far as 61m below the surface, making it the plant with the second deepest roots, after Boscia albitrunca.[5]
Frequently, cones can be found with the seed apex exposed; these were formerly sometimes considered a separate species as Juniperus gymnocarpa, but this is now known to be due to insect damage to the developing cones (and can affect many different species of juniper); the seeds from such cones are sterile.[3]
It is very rare or even extinct in Mexico, with only a single herbarium collection from 1880 verified;[2] more recent searches have failed to find the species there.[3] A closely related species Juniperus angosturana was however formerly considered a variety, as J. monosperma var. gracilis Martínez; it differs from J. monosperma in its slenderer shoots 1.0–1.3 mm diameter.[2][3]
Other vernacular names occasionally used include single-seed juniper and cherrystone juniper.
Hopi chipmunks, quail, foxes, rock squirrels and deer eat the berrylike cones. New Mexico's goats browse the foliage.[6]
Historically, the Navajo ate the ripened cones in the fall or winter and made a dye from the bark and cones. They used its wood for various purposes.[6] Among the Zuni people, a poultice of the chewed root was applied to increase the strength of newborns and infants. An infusion of the leaves was also taken for muscle aches and to prevent conception. An infusion of the leaves was also taken postpartum to prevent uterine cramps and stop vaginal bleeding.[7] A simple or compound infusion of twigs was used to promote muscular contractions at birth and used after birth to stop blood flow.[8] The wood was also used as a favorite and ceremonial firewood, and the shredded, fibrous bark was specifically used as tinder to ignite the fire sticks used for the New Year fire.[9]
Juniperus monosperma is a species of juniper native to western North America, in the United States in Arizona, New Mexico, southern Colorado, western Oklahoma (Panhandle), and western Texas, and in Mexico in the extreme north of Chihuahua. It grows at 970–2300 m altitude.
It is an evergreen coniferous shrub or small tree growing to 2–7 metres (6+1⁄2–23 feet) (rarely to 12 m) tall, usually multistemmed, and with a dense, rounded crown. The bark is gray-brown, exfoliating in thin longitudinal strips, exposing bright orange brown underneath. The ultimate shoots are 1.2–1.9 millimetres thick. The leaves are scale-like, 1–2 mm long and 0.6–1.5 mm broad on small shoots, up to 10 mm long on vigorous shoots; they are arranged in alternating whorls of three or opposite pairs. The juvenile leaves, produced on young seedlings only, are needle-like. The cones are berry-like, with soft resinous flesh, subglobose to ovoid, 5–7 mm long, dark blue with a pale blue-white waxy bloom, and contain a single seed (rarely two or three); they mature in about 6–8 months from pollination, and are eaten by birds and mammals. The male cones are 2–4 mm long, and shed their pollen in late winter. It is usually dioecious, with male and female cones on separate plants, but occasional monoecious plants can be found. Its roots have been found to extend to as far as 61m below the surface, making it the plant with the second deepest roots, after Boscia albitrunca.
Frequently, cones can be found with the seed apex exposed; these were formerly sometimes considered a separate species as Juniperus gymnocarpa, but this is now known to be due to insect damage to the developing cones (and can affect many different species of juniper); the seeds from such cones are sterile.
It is very rare or even extinct in Mexico, with only a single herbarium collection from 1880 verified; more recent searches have failed to find the species there. A closely related species Juniperus angosturana was however formerly considered a variety, as J. monosperma var. gracilis Martínez; it differs from J. monosperma in its slenderer shoots 1.0–1.3 mm diameter.
Other vernacular names occasionally used include single-seed juniper and cherrystone juniper.
Juniperus monosperma es una especie de enebro nativa del oeste de América del Norte, en los Estados Unidos en Arizona, Nuevo México, el sur de Colorado, en el oeste de Oklahoma (Panhandle), y el oeste de Texas y en México, en el extremo norte de Chihuahua. a una altitud de Crece a 970-2300 metros.[2][3]
Es un árbol de hoja perenne de coníferas, un arbusto o pequeño árbol que alcanza un tamaño de 2-7 m (raramente a 12 m) de altura, por lo general de tallos múltiples, y con una copa densa y redondeada. La corteza es de color gris-marrón, exfoliante en tiras longitudinales delgadas, exponiendo naranja brillante marrón debajo. Los brotes finales son de 1.2 a 1.9 mm de espesor. Las hojas son escamosas, de 1-2 mm de largo y 0,6 a 1,5 mm de ancho en pequeños brotes, hasta 10 mm de largo en los brotes vigorosos; que están dispuestos en verticilos de tres o pares opuestos alternos. Las hojas juveniles, producidas solamente en las plantas de semillero jóvenes, son en forma de aguja. Los conos son de baya, con carne de resina blanda, subglobosos a ovoides, de 5-7 mm de largo azul oscuro con un azul-blanco flor de cera pálida, y contienen una sola semilla (rara vez dos o tres); que son maduros en unos 6-8 meses de la polinización. Los conos masculinos son de 2-4 mm de largo, y derraman su polen a finales del invierno. Por lo general es dioica, con conos masculinos y femeninos en plantas separadas, pero de vez en cuando se puede encontrar plantas monoicas.[2][3] Sus raíces se ha comprobado que se extienden hasta los 61 m bajo la superficie, por lo que es la segunda planta con el raíces más profundas, después Boscia albitrunca.[4]
Con frecuencia, los conos se pueden encontrar con el vértice de la semilla expuesta; Éstos solían ser a veces considerados una especie separada Juniperus gymnocarpa, pero ahora se sabe que es debido a los daños de insectos a los conos en desarrollo (y que puede afectar a muchas especies diferentes de enebro); las semillas de tales conos son estériles.[3]
Es muy rara o incluso extinta en México, con una única colección de herbario de 1880 verificado;[2] búsquedas más recientes no han logrado encontrar la especie allí.[3] Una especie estrechamente relacionada es Juniperus angosturana que fue sin embargo antes considerada una variedad , como J. monosperma var. gracilis Martínez; se diferencia de J. monosperma en su esbelta pie de 1.0-1.3 mm de diámetro.[2][3]
A diferencia de muchos otros enebros, la madera no es duradera, por lo que no se utiliza en ninguna medida.[3]
Entre los Zuñi, se utilizaba una cataplasma de la raíz masticada aplicada para aumentar la fuerza de los recién nacidos y lactantes. Una infusión de las hojas también se toma para los dolores musculares y para evitar la concepción. Una infusión de las hojas también se toma después del parto para prevenir calambres uterinos y detener el sangrado vaginal.[5] Una infusión simple o compuesta de ramas en se utiliza para promover las contracciones musculares en el nacimiento y se utiliza después del nacimiento para detener el flujo sanguíneo.[6] La madera también se utiliza como un favorito de leña y ceremonial, y el rallado de la corteza fibrosa se utiliza específicamente como yesca para encender los palos de fuego utilizadas para el fuego de Año Nuevo.[7]
Juniperus monosperma fue descrita por (Engelm.) Sarg. y publicado en The Silva of North America-- 10: 89. 1896.[8]
Juniperus: nombre genérico que procede del latín iuniperus, que es el nombre del enebro.[9]
monosperma: epíteto latíno que significa "con una semilla".[10]
Juniperus monosperma es una especie de enebro nativa del oeste de América del Norte, en los Estados Unidos en Arizona, Nuevo México, el sur de Colorado, en el oeste de Oklahoma (Panhandle), y el oeste de Texas y en México, en el extremo norte de Chihuahua. a una altitud de Crece a 970-2300 metros.
Juniperus monosperma est une espèce de plante nord-américaine de la famille des Cupressaceae.
Juniperus monosperma se développe comme un arbuste ou un arbre à feuilles persistantes qui fait généralement une hauteur de 2 à 7 m, mais peut atteindre (12 mètres et un diamètre de poitrine de plus de 1,3 m. Les branches, droites ou ascendantes du tronc, forment une couronne sphérique ronde à aplatie. Le tronc se ramifie généralement brièvement sur le sol. Les branches droites ont une épaisseur de 0,5 à 1 cm et une section transversale de quatre à six côtés. L'écorce grise à brune se décolle en fines lanières. L'écorce des branches est lisse, celle des branches plus épaisses s'écaille en flocons ou en bandes[1].
Ses racines s'étendent jusqu'à 61 m sous la surface, ce qui en fait la plante avec les deuxièmes racines les plus profondes, après Boscia albitrunca[2].
L'espèce se présente sous deux formes allant du vert au vert foncé, qui ont des bords de feuilles finement dentelées et des glandes allongées sur la face inférieure. Moins d'un cinquième de ces glandes forment une substance cristalline blanche. Les feuilles en forme d'aiguille mesurent en général 4 à 6 mm de long ; elles font de 1 à 2 mm de long et de 0,6 à 1,5 mm de large sur les petites pousses, jusqu'à 10 mm de long sur les pousses vigoureuses. Elles ont une couleur bleu-vert sur le dessus des feuilles. Elles ne se chevauchent pas ou seulement sur un quart de leur longueur ; elles sont disposées en verticilles alternés ou opposés de trois paires[1].
Juniperus monosperma est dioïque avec des cônes mâles et femelles sur des plantes séparées, mais des plantes monoïques occasionnelles peuvent être trouvées[3]. Les cônes mûrissent la même année. Les cônes de baies charnues et résineuses ont une tige droite. Les cônes sont sphériques à ovoïdes. Les cônes mâles mesurent 2 à 4 mm de long, les femelles ont un diamètre de 6 à 8 mm. Lorsqu'ils sont mûres, elles sont de couleur bleu rougeâtre à bleu brunâtre et givrées de bleu-vert. Chacun des cônes porte une à trois graines. Les graines mesurent 4 à 5 mm de long[1]. Les cônes mâles perdent leur pollen à la fin de l'hiver. Ils mûrissent environ 6 à 8 mois après la pollinisation et sont mangés par les oiseaux et les mammifères[4]. Souvent, des cônes peuvent être trouvés avec l'apex des graines exposé ; ceux-ci étaient autrefois parfois considérés comme une espèce distincte Juniperus gymnocarp, mais on sait maintenant que cela est dû aux dommages causés par les insectes aux cônes en développement (et peut affecter de nombreuses espèces différentes de genévrier) ; les graines de ces cônes sont stériles[3].
L'aire de répartition naturelle du Juniperus monosperma comprend le sud des États-Unis et le nord du Mexique. Aux États-Unis, l'aire comprend les États de l'Arizona, du sud du Colorado, du Nouveau-Mexique, à l'ouest de l'Oklahoma (Panhandle) et à l'ouest du Texas[3]. On le trouve au Mexique dans le nord du Chihuahua[3].
Le genévrier se développe à des altitudes de 970 à 2 300 m. Il pousse principalement sur les pentes des sols secs et rocheux[1].
Les Tamias rufus, Peromyscus boylii, les cailles, les renards, les écureuils et les cerfs mangent les cônes en forme de baie. Les chèvres du Nouveau-Mexique prennent le feuillage[5].
Juniperus monosperma sert de plante hôte aux chenilles de Digrammia pallorata (en) et Periploca funebris (en),
Elle est une plante en association avec Cercocarpus breviflorus, Erigeron rhizomatus (en), Fendlera rupicola (en), Frasera coloradensis (en), Hedeoma todsenii (en), Mentzelia densa (en), Penstemon degeneri (en), Quercus mohriana, Quercus pungens.
Les Navajo mangent les cônes mûris à l'automne ou en hiver et fabriquent une teinture à partir de l'écorce et des cônes. Ils utilisent son bois à des fins diverses[5]. Chez les Zuñis, un cataplasme de racine mâchée est appliqué pour augmenter la force des nouveau-nés et des nourrissons. Une infusion des feuilles est également prise pour les douleurs musculaires et comme contraceptif. Une infusion des feuilles est également prise après l'accouchement pour prévenir les crampes utérines et arrêter les saignements vaginaux[6].
Le bois est également utilisé comme bois de chauffage et cérémoniel, et l'écorce fibreuse déchiquetée est spécifiquement utilisée comme amadou pour allumer les bâtons de feu utilisés pour le feu du Nouvel An[7]. Le bois est résistant à la pourriture et utilisé pour les poteaux de clôture[5].
Le genévrier est aussi une plante ornementale.
Juniperus monosperma est une espèce de plante nord-américaine de la famille des Cupressaceae.
Vitenskapelig(e)Juniperus monosperma eller «One-Seed Juniper» er en art av bartrær som tilhører einerslekten Juniperus i sypressfamilien. Den vokser på 1 000–2 300 meters høyde i det vestlige Nord-Amerika i statene Arizona, New Mexico, texas, vestligste Oklahoma og ned til Chihuahua i Mexico.
Arten er nært beslektet med Juniperus angosturana .
Arten er en busk eller lavt tre, har langsgående strimlete grå-brun bark, og er 2–7 meter høy, sjeldent inntil 12 meter. Grenene står litt oppover, arten er ofte flergrenet, og kronen rund og fyldig. Den har grønne, skjellaktige nåler inntil 1–5 mm lange. Unge nåler er inntil 10 mm lange. Den er oftest særbu med hann- og hunnblomster på ulike individer. Bærkonglene modner på 6–8 måneder til et blått, 3–7 mm stort bær med lysehvitt vokslag, og 1–2 frø. Mange fugler lever av frøene om vinteren. Hannkonglene er 2–4 mm store og sprer sitt pollen på senvinteren. Arten er svært sjelden i Mexico, og kanskje utryddet i vill tilstand der.
Det særegne med denne einerarten er at trevirket råtner lett, det inneholder ikke den samme naturlige impregnering som de aller fleste andre einerarter har.
Juniperus monosperma eller «One-Seed Juniper» er en art av bartrær som tilhører einerslekten Juniperus i sypressfamilien. Den vokser på 1 000–2 300 meters høyde i det vestlige Nord-Amerika i statene Arizona, New Mexico, texas, vestligste Oklahoma og ned til Chihuahua i Mexico.
Arten er nært beslektet med Juniperus angosturana .
Arten er en busk eller lavt tre, har langsgående strimlete grå-brun bark, og er 2–7 meter høy, sjeldent inntil 12 meter. Grenene står litt oppover, arten er ofte flergrenet, og kronen rund og fyldig. Den har grønne, skjellaktige nåler inntil 1–5 mm lange. Unge nåler er inntil 10 mm lange. Den er oftest særbu med hann- og hunnblomster på ulike individer. Bærkonglene modner på 6–8 måneder til et blått, 3–7 mm stort bær med lysehvitt vokslag, og 1–2 frø. Mange fugler lever av frøene om vinteren. Hannkonglene er 2–4 mm store og sprer sitt pollen på senvinteren. Arten er svært sjelden i Mexico, og kanskje utryddet i vill tilstand der.
Det særegne med denne einerarten er at trevirket råtner lett, det inneholder ikke den samme naturlige impregnering som de aller fleste andre einerarter har.
Juniperus monosperma é uma espécie de conífera da família Cupressaceae.
Apenas pode ser encontrada nos Estados Unidos.
Juniperus monosperma é uma espécie de conífera da família Cupressaceae.
Apenas pode ser encontrada nos Estados Unidos.
Цей вид був названий на честь захисника природи і головного лісничого при президенті Резвельті, Гіффорда Пінчота.
Країни зростання: США (Аризона, Колорадо, Нью-Мексико, Оклахома, Техас). Росте в сосново-ялівцевому рідколіссі, з Pinus edulis, Juniperus osteosperma, Juniperus scopulorum, і на пасовищах з Opuntia, Yucca на сухих, кам'янистих ґрунтах міжгірських областей, або на виходах порід, пагорбах і столових горах вапняку, пісковика або вивержених порід. Висотний діапазон становить від 970 м до 2200 м над рівнем моря. Клімат континентальний напівзасушливий, з літніми опадами, які в основному прибувають з безладними і місцевими бур з Мексиканської затоки.
Чагарники або дерева, дводомні, до 7 (12) м, зазвичай розгалужені біля основи; крона від округлої до уплощенно-кулястої. Кора від сірого до коричневого кольору, розшаровується на тонкі смужки. Гілки висхідні. Листки від зеленого до темно-зеленого кольору, краї з дрібними зубцями; батогоподібні листки 4-6 мм, тьмяні зверху; лускоподібні листки 1-3 мм, не перекриваються, вершини від гострих до загострених. Шишки зріють 1 рік, з прямими квітконосами, від кулястих до яйцеподібних, 6-8 мм, від червоно-синього до коричнево-синього кольору, тьмяні, м'ясисті й смолисті, з 1 (-3) насінням розміром 4-5 мм.
Деревина є корисною як дрова і для стовпів огорож. Волокниста кора була вплетена в килимки і тканини корінними американцями (Апачі, Команчі, Юти).
На південному заході США сосново-ялівцеві рідколісся знаходяться під тиском від інтересів тваринництва, шляхом зусиль для перетворення цього типу середовища на «більш продуктивні ділянки для збільшення кормів для тваринництва», за рахунок скорочення, корчування пнів і хімічного вбивства дерев. Тільки обмежена частина населення перебуває в межах охоронних територій.
Juniperus monosperma là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Cupressaceae. Loài này được Engelm. Sarg. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1896.[2] Đây là loài bản địa từ miền tây Bắc Mỹ, ở Hoa Kỳ trong Arizona, New Mexico, nam Colorado, miền tây Oklahoma (Panhandle), và miền tây Texas, và Mexico ở miền cực bắc của Chihuahua. Nó phát triển ở 970–2300 m độ cao.
Nó là một loài cây bụi thường xanh cây lá kim hay cây nhỏ cao tới 2–7 m (hiếm khi đến 12 m) cao, thường nhiều thân, và với một tán dày đặc, tròn.
Juniperus monosperma là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Cupressaceae. Loài này được Engelm. Sarg. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1896. Đây là loài bản địa từ miền tây Bắc Mỹ, ở Hoa Kỳ trong Arizona, New Mexico, nam Colorado, miền tây Oklahoma (Panhandle), và miền tây Texas, và Mexico ở miền cực bắc của Chihuahua. Nó phát triển ở 970–2300 m độ cao.
Nó là một loài cây bụi thường xanh cây lá kim hay cây nhỏ cao tới 2–7 m (hiếm khi đến 12 m) cao, thường nhiều thân, và với một tán dày đặc, tròn.
Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.
Охранный статус
Можжевельник односемянный (лат. Juniperus monosperma) — вид растений рода Можжевельник семейства Кипарисовые.
Встречается в западной части Северной Америки, в США в Аризоне, Нью-Мексико, на юге Колорадо, западной Оклахоме, и на западном Техасе, в Мексике на крайнем севере Чиуауа. В естественных условиях растёт на высотах 970—2300 м над уровнем моря.
Кустарники или деревья. Это в основном двудомные, изредка встречаются и однодомные. Вырастает высотой 2-7 м (редко до 12 м) . Шишкоягоды тёмно-голубые, 0,3-0,6 см в диаметре, как правило круглые. Хвоя светло-зелёная. В отличие от многих других видов можжевельниковых древесина дерева не долговечна. В посадках весьма декоративен.
Это заготовка статьи по ботанике. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её. Можжевельник односемянный (лат. Juniperus monosperma) — вид растений рода Можжевельник семейства Кипарисовые.
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