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Leptotrombidium ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Leptotrombidium ( /ˌlɛpttrɒmˈbɪdiəm/[1]) là một chi động vật trong họ ve mò (Trombiculidae), loài Leptotrombidium deliensevật trung gian truyền bệnh của vi khuẩn Orientia tsutsugamushi gây bệnh sốt mò với nhiều tên gọi khác như sốt triền sông Nhật Bản, Tsutsugamushi, giả thương hàn, sốt bụi rậm (scrub typhus).

Đặc điểm

Các loài trong chi này thường sống ở các bụi cây, bụi cỏ ẩm phía trên là các vòm cây cao, hoặc trong các hang đá có các loài gậm nhấm sống, người thường mắc bệnh sốt mò khi đi qua hoặc làm việc ở những nơi này như bộ đội hành quân chiến đấu, người đi săn, phát rẫy làm nương rẫy hoặc khi đi qua các vùng ven suối, ven song, vào các hang đá. Ấu trùng mò khi hút máu vật chủ có mang mầm bệnh sau đó ấu trùng mò phát triển thành mò trưởng thành và đẻ trứng. Từ vết loét vi khuẩn đột nhập vào hệ bạch huyết gây viêm hạch tại chỗ rồi tiến tới gây viêm hạch toàn thân, gây sưng, đau hạch.

Chú thích

  1. ^ “Leptotrombidium”. Dictionary.com Chưa rút gọn. Random House. Truy cập ngày 23 tháng 1 năm 2016.

Tham khảo


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Leptotrombidium: Brief Summary ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Leptotrombidium ( /ˌlɛpttrɒmˈbɪdiəm/) là một chi động vật trong họ ve mò (Trombiculidae), loài Leptotrombidium deliensevật trung gian truyền bệnh của vi khuẩn Orientia tsutsugamushi gây bệnh sốt mò với nhiều tên gọi khác như sốt triền sông Nhật Bản, Tsutsugamushi, giả thương hàn, sốt bụi rậm (scrub typhus).

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鉤恙蟎屬 ( الصينية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 中文维基百科

鉤恙蟎屬Leptotrombidium;(/ˌlɛpttrɒmˈbɪdiəm/[1])是蛛形綱蜱蟎亞綱蟎形總目恙蟎目恙蟎總科恙蟎科之下的一個屬,可透過叮咬人類而令人類感染恙蟲病恙蟲東方體感染,亦作叢林斑疹傷寒[2]。The larval form (called chiggers) feeds on rodents, but also occasionally humans and other large mammals. They are related to the harvest mites of the North America and Europe.

It was originally thought that rodents were the main reservoir for O. tsutsugamushi and that the mites were merely vectors of infection: that is, the mites only transferred the contagion from the rodents to humans.[3][4] However, it is now known that the mites only feed once in their lifetime, which means that transmission from rodent to human via the mites is impossible (for it to have been possible, the mite would have to feed at least twice, once on the infected rodent and again on the human who would then be infected).[5] Instead, the bacterium persists in the mites through transovarial transmission,[6][7][8] where infected mites transmit the infection to their unborn offspring. Leptotrombidium mites are therefore both vector and reservoir for O. tsutsugamushi.[5] The infection predominantly affects female mites,[9] and does not appear to otherwise harm the mites.

Life history

The larva is pale orange in colour and feeds on liquified skin tissue, not blood, as their mouth parts (chelicerae) are too short to reach the blood vessels.[10] They have 3 pairs of legs. The larvae most commonly target rodents, but will also attach to humans.[5] For humans, the bite is painless, but pain commonly develops only after the larva detaches from the skin, leaving a red papule that may then develop into an eschar.[11]

The larval stage lasts for 1 to 2 weeks. After feeding, the larvae drop to the ground and become nymphs. Nymph is brick-red in colour and has 4 pairs of legs. Nymphal stage lasts for 1 to 3 weeks. Nymphs mature into adults which have 4 pairs of legs, first pair being the largest. They are harmless to humans. In the post larval stage, they are not parasitic and feed on plant materials.[12] Female lays eggs singly, which hatch in about a week. Lifespan of adult is about 6 months.

物種

參考文獻

  1. ^ Leptotrombidium. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. [2016-01-23].
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) in Japan, 1996–2000. Byogen Biseibutsu Kenshutsu Joho Geppo. 2001, 22: 211–212.
  3. ^ Philip CB. Tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) in World War II. J Parasitol. 1948, 34 (3): 169–191. JSTOR 3273264. doi:10.2307/3273264.
  4. ^ Fox JP. The long persistence of Rickettsia orientalis in the blood and tissues of infected animals. J Immunol. 1948, 59 (2): 109–114.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Pham XD, Suzuki H, Takaoka H. Distribution of unengorged larvae of Leptotrombidium pallidum and other species in and around the rodent nest holes. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2001, 32 (3): 553–57. PMID 11944716.
  6. ^ Walker JS, Chan CT, Manikumaran C, Elisberg BL. Attempts to infect and demonstrate transovarial transmission of R. tsutsugamushi in three species of Leptotrombidium mites. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1975, 266: 80–90. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35090.x.
  7. ^ Takahashi M, Murata M, Nogami S, Hori E, Kawamura A, Tanaka H. Transovarial transmission of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in Leptotrombidium pallidum successively reared in the laboratory. Jpn J Exp Med. 1988, 58: 213–218.
  8. ^ Frances SP, Watcharapichat P, Phulsuksombati D. Vertical transmission of Orientia tsutsugamushi in two lines of naturally infected Leptotrombidium deliense (Acari: Trombiculidae). J Med Entomol. 2001, 38 (1): 17–21. PMID 11268685. doi:10.1603/0022-2585-38.1.17.
  9. ^ Roberts LW, Rapmund G, Gadigan FG. Sex ratios in Rickettsia tsutsugamushi-infected and noninfected colonies of Leptotrombidium (Acari: Trombiculidae). J Med Entomol. 1977, 14 (1): 89–92.
  10. ^ Roberts LW, Robinson DM, Rapmund G, 等. Distribution of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in organs of Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) fletcheri (Prostigmata: Trombiculidae). J Med Entomol. 1975, 12 (3): 345–348.
  11. ^ Kitaoka M, Asanuma K, Otsuji J. Transmission of Rickettsia orientalis to man by Leptotrombidium akamushi at a scrub typhus endemic area in Akita Prefecture, Japan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1974, 23 (5): 993–9. PMID 4451238.
  12. ^ Takahashi M, Misumi H, Urakami H, 等. Life cycle of Leptotrombidium pallidum (Acari: Trombiculidae), one of the vector mites of scrub typhus in Japan. Ohara Sogo Byoin Nenpo. 2003, 45: 19–30.
  13. ^ Wang S, Jiang P, Huang J, 等. Demonstration of the natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease in Nan Peng Lie Islands in China (PDF). The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 2001, 32 (3): 541–46. PMID 11944714.
  14. ^ Frances SP, Watcharapichat P, Phulsuksombati D, Tanskul P, Linthicum KJ. Seasonal occurrence of Leptotrombidium deliense (Acari: Trombiculidae) attached to sentinel rodents in an orchard near Bangkok, Thailand. J Med Entomol. 1999, 36 (6): 869–874. PMID 10593093.
  15. ^ Odorico DM, Graves SR, Currie B, 等. New Orientia tsutsugamushi strain from scrub typhus in Australia. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998, 4 (4): 641–4. PMC 2640248. PMID 9866742. doi:10.3201/eid0404.980416.
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Kawamori F, Akiyama M, Sugieda M, 等. Epidemiology of Tsutsugamushi disease in relation to the serotypes of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolated from patients, field mice, and unfed chiggers on the eastern slope of Mount Fuji, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. J Clin Microbiol. 1992, 30 (11): 2842–2846. PMC 270539. PMID 1452653.
蜱蟎亞綱(Acari;
蟎形總目英语Acariformes
Acariformes塵蟎科
Pyroglyphidae
恙蟎亞目
Trombidiformes
疥蟎目
Sarcoptiformes
Amblyomma americanum tick.jpg
寄蟎總目
ParasitiformesOpilioacariformes英语Opilioacariformes Holothyrida英语Holothyrida 真蜱目
Ixodida
中氣門目
MesostigmataSejidae英语Sejidae 三殖板总股
Trigynaspida 单殖板总股
Monogynaspida
 title=
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鉤恙蟎屬: Brief Summary ( الصينية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 中文维基百科

鉤恙蟎屬(Leptotrombidium;(/ˌlɛptoʊtrɒmˈbɪdiəm/)是蛛形綱蜱蟎亞綱蟎形總目恙蟎目恙蟎總科恙蟎科之下的一個屬,可透過叮咬人類而令人類感染恙蟲病恙蟲東方體感染,亦作叢林斑疹傷寒)。The larval form (called chiggers) feeds on rodents, but also occasionally humans and other large mammals. They are related to the harvest mites of the North America and Europe.

It was originally thought that rodents were the main reservoir for O. tsutsugamushi and that the mites were merely vectors of infection: that is, the mites only transferred the contagion from the rodents to humans. However, it is now known that the mites only feed once in their lifetime, which means that transmission from rodent to human via the mites is impossible (for it to have been possible, the mite would have to feed at least twice, once on the infected rodent and again on the human who would then be infected). Instead, the bacterium persists in the mites through transovarial transmission, where infected mites transmit the infection to their unborn offspring. Leptotrombidium mites are therefore both vector and reservoir for O. tsutsugamushi. The infection predominantly affects female mites, and does not appear to otherwise harm the mites.

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wikipedia 中文维基百科