Dunnarts are insectivorous. They have also been known to eat small vertebrates like lizards and mice. Their prey is caught on the ground. S. macroura may store fat in its tail during periods of abundant food and can then use those fat stores when food is scarce (Nowak 1983).
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical
Sminthopsis macroura, the narrow-footed marsupial "mouse", or the striped face dunnart, is found from central Western Australia to western Queensland and northern New South Wales (Nowak 1983)
Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )
Narrow-footed marsupial "mice" are found in dry areas (Nowak 1983).
Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 4.9 years.
Weight is sexually dimorphic in this species with females weighing on average 16 grams and males weighing on average 19 grams. Head and body length ranges from 70 to 120 mm, and tail length is approximately 55 to 130 mm. Coloration is buffy to grayish on the back and sides with white underparts. The feet are also usually white and the tail is either brownish or grayish. The genus Sminthopsis can be differentiated from other marsupial mice by skull and dentition features. Their feet are slender and they have a black stripe down the face - giving them their common name. The pads on the feet are striated and the hind part of the soles lack pads. Narrow-footed marsupial mice have a relatively well developed pouch for a dasyurid. One other striking physical feature is the tail; during times of abundant food, it will accumulate fat and become carrot shaped. (Nowak 1983, Lovegrove 1999)
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Average mass: 20.6 g.
Average basal metabolic rate: 0.128 W.
In a captive colony of S. macroura , the breeding season was found to last from June to February. These animals have an iteroparous life-history strategy. The following information was also obtained from captive colonies; it is not known from wild S. macroura. Females are polyestrous with one cycle lasting approximately 26.2 days. Ovulation occurs spontaneously. Time of gestation is 12.5 days and after birth the young are carried in the pouch for 40 days. Litter size can range from 1 to 8 young. Female striped face dunnarts have 8 mammae. If a female has only 1 or 2 young she may not rear them. After the young leave the pouch, they are suckled in the nest for another 30 days. Sexual maturity in females depended on when they were born. Those born early in the season matured at 86-159 days, while those born later in the same season matured at an earlier age. Individual male dunnarts are capable of breeding over long periods during the breeding season. Males do not appear to be sexually mature until the season after their birth. It has been found that the timing of mating and litter production corresponds to the period of maximum sperm production. Male S. macroura show a relatively low amount of sperm production when compared to other Dasyurid species. (Nowak 1983, Taggart 1997, Woolley 1990a, Woolley 1990b)
Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual
Average birth mass: 0.01 g.
Average gestation period: 12 days.
Average number of offspring: 4.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male: 159 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female: 119 days.
El ratolí marsupial de cara ratllada (Sminthopsis macroura) és un marsupial australià. Aquest ratolí marsupial té una llargada corporal mitjana de 155-198 mm, una distància del musell a l'anus de 75-98 mm, una cua de 80-100 mm i una llargada de les orelles de 17-18 mm. El seu pes és de 15-25 grams. Té una ratlla fosca que va des d'entre les dues orelles fins al musell i que li dóna el seu nom. La cua és un xic grossa a la base però és més esvelta cap a la punta.
El ratolí marsupial de cara ratllada (Sminthopsis macroura) és un marsupial australià. Aquest ratolí marsupial té una llargada corporal mitjana de 155-198 mm, una distància del musell a l'anus de 75-98 mm, una cua de 80-100 mm i una llargada de les orelles de 17-18 mm. El seu pes és de 15-25 grams. Té una ratlla fosca que va des d'entre les dues orelles fins al musell i que li dóna el seu nom. La cua és un xic grossa a la base però és més esvelta cap a la punta.
Die Streifengesicht-Schmalfuß-Beutelmaus (Sminthopsis macroura) ist eine Beutelsäugerart aus der Gattung der Schmalfuß-Beutelmäuse, die in Australien endemisch ist.
Die Kopfrumpflänge beträgt 75 – 98 mm, der Schwanz ist 80 bis 100 mm lang. Die Länge eines Ohrs beträgt zwischen 17 und 18 mm. Das Gewicht von S. macroura variiert zwischen 15 und 25 g. Ein dunkler Streifen verläuft zwischen den Ohren zur Nase. Der Schwanz dient als Fettpolster und ist am Ansatz recht dick, verschlankt jedoch mit zunehmendem Ende.
Der Lebensraum dieses Raubbeutlers erstreckt sich in Zentralaustralien von Pilbarra nach Zentral- und Mittelqueensland bis weit in das Northern Territory hinein. S. macroura bewohnt sandige Böden, grasbewachsene Hügelländer und Buschland.
Die Fortpflanzungszeit ist von Juli bis Februar, die Tragzeit beträgt elf Tage. Die 6 bis 8 Jungen leben die ersten 40 Tage ihres Lebens im Beutel der Mutter und werden mit 70 Tagen entwöhnt. Gewöhnlicherweise wirft ein Weibchen zweimal pro Saison.
Die Nahrung dieser Schmalfuß-Beutelmaus besteht aus Termiten.
Diese Art ist nicht bedroht. Die IUCN listet sie als „nicht gefährdet“ (least concern).
Die Streifengesicht-Schmalfuß-Beutelmaus (Sminthopsis macroura) ist eine Beutelsäugerart aus der Gattung der Schmalfuß-Beutelmäuse, die in Australien endemisch ist.
The striped-faced dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura) is a small, Australian, nocturnal, "marsupial mouse," part of the family Dasyuridae. The species' distribution occurs throughout much of inland central and northern Australia, occupying a range of arid and semi-arid habitats.
While the species has a broad distribution range, it has been declining across much of Australia, including the western region of New South Wales (NSW). This is due to several threatening processes, primarily habitat degradation.[2]
This has led to the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage listing the species as 'vulnerable'.[3] The species is not listed on the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species list the species as of 'least concern'.[1]
Recent genetic studies have discovered that this dunnart species is in fact three distinct species that over several million years diverged from each other. However, because they are difficult to distinguish, they tend to be treated as a single species.
The three subspecies are as follows:
The stripe-faced dunnart has an average length of 155–198 mm from the tip of the snout to the tip of the tail, a snout to anus distance of 75–98 mm, a tail measuring 80–100 mm and an ear length of 17–18 mm. Its weight varies between 15 and 25 grams. The species is pale grey-brown above with an obvious dark strip on the forehead from the top of muzzle to between ears, and the ears are slightly darker than other dunnart species. Underparts and feet are white. The tail is often swollen, wide at the base and narrowing to the tail, with hairs extending beyond the tail tip.[4][5]
The species can be distinguished from other similar species like the fat-tailed dunnart (S. crassicaudara) by the dark stripe on the forehead, which is only partly similar to the Julia Creek dunnart (S. douglasi). However, the Julia Creek dunnart is two to three times heavier than the striped-faced dunnart and is longer with a head and body length of 100 to 135mm.[5]
The maximum longevity of the species in captivity is 4.9 years.[6]
The stripe-faced dunnart's distribution covers a broad area of central and northern Australia, from the Pilbara to central Northern Territory, western and central Queensland, south to north-east South Australia to north and west New South Wales. The species also inhabits a range of habitats, mainly within arid regions, occurring in low shrublands containing saltbush (Atriplex spp.) and bluebush (Maireana spp.), in spinifex grasslands on sandy soils, among sparse Acacia shrublands, in tussock grasslands on clay, sandy or stony soils, on open salt lakes, and on low, shrubby, rocky ridges. The highest abundance of the species occurs mainly in tussock grasslands and shrublands where overgrazing by domestic and feral stock is sparse or absent, and often where there are drainage lines in natural vegetation which tend to improve the availability of food and shelter.[4] The species shelters under rocks and logs, in cracks in the soil and in tussock grass.[7]
A study has found that the species is capable of successfully surviving and reproducing in small remnants of native vegetation which are fenced to prevent large herbivores from grazing. However, adults of the dunnart were not detected in the grazing area surrounding the non-grazed habitat. Several factors can be attributed to this finding, that the greater diversity and cover of vegetation may increase arthropod biomass providing a more guaranteed supply of food for the dunnarts. The denser vegetation cover in the non-grazed sites provides more protection from predators and the absence of livestock reduces soil compaction, allowing for an entire network of soil cracks that provide favourable refuges and foraging sites for the species.[2]
The stripe-faced dunnart breeds from July through February and has a gestation period of eleven days, the shortest of any mammal.[8] The species is polyoestrous with a mean cycle length of 23–25 days.[9] Males are capable of breeding throughout the breeding season and for up to three seasons.[10]
The litter size can vary to a maximum of eight joeys which is equal to the number of teats. They have a pouch life of 40 days, with the pouch fully enclosing the newborn young who are attached to a nipple until they are well developed.[4][11] If the mother has only one or two young she might not rear them. After leaving the pouch, the young remain in the nest and suckle for another 30 days.[12] There are usually two litters per season, but in captivity the dunnart can possibly raise three.[8]
Females mature at about four months of age, earlier than males who mature at about nine months.[4] Environmental factors such as ambient temperature and abundance of available food are significant influences regulating reproduction.[9] Studies have found that male stripe-faced dunnarts have lower sperm production compared to other dasyurid species.[12]
The species mostly eats invertebrates, excluding ants, and may also occasionally consume other small mammals and lizards.[4] An analysis of faecal matter of the stripe-faced dunnart at two locations found that their diet consisted entirely of invertebrates from the classes of Arachnida, Chilopoda, Crustacea, and Insecta.[13] The species is known to eat more isopterans (termites) than the fat-tailed dunnart.[14] The species consumed up to 50% of their body mass equivalent in food per day compared to fat-tailed dunnarts which require up to 81%, yet both species tend to have similar body weight.[15]
The stripe-faced dunnart has developed many strategies and adaptations to survive in the extreme, arid environment of greatly varying temperatures and lack of water and nutrients. To survive the fluctuating temperatures, the species can maintain an even body temperature with a marked diurnal temperature cycle, torpor and avoiding direct exposure.[16] To avoid exposure during the summer, the species is active at night and rests during the day in burrows it digs, or nests made of grasses, leaves and other materials in hollow logs, under dense vegetation or tree cavities. It also shelters in soil cracks, under rocks, logs and in animal burrows.[17]
To survive throughout winter, the species enters torpor daily, usually during the night and awakening by midday, when it uses sun basking to rewarm itself. As the winter nights become colder, the daily torpor bouts become longer and deeper; females tend to remain in torpor longer than males. Torpor allows the species to decrease water loss and reduce energy expenditure by up to 90%, considerably reducing the amount of food to be foraged; this is especially useful for when food availability during the winter is low.[18][19] The stripe-faced dunnart may also readily enter daily torpor during the summer if food availability is low or ambient temperatures are unstable.[20][21]
Like the fat-tail dunnart, the stripe-faced dunnart is able to store excess fat in its tail during periods of abundant food, and uses these food stores when food is scarce, often during the winter.[12] The dunnart is capable of gaining all its moisture needs from the insects that it eats.[11]
The main threats to the species are overgrazing and trampling of shrublands and tussock grasslands by feral herbivores and domestic stock. Habitat clearing, fragmentation, landscape degradation, and fires which occur too frequently and extensively, are also threats to its habitat. Predation by feral cats and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) directly impacts the species' population.[22] Removal of fallen timber threatens the species, as it relies on this for shelter from the heat and predator, and forages for invertebrates that live in or under woody debris. The dunnarts are very sensitive to the organophosphorus pesticide fenitrothion which at sub-lethal intoxication can cause lethargy and temporary immobilisation, increasing the risk of predation. This pesticide is used by local landholders to control locusts.[7]
The NSW Office of Environment and Heritage implemented a program called 'Saving our Species' which aims to conserve as many threatened species as possible, including the stripe-faced dunnart. Some of the measures being taken include:
The striped-faced dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura) is a small, Australian, nocturnal, "marsupial mouse," part of the family Dasyuridae. The species' distribution occurs throughout much of inland central and northern Australia, occupying a range of arid and semi-arid habitats.
While the species has a broad distribution range, it has been declining across much of Australia, including the western region of New South Wales (NSW). This is due to several threatening processes, primarily habitat degradation.
This has led to the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage listing the species as 'vulnerable'. The species is not listed on the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species list the species as of 'least concern'.
Recent genetic studies have discovered that this dunnart species is in fact three distinct species that over several million years diverged from each other. However, because they are difficult to distinguish, they tend to be treated as a single species.
The three subspecies are as follows:
Sminthopsis macroura macroura in central, eastern, and western Australia S.m. stalkeri in central northern Australia S.m. froggatti in the Kimberley regionEl ratón marsupial de cara rayada (Sminthopsis macroura) es una especie de marsupial dasiuromorfo de la familia Dasyuridae endémica de Australia. Tiene el periodo de gestación más corto entre los marsupiales: 9 días y medio.
Tiene una longitud corporal media de 155 a 198 mm, una distancia del hocico al ano de 75 a 98, una cola de 80 a 100, y la longitud de las orejas es de 17 a 18. El peso es de 15 a 25 gramos. Tiene una raya oscura en la cabeza, entre las orejas, que puede llegar hasta el hocico, y que le da su nombre. La cola es un poco gruesa en la base, pero es más esbelta hacia la punta.
Se encuentra en toda Australia central: en la Pilbara (Australia Occidental, el centro del Territorio del Norte, en el oeste y el centro de Queensland, al sur y noroeste de Australia meridional, el norte y el oeste de Nueva Gales del Sur.
Vive en suelos arenosos de zonas semidesérticas.
El período de reproducción va de julio a febrero. La gestación dura 11 días, y suele tener en cada camada de 6 a 8 crías que pasarán 40 días en el marsupio. Son destetadas a los 70 días. Hay dos camadas al año.
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(ayuda)
El ratón marsupial de cara rayada (Sminthopsis macroura) es una especie de marsupial dasiuromorfo de la familia Dasyuridae endémica de Australia. Tiene el periodo de gestación más corto entre los marsupiales: 9 días y medio.
Sminthopsis macroura Sminthopsis generoko animalia da. Dasyuromorphia ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Sminthopsinae azpifamilia eta Dasyuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Sminthopsis macroura Sminthopsis generoko animalia da. Dasyuromorphia ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Sminthopsinae azpifamilia eta Dasyuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Le dunnart à tête rayée (Sminthopsis macroura) est un petit marsupial d'Australie
Sa longueur totale est de 15.5 à 20 cm, la longueur du corps est de 7.5 à 10 cm, celle de la queue de 8 à 10 cm. Son poids varie entre 15 et 25 grammes. Il ressemble à une petite souris avec une bande noire tracée entre les oreilles et le bout du museau. La queue est un peu rembourrée à la base, plus fine à l'extrémité.
On le trouve à travers tout le centre de l'Australie depuis le Pilbara en Australie occidentale, le centre du Territoire du Nord, l'ouest et le centre du Queensland, du sud au nord ouest de l'Australie-Méridionale, au nord et à l'ouest de la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud. Il habite dans les sols sablonneux des zones semi-désertiques.
Il se nourrit de termites.
La période de reproduction va de juillet à février. la période de gestation est de 11 jours et les 6 à 8 petits de chaque portée passent 40 jours dans la poche marsupiale. Ils sont sevrés à 70 jours. Il y a deux portées par an.
Le dunnart à tête rayée (Sminthopsis macroura) est un petit marsupial d'Australie
Sminthopsis macroura (Gould anno 1845), inventum sub forma Podabrus macroura, (Anglice: Stripe-faced Dunnart ) est species animalium Australiana marsupialium insectivorum.
Sminthopsis macroura (Gould anno 1845), inventum sub forma Podabrus macroura, (Anglice: Stripe-faced Dunnart ) est species animalium Australiana marsupialium insectivorum.
Sminthopsis macroura is een buidelmuis uit het geslacht Sminthopsis.
S. macroura is van boven grijsbruin, met een donkere streep over de bovenkant van de kop, en van onderen wit. De relatief lange staart is vaak opgezwollen. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 75 tot 98 mm, de staartlengte 80 tot 100 mm, de achtervoetlengte 17 tot 18 mm en het gewicht 15 tot 25 g.
Deze Sminthopsis is 's nachts actief, leeft op de grond en eet ongewervelden (vaak termieten). Deze soort zoekt in groepen beschutting in een nest van gras onder een omgevallen boom of een rots.
Van juli tot februari wordt er gepaard. Na een draagtijd van 11 dagen, mogelijk de kortste van alle zoogdieren, worden 6 tot 8 jongen geboren, die 40 dagen in de buidel blijven en na zo'n 70 dagen gespeend worden.
Deze soort komt voor in de droge binnenlanden van Australië. Deze soort komt voornamelijk voor in zandige gras- en struiklandschappen. Waarschijnlijk bestaan er meerdere soorten binnen de huidige definitie van S. macroura.
Sminthopsis macroura is een buidelmuis uit het geslacht Sminthopsis.
Sminthopsis macroura[2][3][4][5] är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Gould 1845. Sminthopsis macroura ingår i släktet Sminthopsis och familjen rovpungdjur.[6][7] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[6]
Pungdjuret förekommer i stora delar av centrala Australien. Arten vistas där i torra busk- eller gräsmarker samt på jordbruksmark. I fångenskap hade honor vanligen två kullar per år med upp till åtta ungar per kull.[1]
Sminthopsis macroura är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Gould 1845. Sminthopsis macroura ingår i släktet Sminthopsis och familjen rovpungdjur. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade.
Pungdjuret förekommer i stora delar av centrala Australien. Arten vistas där i torra busk- eller gräsmarker samt på jordbruksmark. I fångenskap hade honor vanligen två kullar per år med upp till åtta ungar per kull.
Sminthopsis macroura là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dasyuridae, bộ Dasyuromorphia. Loài này được Gould mô tả năm 1845.[2]
Sminthopsis macroura là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dasyuridae, bộ Dasyuromorphia. Loài này được Gould mô tả năm 1845.
Sminthopsis macroura (Gould, 1845)
СинонимыПолосатолицая сумчатая мышь[1] (лат. Sminthopsis macroura) — вид из рода узконогих сумчатых мышей семейства хищные сумчатые. Эндемик Австралии.
Обитает в засушливых и полузасушливых районах внутренней части Австралии. Естественная среда обитания — туссоковые и спинифексовые луга, местности, покрытые кустарником, скалистые районы[2].
Длина тела с головой колеблется от 70 до 100 мм, хвоста — от 80 до 110 мм. Вес взрослой особи — от 15 до 25 г[3]. Волосяной покров короткий, густой и мягкий. Спина буро-серого или тёмно-бурого цвета с вкраплениями светло-серого цвета. Брюхо окрашено в серовато-белый или белый цвет. По середине морды проходит тёмная продольная полоса. Морда вытянутая, заострённая. Уши большие, треугольные. Хвост длинный, слабо покрыт волосами. Как и у ряда других представителей рода у полосатолицей сумчатой мыши в хвосте присутствуют жировые отложения[4].
Ведут наземный, одиночный образ жизни. Активность приходится на ночь. Днём прячутся в расщелинах, трещинах в земле, а также под стволами упавших деревьев. Питаются преимущественно насекомыми, а также мелкими беспозвоночными. В случае дефицита пищи могут впадать в спячку[3][4].
Сумка развита хорошо. Количество сосков — 8[3][5]. Период размножения приходится на июль-февраль. В течение года самка может приносить по два выводка, в котором по 1-8 детёнышей[3]. Беременность короткая, длится около 12 дней. Детёныши отлучаются от груди примерно через 70 дней. Половая зрелость у самок наступает через 119 дней, у самцов — через 159 дней. Максимальная продолжительность жизни в неволе — 4,9 года[6].
Полосатолицая сумчатая мышь (лат. Sminthopsis macroura) — вид из рода узконогих сумчатых мышей семейства хищные сумчатые. Эндемик Австралии.
줄무늬얼굴두나트(Sminthopsis macroura)는 주머니고양이목 주머니고양이과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 작은 야행성 동물로 오스트레일리아 중부와 북부의 대부분 지역에 분포하며, 건조 및 반건조 서식지에서 발견된다.[3] 넓은 분포 지역을 갖지만 뉴사우스웨일스 주 서부 지역을 포함하여 오스트레일리아 전역에 걸쳐 개체군이 감소 추세에 있다. 이와 같은 감소 추세는 진행중인 여러 위협 요인 때문이지만, 주로 서식지 질 저하때문이다.[4] 뉴사우스웨일스 환경 및 유산 보호청은 이 종을 멸종취약종으로 분류하고 있다.[5] 1999년 환경보호 및 생물다양성 보존 조례(EPBC Act)는 목록에 등재하고 있지 않으며, 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)은 관심대상종으로 분류하고 있다.
최근 유전학 연구 결과에 의하면, 줄무늬얼굴두나트는 사실상 세 종이며 분기된 지 수백만 년 이상 지났다는 사실을 발견했다. 그러나 구별하기 어려우며, 하나의 단일종으로 취급하는 경향이 있다.
3종의 아종이 알려져 있다.
줄무늬얼굴두나트의 평균 몸길이는 주둥이 끝부터 꼬리 끝까지 155~198mm이며, 주둥이부터 항문까지 거리는 75~98mm, 꼬리 길이는 80~100mm이고 귀 길이는 17~18mm이다. 몸무게는 15~25g 사이로 다양하다. 상체는 연한 회색-갈색을 띠며, 주둥이 끝부터 귀 사이까지 얼굴 앞 쪽으로 뚜렸한 검은 줄무늬가 있고, 귀는 다른 두나트 종들보다 약간 더 검다. 하체와 발 쪽은 희다. 꼬리는 보통 통통하며, 기부 쪽은 넓고 꼬리 쪽으로 갈수록 좁아지고 꼬리 끝 쪽으로 털이 뻗어서 나 있다.[6][7]
이마의 검은줄무늬때문에 유사종 살찐꼬리두나트(S. crassicaudara)과 구별할 수 있으며, 부분적으로 줄리아크릭두나트(S. douglasi)를 닮았다. 줄리아크릭두나트가 줄무늬얼굴두나트보다 2~3배 무겁지만, 몸길이는 100~135mm로 약간 더 길다.[7]
최대 수명은 포획된 사육 상태에서 4.9년이다.[8]
줄무늬얼굴두너트는 필바라부터 노던 준주의 중부 지역과 퀸즐랜드 주의 서부와 중부 지역 그리고 남쪽으로 사우스오스트레일리아 주의 북부-동부 지역부터 뉴사우스웨일스 주의 서부 지역까지 오스트레일리아 중부와 북부 지역에 넓게 분포한다.
줄무늬얼굴두나트(Sminthopsis macroura)는 주머니고양이목 주머니고양이과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 작은 야행성 동물로 오스트레일리아 중부와 북부의 대부분 지역에 분포하며, 건조 및 반건조 서식지에서 발견된다. 넓은 분포 지역을 갖지만 뉴사우스웨일스 주 서부 지역을 포함하여 오스트레일리아 전역에 걸쳐 개체군이 감소 추세에 있다. 이와 같은 감소 추세는 진행중인 여러 위협 요인 때문이지만, 주로 서식지 질 저하때문이다. 뉴사우스웨일스 환경 및 유산 보호청은 이 종을 멸종취약종으로 분류하고 있다. 1999년 환경보호 및 생물다양성 보존 조례(EPBC Act)는 목록에 등재하고 있지 않으며, 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)은 관심대상종으로 분류하고 있다.