dcsimg

Trophic Strategy ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

The diet of lesser long-nosed bats consists of nectar and pollen from the night-blooming flowers of the Agavaceae, Bombaceae, Cactaceae, Convolvulaceae and Leguminosae. They also feed on the pulp of cactus fruit. They are not obligate cactus visitors. The diet is influenced by availability of possible food resources (Ceballos et al. 1997).

Lesser long-nosed bats forage at night, between 24:00 and 02:00, when flowers have accumulated substantial amounts of nectar. These bats begin by taking generally long commuting flights to a foraging area. Once they arrive at the foraging area (which usually consists of about one square kilometer), they survey many plants. Later, they may make return visits to several of those plants to feed (Horner et al. 1998).

Plant Foods: fruit; nectar

Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore , Nectarivore )

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Bhatia, J. 2008. "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae.html
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Jasmine Bhatia, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Behavior ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Bhatia, J. 2008. "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae.html
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Jasmine Bhatia, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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غير معنونة ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae was previously known as a subspecies: L. curasoae yerbabuenae. In older literature, this species has sometimes been referred to as L. sanborni.

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Bhatia, J. 2008. "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae.html
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Jasmine Bhatia, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Conservation Status ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae is considered an endangered species in North America. Destruction of its primary food resources and general habitat by the tequila industry and agriculture is threatening its population numbers. This species is also especially vulnerable to extinction because it is a specialist, feeding on the nectar, pollen and fruit of several plant families present in southern North America and Central America. It is also especially susceptible because of its migratory habits. Conservation efforts should include food resources, roosting sites and protection of habitats along the migratory route (Arita and Santos-Del-Prado, 1999).

Temperate North American bats are now threatened by a fungal disease called “white-nose syndrome.” This disease has devastated eastern North American bat populations at hibernation sites since 2007. The fungus, Geomyces destructans, grows best in cold, humid conditions that are typical of many bat hibernacula. The fungus grows on, and in some cases invades, the bodies of hibernating bats and seems to result in disturbance from hibernation, causing a debilitating loss of important metabolic resources and mass deaths. Mortality rates at some hibernation sites have been as high as 90%. While there are currently no reports of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae mortalities as a result of white-nose syndrome, the disease continues to expand its range in North America.

US Federal List: endangered

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable

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Bhatia, J. 2008. "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae.html
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Jasmine Bhatia, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Lesser long-nosed bats help to pollinate agave, from which tequila is made (Arita and Wilson, 1987).

Positive Impacts: pollinates crops

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Bhatia, J. 2008. "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae.html
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Jasmine Bhatia, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Associations ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

This species has a very close relationship with the cacti on which it feeds. Since lesser long-nosed bats are nectarivores with a relatively large foraging area, feeding results in both short and long distance pollen movements. By doing so, these bats help to create gene flow within and between populations of columnar cacti (Horner et al. 1998).

Through fecal analysis, it has been shown that this species also disperses the seeds of fruit on which it feeds (Rojas-Martinez et al. 1999).

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; pollinates

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Bhatia, J. 2008. "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae.html
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Jasmine Bhatia, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Distribution ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Arid and semi-arid regions of Mexico and southwestern United States, including the Sonoran Desert.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Bhatia, J. 2008. "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae.html
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Jasmine Bhatia, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Habitat ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae is found near cacti, usually living in caves in huge groups. The habitat ranges from desert scrub in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico to high elevations on wooded mountains further south in Mexico.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical

Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; scrub forest

Other Habitat Features: caves

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Bhatia, J. 2008. "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae.html
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Jasmine Bhatia, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Leptonycteris yerbabuenaee is a yellow-brown or cinnamon gray bat, with a total head and body measurement of approximately 3 inches (7.62 cm). The tongue measures approximately the same length as the body. This species also has a small noseleaf. The wingspan of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae is approximately 10 inches (25 cm) and the mass is roughly 23 g.

Average mass: 23 g.

Average length: 8 cm.

Average wingspan: 25 cm.

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Bhatia, J. 2008. "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae.html
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Jasmine Bhatia, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Reproduction ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Animal Diversity Web

Little is known about the mating system and behavior of lesser long-nosed bats. It is known, however, that females converge on maternity colonies to birth and care for their young (Ceballos et al. 1997).

Little is known about the reproductive behavior of lesser long-nosed bats. It is hypothesized that the gestation period is approximately five months. It is not known whether gestation involves delayed implantation or delayed development. There are different mating/birthing schedules for different populations. In southern Mexico, females give birth in December or January; in Baja California, babies are born in March (Ceballos et al. 1997).

There is only one pup per litter. This bat is not bimodally polyestrous (it does not give birth twice a year). Sperm production is maximal during the late wet season (Ceballos et al. 1997).

Breeding interval: Breeding occurs once yearly.

Breeding season: Breeding season varies regionally.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average gestation period: 5 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Females converge on maternity colonies, which consist of anywhere from several thousand to over one hundred thousand pregnant animals. The females do not come to the colony at the same time or during the same stage of pregnancy. The births are generally spread out over a one-month period. In the northern Sonoran Desert and in Arizona, females converge on the maternity colonies in mid- to late-April. This timing varies by population (Ceballos et al. 1997).

Each female cares for her single pup alone. In the maternity colonies, no attempts are made by mothers to nurse or feed others' babies. They do, however, exhibit other behaviors, such as visiting, touching and nosing others' pups several times per night (Ceballos et al. 1997).

The young begin to fly at approximately four weeks of age (Ceballos et al. 1997).

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)

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Bhatia, J. 2008. "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae.html
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Jasmine Bhatia, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Life Cycle ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من EOL authors
Lesser long-nosed bats migrate seasonally from Mexico to southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, residing in the United States between early-April and mid-September. Such long-distance migration is rare among bats, and is found in only three other nectarivorous and two insectivorous North American bat species. Not all individuals of this species migrate, with females more likely to undertake the journey than males. Mating occurs in Mexico in the winter, and females generally give birth to one pup after migrating to the United States. Timing of mating and birth may vary geographically, with birth coinciding with peak flower availability. Pregnant females with their recent adult progeny arrive in the United States first and form maternity colonies near columnar cacti. Adult males often occupy separate roosts forming bachelor colonies. Young are born with well-developed feet and are left at night to hang in the roost for the first several weeks while the females forage. Young begin to fly at four weeks and begin leaving the roost at six or seven weeks, when the female stops nursing. Between foraging at night both sexes will rest in temporary night roosts. Roosts can contain thousands to tens of thousands of bats. Maternity colonies begin to disband in July and August after the young are weaned.
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Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من EOL authors
The lesser long-nosed bat is gray or yellow-brown above and reddish-brown below, with a short tail and small ears. It has a triangular shaped nose leaf, a projection of skin above the nostrils, which juts from the end of its nose. This species of bat is medium-sized and weighs less than 25 grams. It is 2.5 to 3 inches long and has a 14 inch wingspan. Juvenile lesser long-nosed bats have gray fur. These bats eat nectar, pollen, and fruit and feed exclusively on night-blooming cacti, with columnar cactus flowers and fruits and agave flowers representing its core diet. This species is found in southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south to western Mexico and Baja California del Sur. In 1988 these bats were listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act.
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Pollinator ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من EOL authors
The lesser long-nosed (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) and Mexican long-tongued (Choeronycteris mexicana) bats are specifically adapted for feeding on and pollinating columnar cacti species throughout their ranges. Adaptations include an elongated muzzle, narrow snout, reduced dentition, and a brush-tipped tongue, all of which better enable the bats to reach inside the flowers to collect nectar. Also, the bats have specialized hairs on the face and neck that are flattened to carry pollen. These hairs become covered in large amounts of pollen as the bats reach deep inside the flowers. After returning to their roosts, the bats lick off and eat this pollen. However, during foraging the pollen is transferred from flower to flower. Columnar cacti have also evolved adaptations to attract the bats. Adaptations include flowers that are light in color making them easy for the bats to see; flowers that are erect, bowl-shaped, large-mouthed, and located at the top of the branches making it easier for the bats to feed on them; flowers that have a strong odor that the bats can smell; flowers that open nocturnally (known as dehiscense) when the bats are out foraging; and flowers that have high levels of pollen protein with relatively low levels of nectar sugar concentrations. These bats feed and pollinate many different cacti species including saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea), organ-pipe cactus (Stenocereus thurberi), agaves (Agave spp.), and cardon (Pachycereus pringlei). It has been demonstrated that the lesser long-nosed bat and Palmer's agave have a mutualistic relationship. Studies have also shown that viejo (Cephalocereus hoppenstedtii) and the branched columnar cactus tetecho (Neobauxbaumia tetetzo) only produce fruit when pollinated by one or both of these bat species.
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Ratpenat nassut petit ( الكتالونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CA

El ratpenat nassut petit (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels fil·lostòmids.

Taxonomia

Tot i que actualment és considerat una espècie, inicialment el ratpenat nassut petit fou considerat una subespècie del ratpenat nassut de Curaçao. Els amants dels ratpenats sovint es refereixen a aquesta espècie simplement amb el nom de Leptos, donat que són els més coneguts del seu gènere.

Descripció

Els adults tenen el pelatge de color marró groguenc o gris a l'esquena, amb el ventre de color marró òxid. Té la cua curta i les orelles petites. Com tots els membres de la seva família, té una protuberància triangular que sobresurt de les fosses nasals.

Distribució i hàbitat

Viuen en coves o mines abandonades al Salvador, Guatemala, Hondures, Mèxic i als Estats Units. Dins dels Estats Units, viu a Califòrnia, Arizona i Nou Mèxic.[1]

Comportament

A l'estiu migren cap als Estats Units, on donen a llum una única cria durant el maig. Passen l'hivern a Mèxic, on té lloc l'aparellament.[1] Alguns no migren al nord i donen a llum a l'hivern, presumiblement després d'haver-se aparellat a l'estiu i d'un període de gestació d'uns 6 mesos.[2]

Són importants pol·linitzadors de les plantes de les quals s'alimenten.

Dieta

S'alimenta principal del nèctar de plantes com el saguaro, l'atzavara i altres espècies del gènere Agave.[2]

Referències

  1. 1,0 1,1 Ceballos, G., T. Fleming, C. Chavez, J. Nassar «Population dynamics of *Leptonycteris curasoae*(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Jalisco, Mexico». Journal of Mammalogy, vol.78, 1997, pp.1220-1230. (anglès)
  2. 2,0 2,1 Fleming, T., A. Nelson, V. Dalton «Roosting behavior of the lesser long-nosed bat, *Leptonycteris curasoae*». Journal of Mammalogy, vol.79, 1998, pp.147-155. (anglès)

Enllaços externs

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Ratpenat nassut petit Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata



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Ratpenat nassut petit: Brief Summary ( الكتالونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CA

El ratpenat nassut petit (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels fil·lostòmids.

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Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE

Die Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) ist eine Fledermaus aus der Familie der Blattnasen (Phyllostomidae), die in Zentralamerika beheimatet ist.

Der Gattungsname Leptonycteris leitet sich vom Griechischen „leptos“ (=schlank, feingliedrig) und „nycteris“ (=Fledermaus) ab. Der Artname yerbabuenae bezieht sich auf das kleine Dorf Yerbabuena im Staat Guerrero, Mexiko, wo der Holotyp gefangen wurde.

Beschreibung

Die Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus wurde erst für eine Unterart von Leptonycteris nivalis und später von Leptonycteris curasoae gehalten, bevor sie 2005 als eigene Art bestätigt wurde. Wo die beiden ersten Arten sympatrisch vorkommen kann man sie aufgrund des Gewichts (L.yerbabuenae: 15–25 g, L. nivalis: 18–30 g) und der Unterarmlänge (L.yerbabuenae: 51–54 mm, L. nivalis: 56,5–59,5 mm) unterscheiden. Leptonycteris yerbabuenae besitzt zudem ein kürzeres und dichteres Fell als L.nivalis und ist eher bräunlich als grau. Wie die meisten Vertreter der Blattnasen besitzt auch die Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus ein deutlich sichtbares Nasenblatt. Die Schnauze ist wie bei allen Blütenfledermäusen verlängert.

Lebensweise

Die Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus ist wie die meisten Fledermäuse nachtaktiv und kommt in ariden Regionen vor. Obwohl Leptonycteris yerbabuenae regional mit L.nivalis überlappt findet man letztere meist in höheren und kühleren Gebieten, während Leptonycteris yerbabuenae warme Gebiete im Flachland bevorzugt. Sie kann bis zu einer Umgebungstemperatur von über 41 °C überleben und geht nicht in Torpor oder Winterschlaf.

Die Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus ernährt sich hauptsächlich von Pollen, Nektar und Früchten von Agaven und Kakteen. Die Wahl der Futterpflanzen beschränkt sich bei nördlichen Populationen exklusiv auf Pflanzen mit einem CAM-Stoffwechsel wie dem Kaktus Cereus giganteus und dem Orgelpfeifenkaktus. Im Süden ernährt sich Leptonycteris yerbabuenae auch von C3-Pflanzen.

Ihre Ernährungsweise macht die Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus zu einem wichtigen Samenverbreiter und Bestäuber vieler nachtblühender Pflanzen. Sie ist der Hauptbestäuber von Ceiba aesculifolia und wahrscheinlich vieler anderer Wollbaumgewächsen. Ein Futtersuchflug dauert im Schnitt fünf Stunden, wobei bis zu 100 km zurückgelegt werden. Leptonycteris yerbabuenae nimmt pro Nacht etwa 40 kJ an Energie zu sich. Während der Säugezeit benötigt ein Weibchen jedoch bis das Doppelte an Energie.

Die lange Zunge ist optimal an die Ernährungsweise angepasst. Sie besitzt an den Seiten der Spitze kleine, haarartige Papillen und in der Mitte eine Rille. Dank der breiten Flügel ist die Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus zudem ein geschickter, wendiger Flieger, der auch vor einer Blüte schweben kann um den Nektar aufzunehmen. Pollen wird wahrscheinlich nur aus Versehen gefressen, wenn die Tiere sich putzen. Ähnlich verhält es sich mit Insekten, die manchmal im Mageninhalt der Tiere zu finden sind und wahrscheinlich beim Trinken von Nektar mit aufgenommen werden. Früchte werden vor allem von den Weibchen während der Säugezeit gefressen. Die Nahrung von Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ist reich an Wasser aber arm an Proteinen und Salz, weswegen die Art nicht auf offene Wasserquellen angewiesen und somit optimal an ihren trockenen Lebensraum angepasst ist. Man geht davon aus, dass Leptonycteris yerbabuenae zu den migrierenden Fledermäusen gehört, die ihre Wanderbewegungen von der Abundanz an Futterpflanzen abhängig macht.

In der Zeit, in der die Art nachts nicht auf Futtersuche ist, findet man die Tiere ruhend in Höhlen, verlassenen Gebäuden, Minen, Felsspalten und hohlen Bäumen. Tagsüber hängt Leptonycteris yerbabuenae in Höhlen und verlassenen Minen. In nördlichen Regionen bilden Weibchen dabei große Gruppen von mehreren zehntausend Individuen, wobei Männchen in kleineren Gruppen leben und sich meist nur während der Paarungszeit zwischen Juni und September unter die Weibchen mischen. In südlicheren Gebieten findet die Paarung zwischen Juni und Juli statt. In der Zeit findet man gemischtgeschlechtliche Kolonien von bis zu 100'000 Tieren. Im August verlassen die Männchen die Kolonien, so dass man zwischen September und Dezember nur Weibchen in den Gruppen findet. Im Januar kehren die Männchen zu den Gruppen zurück. Zu anderen Fledermausarten, die man in durch Leptonycteris yerbabuenae bewohnten Höhlen findet gehören je nach Überlappung der Verbreitungsgebiete die Langnasenfledermaus (Choeronycteris mexicana), Corynorhinus townsendii, Macrotus californicus, Myotis velifer, Myotis thysanodes, die Mexikanische Bulldoggfledermaus (Tadarida brasiliensis), Mormoops megalophylla, Pteronotus davyi, Glossophaga morenoi, Glossophaga soricina, und Natalus stramineus.

Zu bekannten Fressfeinden gehören verschiedene Eulen und Schlangen. Zudem werden auch Haubenskunks und Katzenfrette in Höhlen beobachtet, in denen Leptonycteris yerbabuenae leben.

Fortpflanzung

Weibchen gebären jedes Jahr jeweils ein einziges Jungtier. Im Norden findet die Geburt im Frühling, im Süden im Winter statt. Man geht davon aus, dass der Zeitpunkt der Geburt mit dem Blühen verschiedener Futterpflanzen synchronisiert ist. In der Wurfzeit versammeln sich die Weibchen in Mutterkolonien von bis zu 100'000 Individuen in Höhlen, wobei die Tiere in verschiedenen Jahren oft an denselben Ort zurückkehren. Neugeborene wiegen im Schnitt 7,3 g bei einer Unterarmlänge von ca. 28 mm. Ab einer Unterarmlänge von 30 mm sind die Jungen mit kurzen grauen Haaren bedeckt, und ab einer Unterarmlänge von 46 mm, im Alter von etwa einem Monat, werden erste Flugversuche unternommen. Die Jungen werden bis zu einem Alter von 4–8 Wochen gesäugt.

Verbreitung

Die Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus kommt vom Süden Arizonas und New Mexicos über Mexiko bis Honduras vor. Die IUCN schätzt Leptonycteris nivalis als verwundbar ein, da die Populationsgröße in den letzten 10 Jahren über 30 % abgenommen hat. Grund dafür ist hauptsächlich die Zerstörung des Lebensraumes und der kommerziellen Nutzung von Höhlen[1].

Literatur

  • E. Cole, D.E. Wilson (2006) Leptonycteris yerbabuenae. In: Mammalian Species. No. 797, S. 1–7.

Quellen

  1. Leptonycteris yerbabuenae in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN.

Weblinks

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Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus: Brief Summary ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE

Die Kleine Mexikanische Blütenfledermaus (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) ist eine Fledermaus aus der Familie der Blattnasen (Phyllostomidae), die in Zentralamerika beheimatet ist.

Der Gattungsname Leptonycteris leitet sich vom Griechischen „leptos“ (=schlank, feingliedrig) und „nycteris“ (=Fledermaus) ab. Der Artname yerbabuenae bezieht sich auf das kleine Dorf Yerbabuena im Staat Guerrero, Mexiko, wo der Holotyp gefangen wurde.

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Lesser long-nosed bat ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

The lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) is a medium-sized bat found in Central and North America.[1] It is sometimes known as Sanborn's long-nosed bat or the Mexican long-nosed bat, though the latter name is better avoided since it is also used for the entire genus Leptonycteris and for one of the other species in it, the greater long-nosed bat (L. nivalis).

Originally described as a subspecies of the greater long-nosed bat,[2] it was later considered a subspecies of the southern long-nosed bat, before being confirmed as a distinct species.[1] Enthusiasts for the bats often refer to them simply as leptos because they are the best known members of the genus Leptonycteris. The scientific name is derived from the type locality, near Yerbabuena in Guerrero, Mexico.[2]

Description

Lesser long-nosed bats are relatively small bats, with a total length as adults of around 8 centimetres (3.1 in), and weighing between 15 and 25 grams (0.53 and 0.88 oz), depending on the time of year. Males and females are similar in size, and virtually indistinguishable. As their common name implies, they have a long, narrow snout, and this terminates in a small triangular nose-leaf. While they do have three internal caudal vertebrae, they have no visible tail.[2]

The tongue of lesser long-nosed bats has a number of adaptations for lapping nectar, including long ridges and rough, conical papillae,[3] which may also help protect against periodontal disease by scraping the teeth clean. Their wings have a high wing loading, allowing for energy efficient long-distance flight in open habitats, at the expense of manoeuvrability.[4]

Only three other species of North American bat have a nose-leaf, and two of these, the Mexican long-tongued bat, and the California leaf-nosed bat, have a distinct tail, and also, in the latter case, much larger ears than lesser long-nosed bats do. They are more easily confused with their close relatives, the greater long-nosed bats, but, in addition to being about 10% larger, the latter have shorter, greyish fur, and proportionately longer wings.[2]

Adult lesser long-nosed bats are yellow-brown or grey above, with rusty brown fur below. Their ears are small.

Distribution and habitat

Lesser long-nosed bats inhabit semi-arid grassland, scrub, or forest habitats below about 550 metres (1,800 ft). They are able to tolerate unusually high temperatures of up to 41 °C (106 °F), due in part to a low metabolic rate. They do not enter torpor or hibernate, but die at ambient temperatures of below about 10 °C (50 °F).[5]

In the north, they reach southern California, Arizona and New Mexico. However, they are only found as summer migrants in the United States and, more generally, north of the mid-Sonora, arriving in these regions between April and July, and migrating south again in September.[2] Some individuals have been estimated to migrate as far as 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) each year.[6] Their migratory patterns have been shown to follow a path determined by seasonal availability of food plants, with cacti, Agave, and plants of the C3 metabolic pathway being strong predictors of distribution.[7] They are found year-round in the western and southern parts of Mexico, and along the east coast, and in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras.[2]

There are no recognised subspecies.

Diet and behaviour

Lesser long-nosed bats feed mainly on nectar from night-blooming plants such as saguaro, organ pipe cactus,[8] as well as century plant and other agaves. They are important pollinators of night-blooming cactus.[9] They may also eat some cactus fruits, and, during the winter, on pollen from a range of other plants as the opportunity arises.[2]

Lesser long-nosed bats roost during the day in large colonies of up to several thousand individuals in caves or abandoned mines, dispersing at night to feed. The size and composition of such colonies varies throughout the year, as the bats migrate to summer feeding grounds. At some times of the year, many colonies become occupied only by nursing females and their young, with males occupying smaller temporary roosts.[2]

Reproduction

The breeding season lasts from November to December for bats that migrate northward during the summer, but from May to June in those that give birth in the south. Despite the presence of two distinct mating seasons, individual bats mate only once a year. Gestation lasts about six months, and results in the birth of a single pup, during the time of local peak flower availability.[2]

Newborn young weigh 4 to 7 grams (0.14 to 0.25 oz) and are fully weaned at four to eight weeks of age. They are able fly after a month, but do not begin to exit the maternity cave for a further two to three weeks. They are known to live for up to at least eight years in the wild.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c Medellín, R. (2016). "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136659A21988965. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136659A21988965.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cole, F.R.; Wilson, D.E. (2006). "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae". Mammalian Species. 797: Number 797: pp. 1–7. doi:10.1644/797.1.
  3. ^ Howell, D.J.; Hodgkin, N. (1976). "Feeding adaptations in the hairs and tongues of nectar-feeding bats". Journal of Morphology. 148 (3): 329–336. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051480305. PMID 1255733. S2CID 1396634.
  4. ^ Sahley, C.T.; et al. (1993). "Flight speeds and mechanical power outputs of the nectar-feeding bat, Leptonycteris curasoae (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)". Journal of Mammalogy. 74 (3): 594–600. doi:10.2307/1382278. JSTOR 1382278.
  5. ^ Carpenter, R.E. & Graham, J.B. (1967). "Physiological responses to temperature in the long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris sanborni". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 22 (3): 709–722. doi:10.1016/0010-406X(67)90764-5. PMID 6053639.
  6. ^ Wilkinson, G.S.; Fleming, T.H. (1996). "Migration routes and evolution of lesser long-nosed bats, Leptonycteris curasoae, inferred from mitochondrial DNA". Molecular Ecology. 5 (3): 329–339. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.1996.00081.x. S2CID 14617422.
  7. ^ Burke, Rachel A.; Frey, Jennifer K.; Ganguli, Amy; Stoner, Kathryn E. (September 2019). "Species distribution modelling supports "nectar corridor" hypothesis for migratory nectarivorous bats and conservation of dry tropical forest". Diversity and Distributions. 25 (9): 1399–1415. doi:10.1111/ddi.12950. JSTOR 26740117.
  8. ^ Fleming, T.H.; et al. (1993). "Seasonal changes in the diets of migrant and non-migrant nectarivorous bats as revealed by carbon stable isotope analysis". Oecologia. 94 (1): 72–75. Bibcode:1993Oecol..94...72F. doi:10.1007/BF00317304. PMID 28313861. S2CID 22082048.
  9. ^ Godinez-Alvarez, H.; Valiente-Banuet, A. (2000). "Fruit-feeding behavior of the bats Leptonycteris curasoae and Choeronycteris mexicana in flight cage experiments: consequences for dispersal of columnar cactus seeds". Biotropica. 32 (3): 552–556. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00502.x. S2CID 247706238.

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Lesser long-nosed bat: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

The lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) is a medium-sized bat found in Central and North America. It is sometimes known as Sanborn's long-nosed bat or the Mexican long-nosed bat, though the latter name is better avoided since it is also used for the entire genus Leptonycteris and for one of the other species in it, the greater long-nosed bat (L. nivalis).

Originally described as a subspecies of the greater long-nosed bat, it was later considered a subspecies of the southern long-nosed bat, before being confirmed as a distinct species. Enthusiasts for the bats often refer to them simply as leptos because they are the best known members of the genus Leptonycteris. The scientific name is derived from the type locality, near Yerbabuena in Guerrero, Mexico.

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

El murciélago magueyero menor (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae)[2]​ es una especie quiróptero que pertenece a la familia Phyllostomidae.[3]​ Es nativo del norte de América Central y el sur de Norteamérica.[1]​ Su cuerpo no excede los 9 cm, es un importante polinizador el cual ha adaptado su rostro elongado y estrecho que posibilita un mejor acceso a los nectarios de las flores.[4]

Distribución

Su área de distribución incluye Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, México y el sur de Estados Unidos.[1]​ Su rango altitudinal oscila entre zonas bajas y 2600 msnm.[1]​ Es una especie migratoria.

Referencias

  1. a b c d Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Miller, B., Reid, F., Cuarón, A.D. & de Grammont, P.C. (2008). «Leptonycteris yerbabuenae». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2015.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 13 de julio de 2015.
  2. «El murciélago magueyero menor ya no es una especie amenazada». dgcs.unam.mx. Consultado el 28 de septiembre de 2015.
  3. Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. (2005). «Leptonycteris yerbabuenae». Mammal Species of the World (en inglés) (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
  4. «Tequila, una historia de amor - National Geographic, pág 10». Tequila, una historia de amor.

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Brief Summary ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

El murciélago magueyero menor (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae)​ es una especie quiróptero que pertenece a la familia Phyllostomidae.​ Es nativo del norte de América Central y el sur de Norteamérica.​ Su cuerpo no excede los 9 cm, es un importante polinizador el cual ha adaptado su rostro elongado y estrecho que posibilita un mejor acceso a los nectarios de las flores.​

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Leptonycteris generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Glossophaginae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago

Erreferentziak

  1. Martínez and Villa-R (1940) 11 Anal. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auto. Mexico 313. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Brief Summary ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Leptonycteris generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Glossophaginae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae est une espèce de chauves-souris de la famille des Phyllostomidae.

Répartition

Il est présent aux États-Unis (Arizona et Nouveau-Mexique), au Mexique, au Guatemala et au Honduras[1].

Alimentation

Il se nourrit du pollen et du nectar de fleurs (notamment d'agave et de saguaro) ainsi que de quelques fruits et insectes[1].

Rôle écologique

 src=
Leptonycteris yerbabuenae couverte de pollen

Références

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae est une espèce de chauves-souris de la famille des Phyllostomidae.

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Martínez & Villa-R, 1940) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi diffuso in America Settentrionale e Centrale.[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Pipistrello di medie dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 67 e 86 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 53 e 57 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 12 e 15 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 14 e 17 mm e un peso fino a 27 g.[3]

Aspetto

La pelliccia è corta, densa e vellutata. Le parti dorsali sono bruno-grigiastre o bruno-rossastre con la base dei peli bianca, mentre le parti ventrali sono leggermente più chiare e brizzolate. Il muso è lungo, con la foglia nasale piccola, eretta e lanceolata. Il mento è attraversato da un profondo solco longitudinale. La lingua è molto lunga ed estensibile con la punta ricoperta di papille filiformi. Le orecchie sono corte, triangolari e ben separate tra loro. I piedi sono leggermente ricoperti di peli. È privo di coda, mentre l'uropatagio è ridotto ad una sottile membrana lungo la parte interna degli arti inferiori, cosparso di pochi peli e con il margine libero a forma di U e frangiato con peli corti. Il cariotipo è 2n=32 FNa=60.

Biologia

Comportamento

Si rifugia in colonie di diverse migliaia di individui nelle grotte e miniere. Forma vivai numerosi. diventa attiva un'ora dopo il tramonto. Effettua migrazioni dal nord verso sud a settembre e in senso opposto a maggio.

Alimentazione

Si nutre di nettare e polline di specie di agave e saguaro.

Riproduzione

Danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta da maggio a giugno nella parte più settentrionale dell'areale, in inverno in quella più a sud. vengono svezzati dopo 4-8 settimane.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa nell'Arizona sud-orientale, Nuovo Messico sud-occidentale, nel Messico, eccetto gli stati centro-settentrionali e la Penisola dello Yucatán, Guatemala meridionale, Honduras ed El Salvador occidentali.

Vive nelle foreste decidue ed arbusteti spinosi fino a 2.600 metri di altitudine.

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerato il declino della popolazione, stimato in più del 30% negli ultimi 10 anni a causa della distruzione e degrado del proprio habitat, classifica L.yerbabuenae come specie vulnerabile (VU).[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Miller, B., Reid, F., Cuarón, A.D. & de Grammont, P.C. 2008, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Reid, 2009.

Bibliografia

  • Fiona A. Reid, A field guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico, Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 9780195343236

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Brief Summary ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Martínez & Villa-R, 1940) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi diffuso in America Settentrionale e Centrale.

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Martínez & Villa-R in 1940.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico en de Verenigde Staten.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Brief Summary ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Martínez & Villa-R in 1940.

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV


Leptonycteris yerbabuenae[2][3] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Martinez och Martín Villa Carenzo 1940. Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ingår i släktet Leptonycteris och familjen bladnäsor.[7][8] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[7]

Arten blir ungefär 8 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en vingspann av cirka 25 cm och väger vanligen 23 g. Pälsen har huvudsakligen en gulbrun till grå eller kanelliknande färg. Vid näsan förekommer en smal hudflik (bladet). Leptonycteris yerbabuenae har liksom sina nära släktingar en lång tunga.[9]

Denna fladdermus förekommer i sydvästra USA (Arizona och New Mexico) samt i norra Centralamerika fram till Honduras. Arten lever i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 2600 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av lövfällande skogar och av torra buskskogar.[1]

Individerna vilar vanligen i grottor eller i gruvor och bildar där stora kolonier med flera tusen medlemmar (ibland upp till 100 000). Arten är nattaktiv och äter främst nektar och pollen samt några frukter och ibland insekter. Populationer som lever i norra delen av utbredningsområdet flyttar före vintern till sydligare regioner. Honor föder i maj eller juni en enda unge. Före ungarnas födelse bildar honor egna kolonier som är skilda från hanarna.[1]

Denna fladdermus letar på natten efter föda. Den vilar på dagen men den är ofta vaken under vilotider. Vanligen ligger platsen där den letar efter föda några kilometer från viloplatsen. Parningen sker beroende på utbredning vid olika tider. Honor är uppskattningsvis fem månader dräktig och föder en unge per kull. Cirka fyra veckor efter födelsen får ungen flygförmåga.[9]

Arten är viktig för flera växters pollination och den sprider även frön.[9]

Bildgalleri

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ [a b c] (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ [a b c d] Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
  4. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  5. ^ (2001) , website, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program-05/01
  6. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  7. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (24 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/leptonycteris+yerbabuenae/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  8. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  9. ^ [a b c] J. Bhatia (24 april 2008). ”Lesser long-nosed bat” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae/. Läst 17 mars 2016.

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Brief Summary ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV


Leptonycteris yerbabuenae är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Martinez och Martín Villa Carenzo 1940. Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ingår i släktet Leptonycteris och familjen bladnäsor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Arten blir ungefär 8 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en vingspann av cirka 25 cm och väger vanligen 23 g. Pälsen har huvudsakligen en gulbrun till grå eller kanelliknande färg. Vid näsan förekommer en smal hudflik (bladet). Leptonycteris yerbabuenae har liksom sina nära släktingar en lång tunga.

Denna fladdermus förekommer i sydvästra USA (Arizona och New Mexico) samt i norra Centralamerika fram till Honduras. Arten lever i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 2600 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av lövfällande skogar och av torra buskskogar.

Individerna vilar vanligen i grottor eller i gruvor och bildar där stora kolonier med flera tusen medlemmar (ibland upp till 100 000). Arten är nattaktiv och äter främst nektar och pollen samt några frukter och ibland insekter. Populationer som lever i norra delen av utbredningsområdet flyttar före vintern till sydligare regioner. Honor föder i maj eller juni en enda unge. Före ungarnas födelse bildar honor egna kolonier som är skilda från hanarna.

Denna fladdermus letar på natten efter föda. Den vilar på dagen men den är ofta vaken under vilotider. Vanligen ligger platsen där den letar efter föda några kilometer från viloplatsen. Parningen sker beroende på utbredning vid olika tider. Honor är uppskattningsvis fem månader dräktig och föder en unge per kull. Cirka fyra veckor efter födelsen får ungen flygförmåga.

Arten är viktig för flera växters pollination och den sprider även frön.

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ( الأوكرانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia UK

Середовище проживання

Країни поширення: Сальвадор, Гватемала, Гондурас, Мексика, Сполучені Штати Америки (цн. Каліфорнія, пд. Аризона і Нью-Мексико). Зустрічається від низовин до 2600 м (як правило, нижче 1800 м) у колючих чагарниках і листяних лісах.

Звички

Лаштує сідала в печерах і шахтах, часто колоніями по кілька тисяч особин. Виникає приблизно через годину після заходу, щоб харчуватися нектаром і пилком агави і кактусів.

Загрози та охорона

Первинні загрози включають в себе порушення сідал, втрата джерел їжі через перетворення землі для сільського господарства і експлуатація людиною агави (наприклад, для виробництва алкогольних напоїв), і пряме вбивство людьми. Вид агави Agave palmeri відіграє ключову роль у споживанні цього кажана.[1][2]

Примітки

  1. Riffell J.A, Alarcón R, Abrell L. 'Floral trait associations in hawkmoth-specialized and mixed pollination systems: Datura wrightii and Agave spp. in the Sonoran Desert'. // Communicative & Integrative Biology 2008;1(1):6-8. DOI: 10.4161/cib.1.1.6350(англ.)
  2. Lindsay, D. L., P. Bailey, R. F. Lance, M. J. Clifford, R. Delph, and N. S. Cobb. 2010. 'Effects of a nonnative, invasive lovegrass on Agave palmeri distribution, abundance, and insect pollinator communities'. ERDC/EL TN-10-1. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. (англ.)


Джерела


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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Martínez & Villa-R mô tả năm 1940.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Miller, B., Reid, F., Cuarón, A.D. & de Grammont, P.C. (2008) Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Trong: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Ấn bản 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 2 năm 2010.
  2. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Leptonycteris yerbabuenae”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Brief Summary ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Martínez & Villa-R mô tả năm 1940.

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae ( الروسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Лавразиотерии
Отряд: Рукокрылые
Подотряд: Летучие мыши
Семейство: Листоносые
Вид: Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
Международное научное название

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Martinez & Villa, 1940)

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ITIS 202347NCBI 700936EOL 308539

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (лат.) — вид летучих мышей из Центральной и Северной Америки.

Страны распространения: Сальвадор, Гватемала, Гондурас, Мексика, Соединённые Штаты Америки (центральная Калифорния, южная Аризона и Нью-Мексико). Встречается от низменностей до 2600 метров (как правило, ниже 1800 метров) над уровнем моря в колючих кустарниках и лиственных лесах.

Живут в пещерах и шахтах, часто колониями по несколько тысяч особей. Активны примерно через час после захода солнца, покидая убежища в поисках нектара, пыльцы и плодов агавы и кактусов.

Самка рожает раз в год одного детёныша весом 7,3 г. Лактация продолжается 4—8 недель.

Первичными угрозами являются нарушения мест обитания, потеря источников пищи из-за перевода земель под сельское хозяйство и возделывание человеком агавы (например, для производства алкогольных напитков), и прямое уничтожение людьми.

Литература

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Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Brief Summary ( الروسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia русскую Википедию

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (лат.) — вид летучих мышей из Центральной и Северной Америки.

Страны распространения: Сальвадор, Гватемала, Гондурас, Мексика, Соединённые Штаты Америки (центральная Калифорния, южная Аризона и Нью-Мексико). Встречается от низменностей до 2600 метров (как правило, ниже 1800 метров) над уровнем моря в колючих кустарниках и лиственных лесах.

Живут в пещерах и шахтах, часто колониями по несколько тысяч особей. Активны примерно через час после захода солнца, покидая убежища в поисках нектара, пыльцы и плодов агавы и кактусов.

Самка рожает раз в год одного детёныша весом 7,3 г. Лактация продолжается 4—8 недель.

Первичными угрозами являются нарушения мест обитания, потеря источников пищи из-за перевода земель под сельское хозяйство и возделывание человеком агавы (например, для производства алкогольных напитков), и прямое уничтожение людьми.

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작은긴코박쥐 ( الكورية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

작은긴코박쥐(Leptonycteris yerbabuenae)는 주걱박쥐과(신세계잎코박쥐류)에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 중앙아메리카북아메리카에서 발견되는 중간 크기의 박쥐이다.[1] 샌본긴코박쥐 또는 멕시코긴코박쥐로도 알려져 있으며, 멕시코긴코박쥐는 긴코박쥐속에 속하는 모든 종을 가리키는 이름으로도 쓰인다. 원래는 큰긴코박쥐의 아종으로 기술했지만,[2] 나중에 남부긴코박쥐의 아종으로 간주했고 현재는 별도의 기술되고 있다.[1] 학명은 멕시코 게레로주의 모식 산지인 예르바부에나(Yerbabuena)에서 유래했다.[2]

특징

작은긴코박쥐는 비교적 작은 박쥐로 성체의 전체 몸길이가 약 8cm에 불과하며, 몸무게는 15~25g으로 나이에 따라 다르다. 암수는 크기가 비슷하며, 겉모습은 사실상 구별하기 힘들다. 이름이 함축하고 있는 바와 같이 가늘고 긴 주둥이를 갖고 있으며 삼각형 모양의 작은 입코(비옆)으로 끝난다. 안쪽에 3개의 꼬리뼈를 갖고 있지만, 꼬리가 겉으로 드러나지는 않는다.[2]

작은긴코박쥐의 혀는 꽃꿀을 핥아 먹기 좋게 다수의 적응을 거쳐 긴 능선과 거칠고 원뿔 모양의 돌기를 갖게 되었으며,[3] 이빨을 깨끗이 닦아내 치주 질환을 예방하기도 하는 것으로 추정된다. 날개는 높은 익면 하중을 갖고 있으며, 기동성을 희생하여 열린 서식지에서 장거리를 비행하는 데 에너지를 효율적으로 사용할 수 있다.[4]

각주

  1. Leptonycteris yerbabuenae. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2009.2판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2010년 2월 7일에 확인함.
  2. Cole, F.R.; Wilson, D.E. (2006). “Leptonycteris yerbabuenae”. 《Mammalian Species》: Number 797: pp. 1–7. doi:10.1644/797.1.
  3. Howell, D.J.; Hodgkin, N. (1976). “Feeding adaptations in the hairs and tongues of nectar-feeding bats”. 《Journal of Morphology》 148 (3): 329–336. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051480305.
  4. Sahley, C.T.; 외. (1993). “Flight speeds and mechanical power outputs of the nectar-feeding bat, Leptonycteris curasoae (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)”. 《Journal of Mammalogy》 74 (3): 594–600. doi:10.2307/1382278. JSTOR 1382278.
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