التعريف: A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water.
التعريف: A life cycle stage of holometabolous insects in which the organism is a pupa and starts with the larval-pupal apolysis and ends with pupal-adult apolysis
