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Operophtera bruceata, the Bruce spanworm, hunter's moth, or native winter moth is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by George Duryea Hulst in 1886. It is found from coast to coast in southern Canada and the northern parts of the United States.[1]
The wingspan of the males is 25–30 mm. Females have underdeveloped wings and do not fly. Adults are on wing from October to December.
Bruce spanworm looks very similar and has a similar life cycle to the invasive congener winter moth (O. brumata). Bruce spanworm is known to hybridize with winter moth.[2] The two species look almost identical to one another; however, they can be distinguished morphologically by comparing uncus shape or by using DNA analyses.[3] Bruce spanworm uses the same pheromone as winter moth.[4]
The larvae hatch in the early spring after overwintering as eggs. The neonates primarily feed on the buds and nearly unfurled leaves of sugar maple, American beech and trembling aspen. They have also been recorded on willow and various other deciduous trees. After feeding for a few weeks, the late instar caterpillars drop down to the soil and build an earthen cocoon. The pupate until the late fall or early winter when they emerge as adults.
Disease from viruses and microsporidia have been noted to effect the larvae and pupae of Bruce spanworm. Virus infections by a nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) baculovirus was found to be low in Bruce spanworm populations collected in the northeast U.S. and was found to be related to but distinct from the NPV that was detected in winter moth in the same region.[5] However, collections for Bruce spanworm larvae from an outbreak population in Maine had high levels of infection by microsporidia.[6]
Egg
Egg
Larva
Feeding signs
Adult female
Adult female
Operophtera bruceata, the Bruce spanworm, hunter's moth, or native winter moth is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by George Duryea Hulst in 1886. It is found from coast to coast in southern Canada and the northern parts of the United States.
The wingspan of the males is 25–30 mm. Females have underdeveloped wings and do not fly. Adults are on wing from October to December.
Bruce spanworm looks very similar and has a similar life cycle to the invasive congener winter moth (O. brumata). Bruce spanworm is known to hybridize with winter moth. The two species look almost identical to one another; however, they can be distinguished morphologically by comparing uncus shape or by using DNA analyses. Bruce spanworm uses the same pheromone as winter moth.
The larvae hatch in the early spring after overwintering as eggs. The neonates primarily feed on the buds and nearly unfurled leaves of sugar maple, American beech and trembling aspen. They have also been recorded on willow and various other deciduous trees. After feeding for a few weeks, the late instar caterpillars drop down to the soil and build an earthen cocoon. The pupate until the late fall or early winter when they emerge as adults.
Disease from viruses and microsporidia have been noted to effect the larvae and pupae of Bruce spanworm. Virus infections by a nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) baculovirus was found to be low in Bruce spanworm populations collected in the northeast U.S. and was found to be related to but distinct from the NPV that was detected in winter moth in the same region. However, collections for Bruce spanworm larvae from an outbreak population in Maine had high levels of infection by microsporidia.
Operophtera bruceata est une espèce d'insectes lépidoptères (papillons) appartenant à la famille des Geometridae d'Amérique du Nord. Sa chenille considérée comme ravageuse est appelée Arpenteuse de Bruce.
La chenille se nourrit de l'érable à sucre, du hêtre à grandes feuilles, du peuplier faux-tremble, de saules.
Operophtera bruceata est une espèce d'insectes lépidoptères (papillons) appartenant à la famille des Geometridae d'Amérique du Nord. Sa chenille considérée comme ravageuse est appelée Arpenteuse de Bruce.
Operophtera bruceata is een vlinder uit de familie van de spanners (Geometridae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1886 door Hulst.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Operophtera bruceata là một loài bướm đêm trong họ Geometridae.[1]
Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ bướm đêm Larentiinae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
Operophtera bruceata là một loài bướm đêm trong họ Geometridae.
