Comprehensive Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من North American Flora
Rubus strigosus Michx. FL Bor. Am. 1: 297. 1803
Rubus pennsylv aniens Poir. in L,am. Kncyc. 6: 246. 1804.
Rubus idaeus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 346. 1814. Not R. idaeus L. 1753.
Rubus idaeus strigosus Maxim. Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 17: 161. 1872.
? Rubus borealis Spach; Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 4: 147. 1874.
Batidaea strigosa Greene, Leaflets 1: 238. 1906.
Batidaea heterodoxa Greene, leaflets 1: 239. 1906.
? Batidaea amplissima Greene, Leaflets 1: 239. 1906.
Batidaea elegantula Greene, Leaflets 1: 239. 1906.
Rubus idaeus aculeatissimus Rob. & Fern. Man. 486. 1908. Not R. idaeus aculeatissimus Regel
& Tiling. 1858. ? Rubus idaeus borealis Spach; Focke, Bibl. Bot. 17 72 : 209. 1911.
Stems biennial, usually brownish or reddish, sometimes glaucous, more or less bristly, but not villous or tomentose; leaves of the turions pinnately 3-5-foliolate; petioles and rachis often bristly, sparingly if at all glandular; petioles 4-7 cm. long; stipules linear-subulate; terminal leaflet broadly ovate, sometimes 3-lobed, double-serrate with ovate teeth, usually abruptly acuminate at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, dark-green and sparingly short-hairy above, soon glabrate, usually densely white-tomentose beneath, 5-10 cm. long; lateral veins 10-15 on each side; petiolule 3 cm. long or less; lateral leaflets obliquely ovate, rounded at the base, otherwise similar; leaves of the floral branches 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate, similar, but the leaflets smaller and usually narrower; inflorescence racemose or corymbiform, terminal or also in the upper axils, often drooping; peduncles and pedicels bristly and more or less glandular-hispid, but not tomentose; sepals glandular and hispid, only slightly tomentose without, white-tomentose within, lanceolate, long-acuminate, 6-7 mm. long, in fruit spreading; petals white, elliptic, erect, 5-6 mm. long; fruit hemispheric or nearly so, about 1 cm. broad, light-red, sweet or slightly acid; drupelets numerous, tomentose; putamen reticulate but not keeled on the back.
Type locality: Mountains of Pennsylvania.
Distribution: Newfoundland to Virginia, Nebraska, and North Dakota.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1913. ROSACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 22(5). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من North American Flora
Rubus carolinianus Rydberg, sp. no v
Rubus strigosus Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 516, in part. 1903. Not R. strigosus Michx. 1803.
Stems biennial, 2-3 m. high, erect, densely bristly and hispid, most of the bristles tipped with small glands; leaves of the turions 3-7-foliolate, mostly 5-foliolate; stipules setaceous; petioles, rachis, and midveins copiously glandular-hispid and bristly; terminal leaflet ovate or ovate-lanceolate, double-serrate, long-acuminate at the apex, 5-8 cm. long, rounded or acute at the base, glabrate above, densely white-tomentose beneath; lateral veins 8-10 on each side; lateral leaflets similar but narrower, sessile; leaves of the floral branches mostly 3-foliolate, more incised with lanceolate teeth; inflorescence corymbiform, terminal, with a few flowers in the upper leaf-axils; peduncle, pedicels, hypanthium, and calyx densely glandular-bristly; sepals ovate, more than 1 cm. long, caudate-acuminate, the slender tip from half to fully as long as the sepal proper; petals elliptic, erect, about 5 mm. long; fruit red, hemispheric; drupelets many, pubescent.
Type collected on Andrews Bald, Swain County, North Carolina, July 25, 1891, Beardslee & Kofoid (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
Distribution: Mountains of North Carolina.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1913. ROSACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 22(5). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من North American Flora
Rubus arizonicus (Greene) Rydberg
Batidaea arizonica Greene, Leaflets 1: 243. 1906.
Stems biennial, 3-10 dm. high, finely puberulent or the second year sometimes glabrate, more or less densely bristly, but rarely glandular, usually yellowish, rarely glaucous; leaves of the turions pinnately 5-7-foliolate; stipules setaceous; petioles, rachis, and midveins more or less bristly as well as densely puberulent; leaflets more or less distinctly double-serrate, with lanceolate sharp teeth, abruptly short-acuminate at the apex, acute or rounded at the base, green and glabrous or nearly so above, coarsely and densely white-tomentose beneath, the terminal one ovate or rhombic-ovate, 3-6 cm. long, with a petiolule 2 cm. long or less; lateral leaflets sessile and more lanceolate; leaves of the floral branches 3-5-foliolate; leaflets similar to those of the turions, but smaller and broader; flowers in small, mostly terminal corymbs; peduncles, pedicels, and hypanthium bristly and glandular-hispid as well as puberulent; sepals broadly ovate, abruptly caudate-acuminate, 6-7 mm. long, in fruit spreading; petals white, elliptic, shorter than the sepals; fruit red, 10-12 mm. broad, hemispheric; drupelets rather large and few, tomentulose.
Type locality: San Francisco Mountains, Arizona.
Distribution: Mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Chihuahua.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1913. ROSACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 22(5). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Rubus strigosus
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Rubus strigosus: foliage showing the large leaf of a first-year shoot, and the smaller leaves of a second-year shoot
Rubus strigosus, the American red raspberry or American raspberry, is a species of Rubus native to much of North America. It was often treated as a variety or subspecies of the closely related Eurasian Rubus idaeus (red raspberry or European red raspberry),[1][2] but is now more commonly treated as a distinct species.[3][4][5] Many of the commercial raspberry cultivars grown for their fruit derive from hybrids between R. strigosus and R. idaeus; see Raspberry for more details.
Classification
Botanists have long debated the taxonomic treatment of the Eurasian and American red raspberries, with some viewing all of these plants as members of a single, circumboreal species Rubus idaeus, and others recognizing two (or more) species within this group.[6][7][8][9][10][11][5][12][13] The two species share many similarities, and probably recently diverged from a common ancestor, leading to differences in taxonomic interpretation, particularly regarding the more intermediate eastern Asian plants. A common current treatment, followed here, is to classify the North American red raspberries as Rubus strigosus, and include only the Eurasian plants in Rubus idaeus. When the species are combined, as done in some recent publications, the Eurasian plants are Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus (or Rubus idaeus var. idaeus), and the American plants R. idaeus ssp. strigosus (or R. idaeus var. strigosus). Different interpretations are also sometimes made regarding placement of various eastern Asian populations of this group, by some considered to represent additional varieties or subspecies, if not different species altogether. The most distinctive physical difference among these plants is usual presence of gland-tipped hairs on first-year canes, petioles, pedicels, and calyces of R. strigosus, lacking in R. idaeus.
Distribution
Rubus strigosus, as treated here, is widely distributed in North America, particularly the more boreal regions. Some authors also treat various raspberries in eastern Asia, east from the Altai Mountain Range in Mongolia to Manchuria and Japan in this taxon (where it is suggested to have originated along with a great deal of the North American flora),[7] but others include all Asian raspberries in R. idaeus.[14] with the Eurasian plants being Rubus idaeus ssp. (or var.) idaeus.
Description
R. strigosus is a perennial plant which bears biennial stems ("canes") from the perennial root system. In its first year, a new stem grows vigorously to its full height of 0.5–2 m, unbranched, and bearing large pinnate leaves with three or five (rarely seven) leaflets; normally it does not produce any flowers. In its second year, the stem does not grow taller, but produces several side shoots, which bear smaller leaves with three leaflets.
The flowers are produced in late spring on short racemes on the tips of these side shoots, each flower with five white petals 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) long. The fruit is 1–1.2 cm (0.39–0.47 in) diameter, red, edible, sweet but tart-flavored, produced in summer or early autumn; in botanical terminology, it is not a berry at all, but an aggregate fruit of numerous drupelets around a central core.[2][15]
References
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^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Rubus idaeus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
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^ a b "Rubus idaeus". Plants of British Columbia.
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^ "Rubus strigosus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 14 January 2018.
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^ Roland, A. E.; Smith, E. C. (1983) [first published 1969]. The Flora of Nova Scotia. Halifax: Nova Scotia Museum.
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^ a b Grignon, T. (1992). The Dynamics of Rubus strigosus (Michx.) in Post-Clearcut Mixedwood and Softwood Forests of Nova Scotia (thesis).
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^ Bailey, L. H. (1945). "Species Batorum. The genus Rubus in North America X.". Gentes Herbarum. 5: 859–918.
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^ a b Fernald, M. L. (1900). "Rubus idaeus and its variety anomalus in America". Rhodora. 22: 195–200.
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^ Fernald, M. L. (1919). "Rubus idaeus and some of its variations in North America". Rhodora. 21: 89–98.
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^ Hodgdon, A. R.; Pike, R. B. (1964). "Flora of the Wolf Islands, New Brunswick. Part 2. Some phytogeographic considerations". Rhodora. 66: 140.
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^ Whitney, G. G. (1978). A demographic analysis of Rubus idaeus L. and Rubus pubescens Raf.: the reproductive traits and population dynamics of two temporally isolated members of the genus Rubus (Ph.D. thesis). Yale University.
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^ Fernald doubted this distinction, but Bailey and many other authors rely on it.
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^ Nickerson, N. L.; Hall, I. V. (1978). "Large-flowered Trillium, Trillium grandiflorum, in Nova Scotia". Can. Field-Nat. 92 (3): 291.
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^ Freedman, B. (1989). Environmental Ecology: The Impacts of Pollution and Other Stresses on Ecosystem Structure and Function. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 9780122665400.
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^ "Rubus idaeus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 14 January 2018.
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^ "Rubus strigosus". Plants for a Future.
Media related to Rubus strigosus at Wikimedia Commons
Rubus strigosus: Brief Summary
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Rubus strigosus: foliage showing the large leaf of a first-year shoot, and the smaller leaves of a second-year shoot
Rubus strigosus, the American red raspberry or American raspberry, is a species of Rubus native to much of North America. It was often treated as a variety or subspecies of the closely related Eurasian Rubus idaeus (red raspberry or European red raspberry), but is now more commonly treated as a distinct species. Many of the commercial raspberry cultivars grown for their fruit derive from hybrids between R. strigosus and R. idaeus; see Raspberry for more details.