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Thaumatoneura inopinata is a species of damselfly, sometimes called the cascade damselfly or giant waterfall damsel, and the only member of the genus Thaumatoneura. It is unusual in flying among the falling water and spray from waterfalls in moist tropical or subtropical forests in Costa Rica.
Thaumatoneura inopinata is a highly distinctive species, making up a monotypic genus (Thaumatoneura) and subfamily (Thaumatoneurinae). It has been sometimes placed in the flatwing damselfly family Megapodagrionidae, but as a result of molecular phylogenetic studies by Dijkstra et al. in 2013, the genus Thaumatoneura is now considered one of two extant genera in the family Thaumatoneuridae.[2][3]
The species was first described in 1897 by the English entomologist Robert McLachlan, but he did not know the origin of the specimen that he had bought as part of an insect collection.[4] It later transpired that the damselfly was from the New World when another specimen was brought back from Panama.
The American entomologist Philip Powell Calvert visited Costa Rica and researched the species. The adult insects were seen in the vicinity of waterfalls, and nymphs were found on vegetated wet rocks, but it was some time before it was certain that these were of the same species. The matter was settled when one nymph was observed transforming into an adult. As the haemolymph was being pumped into the wings to expand them, the wings were at first pale green with blackish veins, and with the greenish body, the insect looked like a trembling, green leaf, exactly resembling the foliage close by.[5]
The giant waterfall damsel is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers where it is usually found in close vicinity to waterfalls.[1]
Male giant waterfall damsels have two forms, one with entirely clear wings and the other with broad black bands across the wings. Females have clear wings with brown wing tips. In both sexes, the nodus (a notch in the leading edge of each wing) is closer to the base of the wings than is the case in most other damselfly species. When perched, the wings are held vertically above the abdomen, which allows water to drip off.[6]
The giant waterfall damsel can be seen flying among the falling water and spray produced by waterfalls. The eggs are laid among the mosses and tangled roots beside the cascade which are constantly kept wet by the water. The nymphs develop among this vegetation and do not normally enter the torrent. When their development is finished and they are ready to emerge, they climb onto a rock, their skin splits and the winged adults climb out.[6]
The International Union for Conservation of Nature used to classify this species as "threatened" but more recently it has been found at an increasing number of locations in Costa Rica and although nowhere common, it is now assessed as being sufficiently numerous to be classified as "least concern". The chief threats it faces is deforestation, which alters stream habitats, and global warming which may cause some streams and waterfalls to dry up.[1]
Thaumatoneura inopinata is a species of damselfly, sometimes called the cascade damselfly or giant waterfall damsel, and the only member of the genus Thaumatoneura. It is unusual in flying among the falling water and spray from waterfalls in moist tropical or subtropical forests in Costa Rica.
Thaumatoneura inopinata is een libellensoort uit de familie van de Megapodagrionidae (Vlakvleugeljuffers) , onderorde juffers (Zygoptera).[2]
De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als niet bedreigd, beoordelingsjaar 2007.[1]
De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1897 door McLachlan.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Thaumatoneura inopinata – gatunek ważki z rodzaju Thaumatoneura należącego do rodziny Thaumatoneuridae. Występuje na terenie Ameryki Środkowej.
Thaumatoneura inopinata – gatunek ważki z rodzaju Thaumatoneura należącego do rodziny Thaumatoneuridae. Występuje na terenie Ameryki Środkowej.
Thaumatoneura inopinata é uma espécie de libelinha da família Megapodagrionidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Costa Rica e Panamá.[1]
Os seus habitats naturais são: regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude e rios.[1]
Thaumatoneura inopinata é uma espécie de libelinha da família Megapodagrionidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Costa Rica e Panamá.
Os seus habitats naturais são: regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude e rios.
Thaumatoneura inopinata là loài chuồn chuồn trong họ Megapodagrionidae. Loài này được McLachlan mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1897.[1]
Bài viết về chuồn chuồn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
Thaumatoneura inopinata là loài chuồn chuồn trong họ Megapodagrionidae. Loài này được McLachlan mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1897.
Thaumatoneura inopinata McLachlan, 1897
Охранный статус
Thaumatoneura inopinata (лат.) — вид крупных стрекоз из монотипических рода Thaumatoneura и семейства Thaumatoneuridae, или в составе в составе Megapodagrionidae[1]. Включён в международную Красную книгу МСОП[2].
Центральная Америка: Коста-Рика и Панама[2].
Крупный вид стрекоз, с характерным полётом около водопадов и других ниспадающих потоков воды (отсюда англоязычное название giant waterfall damsel или cascade damselfly). Таксономическая позиция дискутируется. Вид Thaumatoneura inopinata либо включают в отдельное семейство Thaumatoneuridae (в составе надсемейства Calopterygoidea), либо в Megapodagrionidae[3][4][5].
Вид был впервые описан в 1897 году английским энтомологом Robert McLachlan, который тогда не знал места происхождения типовой серии[6]. Вид был позднее переписан американским энтомологом Philip Powell Calvert[7].
Thaumatoneura inopinata (лат.) — вид крупных стрекоз из монотипических рода Thaumatoneura и семейства Thaumatoneuridae, или в составе в составе Megapodagrionidae. Включён в международную Красную книгу МСОП.
