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Sorex hoyi, although rare locally, occupies a wide variety of habitat types throughout its range. These include coniferous and deciduous forests, swamps, grassy clearings, bogs and floodplains. An equally wide array of microhabitats is acceptable to these animals. Sorex hoyi has been found in diverse microhabitats such as sphagnum moss, moist soil, mammalian tunnel networks, insect tunnel networks, leaf litter, root systems, and stumps.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; mountains
Wetlands: bog
Other Habitat Features: riparian
The extent to which these animals affect humans is unknown. They potentially affect pest populations through predation. However, Baker (1983) suggests that there is no real impact of these animals on humans.
Little information is available regarding the negative impact pygmy shrews have on humans. They may prey on beneficial organisms, such as earthworms. However, Baker (1983) suggests that these small mammals have no real impact on humans.
It is unclear whether low capture rates for pygmy shrews indicates low population densities of these animals. The low capture rates may be caused by inadequate trapping techniques.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
The vocal communication of these animals has been described as a combination of sharp squeaks, low purrs, and high-pitched whistling. The role of these calls in the species is not known.
In addition to vocal communication, these animals are known to produce strong smells from scent glands when they are frightened or excited. This indicates that scents may be important in communication. This is likely to be especially true of individuals identifying potential mates.
Physical contact probably occurs between rivals, mates, and between mothers and their offspring. It is likely that some tactile communication occurs at these times.
Because of their tiny eyes, it is unlikely that visual cues play a large role in the communication of these animals.
Communication Channels: tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Because of the low capture rate of S. hoyi in the field, relatively little information is available regarding the natural history of this species. Most of the information available is fragmentary and anecdotal.
Because they are widespread, pygmy shrews probably have significant impact on their ecosystems. They are predators, and are likely to have some role regulating invertebrate populations. To the extent that these animals serve as food for others, they may also be important to these predators.
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Pygmy shrews usually eat insects and other invertebrates. The diet includes ants, flies, spiders, earthworms, beetles, grubs, and caterpillars. Captive pygmy shrews have been known to eat dead vertebrates, such as masked shrews, red-backed voles and white-footed mice.
Animal Foods: mammals; amphibians; carrion ; insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods; terrestrial worms
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
Pygmy shrews, Sorex hoyi, are distributed throughout the boreal region of North America. The northern extent of the species' geographic range spans from Alaska to the east coast of Canada south of the tundra. It ranges as far south as the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and the Appalachian Mountains of the northeastern United States.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
One male shrew is known to have lived 11 months after hsi capture. It is not known how old he was at the time of capture. Most shrews captured are young, so it is reasonable to assume that not many shrews grow to be very old. It is likely that the maximum lifespan of pygmy shrews in the wild is about two years.
Sorex hoyi (formerly known as Microsorex hoyi) is the smallest American mammal by weight, weighing in at only 2 to 4 g. These shrews are approximately 80 to 91 mm in total length. The tail accounts for approximately 1/3 of that length at 27 to 32 mm. The head is narrow, the nose pointed, and there are obvious whiskers. The eyes are inconspicous, being covered by short, soft fur. Dorsal coloration varies from gray-brown in the summer to gray in the winter. The underparts are a lighter gray. The dental formula is: 3/1, 1/1, 3/1, 3/3 = 32.
Range mass: 2 to 4 g.
Range length: 27 to 32 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
The musky secretions which ooze from flank glands when a shrew is upset seem to deter most predators. However, there are reports of pygmy shrews being taken by brook trout, garter snakes, hawks, and house cats.
Known Predators:
Little is known about the reproductive habits of these animals.
Information regarding the reproductive biology of S. hoyi is limited. Based on the condition of the reproductive glands in males throughout the year, the mating season of this shrew is from June through August. The gestation period is estimated to be about 18 days. Females produce one litter of 3 to 8 young per year. Time until weaning and independence are unknown. Juveniles reach sexual maturity in their second summer.
Pygmy shrews seem to mate from June to August. Pregnancy lasts about 18 days. Females give birth to one litter of 3 to 8 young per year. The length of dependence on the mother is unknown. Juveniles are able to breed in their second summer.
Breeding interval: These animals are likely to produce one litter per year.
Breeding season: Breeding occurs from June to August.
Range number of offspring: 3 to 8.
Average gestation period: 18 days.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous
Because so little is known about the reproduction of these animals, it is difficult to speculate on parental care. Because they are mammals, we know that S. hoyi females provide their young with milk. It is likely that they also provide shelter and protection for some period of time. The length of juvenile dependence is unknown, as is the role of males in parental care.
Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)
La musaranya pigmea americana (Sorex hoyi) és una espècie de mamífer de la família de les musaranyes que es troba a Alaska, al Canadà i al nord dels Estats Units.
Aquesta espècie és gairebé cega i va ésser descoberta l'any 1831 pel naturalista William Cane.
La musaranya pigmea americana (Sorex hoyi) és una espècie de mamífer de la família de les musaranyes que es troba a Alaska, al Canadà i al nord dels Estats Units.
Aquesta espècie és gairebé cega i va ésser descoberta l'any 1831 pel naturalista William Cane.
Die Amerikanische Zwergspitzmaus (Sorex hoyi) ist eine Spitzmausart, die in Kanada und den USA heimisch ist. Neben den Amerikanischen Zwergmäusen (Baiomys) gehört sie zu den kleinsten Säugetieren in Nordamerika.
Die Kopf-Rumpf-Länge beträgt 4,1 bis 6,7 cm. Der Schwanz ist 2,1 bis 3,9 cm lang. Das Gewicht kann zwischen 2,1 und 7,3 Gramm betragen. Sie besitzt ein dichtes Fell, das eine graubraune Färbung aufweist.
Sie ist in Nordamerika in der nördlichen Taigazone sowie den südlichen Auslegern der Rocky Mountains und den Appalachen verbreitet. Die Zwergspitzmäuse sind praktisch in allen Klimazonen zu finden und vertragen nasses, trockenes, kaltes und warmes Klima. Sie bewohnt Bergwälder, Sümpfe und Marschen. Der Bau kann sich in einer Erdhöhle, unter einem Baumstamm oder in den Wurzeln von toten Baumstümpfen befinden.
Sie steht häufig auf den Hinterbeinen und kann schnell rennen. Der ausgestreckte, leicht gekrümmte Schwanz wird dabei als Balance benutzt. Sie kann behände klettern und springt bis zu 10 cm hoch. Ihr Ruf ist ein Wechsel aus scharfen Quieklauten sowie leisem Schnurren und hohen Pfeif- und Flüsterlauten. Sie ernährt sich von Insekten, Würmern und anderen Wirbellosen. Offenbar verschmäht sie auch Aas nicht. Ihre Feinde sind Greifvögel, Eulen und Schlangen.
Diese Tiere sind tag- und nachtaktiv. Die Paarungszeit ist im Frühsommer. Die Tragzeit beträgt 18 Tage. Man geht von einem Wurf pro Jahr aus, der zwischen drei und acht Jungtiere umfassen kann.
Die Amerikanische Zwergspitzmaus (Sorex hoyi) ist eine Spitzmausart, die in Kanada und den USA heimisch ist. Neben den Amerikanischen Zwergmäusen (Baiomys) gehört sie zu den kleinsten Säugetieren in Nordamerika.
The American pygmy shrew (Sorex hoyi) is a small shrew found in Northern Alaska,[4] Canada, and the northern United States, south through the Appalachian Mountains. It was first discovered in 1831 by naturalist William Cane in Georgian Bay, Parry Sound.
This animal is found in northern coniferous and deciduous forests of North America. It is believed to be the second-smallest mammal in the world, but has an extremely large appetite for its size. Due to its fast metabolism, it needs to eat constantly. It digs through moist soils and decaying leaf litter for food.
The American pygmy shrew is the smallest mammal native to North America and is one of the smallest mammals in the world, being just slightly larger than the Etruscan shrew of Eurasia. Its body is about 5 cm (2 in) long including a 2-cm-long tail, and it weighs about 2.0 to 4.5 g (0.07 to 0.16 oz).[5] Its fur is generally a reddish or grayish brown during the summer, and a white-gray color during the winter. The underside is generally a lighter gray. This animal molts about twice a year, once during late summer, and again during the spring.[6] It has a narrow head with a pointed nose, and whiskers. The eyes are small and well hidden.[7] The primary senses used for hunting are hearing and smell.
Sorex hoyi was originally placed in the genus Microsorex, which was a subgenus under Sorex until more research had been done. The American pygmy shrew is in the order Soricomorpha and the family Soricidae. Its two closest relatives are the smokey shrew (S. fumes) and the large-toothed shrew (S. macrodon). This genus is believed to have appeared in the late Miocene.
Pygmy shrews are distributed throughout the boreal areas of North America. This ranges from Northern Alaska,[4] to the Rocky Mountains, through the Great Lakes region, to the Appalachians, to the eastern side of Canada.[7] Although S. hoyi prefers moist habitats, it has been recorded to live in areas with both wet and dry soil, but if it is living in a more arid environment, it needs to have a source of water nearby.[6]
Primarily insectivorous, this animal forages in moist soil and dead leaves to find its prey. Because of the pygmy shrew's small size, its diet primarily consists of insects and insect larvae, while the larger shrews eat insects and worms.[8] Its diet is almost exclusively protein-based.[9] To stay alive, the pygmy shrew has to eat three times its body weight daily, which means capturing prey every 15 to 30 minutes, day and night; a full hour without food means certain death. Because of this high metabolism, the pygmy shrew never sleeps more than a few minutes at a time, as it is in a constant search for food.[5] Although due to its small body size it is always losing body heat, being small has its advantages during the winter when food is scarce. Predators of the American pygmy shrew include hawks, brook trout, owls, snakes, and domestic cats.
Little is known about the reproductive cycle of pygmy shrews. They appear to mate year round, with a bias of births occurring from November through March.[10] The gestation period is estimated to last about 18 days.[7] Females produce a litter of three to eight young, and only give birth once a year. The age the young are weaned is not known with certainty, but by 18 days old, they are nearly full grown, and are usually independent by 25 days.[10] Being mammals, the mother nourishes her young with milk. The maximum lifespan of a pygmy shrew is not known, but it is believed to be about 16–17 months.[10]
Pygmy shrews dig through soil and leaf litter to search for food, and can use tunnel networks created by other animals to aid in that search. They do not sleep or rest for extended periods of times, but alternate between rest and activity all day and night, showing a bias towards nighttime.[9] They have keen senses of smell and hearing to help them find prey.[7] When feeling threatened or scared, the shrews make a sharp squeaking noise and run for cover. Shrews can also swim, which makes them prey to brook trout. Pygmy shrews are in constant motion, and captured shrews have been observed "climbing and walking upside down on the wire top of the cage."[6]
Due to its high metabolism, the pygmy shrew is active year-round and does not engage in any form of torpor. Shrews have been known to burrow through snow to find food, showing that winter snow does not stop them. Although usually a positive correlation exists between latitude and shrew body size, the American pygmy shrew is an exception. Although it is constantly losing body heat because it is so small, it also benefits from this because to generate that energy takes less food than it would for a larger shrew.[8]
The American pygmy shrew (Sorex hoyi) is a small shrew found in Northern Alaska, Canada, and the northern United States, south through the Appalachian Mountains. It was first discovered in 1831 by naturalist William Cane in Georgian Bay, Parry Sound.
This animal is found in northern coniferous and deciduous forests of North America. It is believed to be the second-smallest mammal in the world, but has an extremely large appetite for its size. Due to its fast metabolism, it needs to eat constantly. It digs through moist soils and decaying leaf litter for food.
Sorex hoyi es una especie de musaraña de la familia Soricidae. Esta especie es casi ciega y fue descubierta en 1831 por el naturalista William Cane.
Se encuentra en Alaska, Canadá y al norte de los Estados Unidos.
Sorex hoyi es una especie de musaraña de la familia Soricidae. Esta especie es casi ciega y fue descubierta en 1831 por el naturalista William Cane.
Sorex hoyi Sorex generoko animalia da. Lehen Insectivora edo Soricomorpha deitzen zen taldearen barruan daude. Gaur egun Lipotyphla deitzen den taldearen barruko Soricinae azpifamilia eta Soricidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Sorex hoyi Sorex generoko animalia da. Lehen Insectivora edo Soricomorpha deitzen zen taldearen barruan daude. Gaur egun Lipotyphla deitzen den taldearen barruko Soricinae azpifamilia eta Soricidae familian sailkatuta dago.
La Musaraigne pygmée, Musaraigne pygmée d'Amérique ou Musaraigne pygmée américaine (Sorex hoyi Baird, 1857 ou Microsorex hoyi) est une petite espèce d'insectivore de la famille des soricidés. Elle est le plus petit mammifère de l'Est du Canada[1]. On la retrouve dans les régions boréales d'Amérique du Nord. Elle est de couleur brun rougeâtre ou grisâtre.
La couleur de la Musaraigne pygmée varie du brun rougeâtre au brun grisâtre, et son ventre est plus pâle que son dos[1]. Durant la saison hivernale, elle devient plus grise et son ventre est alors presque blanc[1]. Elle a une longueur totale de 7,3 à 10,5 cm, y compris la queue, de 2,2 à 3,8 cm de long[1]. Ses pieds mesurent entre 9 et 12 mm et ses oreilles 5 mm[1]. Le poids des individus adultes varie entre 2,3 et 7,3 g[1]. Les mâles et les femelles ont sensiblement la même taille[1].
Cette espèce se distingue de la Musaraigne cendrée par sa queue plus courte[1]. Elle a trois petites dents unicuspidées derrière ses incisives supérieures[1]. Son cœur bat 1 200 fois par minute, ce qui en fait le record du monde animal[2].
Sa longévité est de 14 à 18 mois[1].
La Musaraigne pygmée est active à l'année longue et vit surtout la nuit[1]. Elle emprunte souvent les galeries creusées par des musaraignes plus grandes ou par des campagnols[1]. Durant la saison hivernale, il lui arrive de se déplacer sous la neige, mais elle préfère utiliser les galeries souterraines[1].
Les femelles ont habituellement chaque année une ou deux portées de trois à huit petits, mais généralement de cinq à six[1]. La période d'accouplement s'étire de juin jusqu'en août[1].
L'alimentation de la Musaraigne pygmée est principalement composée de petits insectes et de leurs larves[1]. Elle se nourrit aussi d'araignées, de centipèdes, d'escargots, de limaces et de vers[1].
Les prédateurs de la Musaraigne pygmée comprennent les buses, les chats domestiques et les couleuvres rayées[1].
L'aire de répartition de la Musaraigne pygmée comprend tout le Canada à l'exception de la toundra, des Prairies, de la côte du Pacifique et de l'île de Terre-Neuve[1]. Elle comprend aussi l'est des États-Unis jusqu'en Caroline du Nord[1].
On la retrouve dans les forêts, les zones humides, les zones sèches à proximité d'un cours d'eau, les zones herbeuses, les tourbières et les marécages[1]. Elle se fabrique un nid de forme sphérique avec des herbes et des feuilles situé dans l'humus[1].
La Musaraigne pygmée, Musaraigne pygmée d'Amérique ou Musaraigne pygmée américaine (Sorex hoyi Baird, 1857 ou Microsorex hoyi) est une petite espèce d'insectivore de la famille des soricidés. Elle est le plus petit mammifère de l'Est du Canada. On la retrouve dans les régions boréales d'Amérique du Nord. Elle est de couleur brun rougeâtre ou grisâtre.
De Noord-Amerikaanse dwergspitsmuis (Sorex hoyi) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de spitsmuizen (Soricidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Baird in 1857.
De soort komt voor in Canada en de Verenigde Staten.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe Noord-Amerikaanse dwergspitsmuis (Sorex hoyi) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de spitsmuizen (Soricidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Baird in 1857.
Sorex hoyi[2][3][4][5][6][7] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Baird 1857. Sorex hoyi ingår i släktet Sorex och familjen näbbmöss.[8][9] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]
Arten är med en absolut kroppslängd av 80 till 91 mm, inklusive en 27 till 32 mm lång svans, och en vikt av 2 till 4 g ett av de minsta däggdjuren i Nordamerika. Den har liksom andra näbbmöss en spetsig nos och långa morrhår. Sorex hoyi har en gråbrun sommarpäls och en mera gråaktig vinterpäls. Undersidan är under alla årstider ljusare.[10]
Denna näbbmus förekommer i Nordamerikas skogsområden, främst i Kanada och Alaska. I syd når den nordvästra USA och regionen kring de Stora sjöarna. Dessutom finns två avskilda populationer i centrala och östra USA. Sorex hoyi hittas ofta på skogsgläntor och i träsk.[1]
Individerna är främst aktiva på natten och vistas vanligen i löv- eller grässkiktet. Ibland använder de tunnelsystem som skapades av andra djur (sorkar, större insekter). De äter huvudsakligen ryggradslösa djur som skalbaggar, spindeldjur och insektslarver. I mindre mått ingår gnagare och kadaver i födan. Ungarna föds främst under senvintern och våren. En annan fortplantningstid förekommer under senare hösten. Dessutom registrerades enstaka nyfödda exemplar under sommaren. Dräktigheten varar cirka 18 dagar och sedan föder honan 3 till 8 ungar. Ungarna kan tidigast para sig efter första vintern. Den maximala livslängden uppskattas vara två år.[1][10]
Arten producerar i sina körtlar en myskliknande vätska som avsöndras vid fara. Antagligen är vätskan även viktig för att hitta en partner. Troligen lever individerna utanför parningstiden ensam. Exemplar som hölls i fångenskap var aggressiva mot varandra och dödsfall har förekommit.[10]
Denna näbbmus har olika naturliga fiender som falkfåglar, strumpebandssnokar (Thamnophis) och tamkatter. Individer som gick längs vattendrag blev dödad av bäckröding (Salvelinus fontinalis).[10]
Arten delas in i följande underarter:[8]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Sorex hoyi.
Wikispecies har information om Sorex hoyi.
Sorex hoyi är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Baird 1857. Sorex hoyi ingår i släktet Sorex och familjen näbbmöss. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.
Країни поширення: Канада, США. Ця тварина знаходиться в північних хвойних і листяних лісах і відкритих місцях проживання.
Тіло близько 5 см в довжину, включаючи 2 см хвіст, вага від 2 до 2,5 гр. Хутро сіро-коричневого або червоно-коричневого кольору з більш світлим низом; хутро сивіє в зимовий період.
Харчується комахами, хробаками й іншими дрібними безхребетними. Хижаки: яструби, сови, змії і домашні коти. Ця тварина є активною вдень і вночі цілий рік.
Розмножується на початку літа. У самиці є один приплід від 5 до 8 дитинчат в норі під колодою або пнем.
Sorex hoyi là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột chù, bộ Soricomorpha. Loài này được Baird mô tả năm 1857.[2]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Sorex hoyi tại Wikimedia Commons
Bài viết liên quan đến họ Chuột chù này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Sorex hoyi là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột chù, bộ Soricomorpha. Loài này được Baird mô tả năm 1857.
Sorex hoyi (Baird, 1857)
Ареал
Американская карликовая бурозубка (лат. Sorex hoyi) — вид из рода бурозубки семейства землеройковые, самое маленькое млекопитающее Северной Америки. Видовое латинское название дано в честь американского врача и натуралиста Филипа Хоя (Philip Romayne Hoy, 1816—1892)[1].
Вид распространён в Канаде и США. Бурозубка-крошка живёт в северных хвойных и лиственных лесах и открытых местах обитания.
Длина тела около 5 см, включая хвост длиной 2 см, вес от 2 до 2,5 г. Окраска меха серо-коричневого или красно-коричневого цвета с более светлым низом. В зимний период мех седеет.
Активна днём и ночью в течение всего года. Питается насекомыми, червями и другими мелкими беспозвоночными. Естественные враги: ястребы, совы, змеи и домашние кошки.
Размножается в начале лета. Беременность длится 18 дней. Самка рождает один раз в год от 3 до 8 детёнышей в норе под бревном или пнём.
Американская карликовая бурозубка (лат. Sorex hoyi) — вид из рода бурозубки семейства землеройковые, самое маленькое млекопитающее Северной Америки. Видовое латинское название дано в честь американского врача и натуралиста Филипа Хоя (Philip Romayne Hoy, 1816—1892).
Вид распространён в Канаде и США. Бурозубка-крошка живёт в северных хвойных и лиственных лесах и открытых местах обитания.
Длина тела около 5 см, включая хвост длиной 2 см, вес от 2 до 2,5 г. Окраска меха серо-коричневого или красно-коричневого цвета с более светлым низом. В зимний период мех седеет.
Активна днём и ночью в течение всего года. Питается насекомыми, червями и другими мелкими беспозвоночными. Естественные враги: ястребы, совы, змеи и домашние кошки.
Размножается в начале лета. Беременность длится 18 дней. Самка рождает один раз в год от 3 до 8 детёнышей в норе под бревном или пнём.
아메리카피그미뒤쥐(Sorex hoyi)는 땃쥐과에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다.[2] 알래스카주와 캐나다 그리고 미국 북부 지역에서 발견되는 작은 땃쥐이다.
