Petaurista petaurista (Pallas 1766)

L'esquirol volador gegant (Petaurista petaurista) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. Viu a l'Afganistan, Brunei, la Xina, l'Índia, Indonèsia, Malàisia, Myanmar, el Nepal i Tailàndia. Es tracta d'un animal nocturn i arborícola. Els seus hàbitats naturals són els boscos perennifolis humits de frondoses, els boscos temperats, els boscos de coníferes, els boscos de matollars i zones rocoses com ara penya-segats o pics muntanyosos. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.^[1]

Referències

Der Taguan (Petaurista petaurista) ist ein Nagetier aus der Gattung der Riesengleithörnchen. Er lebt in dichten Waldgebieten Asiens – von Kaschmir bis Südchina, auf Sri Lanka, Borneo und Java.

Merkmale

Der Taguan ist im Vergleich zu anderen Hörnchen relativ groß mit einer Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von durchschnittlich etwa 40 Zentimetern, sein Schwanz hat eine Länge von durchschnittlich 42 Zentimeter. Das Körpergewicht beträgt durchschnittlich 1750 Gramm. Die Körperfarbe variiert regional, in der Regel besitzen die Tiere ein rötlich-braunes Fell und eine helle Bauchseite.^[1]

Der Taguan hat eine große und behaarte Flughaut, die Hand- und Fußgelenke miteinander verbindet und durch eine Hautfalte zwischen den Hinterbeinen und dem Schwanzansatz vergrößert wird. Die Flughaut ist muskulös und am Rand verstärkt, sie kann entsprechend angespannt und erschlafft werden, um die Richtung des Gleitflugs zu kontrollieren. Die Vorderfüße besitzen vier Finger, die Hinterfüße fünf Zehen.^[1]

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Verbreitungsgebiet des Taguans

Der Taguan besitzt ein sehr großes asiatisches Verbreitungsgebiet, das das nördliche Südasien, den Süden Chinas und Teile Südostasiens umfasst. In Südasien kommt die Art im östlichen Afghanistan, dem nördlichen Pakistan und Indien, Bhutan, Nepal sowie im östlichen Bangladesch vor. In China wurde es in den Provinzen Yunnan, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangxi und Guangdong dokumentiert. Die südostasiatische Verbreitung zieht sich über Myanmar und Thailand und über die malaiische Halbinsel bis nach Indonesien auf den Inseln Sumatra, Java und Borneo.^[2] Ein Erstnachweis eines Taguan für Laos auf einem Fleischmarkt im Bereich der Stadt Thatlouang stammt aus dem Jahr 2014, es handelt sich dabei um den am weitesten östlich liegenden Fundort der Art.^[3]

Die Höhenverbreitung reicht vor allem im Bereich des Himalaja in Nordindien bis in 3.100 Metern Höhe.^[2] Die Tiere leben vor allem in verschiedenen Waldgebieten, darunter immergrünen Laubwäldern sowie Nadel- und Buschwäldern. Zudem kommen sie in felsigen Gebieten mit weniger Vegetation vor.^[2]

Lebensweise

Der Taguan in einer Darstellung von 1862

Taguane sind nachtaktiv und haben ihre Hauptaktivitätszeiten am frühen Abend. Sie ernähren sich von Zapfen, kleinen Zweigen, jungen Blättern und Blütenknospen, saisonal kommen Nüsse und Früchte hinzu. Tagsüber verstecken sie sich in hohlen Bäumen, um in der Abenddämmerung auf Futtersuche zu gehen. Die Tiere sind gute Kletterer und sie sind in der Lage, lange Gleitflüge von bis zu 75 Metern durchzuführen. Hierfür springen sie von hohen Positionen, in der Regel Baumspitzen oder hohen Ästen, und kontrollieren den Flug über die muskulöse Flughaut. Während sie ruhen, falten sie die Flughaut und behalten sie nahe am Körper.^[1]

Die Tiere leben allein, paarweise oder in Familiengruppen, über ihre Fortpflanzung ist nicht viel bekannt. Offenbar werfen die Weibchen zweimal im Jahr, im März und August, in einem eigens dafür gebauten Nest zwei bis drei Jungtiere pro Wurf. In Gefangenschaft erreichen die Tiere ein Alter von bis zu 16 Jahren.^[1]

Obwohl es in den Gebieten, in denen der Taguan vorkommt, im Winter teilweise sehr kalt werden, halten sie keinen Winterschlaf. Es wird jedoch angenommen, dass sie in Gebiete mit größerem Nahrungsaufkommen ziehen.^[1]

Systematik

Der Taguan wird als eine von aktuell acht Arten der Gattung der Riesengleithörnchen (Petaurista) zugeordnet.^[4] Wilson & Reeder 2005 unterscheiden insgesamt 18 Unterarten, wobei der mittlerweile als eigene Art betrachtete Petaurista philippensis ursprünglich ebenfalls eine Unterart war. Für die Art wird eine Revision vorgeschlagen, da angenommen wird, dass es sich um eine Zusammenfassung mehrerer sehr ähnlicher Arten handelt.^[4]

Bedrohung und Schutz

Die Art wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) aufgrund der Bestandsgröße und des großen Verbreitungsgebietes als nicht gefährdet (least concern) eingestuft.^[2] Lokal ist die Population rückläufig, vor allem aufgrund der Lebensraumveränderung und der Umwandlung von Waldgebieten in landwirtschaftlich genutzte Flächen. Allerdings kommt die Art in mehreren geschützten Gebieten vor, in denen kein Rückgang der Bestände anzunehmen ist.^[2]

Belege

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Sarah Newlin, James Bradshaw: Petaurista petaurista im Animal Diversity Net.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Petaurista petaurista in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2011. Eingestellt von: J. Walston, J.W. Duckworth, S.U. Sarker, S. Molur, 2008. Abgerufen am 23. Mai 2012.
3. ↑ Daosavanh Sanamxay, Bounsavane Douangboubpha1, Sara Bumrungsri, Chutamas Satasook, Paul J.J. Bates: A summary of the taxonomy and distribution of the red giant flying squirrel, Petaurista petaurista (Sciuridae, Sciurinae, Pteromyini), in mainland Southeast Asia with the first record from Lao PDR. Mammalia, August 2014. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2014-0005.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Petaurista petaurista In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 Bände. 3. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

Weblinks

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• Petaurista petaurista in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2011. Eingestellt von: J. Walston, J.W. Duckworth, S.U. Sarker, S. Molur, 2008. Abgerufen am 23. Mai 2012.

The red giant flying squirrel or common giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae (squirrels). It is found in a wide variety of forest–types, plantations and more open habitats with scattered trees in Southeast Asia, ranging north to the Himalayas and southern and central China.^[1][2] One of the largest arboreal squirrels, all populations have at least some reddish-brown above and pale underparts, but otherwise there are significant geographic variations in the colours. The taxonomic position of those in the Sundaic region is generally agreed upon, but there is considerable uncertainty about the others, which variously have been included in this or other species, or recognized as their own species.^[1][3]

Like other flying squirrels, the red giant flying squirrel is mostly nocturnal and able to glide (not actually fly like a bat) long distances between trees by spreading out its patagium, skin between its limbs.^[2][4] It is a herbivore and the female has one, infrequently two, young per litter.^[4] Although declining locally due to habitat loss and to a lesser degree hunting, it remains overall common and it is not a threatened species.^[1]

Distribution, appearance and taxonomy

The red giant flying squirrel is among the largest flying squirrels and longest squirrels. It has a head–and–body length of 28.5–55 cm (11 in – 1 ft 9.5 in), tail length of 34–63 cm (1 ft 1.5 in – 2 ft 1 in) and weighs about 990–3,200 g (2.2–7.1 lb).^[2][5] Within each region, males are generally somewhat smaller, at least in weight, than females.^[4][6]

It varies considerably in appearance depending on subspecies and location.^[2] Roughly, it can be divided into the following subspecies groups, some of which variously have been regarded as part of this species, the Indian giant flying squirrel (P. philippensis), the red and white giant flying squirrel (P. alborufus) or the spotted giant flying squirrel (P. elegans), or their own separate species. Up until the 1980s, some authorities even listed the Indian giant flying squirrel itself as a subspecies of the red giant flying squirrel.^[3]

Nominate subspecies group

Two museum specimens of the nominate subspecies group, upper from Sumatra, lower without location

The red giant flying squirrel sensu stricto is the nominate subspecies group (P. p. petaurista and most other subspecies, excluding those mentioned in later groups). The distribution of this group essentially equals the Sundaic region, including Java, Sumatra, Borneo, the Thai-Malay Peninsula, nearby smaller islands, and Singapore (last Singaporean record in 1986, possibly extirpated).^[2][4][7][8] They generally inhabit lowlands and foothills, typically below 900–1,000 m (3,000–3,300 ft) elevation.^[2][9]

Members of the nominate group are medium to dark reddish-brown above and the underparts, including the face, are light orangish-brown to buff. The tail is reddish-brown or orangish-brown and its tip is black. The feet/hands, rings around the eyes and area near the nose are black. The various subspecies in this group are generally quite similar, varying primarily in the exact hue of the upper- and underparts, and to a small degree their size. In the darkest, the upperparts have some black hairs intermixed with the reddish-brown.^[4][7][9] In Java, much of the tail (not just the tip) can be black.^[4] Two subspecies, terutaus from Ko Tarutao in the Andaman Sea off the Thai mainland and taylori from Tenasserim in southern Myanmar and adjacent western Thailand, are located roughly in between the nominate subspecies group and the barroni–candidula subspecies group. Although largely similar to the former group, they have some grizzling to the upperparts and more whitish to the head, thus approaching the latter group.^[7][10]

Although the members of the nominate subspecies group are quite similar and appear to be part of the same species, considerable taxonomic uncertainty exists for all populations (groups) outside the Sundaic region.^[1][3] Locally in Thailand, the nominate subspecies group and the barroni–candidula subspecies group are sympatric, leading some authors to recognize them as separate species.^[1] The other groups have ranges that are fully separated from the nominate subspecies group.^[3] Limited genetic data is available for the nominate subspecies group. A study in 2002 found that Bornean red giant flying squirrels (a part of the nominate group) were relatively closely related to a clade that contains the white-bellied (albiventer) and Yunnan giant flying squirrels (yunanensis subspecies group), but more distantly related to a clade that contains red giant flying squirrels from an unspecified location in southern China and perhaps Laos.^[11] Using several of the same samples, a genetic study in 2004 came to another result, finding that Bornean red giant flying squirrels were very closely related to the southern China population, but more distant to the white-bellied giant flying squirrel (albiventer).^[12] The same southern Chinese and perhaps Laos specimens have been used in other genetic studies in 2004–2006 where they were labelled as melanotus,^[13][14] a subspecies in the nominate group from the Thai-Malay Peninsula (far from China and Laos).^[3] Later studies that used these samples have typically only listed them as red giant flying squirrels from southern China and perhaps Laos without exact subspecies, although likely rufipes (at least in part) as all other groups found in southern China were listed separately.^[15][16] The southern China–perhaps Laos population is very close to the Formosan giant flying squirrel (grandis), but distant from the white-bellied giant flying squirrel (albiventer), Yunnan giant flying squirrel (yunanensis subspecies group) and other giant flying squirrel species. Based on these data, each of these could be regarded as its own species. Alternatively, the southern China–perhaps Laos population and Formosan giant flying squirrel could be regarded as subspecies of one species and the white-bellied and Yunnan giant flying squirrels as subspecies of another species;^{[13][14][15][16]} whether the nominate subspecies group is associated with the former or the latter is disputed.^[11][12] Merging the nominate subspecies group, southern China–perhaps Laos population, and the Formosan, white-bellied and Yunnan giant flying squirrels into a single species would however result in a strongly polyphyletic grouping.^{[13][14][15][16]}

Barroni–candidula subspecies group

P. p. candidula is quite different from the red giant flying squirrel's others subspecies groups, but it is easily confused with the very rare Namdapha flying squirrel^[17]

The taxon barroni is found in central and southeastern Thailand and southern Laos.^[7][18] The taxon candidula is found in Myanmar, northern Thailand,^[7][10] and northeastern India (at least eastern Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Assam and Nagaland).^[11][17][19] Individuals in eastern Bangladesh are similar in their appearance, if not the same.^[20]

Members of the barroni–candidula subspecies group are chestnut-brown above with the central parts, from the nape to the rump, with many whitish hairs resulting in a grizzled appearance. The underparts, including the throat, are whitish. The black-tipped tail is buffy-grey (candidula) or grey-brown (barroni). Much of the head, including the cheeks and forehead, is grey-white, but with blackish-red rings around the eyes.^[7][10][17] This is overall similar to the very rare Namdapha flying squirrel (Biswamoyopterus biswasi), which has resulted in frequent misidentifications.^[17] Based on a small number of specimens, members of the barroni–candidula subspecies group are medium-large in size, with measurements in the mid to upper range of that reported for the red giant flying squirrel.^[7][17]

Since the 1950s, both barroni and candidula have generally been included either as subspecies or as synonyms in the red giant flying squirrel or the red and white giant flying squirrel.^[3] Despite the close similarity, barroni and candidula have otherwise frequently been treated very differently in terms of their taxonomy.^[7] For example, in 2005, Mammal Species of the World opted to regard candidula as a subspecies of the red giant flying squirrel, while barroni was regarded as a synonym of albiventer (albiventer being a subspecies of the red giant flying squirrel according to that review).^[21] In a review in 2012, albiventer was recognized as a separate species, but—partially affected by the review in 2005—opted to include barroni as a valid subspecies of it, although noting that its position requires further study. In contrast, candidula was considered a subspecies of the red and white giant flying squirrel based on its colours.^[3]

White-bellied giant flying squirrel

P. (p.) albiventer: foxed ("faded") museum specimen above, painting from Hardwicke and Gray's Illustrations of Indian Zoology (1830–1835) below

The white-bellied giant flying squirrel (albiventer) is from the western and central Himalayan region in northeastern Afghanistan, through northern Pakistan and northern India, at least to Nepal (formerly reported east to Yunnan in China, but this is now recognized as separate, see Yunnan giant flying squirrel).^[22][23] In Nepal it occurs at altitudes from 150 to 1,500 m (490–4,920 ft), but in Pakistan from 1,350 to 3,050 m (4,430–10,010 ft) with the upper limit equalling the tree line.^[2][22]

Its upperparts are reddish-mahogany or reddish-chestnut with many whitish hairs resulting in a grizzled appearance. The underparts are pale buffy to whitish, and the throat and cheeks are whitish. The tail is brown, often with a black tip, and the feet/hands are blackish.^[2][22][24] Melanistic individuals are known from the Kaghan Valley in Pakistan.^[22] The white-bellied giant flying squirrel is medium-large in size, with measurements in the mid to upper range of those reported for the red giant flying squirrel.^[2]

Since the 1950s, most authorities placed albiventer as a subspecies of the red giant flying squirrel.^[3] In the early 2000s, several genetic studies revealed that albiventer is relatively closely related to the members of the yunanensis group, but quite distantly related to other giant flying squirrels.^[13][14] As a consequence, recent authorities often have recognized it as a separate species, the white-bellied giant flying squirrel (P. albiventer), sometimes with barroni or members of the yunanensis group as its subspecies.^[2][22][23]

Yunnan giant flying squirrel

The yunanensis subspecies group (including nigra, muzongensis and mechukaensis), often incorrectly modified to yunnanensis,^[25] is found in highlands of northeast India (at least northern and eastern Arunachal Pradesh),^[26] far northwestern Yunnan and southeastern Xizang in China,^[23] Myanmar, northern Laos and northern Vietnam, although the extent of its range in the last three countries is labelled with considerable uncertainty.^[10]

Members of this group have dark reddish-chestnut upperparts, darker towards the upper back and head, a blackish tail with a greyish or reddish-chestnut base, and brown-black feet/hands, muzzle and around the eyes. The underparts are light ochraceous-buff and the throat is whitish. In yunanensis, the central upperparts, from the top of the head and shoulders to the rump, have extensive scattered creamy-white guard hairs resulting in a grizzled appearance.^[2][23] In nigra, this is of more limited extent, mostly on the mid and lower back. In muzongensis and mechukaensis, this is essentially absent.^[23][27] Despite being distantly related, yunanensis is easily confused with the rare Mount Gaoligong flying squirrel (Biswamoyopterus gaoligongensis). Members of the yunanensis subspecies group are medium-large in size, with measurements in the mid to upper range of that reported for the red giant flying squirrel.^{[2][11][23][27]}

Traditionally, only yunanensis was recognized, variously as a subspecies of the red or the Indian giant flying squirrel, and often including several highly distinctive populations, notably hainana, rubicundus and rufipes, as synonyms.^[3][28] In 2006, a genetic study showed that yunanensis is fairly closely related to the white-bellied giant flying squirrel (albiventer), but quite distantly related to other giant flying squirrels,^[14] leading several recent authorities to recognize it as its own species, the Yunnan giant flying squirrel (P. yunanensis).^[2][25] In 2017, a review of Chinese "yunanensis" found that nigra (typically considered a synonym of yunanensis) of northwestern Yunnan is distinct and that individuals from southeastern Xizang should be recognized as the new subspecies muzongensis; thus effectively limiting the Chinese range of true yunanensis to southwestern Yunnan. Samples used in the 2006 genetic study (and a few other studies that used the same) actually were nigra rather than yunanensis. Although all are very similar in their general appearance, it was suggested that yunanensis should remain part of the Indian giant flying squirrel based on cranial morphometrics, while nigra and muzongensis should be considered subspecies of the white-bellied giant flying squirrel.^[23] An alternative option is to recognize it as its own species, P. nigra with subspecies muzongensis, or all as subspecies of P. yunanensis. In 2007 and 2009, two very similar new species were described from northeastern India: the Mechuka giant flying squirrel (P. mechukaensis) of north-central Arunachal Pradesh and Mishmi giant flying squirrel (P. mishmiensis) of northeastern Arunachal Pradesh. In 2016, it was proposed that mechukaensis is a part of P. nigra, but the taxonomic position of both it and mishmiensis require further study.^[26]

Subspecies rubicundus and rufipes

Both rubicundus and rufipes are restricted to China, with the former from the central states of Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan, and the latter from the southeastern states of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. Although rufipes does occur very close to the border with northern Laos and northern Vietnam, it has not been confirmed in either country.^[4][11][29]

They generally resemble typical members of the nominate subspecies group, but they have brown (not black) feet/hands, especially rufipes is more ferruginous or tawny above, and the entire tail of rufipes is ferruginous or tawny (no black tail-tip).^[4]

The taxonomic position of these Chinese taxa has been greatly disputed.^[30] In 2003 and 2008, Chinese authorities recognized rufipes as a subspecies of the red giant flying squirrel, while rubicundus variously was placed as a subspecies of the Indian or the Chindwin giant flying squirrel (itself often considered a subspecies of the spotted giant flying squirrel).^[29] Despite their appearance, it was suggested in 2005 in Mammal Species of the World that both rubicundus and rufipes should be regarded as synonyms of yunanensis,^[21] which was repeated in another taxonomic review in 2012.^[3] The cranial morphometrics of rufipes (data is lacking for rubicundus) differ distinctly from those of the yunanensis subspecies group.^[23][30] A secondary problem is related to the name rufipes: In 1925, the population in southeastern China was described using this name. In 1949, the population in southeastern Sumatra (a part of red giant flying squirrel's nominate subspecies group) was described, also using the name rufipes. Consequently, if both are recognized as valid subspecies of the red giant flying squirrel, the replacement name sodyi is used for the southeast Sumatran population.^[3]

Formosan giant flying squirrel

P. (p.) grandis with young on its chest

The Formosan giant flying squirrel (grandis) is from Taiwan, historically known as Formosa, at altitudes of 100–2,500 m (330–8,200 ft), but mostly 500–2,000 m (1,600–6,600 ft). Although there is significant overlap and they do occur together, the Formosan giant flying squirrel tends to occupy lower altitudes than the Taiwan giant flying squirrel (P. (alborufus) lena). These are the only giant flying squirrels of the island.^[29][31]

The Formosan giant flying squirrel is dark reddish-chestnut above, including the head, and the underparts, including the throat, are orange-ochre. Except for its reddish-chestnut base, the tail is black. It is relatively small in size, with measurements in the lower range of those reported for the red giant flying squirrel.^[32]

Since the 1950s, grandis has most often been included as a subspecies of the Indian giant flying squirrel, although sometimes of the red giant flying squirrel.^[3] In 2006, a genetic study revealed that it is fairly closely related to the red giant flying squirrel, but quite distantly related to other giant flying squirrels.^[14] This has been confirmed by other studies,^[16] and recent authorities have placed it as a subspecies of the red giant flying squirrel or recognized it as its own species, the Formosan giant flying squirrel (P. grandis).^[3]

Behavior

The red giant flying squirrel is largely nocturnal, starting its activity just before dusk and retreating at dawn. On occasion it may stay out until the mid-morning.^[9] The day is typically spent in a hole in a tree that is 10 m (33 ft) or more above the ground,^[9] although sometimes in rock crevices or a nest made of vegetation in a tree instead.^[4] In a study of seven nests in India's Namdapha National Park, one tree hole was c. 35 m (115 ft) above the ground, while the remaining were between about 15 and 21 m (49–69 ft) above the ground.^[33] Red giant flying squirrels and hornbills sometimes compete for the same tree holes.^[22]

Gliding

Gliding and perched P. (p.) albiventer, photographed in 1914–16 by Richard Hingston

The red giant flying squirrel usually travels between trees by long glides, up to at least 100–150 m (330–490 ft),^[2][34] reputedly even 450 m (1,480 ft).^[22] Most glides are no longer than 50 m (160 ft). Glides are most often launched from the upper tree canopy, less often the mid or lower canopy. The animal lands well below its launch height, as the typical glide angle is about 14–22°. Nevertheless, landing heights generally are more than 3 m (10 ft) above the ground and typically much higher.^[34] As long as the separation between remaining tall trees does not exceed its typical glide distance, this species survives well in degraded habitats,^[22] even willingly crossing highways.^[35] However, if distances between trees exceed the typical glide distance, it forms an efficient barrier for the species.^[34]

Feeding

The red giant flying squirrel is a herbivore, primarily a folivore, and has been recorded feeding on the leaves of many plant species.^[2][4] Young leaves are preferred over older leaves.^[36] Other items recorded in its diet are shoots, flowers, fruits, nuts, seeds, lichen, moss, twigs, bark and in the northern part of its range pine cones.^{[2][4][22][29]} In Taiwan alone, P. (p.) grandis has been recorded feeding on at least 30 species of plants from 19 families.^[36] When feeding extensively on bark it may kill trees in the process and for this reason it is sometimes considered a pest in conifer plantations, while its frugivory can result in conflicts with humans in fruit plantations.^[2] Although not fully confirmed, there are strong indications that flower-feeding red giant flying squirrels may function as pollinators of certain trees.^[37] Some populations, at least P. (p.) yunanensis, will visit specific locations to feed on minerals directly from cliffs/earth.^[35]

When only relatively poor food sources like older leaves are available, the red giant flying squirrel is still active, but less so compared to periods where richer food sources like young leaves and fruits are available.^[38] The populations that live in colder mountainous regions (for example, P. (p.) albiventer) remain active even when there is deep snow on the ground, but during this time may move to lower altitudes.^[2]

While some species of giant flying squirrels will supplement their diet with small animals, primarily insects, this has not been reported in the red giant flying squirrel.^[2][4][36]

Social life and breeding

Densities vary greatly in the red giant flying squirrel. In Taiwan (P. (p.) grandis), it varies from an average of around five animals per 20 ha (50 acres) in hardwood forests to around one-fifth that density in conifer plantations,^[6] although there are also reports of home ranges in the latter habitat that are as small as, or even a bit smaller, than the average reported in the former habitat.^[38] It is often the most common species of giant flying squirrel in the Sundaic region.^[1]

It has an oft-uttered call that especially is given at dusk,^[4] and in Himalaya (P. (p.) albiventer) has been described as a "monotonous repeated wail" or a "loud, penetrating and drawn-out whine".^[22] Sometimes small groups may actively call out to each other over a longer period.^[18] Otherwise the species typically occurs alone,^[18] or in pairs.^[22] The mother or pair are sometimes accompanied by a young, as they forage together for a few to several months after birth.^[22][6]

There is usually only one, infrequently two, young in a litter, as typical of giant flying squirrels.^[4][6] In Taiwan (P. (p.) grandis), there are two breeding seasons per year, with most births in January–February and July–August.^[6] In Uttarakhand of India, a young was found in a nest in May and in Malaysia pregnant females have been recorded in February.^[22] The young suckle for an extended period of time after being born; more than two months in P. (p.) albiventer.^[22]

References

La ardilla voladora gigante roja o ardilla voladora gigante común (Petaurista petaurista) es una especie de ardilla voladora encontrada en Asia. Es de color rojo oscuro con las extremidades negras y puede crecer hasta una longitud de cabeza y cuerpo de 42 cm. La cola es larga y le brinda estabilidad cuando se desliza entre los árboles. Es nocturna, se alimenta principalmente de hojas, frutas y nueces, y ocasionalmente insectos. Esta ardilla no se enfrenta a amenazas particulares, aparte de la destrucción continua de su hábitat. Cuenta con una amplia área de distribución y es relativamente común, y la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza la clasifica como especie bajo preocupación menor.^[1]​

Distribución

La ardilla voladora gigante roja es nativa de Asia, su área de distribución se extiende desde Afganistán, el norte la India y Pakistán a través de Java, y Taiwán, así como en Sri Lanka. También se puede encontrar en partes de Borneo. Esta especie fue registrada en la península de Malaca, incluido Penang, la isla Tioman y también en Singapur.^[2]​ También se ha registrado en muchas localidades a lo largo de Sabah y Sarawak, hasta 900 metros en el monte Kinabalu, excluyendo el rango de P. p. nigrescens, que se conoce sólo de los bosques alrededor de la bahía de Sandakan al norte de río Kinabatangan.^[3]​

Las ardillas voladoras gigantes (Petaurista sp.) tienen su mayor diversidad en términos de riqueza de especies y diversidad de la población en el sudeste asiático.^[4]​

Identificación

P. p. grandis

Al igual que todas las demás especies de ardillas voladoras, tiene una membrana de piel entre sus piernas y brazos, que utiliza para deslizarse entre los árboles. Se caracteriza por su color rojo oscuro y grandes ojos. Cuando se compara con otras especies de ardillas, esta especie es grande, siendo en promedio de 42 cm de largo, con la cola larga y delgada. Todo el cuerpo es rojizo oscuro a excepción de la nariz, la barbilla, el anillo ocular, detrás de las orejas, pies y la punta de la cola negras.^[5]​

Ecología y hábitat

En la naturaleza, se alimenta principalmente de conos de coníferas, hojas y ramas, y, cuando están en temporada, frutas y nueces, y ocasionalmente insectos. Es capaz de planear por largas distancias. Ha habido informes de distancias de hasta 75 metros o más; los ángulos de planeo son generalmente 40-60 grados respecto a la horizontal, de vez en cuando más pronunciados para los deslizamientos más cortos. Los agujeros de su nido por lo general están al menos 10 metros por encima del suelo. Es nocturna y no hiberna, pero migra a zonas con más comida. También es capaz de explorar plantaciones de coníferas secundarias y utilizar este hábitat como la alimentación y áreas de descanso.

Es más activa entre el atardecer y la medianoche y el área de acción de las hembras adultas en las plantaciones de coníferas se estimó en 3.2 ha.^[6]​

Se cree que se aparean dos veces al año, pero las hembras suelen reproducirse una vez al año. Las crías nacen en febrero y agosto en camadas de uno a dos.^[7]​ Esta ardilla no se enfrenta a amenazas particulares, aparte de la destrucción continua de hábitat adecuado.^[1]​

Referencias

Petaurista petaurista Petaurista generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Sciurinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

• Petaurista petauristari buruzko informazioa Mammals of The World datubasean

Ikus, gainera

• Petaurista
• Sciuridae

Tando (Latin: Petaurista petaurista Pallas)adalah tupai terbang yang berukuran besar dan panjang berwarna coklat kemerahan yang biasanya ditemui di wilayah Jawa dan Sumatra, di beberapa wilayah Semenanjung Malaysia (Penang), Pakistan, India Utara, dan Afganistan.^[2][3]Hewan tersebut hidup di pohon-pohon, di hutan-hutan, maupun di kampung-kampung.^[2] Di Sandakan, Kinabalu, di Sabah and Sarawak, mereka banyak ditemui di ketinggian 900 meter di wilayah gunung Kinabalu, juga di daerah Sungai Kinabatangan.^[4]

Beberapa nama lain dari tando

• Dalam bahasa Inggris disebut, Red giant flying squirrel terkait warnanya yang merah, badannya yang terhitung besar dibanding tupai-tupai lain, dan dapat melompat dengan jarak yang jauh sehingga disebut mampu terbang.^[3]
• Dalam Bahasa Indonesia sendiri sering disebut biluk.^[2]
• Dalam Bahasa Sunda disebut beluk.^[2]
• Dalam Bahasa Jawa disebut walangkopo, luwuk, bajing gendu, koobong.^[2]
• Bahasa Madura disebut pok-pok.^[2]
• Di Sumatra disebut juga kubung, tupai panjang, dan garupung.^[2]

Ciri Fisik

Tando memiliki ukuran antara 38-45 cm, bobot antara 1 - 1,5 kg, memiliki selaput kulit yang dipakai untuk terbang.^[2] Warna luar badan (bulu) coklat kemerahan dengan bercak hitam di bagian punggung yang tidak terlalu jelas.^[2] Di bagian seputar mata, ujung hidung, telinga, kaki, dan ekor berwarna hitam.^[2]

Cara Hidup

Tando bertahan hidup dengan makan buat-buahan, mencari makan setelah matahari terbenam.^[2] Mereka tinggal di pohon-pohon yang tinggi dan membuat sarang.^[2] Di Indonesia, mereka hidup di hutan dengan ketinggian 0-1000 m di Jawa, Sumatra, dan Kalimantan.^[2]

Rujukan

Il petaurista rosso o taguan (Petaurista petaurista Pallas, 1766), noto in cinese come Hongbei Wushu, è uno scoiattolo volante originario del Sud-est asiatico^[3].

Tassonomia

Attualmente, gli studiosi riconoscono diciotto sottospecie di petaurista rosso^[1]:

• P. p. petaurista Pallas, 1766 (Giava);
• P. p. albiventer Gray, 1834 (dal Nepal, lungo le regioni nord-occidentali dell'Himalaya, fino al Kashmir, al Pakistan occidentale e allo Yunnan occidentale);
• P. p. batuana Miller, 1903 (isole Batu);
• P. p. candidula Wroughton, 1911 (Myanmar e Thailandia);
• P. p. cicur Robinson e Kloss, 1914 (Provincia di Surat Thani, in Thailandia);
• P. p. interceptio Sody, 1949 (Giava Occidentale);
• P. p. lumholtzi Gyldenstolpe, 1920 (Borneo, a eccezione di Sabah e Sarawak);
• P. p. marchio Thomas, 1908 (Borneo, penisola malese e Sumatra);
• P. p. melanotus Gray, 1837 (Cina meridionale, Laos, penisola malese e isola di Tioman);
• P. p. nigrescens Medway, 1965 (Sabah);
• P. p. nigricaudatus Robinson e Kloss, 1918 (Giava Orientale);
• P. p. nitidula Thomas, 1900 (isola di Bunguran);
• P. p. penangensis Robinson e Kloss, 1918 (isola di Penang);
• P. p. rajah Thomas, 1908 (Sabah e Sarawak);
• P. p. rufipes Sody, 1949 (Fujian e Guangdong);
• P. p. stellaris Chasen, 1940 (isola di Bintan);
• P. p. taylori Thomas, 1914 (Tenasserim meridionale e Thailandia occidentale);
• P. p. terutaus (isola di Terutau).

Descrizione

Petaurista petaurista nel Parco nazionale di Namdapha

Con una lunghezza testa-corpo di 39,8–52 cm, una coda di 37,5–63 cm e un peso di 1596-2450 g, il petaurista rosso è uno degli scoiattoli volanti di maggiori dimensioni. Le orecchie sono corte e larghe, e dietro a esse si innalza un folto ciuffo di peli piuttosto lunghi; la coda è folta e cespugliosa. La parte superiore del corpo è bruno-rossastra; il capo e le parti laterali del collo, la pagina superiore del patagio e le zampe sono castano-brune; la parte inferiore del corpo è grigio-polvere, la coda è dello stesso colore del dorso, la pagina inferiore del patagio è giallo-grigio, con bordi grigio-cenere^[4].

Distribuzione e habitat

È una specie largamente diffusa, presente nelle regioni settentrionali dell'Asia meridionale, in Cina meridionale e Sud-est asiatico. Nell'Asia meridionale si incontra in Afghanistan orientale, Pakistan settentrionale, Bangladesh orientale, Bhutan, Nepal e India settentrionale, a 500–3100 m di quota. In Cina, è presente in Yunnan, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangxi e Guangdong. Nel Sud-est asiatico, sul continente, si incontra dal Myanmar, a ovest, fino a tutta la Thailandia occidentale e alla penisola malese^[5]. È molto diffuso anche nell'Arcipelago Malese, dove è presente a Sumatra, Giava e Borneo^[6].

Biologia

In natura, il petaurista rosso si nutre prevalentemente di coni di conifere, foglie e ramoscelli, e, quando è la loro stagione, frutta e noci, e occasionalmente insetti. È in grado di planare per lunghe distanze. Sono stati registrati «voli» di 75 m o più; l'angolo di planata è generalmente di 40-60 gradi rispetto al piano orizzontale, ma talvolta, nelle planate brevi, è perfino maggiore. Le cavità degli alberi ove fa il nido si trovano solitamente ad almeno 10 m di altezza dal suolo. Ha abitudini notturne e non va in ibernazione, ma si sposta verso aree dove il cibo è maggiormente disponibile. È in grado di stabilirsi senza problemi anche nelle piantagioni di conifere, ove trova nutrimento e riparo.

Il petaurista rosso è maggiormente attivo tra il tramonto e la mezzanotte e nelle piantagioni di conifere il territorio delle femmine adulte si estende per 3,2 ettari^[7].

Si ritiene che questa specie si riproduca due volte all'anno e che i piccoli, in numero di due o tre, nascano per lo più in marzo o agosto.

Conservazione

Sebbene minacciata dalla deforestazione e dalla caccia, la specie è ancora molto diffusa e la IUCN la inserisce tra le specie a rischio minimo (Least Concern)^[2].

Note

Tupai terbang Merah (bahasa Inggeris: Red Giant Flying Squirrel) ialah salah satu daripada haiwan yang terdapat di Malaysia. Nama sainsnya Petaurista petaurista. ^[2]

Malaysia merupakan salah satu daripada 12 negara yang telah diiktiraf sebagai kepelbagaian raya "mega diversity" dari segi bilangan dan kepelbagaian flora dan fauna dengan 15,000 spesies pokok berbunga yang diketahui, 286 spesies mamalia, lebih 1,500 vertebrat darat, lebih 150,000 spesies invertebrat, lebih 1000 spesies rama-rama dan 12,000 spesies kupu-kupu, dan lebih 4,000 spesies ikan laut.

Taburan

Tupai terbang Merah boleh didapati di Malaysia.

Ciri-ciri

Tupai terbang Merah adalah haiwan yang tergolong dalam golongan benda hidup, alam haiwan, bertulang belakang (vertebrat), kelas Mamalia. Dalam aturan : , tergolong dalam keluarga : .Tupai terbang Merah adalah haiwan berdarah panas, melahirkan anak, menjaga anak, dan mempunyai bulu di badan.

Jantung Tupai terbang Merah terdiri daripada empat kamar seperti manusia. Kamar atas dikenali sebagai atrium, sementara kamar bawah dikenali sebagai ventrikel.

Pembiakan

Sebagai mamalia, Tupai terbang Merah berdarah panas, melahirkan anak, menjaga anak, dan mempunyai bulu di badan. Tupai terbang Merah akan menjaga anaknya sehingga mampu berdikari.

Pengekalan

Tupai terbang Merah merupakan haiwan yang dilindungi and memerlukan lesen pemburuan.

Rujukan

De tagoean (Petaurista petaurista) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Pallas in 1766.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in het oosten van Afghanistan, Noord-India, Pakistan, Java, Taiwan en Sri Lanka.

Leefgebied

Wielkolot rdzawy^[3], dawniej także: taguan^[4] (Petaurista petaurista) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny wiewiórkowatych^[5].

Jego średnia długość ciała waha się w przedziale 40-58 cm, a długość ogona 43-63 cm. Dzięki dużemu fałdowi skórnemu, łączącymi boki ciała oraz przednie i tylne kończyny, ten gatunek wprawdzie nie może latać, ale wykonuje loty ślizgowe dochodzące do 450 m długości. Nie musi więc za każdym razem schodzić na ziemię, jeśli chce się przenieść z drzewa na drzewo. W ciągu dnia kryje się w dziupli, którą opuszcza o zmierzchu, udając się na poszukiwanie orzechów i innych owoców. Taguany żyją pojedynczo, parami lub w grupach rodzinnych. Tubylcy polują na te duże gryzonie ze względu na ich smaczne mięso.

Występowanie

Występuje w gęstych lasach Azji, od Kaszmiru do południowych Chin, a także na Sri Lance, Jawie i Borneo.

U osobników należących do podgatunku występującego na Tajwanie (Petaurista petaurista grandis) wykryto zarodziec Plasmodium watteni, którego rozmnażanie się i przenoszenie nadal nie jest wiadome^[6]

Rozmnażanie

Samce są aktywne rozrodczo w okresach od marca do czerwca i od października do listopada, natomiast większość samic od maja do lipca i od listopada do stycznia. Latające wiewiórki z rodzaju wielkolot mają dwa sezony rozrodcze w roku – zimowy i letni. Ich dokładne przedziały czasowe różnią się między gatunkami. Sezon rozrodczy wielkolota rdzawego zamyka się w okresach od czerwca do sierpnia i od grudnia do lutego^[7]. Samica prawdopodobnie wydaje na świat 2 lub 3 mioty po 1 lub 3 młode w każdym z nich. Nigdy nie zaobserwowano młodych siedzących na grzbiecie matki, więc przypuszcza się, że przed udaniem się na poszukiwanie pokarmu pozostawia je w bezpiecznym miejscu.

Przypisy

Rödbrun jätteflygekorre (Petaurista petaurista^[2][3][4]) är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Peter Simon Pallas 1766. Petaurista petaurista ingår i släktet jätteflygekorrar och familjen ekorrar.^[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.^[1]

Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.^[5] Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan 18 underarter.^[3]

Denna flygekorre förekommer i Asien från östra Afghanistan och norra Pakistan till sydöstra Kina och söderut till Borneo och Java. Arten vistas där i kulliga regioner och i bergstrakter där den når 3100 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av olika slags skogar och av angränsande områden med buskar.^[1]

Som namnet antyder är rödbrun jätteflygekorre en stor art i familjen ekorrar. Den blir i genomsnitt 40 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en cirka 42 cm lång svans och väger ungefär 1,75 kg. Liksom andra flygekorrar har den en flygmembran som är fäst vid extremiteterna. Dessutom förekommer ett hudveck mellan svansroten och bakbenen som gör ytan ännu större. Pälsen på ovansidan är allmänt rödbrun men kan variera lite mellan olika populationer. Arten har fyra fingrar vid framtassarna och fem tår vid bakfötterna. De är utrustade med kraftiga böjda klor.^[7]

Individerna klättrar i växtligheten och svävar ibland från träd till träd. De kan segla upp till 75 meter. Rödbrun jätteflygekorre är aktiv på kvällen och under natten. I vissa regioner där arten lever förekommer kalla vintrar. Flygekorren håller ingen vinterdvala men flyttar vanligen till områden med bättre tillgång till föda. Utanför parningstiden lever varje individ ensam. Födan utgörs av frön från barrträd, unga växtskott, blad, kvistar, frukter och nötter. Djur i fångenskap åt däremot inga växtdelar med mycket cellulosa.^[7]

Fortplantningssättet är föga känt. Antagligen har honor mellan mars och augusti en eller två kullar med 2 till 3 ungar per kull. Födelsen sker i moderns näste och ungarna diar sin mor cirka 2,5 månader. Med människans vård kan arten leva 16 år.^[7]

Källor

1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Petaurista petaurista Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
3. ^ [a b] (2005) , website Petaurista petaurista, Mammal Species of the World
4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
5. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (14 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
6. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
7. ^ [a b c] Newlin & Bradshaw (14 april 1999). ”Petaurista petaurista” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Petaurista_petaurista/. Läst 25 november 2015.

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Rödbrun jätteflygekorre.
  Bilder & media
• Wikispecies har information om Petaurista petaurista.
  Artförteckning

Sóc bay khổng lồ đỏ, tên khoa học Petaurista petaurista, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Pallas mô tả năm 1766.^[2] Chúng được tìm thấy ở Afghanistan, Bắc Ấn Độ và Pakistan, Quần đảo Java, Đài Loan, Sri Lanka, một phần Borneo. Một số ghi nhận xuất hiện ờ Peninsular Malaysia, Penang, Quần đảo Tioman và Singapore.^[3] Loài này cũng được ghi nhận từ nhiều địa phương trong cả Sabah và Sarawak, đến 900m trên núi Kinabalu, không bao gồm các phạm vi của P. p. nigrescens, mà chỉ được biết đến từ những khu rừng xung quanh Sandakan Bay bắc sông Kinabatangan.^[4]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo

• Thorington, R. W. Jr. and R. S. Hoffman. 2005. Family Sciuridae. pp. 754–818 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
• Phương tiện liên quan tới Petaurista petaurista tại Wikimedia Commons

Bài viết liên quan đến Họ Sóc này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.

• x
• t
• s

• 1 Распространение
• 2 Внешний вид и строение
• 3 Экология и среда обитания
• 4 Размножение
• 5 Примечания

棕鼯鼠（学名：Petaurista petaurista）为松鼠科鼯鼠属的动物。分布于台湾岛以及中国大陆的广西、云南、四川、海南、福建等地，主要生活于热带、亚热带森林。该物种的模式产地在爪哇西部。^[1]

亚种

• 棕鼯鼠台湾亚种（学名：Petaurista petaurista grandis），Swinhoe于1862年命名。分布于台湾岛等地。该物种的模式产地在台湾。^[2]
• 棕鼯鼠海南亚种（学名：Petaurista petaurista hainana），G. Allen于1925年命名。在中国大陆，分布于海南等地。该物种的模式产地在海南。^[3]
• 棕鼯鼠泰国亚种（学名：Petaurista petaurista lylei），Bonhote于1900年命名。在中国大陆，分布于云南（西部、西南部）等地。该物种的模式产地在泰国。^[4]
• 棕鼯鼠越南亚种（学名：Petaurista petaurista miloni），Bourret于1942年命名。在中国大陆，分布于云南（东南部）、广西（西南部）等地。该物种的模式产地在越南。^[5]
• 棕鼯鼠贡山亚种（学名：Petaurista petaurista nigra），Pen et Wang于1981年命名。在中国大陆，分布于云南（高黎贡山）等地。该物种的模式产地在云南贡山。^[6]
• 棕鼯鼠四川亚种（学名：Petaurista petaurista rubicundus），Howell于1927年命名。在中国大陆，分布于四川（南部）等地。该物种的模式产地在四川宜宾西北。^[7]
• 棕鼯鼠福建亚种（学名：Petaurista petaurista rufipes），G. Allen于1925年命名。在中国大陆，分布于广西、福建等地。该物种的模式产地在福建永安。^[8]

参考文献

붉은자이언트날다람쥐 또는 커먼자이언트날다람쥐(Petaurista petaurista)는 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.^[2] 남아시아 북부와 중국 남부, 동남아시아 지역에서 발견된다. 몸의 털이 진한 붉은색을 띠며 털 끝은 검고, 꼬리를 제외한 몸길이가 42cm까지 자란다. 꼬리가 길어 나무 사이를 활강할 때 안정감을 준다. 야행성 동물로 먹이는 주로 잎과 열매, 견과류이고 곤충을 먹기도 한다. 분포 지역이 넓고, 비교적 흔하게 발견되기 때문에 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)이 "관심대상종"으로 분류하고 있다.

특징

모든 다른 날다람쥐류와 마찬가지로 다리와 팔 사이에 비막 피부가 있어서 나무 사이를 활강할 수 있다. 진한 붉은색 털과 큰 눈이 특징적이다. 다른 다람쥐류와 비교하여 크며, 평균 몸길이가 42cm이고 가늘고 긴 꼬리를 갖고 있다. 검은 코와 턱, 귀 뒤, 발과 꼬리 끝 등을 제외하고, 몸 전체적으로 짙은 붉은색을 띤다.^[3]

분포

붉은자이언트날다람쥐는 아시아의 토착종으로 분포 지역은 아프가니스탄부터 인도 북부와 파키스탄을 거쳐 자와섬와 타이완이며, 스리랑카에서도 발견된다. 보르네오섬 일부 지역에서도 발견될 수 있다. 페낭과 티오만섬, 싱가포르를 포함한 말레이 반도에서도 발견된 기록이 있다.^[4] 키나바탄간 강 북쪽의 산다칸 만 주변 지역 숲에서만 알려져 있는 아종 P. p. nigrescens의 분포 지역을 제외하고, 사바와 사라왁 전역과 키나발루 산 해발 최대 900m 높이까지 많은 지역에서도 보고된다.^[5] 자이언트날다람쥐류(Petuarista sp.)는 동남아시아 종 다양성과 개체수 다양성 측면에서 다양성이 가장 높다.^[6]

아종

18종의 아종이 알려져 있다.^[2]

생태 및 습성

야생에서 먹이는 주로 침엽수 구과와 잎, 가지 등이며 계절에 따라 열매와 견과를 먹고 곤충을 먹기도 한다. 긴 거리를 활강할 수 있다. 최대 75m 또는 그 이상을 기록하기도 한다. 활강 각도는 보통 수평으로 40~60도이며, 활강 거리가 짧을 때는 경사가 가파르기도 한다. 둥지 구멍은 보통 지상에서 적어도 10m 위에 있다. 야행성동물이며, 겨울잠을 자지는 않지만 먹이를 구하기 위한 장소를 이동한다. 붉은자이언트날다람쥐는 침엽수 이차림 농장에서 서식지를 찾고, 이곳을 먹이를 구하거나 휴식 장소로 이용한다. 일몰과 자정 사이에 가장 활동적이며, 침엽수림 농장의 성체 암컷 활동 범위는 3.2ha로 추산된다.^[7] 붉은자이언트날다람쥐는 일년에 두 번 짝짓기를 하는 것으로 추정되지만 암컷은 보통 일년에 한 번 번식을 한다. 2월과 8월에 1~2마리의 새끼를 낳는다.^[8] 알맞은 서식지 파괴가 진행되는 것을 제외하고 특별한 위협 요인은 없다. 분포 지역이 넓고, 다수의 보호 지역 안에서 비교적 흔하게 발견되기 때문에 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)이 "관심대상종"의 일종으로 분류하고 있다.^[1]

각주