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Alchornea glandulosa (lat. Alchornea glandulosa) — südləyənkimilər fəsiləsinin alchornea cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Alchornea glandulosa (lat. Alchornea glandulosa) — südləyənkimilər fəsiləsinin alchornea cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Alchornea glandulosa is a tree species of the Acalyphoideae native to South America, growing in southern Brazil from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul. It is locally known as tamanqueiro, tapiá or amor seco. This gnarled tree grows preferentially in riparian forest, where it a common pioneer species growing to a height of 10–20 m. It is essentially evergreen, though in the hot austral summer months there is a more pronounced changeover of leaves, and branches are denuded to some extent.[1]
The fruit is about 8.7 mm long by 5.9 mm wide on average, and contains one round seed measuring about 4.45 mm in diameter; very rarely a second seed develops. This sticks out of an aril at the fruit's tip; when ripe, the seedcoat turns bright red and the fruit somewhat resembles that of a yew with a larger and more prominent seed. Fruit ripen in the summer months, roughly between September/October and December/January in S Brazil, and as the trees bear less leaves at that time than otherwise, the bright red fruit are easily spotted.[2]
This tree is often cut down for timber, but it is also useful as a honey plant. Also, its leaves contain compounds of medical interest. In folk medicine, Alchornea species are used to treat assorted skin diseases, diarrhea, inflammations, leprosy and rheuma.
Scientific studies have confirmed most of these effects.[3] Such as Davilla elliptica and Davilla nitida as well as Alchornea glandulosa, have properties that could be used in the treatment of peptic ulcers.[4]
Studies have also found extracts of certain species to kill off trypanosoma, some bacteria and fungi, and cancer cells; the latter properties have also been tested in A. glandulosa. Compounds of interest in A. glandulosa include the phytosterols β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, the terpenoid loliolide, the guanidine alkaloid N-1,N-2,N-3-triisopentenylguanidine, and the phenolic compound corilagin.[3]
Given the fruit's attractive color and the conspicuous display at the branch-tips, this tree appears to be distributed by birds which eat the fruit and spread the seeds. Perching birds, namely tanagers (Thraupidae), thrushes (Turdidae) and tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae), are most commonly seen to feed on the fruit. Some birds, such as the silver-beaked tanager (Ramphocelus carbo), prune off the seedcoat and eat it, discarding the seed, but most swallow the entire fruit. Species such as the swallow tanager (Tersina viridis) and the pale-breasted thrush (Turdus leucomelas), but perhaps most of all the sayaca tanager (Thraupis sayaca), appear to be particularly fond of them. Indeed, the sayaca tanager will defend richly fruiting A. glandulosa trees against similar-sized birds such as the blue dacnis (Dacnis cayana) or the red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus). It may be that at least locally, T. sayaca is crucial for the tree's reproduction and survival.[2]
A. glandulosa fruit are also significant food of certain migrant birds in their winter quarters. In particular the red-eyed vireo and the white-necked thrush (Turdus albicollis) have been noted to be fond of them, and Swainson's flycatchers (Myiarchus swainsoni) visit the trees very often too. But as it does not relish the fruits very much, the latter species is perhaps more attracted to insects living on the tree.[2]
Alchornea glandulosa is a tree species of the Acalyphoideae native to South America, growing in southern Brazil from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul. It is locally known as tamanqueiro, tapiá or amor seco. This gnarled tree grows preferentially in riparian forest, where it a common pioneer species growing to a height of 10–20 m. It is essentially evergreen, though in the hot austral summer months there is a more pronounced changeover of leaves, and branches are denuded to some extent.
The fruit is about 8.7 mm long by 5.9 mm wide on average, and contains one round seed measuring about 4.45 mm in diameter; very rarely a second seed develops. This sticks out of an aril at the fruit's tip; when ripe, the seedcoat turns bright red and the fruit somewhat resembles that of a yew with a larger and more prominent seed. Fruit ripen in the summer months, roughly between September/October and December/January in S Brazil, and as the trees bear less leaves at that time than otherwise, the bright red fruit are easily spotted.
Stigmasterol can be obtained from A. glandulosa This tree is often cut down for timber, but it is also useful as a honey plant. Also, its leaves contain compounds of medical interest. In folk medicine, Alchornea species are used to treat assorted skin diseases, diarrhea, inflammations, leprosy and rheuma.
Scientific studies have confirmed most of these effects. Such as Davilla elliptica and Davilla nitida as well as Alchornea glandulosa, have properties that could be used in the treatment of peptic ulcers.
Studies have also found extracts of certain species to kill off trypanosoma, some bacteria and fungi, and cancer cells; the latter properties have also been tested in A. glandulosa. Compounds of interest in A. glandulosa include the phytosterols β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, the terpenoid loliolide, the guanidine alkaloid N-1,N-2,N-3-triisopentenylguanidine, and the phenolic compound corilagin.
Given the fruit's attractive color and the conspicuous display at the branch-tips, this tree appears to be distributed by birds which eat the fruit and spread the seeds. Perching birds, namely tanagers (Thraupidae), thrushes (Turdidae) and tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae), are most commonly seen to feed on the fruit. Some birds, such as the silver-beaked tanager (Ramphocelus carbo), prune off the seedcoat and eat it, discarding the seed, but most swallow the entire fruit. Species such as the swallow tanager (Tersina viridis) and the pale-breasted thrush (Turdus leucomelas), but perhaps most of all the sayaca tanager (Thraupis sayaca), appear to be particularly fond of them. Indeed, the sayaca tanager will defend richly fruiting A. glandulosa trees against similar-sized birds such as the blue dacnis (Dacnis cayana) or the red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus). It may be that at least locally, T. sayaca is crucial for the tree's reproduction and survival.
A. glandulosa fruit are also significant food of certain migrant birds in their winter quarters. In particular the red-eyed vireo and the white-necked thrush (Turdus albicollis) have been noted to be fond of them, and Swainson's flycatchers (Myiarchus swainsoni) visit the trees very often too. But as it does not relish the fruits very much, the latter species is perhaps more attracted to insects living on the tree.
O tamanqueiro, tapiá ou amor seco (Alchornea glandulosa) é uma espécie de árvore da família das euforbiáceas, nativa da América do Sul, presente, por exemplo, na porção sul do Brasil desde Minas Gerais até o Rio Grande do Sul.
Esta árvore retorcida cresce preferencialmente em mata ciliar, onde uma espécie pioneira tem crescimento comum até uma altura de 10 a 20 metros. É essencialmente perenifólia, embora nos meses de verão haja uma mudança mais acentuada de folhas e os ramos fiquem desnudados até certo ponto.[1]
O fruto tem cerca de 8,7 mm de comprimento por 5,9 mm de largura em média, e contém uma semente redonda medindo cerca de 4,45 mm de diâmetro (raramente uma segunda semente se desenvolve). Ele sobressai de um aril na ponta da fruta, quando madura, o tegumento fica vermelho e as frutas se assemelham um pouco a um teixo com uma semente maior e mais proeminente. As frutas amadurecem nos meses de verão, aproximadamente entre setembro/outubro e dezembro/janeiro no sul do Brasil, e como as árvores carregam menos as folhas naquela época do que o contrário, os frutos vermelhos brilhantes são facilmente identificáveis.[2]
A espécie tem duas sub-espécies:
Américas Central e do Sul.
O tamanqueiro, tapiá ou amor seco (Alchornea glandulosa) é uma espécie de árvore da família das euforbiáceas, nativa da América do Sul, presente, por exemplo, na porção sul do Brasil desde Minas Gerais até o Rio Grande do Sul.
Esta árvore retorcida cresce preferencialmente em mata ciliar, onde uma espécie pioneira tem crescimento comum até uma altura de 10 a 20 metros. É essencialmente perenifólia, embora nos meses de verão haja uma mudança mais acentuada de folhas e os ramos fiquem desnudados até certo ponto.
O fruto tem cerca de 8,7 mm de comprimento por 5,9 mm de largura em média, e contém uma semente redonda medindo cerca de 4,45 mm de diâmetro (raramente uma segunda semente se desenvolve). Ele sobressai de um aril na ponta da fruta, quando madura, o tegumento fica vermelho e as frutas se assemelham um pouco a um teixo com uma semente maior e mais proeminente. As frutas amadurecem nos meses de verão, aproximadamente entre setembro/outubro e dezembro/janeiro no sul do Brasil, e como as árvores carregam menos as folhas naquela época do que o contrário, os frutos vermelhos brilhantes são facilmente identificáveis.
A espécie tem duas sub-espécies:
Alchornea glandulosa subsp. glandulosa Alchornea glandulosa subsp. iricurana (Casar.) SeccoAlchornea glandulosa là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Đại kích. Loài này được Poepp. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1841.[1]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Alchornea glandulosa tại Wikimedia Commons
Bài viết về phân họ Tai tượng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Alchornea glandulosa là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Đại kích. Loài này được Poepp. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1841.
