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Philoponella ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Philoponella is a genus of uloborid spiders. Like all Uloboridae, these species have no venom.

Cooperation

Some species (among them P. congregabilis and P. oweni) construct communal webs, but nevertheless do not capture prey cooperatively. However, a few species, such as P. raffrayi, are known to cooperate in prey capture. A colony of P. raffrayi is composed of individual orb-webs connected by non-adhesive silk. Its average body length is about 6 mm in females and 3 mm in males. Adult females are orange for at least a week after the final molt, and become black a few weeks later. In these colonies, Argyrodes and Portia species can also be found, acting as kleptoparasites and predators, respectively. When relatively large prey is trapped on the periphery of the colony, two females cooperate in about 10% of cases in wrapping it, which increases their chances of success about fourfold. However, only one female then feeds on this prey. Cooperative capture is similar in P. republicana, where more than two individuals may work together.[1]

Philoponella vicina uses its silk to compress and crush its prey.[2]

Distribution

Philoponella species occur pantropical in the Americas, Africa, southeastern Asia and Australia, with almost half of them found from the southern United States to northern Argentina.

Species

As of 2022, it contains 43 species:

male P. prominens
P. prominens stabilimentum

Footnotes

  1. ^ Matsumoto 1998
  2. ^ Eberhard, William G.; Barrantes, Gilbert & Weng, Ju-Lin (2006). "Tie them up tight: wrapping by Philoponella vicina spiders breaks, compresses and sometimes kills their prey". Naturwissenschaften 95(5): 251-254. doi:10.1007/s00114-006-0094-1HTML abstract
  3. ^ Babu, Nishi; Caleb, John T.D.; Jani, Maitry; Uma, Divya; Prasad, G. (2022). "On the taxonomy and distribution of the orb-weaving spider Philoponella feroka(Bradoo, 1979) n. comb. from India (Araneae, Uloboridae)". Zootaxa. 5087 (3): 497–500. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5087.3.8. PMID 35391274. S2CID 248025552.

References

  • Tamerlan Thorell (1895). Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma
  • Opell, B.D. (1987). "The new species Philoponella herediae and its modified orb-web (Araneae, Uloboridae)". J. Arachnol. 15: 59-63. PDF
  • Matsumoto, Toshiya (1998). "Cooperative prey capture in the communal web spider, Philoponella raffray (Araneae, Uloboridae)". Journal of Arachnology 26: 392-396. PDF
  • Grismado, Christian J. (2004). "Two new species of the genus Philoponella from Brazil and Argentina (Araneae, Uloboridae)". Iheringia, Sér. Zool. 94(1): 105-109. PDF
  • Platnick, Norman I. (2008). The world spider catalog, version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History.
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Philoponella: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Philoponella is a genus of uloborid spiders. Like all Uloboridae, these species have no venom.

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Philoponella ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Philoponella est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Uloboridae[1].

Distribution

Les espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Amérique, en Asie, en Océanie et en Afrique subsaharienne[1].

Liste des espèces

Selon World Spider Catalog (version 23.0, 22/02/2022)[2] :

Systématique et taxinomie

Ce genre a été décrit par Mello-Leitão en 1917 comme un sous-genre d'Uloborus. Il est élevé au rang de genre par Lehtinen en 1967[3].

Ponella[4] a été placée en synonymie par Grismado en 2004[5].

Publication originale

  • Mello-Leitão, 1917 : « Generos e especies novas de araneidos. » Archivos da Escola. Superior de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinária, vol. 1, p. 3-19.

Notes et références

  1. a et b WSC, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. WSC, consulté le version 23.0, 22/02/2022
  3. Lehtinen, 1967 : « Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. » Annales Zoologici Fennici, vol. 4, p. 199-468.
  4. Opell, 1979 : « Revision of the genera and tropical American species of the spider family Uloboridae. » Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. 148, p. 443-549 (texte intégral).
  5. Grismado, 2004 : « Two new species of the spider genus Conifaber Opell 1982 from Argentina and Paraguay, with notes on their relationships (Araneae, Uloboridae). » Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, vol. 9, p. 291-306 (texte intégral).
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Philoponella: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Philoponella est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Uloboridae.

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Philoponella ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

Philoponella is een geslacht van spinnen uit de familie van de wielwebkaardespinnen (Uloboridae).

Soorten

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Philoponella: Brief Summary ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

Philoponella is een geslacht van spinnen uit de familie van de wielwebkaardespinnen (Uloboridae).

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Philoponella ( الرومانية، المولدوفية )

المقدمة من wikipedia RO

Philoponella este un gen de păianjeni neveninoși din familia Uloboridae.

Descriere

Lungimea medie a corpului este de aproximativ 6 mm pentru femele și de 3 mm pentru masculi. Femelele adulte sunt de culoare portocalie, pentru cel puțin o săptămână după năpârlirea finală, apoi devin negre.

Modul de viață

Unele specii (Philoponella congregabilis și Philoponella oweni) construiesc pânze comune, însă, cu toate acestea, nu-și captură prada prin cooperarea reciprocă. Altele specii, de exemplu Philoponella raffrayi, din contra vânează prada prin cooperare. O colonie de Philoponella raffrayi este compusă din pânze individuale conectat prin fire de mătase nelipicioasă. În aceste colonii, specii de păianjeni din alte genuri Argyrodes și Portia (păianjen)Portia sunt în calitate de paraziți, hrănindu-se cu alimente furate de la aceștia, și prădători. Dacă prada prinsă în pânză este relativ mare, atunci două femele cooperează, în aproximativ 10% din cazuri, pentru a acoperi victima cu mătase. În așa fel, succesul lor crește de patru ori. Cooperativitate în vânat este similară cu cea a Philoponella republicana, în acest cazul mai multi indivizi pot lucra împreună[1].

Răspândire

Speciie din genul Philoponella se întâlnesc în cele două Americi, Africa, Asia și Australia de Sud-Est.

Specii

 src=
Philoponella prominens, mascul
 src=
Philoponella prominens, pânză custabilimentum

Note

  1. ^ Matsumoto 1998

Referințe

  • Opell, B.D. (1987): The new species Philoponella herediae and its modified orb-web (Araneae, Uloboridae). J. Arachnol. 15: 59-63. PDF
  • Matsumoto, Toshiya (1998): Cooperative prey capture in the communal web spider, Philoponella raffray (Araneae, Uloboridae). Journal of Arachnology 26: 392-396. PDF
  • Grismado, Christian J. (2004): Two new species of the genus Philoponella from Brazil and Argentina (Araneae, Uloboridae). Iheringia, Sér. Zool. 94(1): 105-109. PDF
  • Platnick, Norman I. (2008): The world spider catalog, version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History.
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Legături externe

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Philoponella: Brief Summary ( الرومانية، المولدوفية )

المقدمة من wikipedia RO

Philoponella este un gen de păianjeni neveninoși din familia Uloboridae.

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Philoponella ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Philoponella là một chi nhện trong họ Uloboridae.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Norman I. Platnick. “The World Spider Catalog, Version 13.5”. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


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Philoponella: Brief Summary ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Philoponella là một chi nhện trong họ Uloboridae.

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