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Troglodiplura is a genus of Australian Anamidae spiders. Formerly monotypic, in 2020, four new species were added to the genus.[2][3] The genus and type species, Troglodiplura lowryi, were first described by Barbara York Main in 1969. The genus has only been found in Australia,[1][4] within the caves of the Nullarbor Plain.[2]
The genus is considered one of the worlds most troglomorphic spiders with every species known lacking eyes and having elongated appendages.[2] Troglodiplura differs from other genera in the Anamidae family by having an almost round carapace, by having no eyes, and by the male's having a longer palpal tarsus.[2]
T. lowryi is listed as "Vulnerable" under the Western Australian Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. However, this assessment was prior to the work of Mark Harvey and Michael Rix who state that all species of Troglodiplura would qualify as "Endangered" or "Critically Endangered" under IUCN Criterion B (‘Geographic Range’). Additionally, some Nullarbor caves are experiencing major threats from human activities, with speleological features being damaged; animals and their homes being trampled and altered hydrological regimes due to changes in surface vegetation communities, and groundwater pollution.[2]
As of October 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:[1]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) Troglodiplura is a genus of Australian Anamidae spiders. Formerly monotypic, in 2020, four new species were added to the genus. The genus and type species, Troglodiplura lowryi, were first described by Barbara York Main in 1969. The genus has only been found in Australia, within the caves of the Nullarbor Plain.
The genus is considered one of the worlds most troglomorphic spiders with every species known lacking eyes and having elongated appendages. Troglodiplura differs from other genera in the Anamidae family by having an almost round carapace, by having no eyes, and by the male's having a longer palpal tarsus.
Troglodiplura est un genre d'araignées mygalomorphes de la famille des Anamidae[1].
Les espèces de ce genre sont endémiques d'Australie[1]. Elles se rencontrent dans des grottes de la plaine de Nullarbor en Australie-Occidentale et en Australie-Méridionale.
Selon World Spider Catalog (version 21.5, 16/11/2020)[2] :
Troglodiplura est un genre d'araignées mygalomorphes de la famille des Anamidae.
Troglodiplura Main, 1969 è un genere di ragni appartenente alla famiglia Anamidae.
Le specie di questo genere hanno abitudini cavernicole.
Le 5 specie note sono state rinvenute in Australia occidentale (grotte di Nullarbor Plain) e meridionale[1]
Le caratteristiche di questo genere sono state descritte sulla base degli esemplari di T. lowryi, Main, 1969; trasferito alla famiglia Nemesiidae Simon, 1889, a seguito di uno studio dell'aracnologo Raven (1985a), pochi anni dopo è ritornato nella famiglia Dipluridae in base ad un altro lavoro della Main (1993b)[1].
A seguito di un recente lavoro degli aracnologi Harvey et al., 2020, il genere da monospecifico è passato a contenere 5 specie ed è stato trasferito dalla famiglia Dipluridae alla nuova famiglia Anamidae[1].
Attualmente, a novembre 2020, si compone di 5 specie[1]:
