dcsimg

Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
The Research Project Summary Effects of surface fires in a mixed red and
eastern white pine stand in Michigan
provides information on prescribed
fire and postfire response of plant community species, including
partridgeberry, that was not available when this species review was written.
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Common Names ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
partridgeberry
two-eyed berry
running-fox
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Description ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: drupe, fruit, vine

Partridgeberry is a creeping, rhizomatous, evergreen, woody vine up to
1.5 feet (50 cm) tall. It roots at the nodes and often forms loose
mats. The flowers are borne in axillary, single stalks at the tip of
the branchlets. The fruit is a drupe containing eight seeds
[11,19,22,24].
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Distribution ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Partridgeberry is widely distributed throughout the eastern United
States. It ranges from Newfoundland south to central Florida and from
southern Ontario and Minnesota south to eastern Texas [4,5,22,24,31].
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Fire Ecology ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: fire regime, litter, seed, vines

Partridgeberry is not well adapted to fire. The rhizomes are usually in
the litter layer and not well protected from fire [6,18]. However,
protected and underground rhizomes probably sprout following fire.
Partridgeberry probably colonizes burned area by animal-dispersed seed
or by trailing vines, but these regeneration strategies have not been
documented in the literature.

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

More info for the term: hemicryptophyte

Hemicryptophyte
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Habitat characteristics ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: mesic

Partridgeberry grows on a variety of sites but generally prefers mildly
acidic, well-drained mesic soils [1,17] It grows on leached banks,
shaded sandstone ledges, and mossy hammocks and bogs [4,10,11].

In addition to those identified under Distribution and Occurrence,
common associates of partridgeberry include red mulberry (Morus rubra),
strawberry-bush (Euonymus americanus), Carolina silverberry (Halesia
carolina), southern black-haw (Viburnum prunifolium), devil's
walkingstick (Aralia spinosa), Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus
quinquefolia), Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense), yaupon (Ilex
vomitoria), huckleberry (Gaylussacia spp.), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.),
hickory (Carya spp.), grape (Vitis spp.), wintergreen (Gaultheria
procumbens), and fetterbush (Lyonia ferruginea) [3,4,16,26]. A complete
list of trees associated with partridgeberry would include a majority of
trees growing in the eastern United States.
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Habitat: Cover Types ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

More info for the term: hardwood

14 Northern pin oak
17 Pin cherry
19 Gray birch - red maple
20 White pine - northern red oak - red maple
21 Eastern white pine
22 White pine - hemlock
23 Eastern hemlock
25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
28 Black cherry - maple
31 Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
43 Bear oak
44 Chestnut oak
51 White pine - chestnut oak
52 White oak - black oak - northern red oak
53 White oak
55 Northern red oak
59 Yellow-poplar - white oak - northern red oak
60 Beech - sugar maple
62 Silver maple - American elm
64 Sassafras - persimmon
80 Loblolly pine - shortleaf pine
82 Loblolly pine - hardwood
83 Longleaf pine - slash pine
93 Sugarberry - American elm - green ash
97 Atlantic white-cedar
108 Red maple
110 Black oak
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Habitat: Ecosystem ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES12 Longleaf - slash pine
FRES13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine
FRES14 Oak - pine
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES16 Oak - gum - cypress
FRES17 Elm - ash - cottonwood
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Habitat: Plant Associations ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the term: forest

K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
K097 Southeastern spruce - fir forest
K100 Oak - hickory forest
K101 Elm - ash forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K104 Appalachian oak forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
K111 Oak - hickory - pine forest
K112 Southern mixed forest
K113 Southern floodplain forest
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Immediate Effect of Fire ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: top-kill

Most fires probably top-kill partridgeberry, and severe fires may kill
the plant.
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: fruit

The fruit of partridgeberry is eaten by ruffed grouse, northern
bobwhite, sharp-tailed grouse, and prairie chicken. The fruit is also
frequently eaten by raccoons and red fox [5,28]. Keegan [13] reported
that partridgeberry made up 2.9 to 3.4 percent (dry weight) of the
summer and fall diets of white-tailed deer.
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Key Plant Community Associations ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: climax, forest

Partridgeberry is part of the climax undergrowth vegetation in several
forest communities in the eastern United States. It is not an indicator
or dominant species in any habitat types [12,16,21,26].
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Life Form ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: shrub

Shrub
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Occurrence in North America ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
AL AR CT DE FL GA IL IN IA KS
KY ME MD MA MI MN MS MO NH NJ
NY NC OH OK PA SC TN TX VT VA
WV WI NB NF NS ON PQ
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Other uses and values ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Partridgeberry has been planted as an ornamental in several parts of its
range [2]. In Newfoundland, the berry is made into jam and sold
commercially [15].
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Phenology ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

More info for the term: fruit

Partridgeberry flowers between April and June, and often again in
autumn. The fruit ripens between July and October, and often persists
throughout the year [3,10,28].
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Plant Response to Fire ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: density, frequency

Partridgeberry's response to fire is not well documented. Reports in
the literature suggest that it is a fire decreaser, although postfire
density, frequency, or growth rates for partridgeberry were not given
[9,23,29,30].
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Post-fire Regeneration ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: rhizome

Rhizomatous low woody plant, rhizome in organic mantle
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Regeneration Processes ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: seed

Although partridgeberry is a seed producer, information regarding its
propagation by seed is scant. The primary mode of reproduction is
vegetative [3].
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Successional Status ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

More info for the term: climax

Facultative Seral Species

Partridgeberry is a shade tolerant, mid- to late-seral species. It is a
component of climax forests in the eastern United States [3,16,26].
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Taxonomy ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name for partridgeberry is Mitchella
repens L. [5,10]. There are no recognized subspecies, varieties, or
forms.
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Mitchella repens. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Patriesbeze ( Nds Nl )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
Bloemen en n beze
 src=
De bezen

De patriesbeze (Latien: Mitchella repens) is de bekendste plaante uut t geslacht Mitchella. t Is n krupende kruudachtige en houterige dwargstruke die van nature veurkömp in Noord-Amerika en Japan. De struke beheurt tot de steernblaojigenfamilie (Rubiaceae). Mitchella repens is een van de veule soorten die as eerst beschreven wördden deur Carolus Linnaeus. t Plaantjen wördden deur verschillende indianenstammen gebruukt veur klachten die mit name van doon hadden mit de mannelike en vrouwelike geslachtsdelen.

Umschrieving

De patriesbeze is n greunblievende plaante die niet hoger wörden as 6 sentimeter, en hef krupende takken die 15 tot 30 sentimeter lange wörden. De greunblievende, donkergreune en glanzende blaojen bin ovaal tot hartvormig. De bladsteel is kort, en de blaojen staon in paoren tegenover mekaar. An t einde van de veurjaor krig t witte bloemetjes. Der zitten der twee tegelieke an n kelkblad, allebeie de bloemen hebben vier meeldraojen en n stamper, in de ene bloeme is de stamper groot en de meeldraojen klein, in de aandere bloeme is t krek aandersumme. Dit veurkömp dat de plaante zichzelf bevrucht. De twee bloemen vormen samen sarres n glanzende rooie beze, die de hele wienter an de struke kan blieven zitten tot de volgende bleui. De bezen bin tussen juli en oktober riepe, en bin eetbaor. In elke patriesbeze zitten ongeveer acht zaojen, de oogst is nooit alderbarstends veule. An de bezen zit niet barstends veule smaak, en lik n bietjen op n veenbeze, daorumme wörden t meestentieds verwarkt, in bieveurbeeld sjem en taarten. De bezen wörden egeten deur verschillende voegelsoorten, vossen, witvootmuzen en stinkdieren. t Blad wörden soms egeten deur witstartharten.

Verspreiding

De patriesbeze kömp in t oosten van Noord-Amerika veur, van oost-Kanada tot an Florida en Texas, en Guatemala. t Greuit in dreuge of vochtige bossen, langes oevers en zaanderige hellingen.

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Wikipedia authors and editors
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia emerging languages

Patriesbeze: Brief Summary ( Nds Nl )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages
 src= Bloemen en n beze  src= De bezen

De patriesbeze (Latien: Mitchella repens) is de bekendste plaante uut t geslacht Mitchella. t Is n krupende kruudachtige en houterige dwargstruke die van nature veurkömp in Noord-Amerika en Japan. De struke beheurt tot de steernblaojigenfamilie (Rubiaceae). Mitchella repens is een van de veule soorten die as eerst beschreven wördden deur Carolus Linnaeus. t Plaantjen wördden deur verschillende indianenstammen gebruukt veur klachten die mit name van doon hadden mit de mannelike en vrouwelike geslachtsdelen.

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Wikipedia authors and editors
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia emerging languages

Mitchella repens ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Mitchella repens (partridge berry,[1][2][3][4] or squaw vine (no longer used)) is the best known plant in the genus Mitchella. It is a creeping prostrate herbaceous woody shrub occurring in North America belonging to the madder family (Rubiaceae).

Naming

Mitchella repens is one of the many species first described by Carl Linnaeus. Its species name is the Latin adjective repens, which means "creeping". Common names for Mitchella repens include partridge berry (or partridgeberry), squaw berry (no longer used), two-eyed berry, running fox, and Noon kie oo nah yeah (in the Mohawk language).

Description

The partridge berry is an evergreen plant growing as a non-climbing vine, no taller than 6 cm tall with creeping stems 15 to 30 cm long. The evergreen, dark green, shiny leaves are ovate to cordate in shape. The leaves have a pale yellow midrib. The petioles are short, and the leaves are paired oppositely on the stems. Adventitious roots may grow at the nodes;[5] and rooting stems may branch and root repeatedly, producing loose spreading mats.

The small, trumpet-shaped, axillary flowers are produced in pairs, and each flower pair arises from one common calyx which is covered with fine hairs. Each flower has four white petals, one pistil, and four stamens. Partridge berry is a distylous taxon. The plants have flowers with either long pistils and short stamens (long-styled flowers, called pins) or short pistils and long stamens (short-styled flowers, called thrums).[6] The two style morphs are genetically determined, so the pollen from one morph does not fertilize the other morph, resulting in a form of heteromorphic self-incompatibility.[7]

Partridge berry (Mitchella repens)
Foliage, inflorescence, and unopened blossom
Berries

The ovaries of the twin flowers fuse together, so that there are two flowers for each berry. The two bright red spots on each berry are vestiges of this process. The fruit ripens between July and October, and may persist through the winter. The fruit is a drupe containing up to eight seeds. The fruits are never abundant. They may be part of the diets of several birds, such as ruffed grouse, sharp-tailed grouse, northern bobwhite, and wild turkey. They are also consumed by foxes, white-footed mice, and skunks.[8][9] The foliage is occasionally consumed by white-tailed deer.[10]

The common reproduction is vegetative, with plants forming spreading colonies.[11]

Distribution and habitat

The species is dispersed throughout eastern North America, from south Eastern Canada south to Florida and Texas, and to Guatemala. It is found growing in dry or moist woods, along stream banks and on sandy slopes.

Cultivation and uses

Mitchella repens is cultivated for its ornamental red berries and shiny, bright green foliage.[11] It is grown as a creeping ground cover in shady locations. It is rarely propagated for garden use by way of seeds but cuttings are easy.[12] The plants have been widely collected for Christmas decorations, and over collecting has impacted some local populations negatively.[11] First Nations women made a tea from the leaves and berries that was consumed during childbirth.[11] The plants are sometimes grown in terrariums.[13] The scarlet berries are edible[14] but rather tasteless, with a faint flavour of wintergreen, resembling cranberries (to which they are not closely related). Vaccinium vitis-idaea may be referred to by the same common name, "Newfoundland Partridgeberry" or "lingonberry" but is a different species.

References

  1. ^ Peterson, Roger Tory, and McKenny, Margaret (1996). A Field Guide to Wildflowers of Northeastern and North-central North America. ISBN 978-0-395-91172-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ MacKenzie, David, S (2002). Perennial Ground Covers. ISBN 978-0-88192-557-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Hutchens, Alma R (1969). Indian Herbalogy of North America. ISBN 978-0-87773-639-4.
  4. ^ Hall, Joan Houston (2002). Dictionary of American Regional English. Harvard University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-674-00884-7. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
  5. ^ Nathaniel Lord Britton; Addison Brown (1913). An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. C. Scribner's sons. pp. 255. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
  6. ^ Reproductive Biology of Distylous Partridgeberry, Mitchella repens. David J. Hicks, Robert Wyatt and Thomas R. Meagher Vol. 72, No. 10 (Oct., 1985), pp. 1503-1514 Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2443300
  7. ^ Fecundity in Distylous and Self-Incompatible Homostylous Plants of Mitchella repens (Rubiaceae) Fred R. Ganders Vol. 29, No. 1 (Mar., 1975), pp. 186-188 Published by: Society for the Study of Evolution Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2407152
  8. ^ Alexander Campbell Martin; Herbert Spencer Zim; Arnold L. Nelson (1951). American wildlife & plants: a guide to wildlife food habits; the use of trees, shrubs, weeds, and herbs by birds and mammals of the United States. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 361–. ISBN 978-0-486-20793-3. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
  9. ^ Marie Harrison (30 March 2006). Groundcovers for the South. Pineapple Press Inc. pp. 76–. ISBN 978-1-56164-347-9. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
  10. ^ James Howard Miller; Karl V. Miller (May 2005). Forest plants of the Southeast and their wildlife uses. University of Georgia Press. pp. 280–. ISBN 978-0-8203-2748-8. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  11. ^ a b c d Wolfram George Schmid (13 September 2002). An encyclopedia of shade perennials. Timber Press. pp. 243–. ISBN 978-0-88192-549-4. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
  12. ^ William Cullina (18 March 2000). New England Wildflower Society guide to growing and propagating wildflowers of the United States and Canada. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 148–. ISBN 978-0-395-96609-9. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
  13. ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - the University of Texas at Austin".
  14. ^ Angier, Bradford (1974). Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 162. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.
ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Wikipedia authors and editors
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia EN

Mitchella repens: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Mitchella repens (partridge berry, or squaw vine (no longer used)) is the best known plant in the genus Mitchella. It is a creeping prostrate herbaceous woody shrub occurring in North America belonging to the madder family (Rubiaceae).

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Wikipedia authors and editors
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia EN

Mitchella repens ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Mitchella repens, en français Pain-de-perdrix, Mitchella rampant ou Mitchelle rampante, est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Rubiaceae. C'est une plante rampante herbacée ou semi-ligneuse, endémique en Amérique du Nord, parfois plantée comme couvre-sol pour ses baies rouges ornementales.

Caractéristiques

C'est une plante vivace qui rampe au sol, pas plus haute que 5 à 10 cm. Les tiges peuvent atteindre 15 à 30 cm de long. Les feuilles sont persistantes, vert foncé et luisantes. Elles sont de forme ovale à cordiforme. Le diamètre des feuilles varie entre 0,5 cm et 2,5 cm. La nervure médiane de la feuille a une couleur jaune pâle. Les pétioles sont courts et parfois pubescents et les feuilles sont opposées sur les tiges. Des racines adventives peuvent croître aux nœuds[2],[3].

Les fleurs poussent en paires, d'un calice commun couvert de poils fins. Chaque fleur a quatre pétales blancs ou rose pâle, un pistil et quatre étamines. Elles sont parfumées[3]. Les plantes ont soit des fleurs avec de longs pistils et des étamines courtes, ou de courts pistils et des longues étamines[4]. Les deux styles sont génétiquement déterminés, de sorte que le pollen de l'un ne fertilise pas l'autre (auto-incompatibilité hétéromorphe)[5]. La floraison est printanière.

 src=
Illustration botanique de Mitchella repens.
 src=
Feuillage, inflorescence, et bouton floral.
 src=
Baies.

Les ovaires des fleurs jumelles fusionnent, formant une seule drupe rouge de moins de 1 cm de diamètre[3]. Deux point rouges brillants restent comme marque de ce processus. Le fruit devient mûr entre juillet et octobre et persiste durant l'hiver. Le fruit contient jusqu'à huit graines. Les fruits ne sont jamais abondants. Ils peuvent être consommés par certains oiseaux, renards, souris et putois[6],[7]. Les feuilles sont occasionnellement consommées par le cerf de Virginie[8].

Taxonomie et classification

Mitchella repens est une des nombreuses espèces d'abord décrites par Carl von Linné. Son nom vient de l'adjectif latin repens, qui signifie « rampant ».

Ce taxon porte en français les noms vernaculaires ou normalisés suivants : Pain-de-perdrix[9], Mitchella rampant[9], Mitchelle rampante[9].

Mitchella repens a pour synonymes[9] :

  • Disperma repens J.F.Gmel.
  • Mitchella repens f. leucocarpa Bissell
  • Mitchella repens f. repens
  • Mitchella repens var. alba Beal
  • Perdicesca repens (L.) Prov.
  • Perdicesea repens (L.) Prov.

Écologie

L'espèce pousse dans l'est de l'Amérique du Nord, du sud-est du Canada à la Floride, au Texas et au Guatemala. Elle tapisse le sol dans les forêts mixtes, croissant souvent sur les tapis de mousses (Bryophytes). Elle pousse aussi le long des cours d'eau ou sur des pentes sableuses[3].

Utilisations

Mitchella repens est cultivée pour ses baies rouges ornementales et son feuillage vert brillant, comme couvre-sol dans des endroits ombragés. Le bouturage est facile[10]. Une certaine collecte pour décoration de Noël a eu un impact sur la population sauvage. Les autochtones d'Amérique du Nord faisaient du thé de ses feuilles, et les baies étaient consommées par les mères à l'accouchement. Les baies écarlates sont comestibles mais de peu de goût. Ne pas confondre avec Vaccinium vitis-idaea.

Notes et références

  1. MNHN & OFB [Ed]. 2003-présent. Inventaire national du patrimoine naturel (INPN), Site web : https://inpn.mnhn.fr, consulté le 11 juin 2021
  2. (en) Nathaniel Lord Britton et Addison Brown, An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian, C. Scribner's sons, 1913, 255– p. (lire en ligne)
  3. a b c et d (en) Michael Dirr, Manual of woody landscape plants : their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses, Stipes Pub, 1998 (ISBN 0-87563-800-7, 978-0-87563-800-3 et 0-87563-795-7, OCLC , lire en ligne)
  4. Reproductive Biology of Distylous Partridgeberry, Mitchella repens. David J. Hicks, Robert Wyatt and Thomas R. Meagher Vol. 72, No. 10 (Oct., 1985), p. 1503-1514 Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2443300
  5. Fecundity in Distylous and Self-Incompatible Homostylous Plants of Mitchella repens (Rubiaceae) Fred R. Ganders Vol. 29, No. 1 (Mar., 1975), p. 186-188 Published by: Society for the Study of Evolution Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2407152
  6. (en) Alexander Campbell Martin, Herbert Spencer Zim et Arnold L. Nelson, American wildlife & plants : a guide to wildlife food habits; the use of trees, shrubs, weeds, and herbs by birds and mammals of the United States, Courier Dover Publications, 1951, 361– p. (ISBN 978-0-486-20793-3, lire en ligne)
  7. (en) Marie Harrison, Groundcovers for the South, Pineapple Press Inc, 30 mars 2006, 76– p. (ISBN 978-1-56164-347-9, lire en ligne)
  8. (en) James Howard Miller et Karl V. Miller, Forest plants of the Southeast and their wildlife uses, University of Georgia Press, mai 2005, 280– p. (ISBN 978-0-8203-2748-8, lire en ligne)
  9. a b c et d GBIF Secretariat. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org, consulté le 11 juin 2021
  10. (en) William Cullina, New England Wildflower Society guide to growing and propagating wildflowers of the United States and Canada, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 18 mars 2000, 148– p. (ISBN 978-0-395-96609-9, lire en ligne)

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia FR

Mitchella repens: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Mitchella repens, en français Pain-de-perdrix, Mitchella rampant ou Mitchelle rampante, est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Rubiaceae. C'est une plante rampante herbacée ou semi-ligneuse, endémique en Amérique du Nord, parfois plantée comme couvre-sol pour ses baies rouges ornementales.

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia FR

Mitchella repens ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Mitchella repens là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Thiến thảo. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Mitchella repens. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ thực vật Rubioideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia VI

Mitchella repens: Brief Summary ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Mitchella repens là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Thiến thảo. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.

ترخيص
cc-by-sa-3.0
حقوق النشر
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
wikipedia VI