Murina florium Thomas 1908

El ratpenat nassut de Flores (Murina florium) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels vespertiliònids que es troba a Austràlia, Indonèsia i Papua Nova Guinea.

Referències

• Wilson, D. E. i Reeder, D. M.: Mammal Species of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press Washington DC (Estats Units), 2005.

Enllaços externs

• Fordham et al. (2006). Ratpenat nassut de Flores. Llista Vermella de la UICN, Unió Internacional per a la Conservació de la Natura, 2006. Consultat el 30 desembre 2007 (en anglès). (anglès)
• Distribució mundial d'aquesta espècie. (anglès)

The flute-nosed bat (Murina florium) is a vespertilionid bat with an unusually shaped nose, the tubular nostrils facing outward from the end of the muzzle. They occur in the north of the Australian state of Queensland, in Indonesia, and on Papua New Guinea.

Description

The pelt is thick and hair is long, mid-grey at the front and reddish or brownish grey across the back; fur also extends to the interfemoral membrane across the tail. The species is distinguished by nostrils that face away from each other, turned out from the tip of the snout. The rear margin of the ear is notched toward the base. The tragus is comparatively small, and slight in form, the overall shape of the ear structure is broadly round.^[2]

The measurements for the species are forearm 33 to 36 millimetres, the head and body combined are 47 to 57 mm, tibia 31 to 37 mm, length from base to tip of ear is 14 to 15 mm. The weight ranges from 6 to 9 grams, the average is 8.4 grams.^[2]

The wing structure and shape allows the bat to fly slowly or hover in the air. It is also reputed to be employed as an umbrella while roosting. They utter a contact call while in flight, a drawn out whistle that high in pitch and volume.^[2]

Taxonomy

The first description was published by Oldfield Thomas in 1908. The type specimen was collected Flores, one of the Sunda Islands.^[3]

Several subspecies are named, although poorly delimited, based on the description that Thomas gave in 1910 for a new species Murina lanosa and another population as Murina toxopei.^[4][3] The threes taxa are:

• species Murina florium Thomas, 1908
  • subspecies Murina florium florium
  • subspecies M. florium lanosa Thomas, 1910
  • subspecies M. florium toxopei Thomas, 1923

The interspecific relationships of the genus has seen this species allied to a subgenus Murina (Murina) Gray, 1842. The common names have included Flores tube-nosed bat, flute-nosed bat and tube-nosed insectivorous bat.^[5][2][1] A collection of a specimen at Kutini-Payamu (Iron Range) National Park was noted as smaller and perhaps a separate species.^[2]

Distribution and habitat

The species is distributed across a range of Indonesian islands to New Guinea and at the north eastern cape of Australia. The recorded localities include the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Seram, and Bismarck Archipelago near New Guinea.^[3]

Found in the north-eastern forest of the Australian continent, restricted to rainforest and associated wet sclerophyll forest, between altitudes of 200 and 1000 metres asl.^[2] Murina florium is recorded in a narrow range along the coast, south of Cooktown at Shipton Flat to the town of Paluma, Queensland.^[2]

The species is observed foraging in the higher canopy of forest, and descending to the mid-storey while seeking prey. The fluttering manner of flying allows them to navigate through the mid and upper storey of the vegetation while investigate the foliage. The mode of hunting used by species M. florium is gleaning, searching surfaces for prey, in this case arthropods discovered on the taller plants in their wetter forest environ.. They retire to foliage, hanging under a leafy branch or occupying a bird nest, those of scrub or fernwrens, which dangle from the trees.^[2]

References

Murina florium es una especie de murciélago de la familia Vespertilionidae.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en Australia, Indonesia y Papúa Nueva Guinea.

Referencias

• HUTSON, T.; SCHLITTER, D.; CSORBA, G.; BONACCORSO, F.; HALL, L. 2008. Murina florium. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Bibliografía

• SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.

Murina florium Murina generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Murininae azpifamilia eta Vespertilionidae familian sailkatuta dago

Erreferentziak

• 'Murina florium'ri buruzko informazioa Mammals of The World datubasean

Ikus, gainera

• Vespertilionidae

Murina florium (Thomas, 1908) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Vespertilionidi diffuso in Indonesia, Australia e Nuova Guinea.^[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 38 e 57 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 33 e 36,9 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 31 e 39 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 7,6 e 9 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 10,6 e 15 mm e un peso fino a 9 g.^[3]

Aspetto

La pelliccia è lunga, densa e lanosa. Le parti dorsali variano dal bruno-rossastro al bruno-grigiastro, mentre le parti ventrali sono grigie. Il muso è stretto, allungato, con le narici protuberanti e tubulari. Gli occhi sono molto piccoli. Le orecchie sono ovali, ben separate e con un profondo incavo sul bordo posteriore. Il trago è lanceolato. I piedi sono piccoli e ricoperti di peli. La coda è lunga ed inclusa completamente nell'ampio uropatagio, il quale è densamente ricoperto di peli. Il calcar è lungo.

Biologia

Comportamento

Si rifugia solitariamente o in piccoli gruppi tra il fogliame, negli edifici e nelle grotte.

Alimentazione

Si nutre di insetti.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa nelle Piccole Isole della Sonda, Sulawesi, Molucche, Papua Nuova Guinea, Arcipelago delle Bismarck e nel Queensland.

Vive nelle foreste pluviali, boschi di sclerofille secchi ed umidi tra 400 e 2.800 metri di altitudine.

Tassonomia

Sono state riconosciute 3 sottospecie:

• M.f.florium: Flores, Sumbawa, Sulawesi settentrionale e sud-orientale, Buton, Kabaena, Peleng:
• M.f.lanosa (Thomas, 1910): Nuova Guinea, Nuova Britannia, Umboi, Queensland nord-orientale;
• M.f.toxopei (Thomas, 1923): Ambon, Bacan, Buru, Seram, Goram.

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, la presenza in diverse aree protette, la tolleranza al degrado ambientale e la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa, classifica M.florium come specie a rischio minimo (LC).^[1]

Note

Bibliografia

• Tim F. Flannery, Mammals of New Guinea, Cornell University Press, 1995, ISBN 9780801431494.
• Tim F. Flannery, Mammals of the South-West Pacific and Moluccan Islands, Cornell University Press, 1995, ISBN 9780801431500.
• Frank J. Bonaccorso, Bats of Papua New Guinea, Conservation International, 1998, ISBN 9781881173267.
• Peter Menkhorst & Frank Knight, A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Oxford University Press, USA, 2001, ISBN 9780195508703.

Murina florium is een vleermuis uit het geslacht Murina die voorkomt van Celebes en de Kleine Soenda-eilanden tot Nieuw-Guinea en Noordoost-Australië. Rondom Nieuw-Guinea is de soort gevangen op Ambon, Batjan, Buru, Ceram, Gorong, Umboi en de Bismarck-archipel. In Australië is de soort pas in 1981 voor het eerst gevonden; dit dier leeft daar in bossen op 200 tot 1000 m hoogte tussen Shiptons Flat en Paluma in Noordoost-Queensland. Er worden drie ondersoorten erkend, florium Thomas, 1906, lanosa Thomas, 1910 en toxopei Thomas, 1923, maar hun verspreidingen en afgrenzingen zijn onduidelijk.

Deze kleine vleermuis heeft net als andere Murina-soorten opvallende buisvormige, naar buiten wijzende neusgaten. De oren zijn breed en rond. De lange, dichte vacht is aan de bovenkant van het lichaam rood- tot grijsbruin en aan de onderkant grijs. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 41 tot 50 mm, de staartlengte 31 tot 39 mm, de voorarmlengte 33 tot 36 mm, de oorlengte 12 tot 15 mm en het gewicht 4 tot 9 g.

Dit dier slaapt tussen dichte vegetatie of in oude vogelnesten. M. florium leeft van geleedpotigen, die van bomen af worden gegraaid. Misschien eet hij ook nectar. De vlucht is langzaam en fladderend. De uitwerpselen worden opgevangen in het staartmembraan en daarna opgegeten.

Literatuur

• Flannery, T.F. 1995. Mammals of New Guinea. Chatswood, New South Wales: Reed Books, 568 pp.
• Flannery, T.F. 1995. Mammals of the South-West Pacific & Moluccan Islands. Chatswood: Reed Books, 464 pp. ISBN 0-7301-0417-6
• Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0 19 550870 X
• Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312-529 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4

Murina florium é uma espécie de morcego da família Vespertilionidae. Pode ser encontrada na Austrália, Indonésia e Papua-Nova Guiné.

Referências

• SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.
• HUTSON, T.; SCHLITTER, D.; CSORBA, G.; BONACCORSO, F.; HALL, L. 2008. Murina florium. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 18 de dezembro de 2008.

Murina florium^[2][3] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Thomas 1908. Murina florium ingår i släktet Murina och familjen läderlappar.^[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.^[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.^[4] Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan tre underarter.^[2]

Arten förekommer med flera från varandra skilda populationer på sydostasiatiska öar och i den australiska regionen. I Australien hittas den på Kap Yorkhalvön. Murina florium lever i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 2800 meter över havet. Habitatet varierar mellan regnskogar och andra landskap med flera träd. Individerna vilar gömda i växtligheten, i grottor eller i byggnader. Där sover de ensam eller i små flockar.^[1]

Källor

1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Murina florium Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
2. ^ [a b] Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Murina florium
3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (27 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/murina+florium/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26

Externa länkar

• Wikispecies har information om Murina florium.
  Artförteckning

Murina florium — вид ссавців родини лиликових.

Проживання, поведінка

Країна поширення: Австралія (Квінсленд), Індонезія, Папуа Нова Гвінея. Мешкає на висотах від рівня моря до 2800 м над рівнем моря. Населяє сухі й вологі ліси.

Загрози та охорона

Здається, немає серйозних загроз для цього виду. Є локальні загрози в окремих частинах ареалу. Записаний в багатьох охоронних районах.

Джерела

• Hutson, T., Schlitter, D., Csorba, G., Bonaccorso, F. & Hall, L. 2008. Murina florium. In: IUCN 2012

Murina florium là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi muỗi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1908.^[1]

Chú thích

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

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• x
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• s

플로레스관코박쥐(Murina florium)는 애기박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다.^[2] 오스트레일리아와 인도네시아 그리고 파푸아뉴기니에서 발견된다.

특징

작은 박쥐로 몸길이가 38~57mm이고 전완장이 33~36.9mm, 꼬리 길이가 31~39mm이다. 발 길이는 7.6~9mm, 귀 길이는 10.6~15mm, 몸무게는 최대 9g이다.^[3] 털은 길고 무성하고 양털처럼 부드럽다. 등쪽 털은 불그스레한 갈색부터 회색빛 갈색까지 다양하지만 배쪽은 회색이다. 주둥이 좁고 가늘며 길다. 눈은 아주 작다. 귀는 타원형으로 뒷쪽 가장자리 부위의 깊은 구멍 하나와 함께 서로 잘 분리되어 있다. 이주는 피침형 모양이다. 발은 작고 털로 덮여 있다.

생태

풀과 건물, 동물 속에서 홀로 또는 작은 무리를 지어 은신한다. 먹이는 곤충이다.

분포 및 서식지

소순다 열도와 술라웨시섬, 말루쿠 제도, 파푸아뉴기니, 비스마르크 제도, 오스트레일리아 퀸즐랜드주에 널리 분포한다. 해발 400m와 2,800m 사이의 우림과 건조 또는 습윤 경엽수림에서 서식한다.

아종

3종의 아종이 알려져 있다.^[2]

• M. f. florium - 플로레스섬, 숨바와섬, 술라웨시섬 북부와 남동부, 부톤섬, 카배나, 펠렝섬
• M. f. lanosa (Thomas, 1910) - 뉴기니섬, 뉴브리튼섬, 움보이, 퀸즐랜드주 북동부
• M. f. toxopei (Thomas, 1923) - 암본, 바칸, 부루, 스람, 고람

각주