dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

المقدمة من AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 9 years (wild)
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حقوق النشر
Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
محرر
de Magalhaes, J. P.
موقع الشريك
AnAge articles

Associated Plant Communities ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
More info for the terms: density, forest, shrub, shrubs

Mountain bluebird occurs in several vegetative communities and is the
most ecologically tolerant of the three bluebird species. In most
communities, areas with snags (standing dead trees) are preferred over
snagless areas.


In western North Dakota's Little Missouri National Grasslands, mountain
bluebirds were summer residents (mean density 2.3 pairs per 100 acres
[2.3/40 ha]) in ash (Fraxinus spp.) woodlands but not in cottonwood
(Populus spp.), juniper (Juniperus spp.), or pine woodlands. The ash
woodlands were in upland draws surrounded by prairie with dense shrubs
on the edges [31]. Mountain bluebirds have been observed in nearly
treeless areas of the South Dakota Badlands [45]. In the Black Hills
mountain bluebirds occupy nesting areas in ponderosa pine (P.
ponderosa) woodlands [45]. In southeastern British Columbia mountain
bluebirds were present on shrub plots within dry Douglas-fir
(Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests; a small number was present in very
young conifer stands [51]. In Montana mountain bluebirds are present in
the Douglas-fir-ponderosa pine zone and in the cedar (Thuja
spp.)-hemlock (Tsuga spp.)-spruce (Picea spp.)-grand fir (Abies grandis)
zone of the Kootenai National Forest [23]. They are also present in
whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) stands [40]. In northern Utah
breeding mountain bluebirds used clearcut quaking aspen (Populus
tremuloides) sites [15]. In central Nevada mountain bluebirds were
present in the interface between the aspen (Populus spp.)-white fir
(Abies concolor) zone and the upper big sagebrush (Artemisia
tridentata)-grass zone [42]. In west-central Colorado mountain
bluebirds were observed in aspen-dominated stands [53]. Mountain
bluebirds were present in west-central Colorado in severely burned
lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands with standing dead trees [49].

In Arizona mountain bluebirds were active nesters in old-growth
ponderosa pine at approximately 8,500 feet (2,591 m) elevation [52].
Bent [8] compiled the following reports of mountain bluebird breeding
habitat: During the breeding season mountain bluebirds are usually
found above 7,000 feet (2,133 m) elevation in Utah, Colorado, northern
New Mexico, and Arizona where aspen (Populus spp.) groves alternate
with burned pine (Pinus spp.) forests with abundant snags. In the
Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico, breeding mountain bluebirds
occurred in open quaking aspen groves at 10,300 feet (3,139 m)
elevation; mountain bluebird families have been seen up to 12,300 feet
(3,749 m) elevation.



REFERENCES :
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Fire Effects Information System Animals

Common Names ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
mountain bluebird
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Fire Effects Information System Animals

Conservation Status ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
Atwood [4] compiled state status lists for small western landbirds; of
the western states, mountain bluebird was only listed by Colorado, and
its status was "undetermined."
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
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Fire Effects Information System Animals

Cover Requirements ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
More info for the terms: cover, natural, snag

Nesting: Mountain bluebirds often use abandoned woodpecker (Picidae)
holes in dead or dying trees as nest holes [32,45]. Other cavities used
for nesting include holes in dirt banks, abandoned swallow (Hirundae)
nests, American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) nests, hollow fenceposts,
mailboxes, holes in buildings, and nest boxes [29]. Crevices in cliffs
and mesas are also used [45]. Entrance hole orientation does not affect
nest site use [44]. In western Montana mountain bluebirds use whitebark
pine snags for nest sites at high elevations. At lower elevations
western larch (Larix occidentalis) snags are preferred, even though
Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) snags are more abundant.
Preferred sites are open or semi-open. Average diameter of four snags
used by mountain bluebirds was 23 inches (58 cm); snag diameters ranged
from 10 to 29 inches (25.4-74 cm) [40]. In Wyoming mountain bluebirds
used an abandoned American dipper nest on the underside of a bridge.
Mountain bluebirds frequently nest in river banks in the area [14].

Nest Boxes: In south-central Washington mountain bluebirds used nest
boxes 0.3 mile (0.5 km) or more from ponderosa pine-Oregon white oak
(Quercus garryana) stands, but also used nest boxes near trees. They
showed less of a preference for nest box location than western
bluebirds, which always used boxes near trees or other cover [29].

Foraging: Perches near open, well-lighted areas with sparse ground
cover are favored foraging sites. Dead branches are preferred to living
ones, presumably for greater prey visibility. Where natural vegetation
is tall, mountain bluebirds prefer mowed to unmowed areas. Areas with
dry, nonfertile soils, low vegetation, and much bare ground are
preferred. Mountain bluebirds forage farther from perches than the
other two bluebird species and are occasionally found in open areas with
low perch densities [45].
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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زيارة المصدر
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Fire Effects Information System Animals

Distribution ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
The breeding range of mountain bluebird extends from central Alaska,
central Yukon Territory, southern Mackenzie District, southern
Saskatchewan, and southwestern Manitoba; south along the eastern slopes
of the Coast Ranges to northwestern and south-central California; and to
central and southeastern Nevada, northern Arizona, southern New Mexico,
western Oklahoma, Colorado, western Nebraska, North Dakota, and
northeastern North Dakota [1]. Sightings of breeding mountain bluebirds
(paired with eastern bluebirds) have been reported in Minnesota [6,56].

Mountain bluebirds winter from southern British Columbia and western
Montana south to northern Baja California and neighboring islands,
Sonora, southern Chihuahua, central Nuevo Leon, extreme southwestern
Kansas, western Oklahoma, and western Texas. Occasional sightings in
western and northern Arkansas and northern Manitoba have been reported [1].

Breeding mountain bluebirds have been sighted in Wisconsin [43].
Transient and winter resident mountain bluebirds have been reported in
Vancouver, British Columbia [65].
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Animals

Food Habits ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
More info for the term: fruit

Mountain bluebirds are primarily insectivorous, but also consume fruit
when insects are inactive (in early morning and in the cooler seasons).
Contents of 66 adult mountain bluebird stomachs were 92 percent animal
matter, which was 30 percent beetles, 23 percent grasshoppers, 14.5
percent caterpillars, 13 percent ants, 8 percent weevils, 4 percent bees
and wasps, 4 percent true bugs, and less than 1 percent flies [7].

Insect Prey: In south-central Washington, beetle consumption decreased
during the nestling period. Nestling foods are mostly grasshoppers,
crickets, and caterpillars [29].

Plant Foods: Mountain bluebirds eat mistletoe (Phoradendron spp.),
hackberry (Celtis spp.), Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia),
and buffaloberry (Shepherdia spp.) berries in the nonbreeding season
[61].

Foraging Strategies: Mountain bluebirds adjust foraging strategies to
habitat and ground vegetation conditions [45]. Mountain bluebirds
usually forage from elevated perches. When prey is spotted a mountain
bluebird drops to the ground to capture it [29]. Mountain bluebirds
hover in search of prey and have been observed foraging on the ground
(hopping-gleaning) in grazed valleys with sparse vegetation [45].
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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زيارة المصدر
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Fire Effects Information System Animals

Habitat-related Fire Effects ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
More info for the terms: density, fire exclusion, forest, snag

Mountain bluebirds are strongly attracted to early postfire (1-2 years)
communities, particularly those with many standing dead trees.
Woodpecker activity in these communities provides many nest cavities
[32]. Fire initiates a tree-hole nesting cycle in Grand Teton and
Yellowstone National Parks. Woodpeckers concentrate in newly burned
areas to feed on insects (particularly bark beetles) and to nest in
standing dead trees [62], especially those with decay prior to fire
[50]. Mountain bluebirds and other secondary cavity nesters use the
holes after the woodpeckers abandon them. In northern Wyoming, northern
three-toed woodpeckers (Picoides tridactylus) and black-backed
three-toed woodpeckers (P. arcticus) begin leaving burned areas about 4
to 5 years after the fire. Hairy woodpeckers (P. villosus) continue to
excavate holes for years, until snags finally decay to the point of
falling down. At around 50 postfire years, tree-hole nesting species
usually leave the area even if a few snags are still present [62].

A 1982 study in the Little Firehole River watershed within Yellowstone
National Park indicated that mountain bluebirds were only common in a
222 acre (90 ha) area that burned in 1949. The authors speculated that
mountain bluebird numbers were high in the late 1700's and early 1800's
because up to 50 percent of the area was covered by early postfire
stands; as forests matured into the twentieth century mountain bluebird
numbers probably decreased [48]. In other areas of Yellowstone National
Park, mountain bluebirds were observed in burned areas in the first
postfire year [22]. Mountain bluebirds were associated with postfire
plots in severely burned lodgepole pine stands in Yellowstone National
Park. By the second postfire year mountain bluebirds were nesting in
holes excavated by northern three-toed woodpeckers. Peak mountain
bluebird breeding density occurred on 12-postfire year plots with a
small peak on 30-year-old plots. There were no mountain bluebirds on
57-year-old and older plots [62]. In Grand Teton National Park,
mountain bluebirds were present in the first postfire year on severely
burned plots, increasing to 15 pairs per 100 acres (15/40 ha) in the
second year. They were not observed on moderately burned or unburned
plots, or on 43-year-old burned plots [62].

In Alberta fire-originated forests dominated by quaking aspen, balsam
poplar (Populus balsamea), and lodgepole pine, mountain bluebirds were
present in 14-year-old stands but not present in stands that had been
clearcut, nor in 30-, 60-, or 80-year-old stands [66]. In Montana mountain
bluebirds increased from postfire year 2 to postfire year 4 in both
burned and burned and logged areas [24].

In California mountain bluebirds were observed in large numbers (15.2
pairs per 100 acres [15.2/40 ha]) in postfire years 5, 6, and 7 in mixed
coniferous forest. Woodpecker activity was decreasing by the time of
the study [10]. In the Sierra Nevada a severe fire occurred in a
Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi)-white fir community in 1960. Birds were
censused in 1968 and 1975. Mountain bluebird densities were highest on
burned plots with standing dead trees and openings in 1968. They were
still present on burned plots in 1975; these plots had developed dense
brushfields [11].

Later postfire communities may not be as attractive as early
successional stages; Raphael and others [47] noted a decreasing trend
for mountain bluebirds in burned habitat in the Sierra Nevada between
1966 and 1985. In Yellowstone National Park mountain bluebirds
densities 5 to 25 years after fire depend on the number of standing
snags. At 25 to 30 postfire years mountain bluebird numbers may begin
to decline depending on the rate of snag loss. From 30 to 50 postfire
years mountain bluebirds depart as canopy closure develops [63].

Based on data from Brawn and Balda [13], Hejl [26] hypothesized a
mountain bluebird population decrease in southwestern ponderosa pine
due to fire exclusion and consequent closure of forests.
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Animals

Habitat: Cover Types ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

1 Jack pine
5 Balsam fir
16 Aspen
21 Eastern white pine
22 White pine-hemlock
51 White pine-chestnut oak
208 Whitebark pine
210 Interior Douglas-fir
211 White fir
212 Western larch
213 Grand fir
217 Aspen
218 Lodgepole pine
220 Rocky Mountain juniper
229 Pacific Douglas-fir
230 Douglas-fir-western hemlock
237 Interior ponderosa pine
238 Western juniper
243 Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
244 Pacific ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir
245 Pacific ponderosa pine
247 Jeffrey pine
250 Blue oak-foothills pine
255 California coast live oak
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Fire Effects Information System Animals

Habitat: Ecosystem ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

More info for the term: shrub

FRES11 Spruce-fir
FRES15 Oak-hickory
FRES17 Elm-ash-cottonwood
FRES19 Aspen-birch
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES22 Western white pine
FRES23 Fir-spruce
FRES24 Hemlock-Sitka spruce
FRES25 Larch
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES27 Redwood
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES34 Chaparral-mountain shrub
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES38 Plains grasslands
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Animals

Habitat: Plant Associations ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the terms: forest, shrub, woodland

K001 Spruce-cedar-hemlock forest
K002 Cedar-hemlock-Douglas-fir forest
K003 Silver fir-Douglas-fir forest
K004 Fir-hemlock forest
K005 Mixed conifer forest
K006 Redwood forest
K007 Red fir forest
K008 Lodgepole pine-subalpine forest
K009 Pine-cypress forest
K010 Ponderosa shrub forest
K011 Western ponderosa forest
K012 Douglas-fir forest
K013 Cedar-hemlock-pine forest
K014 Grand fir-Douglas-fir forest
K015 Western spruce-fir forest
K016 Eastern ponderosa forest
K017 Black Hills pine forest
K018 Pine-Douglas-fir forest
K019 Arizona pine forest
K020 Spruce-fir-Douglas-fir forest
K021 Southwestern spruce-fir forest
K022 Great Basin pine forest
K023 Juniper-pinyon woodland
K024 Juniper steppe woodland
K025 Alder-ash forest
K026 Oregon oakwoods
K027 Mesquite bosque
K029 California mixed evergreen forest
K030 California oakwoods
K031 Oak-juniper woodlands
K032 Transition between K031 and K037
K033 Chaparral
K034 Montane chaparral
K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K055 Sagebrush steppe
K056 Wheatgrass-needlegrass shrubsteppe
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Animals

Habitat: Rangeland Cover Types ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following Rangeland Cover Types (as classified by the Society for Range Management, SRM):

More info for the terms: forb, shrubland, woodland

104 Antelope bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
105 Antelope bitterbrush-Idaho fescue
107 Western juniper/big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass
109 Ponderosa pine shrubland
110 Ponderosa pine-grassland
201 Blue oak woodland
202 Coast live oak woodland
207 Scrub oak mixed chaparral
314 Big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
315 Big sagebrush-Idaho fescue
316 Big sagebrush-rough fescue
322 Curlleaf mountain-mahogany-bluebunch wheatgrass
409 Tall forb
411 Aspen woodland
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Animals

Management Considerations ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
More info for the terms: competition, cover, density, forest, herb, natural, species richness

Population Status and Trends: In the early 1900's the range of mountain
bluebird expanded east into the Great Plains [45]. Herlugson [28]
suggested that in this century, mountain bluebird has replaced western
bluebird as the predominant bluebird in the Northwest. Changes in
relative abundance of mountain bluebird and western bluebird in areas of
sympatry are probably caused by changes in the openness of the
landscape. Grazing reduces herb density and may benefit mountain
bluebird at the expense of western bluebird. Mountain bluebird probably
benefits more from logging than either eastern or western bluebird [45].
In Arizona Szaro [58] recorded the replacement of western bluebird by
mountain bluebird following clearcutting in ponderosa pine forests.
Sharp [54] indicated that mountain bluebird populations increased in
juniper woodlands in Oregon between 1899 and 1983. Johnson [34]
reported an increasing trend for mountain bluebird in Nevada between
1939 and 1973. DeSante and George [16], however, listed mountain
bluebirds as decreasing in Alberta and Nevada in the last 100 years. In
northern Idaho populations of secondary cavity nesters including
mountain bluebird have been declining since the early 1970's as
suitable breeding areas are lost to agricultural expansion [67]. Hejl
[26] hypothesized that species associated with burns and/or snags, such
as mountain bluebird, are less abundant than they were 100 years ago;
nest site availability is a limiting factor in mountain bluebird
productivity [29].

Nest-site Competition: Interspecific competition for nest cavities has
probably contributed to the decline of some mountain bluebird
populations in this century. Primary competitors include northern
flicker (Cloaptes auratus), swallows, and, since their introduction from
Europe, house sparrows and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
[18,29]. Competition with European starlings for nest sites has
probably contributed to mountain bluebird population decline in Utah
[25]. Nest boxes in south-central Washington are used by other species
including violet-green swallows (Tachycinera thalassina), deer mice, and
yellow-pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus) [29]. Other nest-site
competitors include eastern and western bluebirds in areas of sympatry,
particularly in the Great Plains grasslands where eastern and mountain
bluebirds have expanded their ranges [45].

Management Recommendations: Mountain bluebirds prefer open habitats;
throughout their range they are always more abundant in recent clearcuts
than in uncut forest [27]. In northern Utah mountain bluebirds were
visitors on quaking aspen study sites prior to timber harvest but
returned as breeders to clearcut areas. Apparently, clearcutting small
patches provides more open habitat adjacent to uncut forest; this
improves foraging habitat for mountain bluebirds while retaining
sufficient numbers of cavities for nesting [15]. Also in Utah mountain
bluebirds were only observed in a 17-year-old clearcut that had been
bulldozed and broadcast burned after harvest. At the time of the census
the stand consisted of lodgepole pine about 6 to 15 feet (1.8-4.6 m)
tall with a moderately dense, forb-dominated ground cover. Mountain
bluebirds were not observed in a 37-year-old clearcut, mature forest,
stagnated forest, wet meadow, or dry meadow [5]. An unpublished report
described by Astroth and Frischknecht [3] indicated that mountain
bluebirds declined immediately after removal of pinyon (Pinus
spp.)-juniper woodlands (for range improvement) but returned to
pretreatment levels in 1 year. Szaro and Balda [59] suggested that for
northern Arizona ponderosa pine communities, removal of one-sixth to
two-thirds of available foliage either in strips or by thinning is not
detrimental to breeding bird communities in terms of species richness,
density, or diversity. The species present in disturbed communities
are, however, different from those of undisturbed communities.

Any management plan should consider the importance of snags for wildlife
[39]. Hutto [32] emphasized the importance of snags for cavity nesters.
It is generally recommended that all natural snags be left during timber
harvest operations unless they pose immediate safety hazards [32,45,52].
Mature and decadent living trees should be left as well to provide snags
in the future [45]. Salvage cutting of burned forest is detrimental to
cavity nesting species, particularly woodpeckers and secondary cavity
nesters such as mountain bluebirds [32]. McClelland and others [40]
recommend leaving old-growth components within harvested areas. For
example for every 1,000 acres (405 ha) management unit, they recommended
leaving 50 to 100 acres (20-40.5 ha) uncut (old growth) for wildlife
feeding areas; on the remaining acreage logs, snags, and cull trees
should be left. Firewood cutting should be limited to snags less than
15 inches (38 cm) d.b.h. [40].

Nest Box Programs: Nest boxes resulted in a substantial increase in
breeding mountain bluebird densities in northern Idaho study plots [67].
In south-central Washington nest box placements have also resulted in
breeding density increases. Nest box fidelity is fairly high,
particularly among successful breeders (68.2%). Unsuccessful breeders
(5 individuals in this study) had a lower rate of nest box fidelity:
two used the same box, one changed territory but not box type, and two
changed territory and box type [30]. Nest boxes for mountain bluebirds
in southwestern ponderosa pine forests should be placed along forest
edges or in grassy glades within open forests. Mountain bluebirds use
large nest boxes with 3-inch (7.6 cm) holes if no other sites are
available [21].


REFERENCES :
NO-ENTRY
ترخيص
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Animals

Occurrence in North America ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals

AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
ID
KS
MN
MT
NE

NV
NM
ND
OK
OR
SD
TX
UT
WA
WI
WY





AB
BC
MB
NT
SK
YT





MEXICO


ترخيص
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Animals

Predators ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Animals
More info for the term: competition

Mountain bluebirds are preyed upon by many raptors including Cooper's
hawk (Accipiter cooperi), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis),
sharp-shinned hawk (A. striatus), northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), and
possibly American kestrel (Falco sparverius). In addition, American
crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) may prey on eggs, nestlings, and adults.
Adult mountain bluebirds are sometimes killed by house sparrows (Passer
domesticus) in competition for nest sites; a deer mouse (Peromyscus
maniculatus) was suspected in the death of an adult female mountain
bluebird whose nest box she had usurped. Deer mice destroy eggs and
nestlings in nest boxes, as do eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) and
red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Nestlings have also been
destroyed by infestations of ants [37].
ترخيص
cc-publicdomain
الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
النص الأصلي
زيارة المصدر
موقع الشريك
Fire Effects Information System Animals

Preferred Habitat ( الإنجليزية )

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More info for the terms: cover, woodland

Mountain bluebirds normally occupy open woodland or edge habitat with
exposed perches and fairly sparse ground cover [29,45]. They are
attracted to burned areas, particularly with dead trees and/or snags
present [32,39,40]. For more information on the relationship of
mountain bluebirds to postfire environments see FIRE EFFECTS AND USE.
Hutto and others [33] listed 19 studies reporting increased mountain
bluebird populations in partially cut or clearcut forests. In northern
Arizona ponderosa pine stands, mountain bluebirds were present on
clearcut sites but not in light, medium, and heavily cut stands or in
uncut stands [60].

In Utah mountain bluebirds are common summer residents of high valleys;
they are uncommon winter visitors to lower valleys in southern Utah [25].
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( الإنجليزية )

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More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

1 Northern Pacific Border
2 Cascade Mountains
3 Southern Pacific Border
4 Sierra Mountains
5 Columbia Plateau
6 Upper Basin and Range
7 Lower Basin and Range
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Taxonomy ( الإنجليزية )

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More info for the term: association

The currently accepted scientific name of mountain bluebird is Sialia
currucoides (Bechstein). There are no currently recognized subspecies
[1,2].

The breeding ranges of mountain bluebird and western bluebird (S.
mexicana) overlap extensively in the western United States. However,
the two species are largely allopatric during the breeding season
because of habitat preference [1,29]. A male mountain
bluebird was observed paired with a female eastern bluebird (S. sialis)
in Minnesota. Two young fledged from that nest [56], and another
association of the same type produced four fledglings [6]. Mountain
bluebirds and eastern bluebirds are also sympatric in South Dakota [45].
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Timing of Major Life History Events ( الإنجليزية )

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More info for the terms: altricial, selection

Spring Migration: Mountain bluebirds and western bluebirds arrive in
south-central Washington at the same time of year (February to March) in
mixed flocks with approximately equal sex ratios [29]. Power [46]
however, reported that males usually arrive on Montana breeding grounds
first, from only few days to as many as 30 days before the females. The
median arrival date for males was April 8; for females, April 25 [46].
In southwestern Manitoba mountain bluebirds usually arrive in late March
[37]. In Zion National Park mountain bluebirds are summer residents
above 8,000 feet (2,438 m) elevation but move to lower elevations in
winter [8].

Nest Site Selection and Territory Defense: Mountain bluebird territory
type is Berger's type A: a large breeding area where courtship,
copulation, nesting, and food seeking occur. In south-central
Washington western bluebirds select and defend nest boxes soon after
arrival but mountain bluebirds continue to prospect. Mountain bluebirds
make nest box selection about 2 weeks after western bluebirds have
established territory but mountain bluebird nest-building activity peaks
1 week earlier than that of western bluebird [29]. Mountain bluebirds
and western bluebirds exhibit interspecific territoriality, as do
mountain bluebirds and eastern bluebirds in areas of sympatry [45].
Interspecific attempts at displacement of resident birds at nest boxes
are not usually successful [29]. In Montana pairs using nest boxes on
fenceposts or utility poles mostly stayed along the fence or utility
line and its immediate vicinity. The smallest territory was 100 yards
(91 m) wide. Some territories had no clear boundaries [46].

Clutch Size and Incubation: Typical mountain bluebird clutch size is
five or six eggs (range 3-8) [8,18,29]. Incubation, usually by the
female, lasts 13 to 14 days [18]. Some of Bent's [8] contributors
observed occasional incubation by the male.

Development of Young: Mountain bluebird hatchlings are altricial,
blind, and without feathers. Natal down appears on the second day.
Eyes begin to open by the fourth or fifth day. Mountain bluebird
nestlings are fed by both parents but usually only brooded by the
female. Mountain bluebirds fledge at about 22 to 23 days but are not
independent of parental feedings until 22 to 28 days after fledging
[18].

Double-Brooding: Mountain bluebirds often raise a second brood in the
same season [29].

Fall Migration: In Manitoba mountain bluebirds usually stay through
late October [37]. In Montana large flocks of mountain bluebirds gather
from October to November. These flocks usually stay together during
seasonal movements and over the winter [46].
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Use of Fire in Population Management ( الإنجليزية )

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More info for the terms: cover, density, fire regime, natural, prescribed fire, shrubs, snag, tree

Savannas and open stands of mature pine are natural mountain bluebird
habitats that require recurrent fire for maintenance. Prescribed fire
is usually beneficial to mountain bluebirds, especially if it controls
shrubs and understory trees [45]. Mountain bluebird densities 5 to 25
postfire years depend on the number of standing snags with nest cavities
[63]. In Wyoming, mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata var.
vaseyana) communities, bordered by Douglas-fir and quaking aspen stands,
were burned with both spring and fall prescribed fires (not on the same
plots). Mountain bluebirds were present as nonbreeders at higher
densities on the burned plots than on unburned plots (both treatments)
[41]. In Nevada pinyon-juniper woodlands burned with prescribed fire
for 3 consecutive years, mountain bluebird populations were the same on
burned and unburned plots in the first postfire year, but were higher on
burned plots in the second year. Nest cavities were lost to the fire
the first year, but by the second season cavity numbers were increasing
[38].

Some bird species are eliminated from burned areas, but other species
are attracted to them, creating a similar amount of species diversity
[17]. Prescribed fire in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota,
temporarily improved foraging habitat for mountain bluebirds by reducing
surface cover. There was little change in overall tree and snag density
on these sites [12]. Burned areas less than 5 years old, particularly
those that had severely burned, are highly valuable for many cavity
nesting species including mountain bluebirds [62]. For enhancement of
wildlife habitat it is strongly recommended that severely burned areas
be allowed to develop naturally rather than be subject to salvage
logging. When salvage is considered essential (for sanitary reasons or
as a firebreak), it is recommended that a substantial area be left uncut
rather than thinning the entire burn [32].

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Sialia currucoides. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Comprehensive Description ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Sialia currucoides (Bechstein)

Dr. J. Lane informs us that 1 egg of the brown–headed cowbird was found with 3 of the mountain bluebird in a nest box 4 miles southwest of Kimnay, Manitoba, in July 1972. This is only the third record for this bluebird as a cowbird victim; the others were in Alberta and British Columbia (Friedmann, 1963:77; 1971:244). That the mountain bluebird is really an extremely unusual host is evidenced by the fact that the Brandon, Manitoba, junior bird students have erected 3500 bluebird nest boxes since 1959, at intervals of a few hundred feet, on tops of fence posts, for about 1000 miles in southwestern Manitoba, and this was the only instance of cowbird parasitism they noted. In 1971, 646 pairs of bluebirds, mostly mountain bluebirds, raised their young in these boxes and over 2600 nestlings were banded; in 1972, over 4100 nestling bluebirds were banded, with no young cowbirds among them. As mentioned in an earlier compendium (Friedmann, 1963:77), the British Columbia nest records scheme showed no instance of cowbird parasitism in their records of 115 nests of the mountain bluebird.

BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER
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الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
Friedmann, Herbert, Kiff, Lloyd F., and Rothstein, Stephen I. 1977. "A further contribution of knowledge of the host relations of the parasitic cowbirds." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-75. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.235
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Sialia currucoides ( الأستورية )

المقدمة من wikipedia AST
Map marker icon – Nicolas Mollet – Birds – Nature – white.png Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

'''Sialia currucoides ye un ave paseriforme de la familia de los túrdidos. Ye un páxaru de tamañu mediu d'aprosimao 18 cm nel casu de los machos adultos.

Nome común

  • Español: Azulexu de los montes Francés: Merlebleu azuré
  • Inglés: Mountain Bluebird
  • Alemán: Berghüttensänger
  • Xaponés: ムジルリツグミ (Mujiruritsugumi)
  • Portugues:montanhas azulexos

Carauterístiques físiques

Los exemplares machos adultos tienen un color azul brillante. Los exemplares femes adultos tienen la cola y el pechu gris.

Hábitat

El hábitat d'esta especie allúgase en redolaes abiertes qu'entienden el noroeste de Méxicu l'oeste de los Estaos Xuníos y l'oeste de Canadá, amás inclúyese dientro d'esti hábitat zones de montes y llega hasta bien al norte, casi tocando Alaska tamién s'atopa en Colombia y Venezuela

Anidación y grupos

Estos páxaros suelen añerar en cuévanos o en caja nido. N'árees remotes, estos páxaros son menos afeutaos pola competencia por llugares de anidación naturales con otres aves azules. Esta especie suel formar grupos pel hibiernu.

Alimentación

Estes aves acúrrense sobre'l terrén y viaxen a la captura de mosques y otros inseutos. Principalmente comen inseutos y bagues.

Ave estatal

Esta ave ta incluyida dientro de la llista d'aves de los estaos de Idaho y Nevada.

Enllaces esternos

Protonotaria-citrea-002 edit.jpg Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Sialia currucoides: Brief Summary ( الأستورية )

المقدمة من wikipedia AST
Sialia currucoides Map marker icon – Nicolas Mollet – Birds – Nature – white.png Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

'''Sialia currucoides ye un ave paseriforme de la familia de los túrdidos. Ye un páxaru de tamañu mediu d'aprosimao 18 cm nel casu de los machos adultos.

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Sialia currucoides ( البريتانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia BR

Sialia currucoides zo ur spesad golvaneged e-touez kerentiad an Turdidae.

Dibabet e oa bet da labous-ardamez gant stadoù Idaho ha Nevada (SUA).

Doareoù pennañ

Boued

Annez

Bevañ a ra en un dachenn hag a ya eus kornôg Norzhamerika[1] da Alaska. Nijal a ra kuit da gKalifornia-Izel da c'hoañviñ.

Liamm diavaez

Notennoù ha daveennoù

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Sialia currucoides: Brief Summary ( البريتانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia BR

Sialia currucoides zo ur spesad golvaneged e-touez kerentiad an Turdidae.

Dibabet e oa bet da labous-ardamez gant stadoù Idaho ha Nevada (SUA).

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Siàlid muntanyenc ( الكتالونية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CA

El siàlid muntanyenc (Sialia currucoides) és un ocell de grandària mitjana d'aproximadament 18 cm en el cas dels adults mascle.

Característiques físiques

Els exemplars mascles adults posseeixen un color blau brillant. Els exemplars femelles adults tenen la cua i el pit gris.

Hàbitat

L'hàbitat d'aquesta espècie se situa en entorns oberts que comprenen el nord-oest de Mèxic l'oest dels Estats Units i l'oest de Canadà, a més s'inclou dins d'aquest hàbitat zones de muntanyes i arriba fins a bé al nord, gairebé tocant Alaska.

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Siàlid muntanyenc Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Siàlid muntanyenc: Brief Summary ( الكتالونية )

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El siàlid muntanyenc (Sialia currucoides) és un ocell de grandària mitjana d'aproximadament 18 cm en el cas dels adults mascle.

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Glas mynydd ( الويلزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CY

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Glas mynydd (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: gleision mynydd) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Sialia currucoides; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Mountain bluebird. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Brychion (Lladin: Turdidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn S. currucoides, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.

Teulu

Mae'r glas mynydd yn perthyn i deulu'r Brychion (Lladin: Turdidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Brych crafog Psophocichla litsitsirupa Brych chwibanol Formosa Myophonus insularis
Myophonus insularis.jpg
Brych chwibanol glas Myophonus caeruleus
Blue Whistling Thrush.jpg
Brych chwibanol gloyw Myophonus melanurus
Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.145939 1 - Myiophoneus melanurus (Salvadori, 1879) - Turdidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg
Brych chwibanol Malaya Myophonus robinsoni
Myophonus robinsoni.JPG
Brych chwibanol Sri Lanka Myophonus blighi
ArrengaBlighiSmit.jpg
Brych chwibanol Swnda Myophonus glaucinus
Myophonus glaucinus.jpg
Brych daear Awstralia Zoothera lunulata
Zoothera lunulata Bruny.jpg
Brych daear Siberia Geokichla sibirica
Geokichla sibirica.jpg
Brych daear Swnda Zoothera andromedae
Zoothera andromedae.jpg
Brych hirbig bach Zoothera marginata
Zoothera marginata - Doi Inthanon.jpg
Geokichla cinerea Geokichla cinerea
Geokichla cinerea.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Glas mynydd: Brief Summary ( الويلزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CY

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Glas mynydd (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: gleision mynydd) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Sialia currucoides; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Mountain bluebird. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Brychion (Lladin: Turdidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn S. currucoides, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.

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Salašník horský ( التشيكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CZ

Salašník horský (Sialia currucoides) je středně velký zpěvný pták z čeledi drozdovitých.

Dorůstá 15 – 20 cm. Samec salašníka horského je jasně modrý s poněkud světlejším opeřením na spodní části břicha. Samice mají jednotvárněji modrá křídla a ocas, šedou hruď, temeno a hrdlo. Obě pohlaví mají také černý zobák a oči a poměrně dlouhé černě zbarvené končetiny.

Obývá oblasti ve vysokých nadmořských výškách v západní části Severní Ameriky až po Kanadu a Aljašku. Je převážně tažný a v zimě se často objevuje i v nižších polohách na území Mexika, ptáci z jižnějších populací však na svých hnízdištích často zůstávají po celý rok.

Salašník horský se živí převážně hmyzem, který chytá v letu nízko nad zemí, často však za kořistí vylétá i z pozorovatelny. Mimo hmyz však požírá také nejrůznější plody. Přes zimu se často shlukuje do hejn. Během námluv spolu samci často soupeří a jsou velice teritoriální. Hnízdí v otevřených horských krajinách, k hnízdění obvykle využívá opuštěné stromové dutiny.

Salašník horský je v současné době také symbolem států Idaho a Nevada.

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Mountain Bluebird na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]

Externí odkazy

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Salašník horský: Brief Summary ( التشيكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia CZ

Salašník horský (Sialia currucoides) je středně velký zpěvný pták z čeledi drozdovitých.

Dorůstá 15 – 20 cm. Samec salašníka horského je jasně modrý s poněkud světlejším opeřením na spodní části břicha. Samice mají jednotvárněji modrá křídla a ocas, šedou hruď, temeno a hrdlo. Obě pohlaví mají také černý zobák a oči a poměrně dlouhé černě zbarvené končetiny.

Obývá oblasti ve vysokých nadmořských výškách v západní části Severní Ameriky až po Kanadu a Aljašku. Je převážně tažný a v zimě se často objevuje i v nižších polohách na území Mexika, ptáci z jižnějších populací však na svých hnízdištích často zůstávají po celý rok.

Salašník horský se živí převážně hmyzem, který chytá v letu nízko nad zemí, často však za kořistí vylétá i z pozorovatelny. Mimo hmyz však požírá také nejrůznější plody. Přes zimu se často shlukuje do hejn. Během námluv spolu samci často soupeří a jsou velice teritoriální. Hnízdí v otevřených horských krajinách, k hnízdění obvykle využívá opuštěné stromové dutiny.

Salašník horský je v současné době také symbolem států Idaho a Nevada.

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Bjergsialia ( الدانماركية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DA

Bjergsialia (latin: Sialia currucoides) er en spurvefugl, der lever i det vestlige Nordamerika.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Stub
Denne artikel om fugle er kun påbegyndt. Hvis du ved mere om emnet, kan du hjælpe Wikipedia ved at udvide den.
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Bjergsialia: Brief Summary ( الدانماركية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DA

Bjergsialia (latin: Sialia currucoides) er en spurvefugl, der lever i det vestlige Nordamerika.

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Berghüttensänger ( الألمانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia DE

Der Berghüttensänger (Sialia currucoides) ist ein mittelgroßer Singvogel aus der Familie der Drosseln.

Merkmale

Der 18 cm lange Berghüttensänger hat einen schmalen Schnabel und lange spitze Flügel. Das Männchen ist himmelblau gefärbt, mit hellblauer Brust und weißem Bauch; das Weibchen grau mit blauen Partien an Flügeln, Schwanz, Rumpf und weißem Bauch.

Vorkommen

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet:
Gelb – Nur Brutsaison
Blau – Nur außerhalb der Brutsaison
Grün – Ganzjährig

Der Berghüttensänger lebt im Sommer auf Almen und Bergregionen in über 1500 m Höhe im Westen Nordamerikas und zieht zum Überwintern ins Tiefland oder nach Mexiko.

Verhalten

Der Berghüttensänger ernährt sich von Insekten, die er im Rüttelflug oder von einem Ansitz aus fängt oder vom Boden aufpickt. Daneben ergänzen kleine Früchte die Nahrung. Im Winter gehen die Vögel in Trupps auf Nahrungssuche.

Fortpflanzung

Das Weibchen baut in Nistkästen oder natürlichen Höhlen, etwa in Bäumen, ein lockeres Schalennest aus Pflanzenmaterial. Das Gelege besteht aus vier bis acht Eiern.

Sonstiges

Der Berghüttensänger ist der Staatsvogel von Idaho und Nevada.

Literatur

Weblinks

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Berghüttensänger: Brief Summary ( الألمانية )

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Der Berghüttensänger (Sialia currucoides) ist ein mittelgroßer Singvogel aus der Familie der Drosseln.

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Muntain bluebird ( الإسكتلنديون )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

The muntain bluebird (Sialia currucoides) is a middlin-sisit bird wichtin aboot 30 g (1.1 oz) wi a lenth frae 16–20 cm (6.3–7.9 in). They hae licht unnerbellies an black een. Adult males hae thin bills an are bricht turquoise-blue an somewha lighter unnerneath. Adult females hae duller blue wings an tail, grey breast, grey croun, throat an back. In fresh faw plumage, the female's throat an breast are tinged wi reid-orange, brounish near the flank contrastin wi white tail unnerpairts. Their caw is a thin 'few'; whilk their sang is warbled high 'chur chur'. It is the state bird of Idaho and Nevada. It is a omnivore an it can live 6 tae 10 years in the wild. It eats spiders, grasshoppers, flies an ither insects, an smaw fruits. The muntain bluebird is a relative o the eastren an wastren bluebirds.

Feedin

These birds hover ower the grund an flee doun tae catch insects, fleein an aw frae a perch tae catch thaim. They mainly eat insects an berries. They mey forage in flocks in winter, when they mainly eat grasshoppers. Muntain bluebirds will come tae a platform feeder wi live meal worms, berries, or peanuts.

Breedin

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This species can be a pouder blue or wi a gray chest an aw.

Their breedin habitat is open kintra athort wastren North Americae, includin muntainous auries, as far north as Alaska. They nest in pre-existin cavities or in nest boxes. In remote auries, these birds are less affectit bi competeetion for natural nestin locations than ither bluebirds. Muntain bluebirds are a monogamous breed. The male can be seen singin frae bare branches. The singin taks place richt at dawn, juist when the sun rises. Females uisually build the nests thairsels. Eggs are pale blue an unmarkit, sometimes white. The clutch size is fower or five eggs. Young are nakit an helpless at hatchin an mey hae some doun. Incubation normally last 14 days an the young will tak aboot 21 days afore they leave the nest. Baith males an females fiercely protect the nest.

State bird

The muntain bluebird is the state bird o Idaho an Nevada.[2][3]

Nest boxes

Muntain bluebirds are cavity nesters an can become vera pairtial tae a nest box, especially if they hae successfully raised a clutch. They mey even reuse the same nest, tho no aye. Muntain bluebirds will no abandon a nest if human activity is detected close bi or at the nest. Acause o this, they can be easily bandit whilk they are still in the nest.

Conservation

Muntain Bluebirds are fairly common, but populations declined bi aboot 26% atween 1966 an 2014, accordin tae the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Partners in Flicht estimates the global breedin population of 4.6 million, with 80% spending some part of the year in the U.S., 20% breedin in Canadae, an 31% winterin in Mexico. The species rates an 8 oot o 20 on the Continental Concern Score. Mountain Bluebird is a U.S.-Canada Stewardship species, an is no on the 2014 State of the Birds Watch List. These bluebirds benefitit frae the wastwaird spread o loggin an grazin in the late nineteent an early twintiet centuries, when the clearin o forest creatit open habitat for foragin. The subsequent wanin o these industries, coupled wi the deliberate suppression o wildfires, led tae a dwindlin o open acreage in the Wast an the decline o the species. Mair recently, as laund-uise practices hae stabilizit, so hae Muntain Bluebird populations. Construction o nest boxes in suitable habitat haes providit a population boost an aw. Populations are declinin in auries whaur trees are too smaw tae provide naitural nestin cavities, an whaur forest an agricultural management practices hae reducit the availability o suitable nest steids. Amang birds that nest in cavities but canna excavate thaim on their awn, competeetion is heich for nest steids. Muntain, Wastren, an mair recently Eastren bluebirds compete for nest boxes whaur their ranges owerlap. Hoose Sparraes, European Starlings, an Hoose Wrens compete fiercely wi bluebirds for nest cavities an aw.[4]

Similar species

References

  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Sialia currucoides". IUCN Reid Leet o Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Internaitional Union for Conservation o Naitur. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  2. "Idaho State Bird". Georgia State Bird Mountain Bluebird Sialia currucoides. Netstate.
  3. "Nevada State Bird". Nevada State Bird, mountain bluebird. Val-U-Corp Services, Inc.
  4. "Mountain Bluebird". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 2016-04-15.

Freemit airtins

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Muntain bluebird: Brief Summary ( الإسكتلنديون )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

The muntain bluebird (Sialia currucoides) is a middlin-sisit bird wichtin aboot 30 g (1.1 oz) wi a lenth frae 16–20 cm (6.3–7.9 in). They hae licht unnerbellies an black een. Adult males hae thin bills an are bricht turquoise-blue an somewha lighter unnerneath. Adult females hae duller blue wings an tail, grey breast, grey croun, throat an back. In fresh faw plumage, the female's throat an breast are tinged wi reid-orange, brounish near the flank contrastin wi white tail unnerpairts. Their caw is a thin 'few'; whilk their sang is warbled high 'chur chur'. It is the state bird of Idaho and Nevada. It is a omnivore an it can live 6 tae 10 years in the wild. It eats spiders, grasshoppers, flies an ither insects, an smaw fruits. The muntain bluebird is a relative o the eastren an wastren bluebirds.

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மலை நீலப்பறவை ( التاميلية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

மலை நீலப்பறவை (mountain bluebird; Sialia currucoides) என்பது நடுத்தர அளவு, 30 g (1.1 oz) எடையும் 16–20 cm (6.3–7.9 in) நீளமும் கொண்ட பறவை ஆகும். இவை மென்மையான நிறத்தில் கீழ் வயிற்றுப் பக்கத்தையும் கருப்புக் கண்களையும் உடையவை. வளர்ந்த ஆண்கள் மெல்லிய அலகையும் பிரகாசமான நீல நிறத்தையும், மென்மையான நிறத்தில் கீழ்ப்பகுதியையும் கொண்டிருக்கும். வளர்ந்த பெண்கள் மங்கில நீல நிறத்தில் வால், சிறகுகள் கொண்டும், சாம்பல் நிறத்தில் நெஞ்சுப்பகுதி, தலைப்பகுதி, பின்பகுதி, தொண்டை ஆகிய பகுதிகளைக் கொண்டும் காணப்படும்.

உசாத்துணை

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மலை நீலப்பறவை: Brief Summary ( التاميلية )

المقدمة من wikipedia emerging languages

மலை நீலப்பறவை (mountain bluebird; Sialia currucoides) என்பது நடுத்தர அளவு, 30 g (1.1 oz) எடையும் 16–20 cm (6.3–7.9 in) நீளமும் கொண்ட பறவை ஆகும். இவை மென்மையான நிறத்தில் கீழ் வயிற்றுப் பக்கத்தையும் கருப்புக் கண்களையும் உடையவை. வளர்ந்த ஆண்கள் மெல்லிய அலகையும் பிரகாசமான நீல நிறத்தையும், மென்மையான நிறத்தில் கீழ்ப்பகுதியையும் கொண்டிருக்கும். வளர்ந்த பெண்கள் மங்கில நீல நிறத்தில் வால், சிறகுகள் கொண்டும், சாம்பல் நிறத்தில் நெஞ்சுப்பகுதி, தலைப்பகுதி, பின்பகுதி, தொண்டை ஆகிய பகுதிகளைக் கொண்டும் காணப்படும்.

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Mountain bluebird ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

The mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides) is a migratory small thrush that is found in mountainous districts of western North America. It has a light underbelly and black eyes. Adult males have thin bills and are bright turquoise-blue and somewhat lighter underneath. Adult females have duller blue wings and tail, grey breast, grey crown, throat and back. In fresh fall plumage, the female's throat and breast are tinged with red-orange which is brownish near the flank, contrasting with white tail underparts. Their call is a thin 'few' while their song is a warbled high 'chur chur'. The mountain bluebird is the state bird of Idaho and Nevada. This bird is an omnivore and it can live 6 to 10 years in the wild. It eats spiders, grasshoppers, flies and other insects, and small fruits. The mountain bluebird is a relative of the eastern and western bluebirds.

Taxonomy

The mountain bluebird was formally described in 1798 by the German naturalist, Johann Matthäus Bechstein, and given the name Motacilla s. Sylvia currucoides.[4][5] The specific epithet combines curruca, from Carl Linnaeus's binomial name Motacilla curruca for the lesser whitethroat with the Ancient Greek -oidēs meaning "resembling".[6] The mountain bluebird is now placed with the two other bluebirds in the genus Sialia that was introduced by the English naturalist William John Swainson in 1827.[7][8] The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[8]

Description

The mountain bluebird is 15.5–18 cm (6.1–7.1 in) in length, weighs 24–37 g (0.85–1.31 oz), and has a wingspan of 11.0-14.2 in (28-36 cm).[9] It is sexually dimorphic in the color of the plumage but the sexes are similar in size. An adult male is bright turquoise-blue above and somewhat lighter blue underneath but with a white lower belly. An adult female has duller blue wings and tail, grey breast, grey crown, throat and back. In fresh fall plumage, the female's throat and breast are brownish near the flank, contrasting with white tail underparts.[10] Their call is a thin 'few'; while their song is warbled high 'chur chur'.

Distribution and habitat

Their breeding habitat is open country across western North America, including mountainous areas, as far north as Alaska. Although mountain bluebirds can be found in some states year-round, their range is expansive — they generally migrate south to Mexico in the winter and north into western Canada and even Alaska in the summer. Depending on the time of year, they may be ubiquitous in mountain environments like grasslands or landscapes of sagebrush, where trees and shrubs are fairly spread out.[11]

Behavior and ecology

Breeding

Can be a powder blue or have a gray chest

The male can be seen singing from bare branches. The singing takes place right at dawn, just when the sun rises.

Mountain bluebirds nest in pre-existing cavities or in nest boxes. In remote areas, these birds are less affected by competition for natural nesting locations than other bluebirds. Mountain bluebirds are monogamous. After the couple decides together on an ideal nesting site, the female will typically build their nest themselves out of thin, dry material from the surrounding landscape while the male protects the area, defending against unwelcome visitors. It is true, though, that both males and females fiercely protect the nest. Once the nest is built, the female will lay an egg a day. Eggs are pale blue and unmarked, sometimes white. The clutch size is four or five eggs and she will incubate them for about two weeks. Young are naked and helpless at hatching and may have some down. The young will usually take about 21 days before they leave the nest, and it can take up to two months to raise fledglings to a stage of development at which they are able to fend and provide for themselves.[12]

Mountain bluebirds are cavity nesters and can become very partial to a nest box, especially if they have successfully raised a clutch. They may even reuse the same nest, though not always. These birds will not abandon a nest if human activity is detected close by or at the nest. Because of this, they can be easily banded while they are still in the nest. The threats of predation for those that dwell in nesting boxes are mostly from house cats, raccoons, and the parasitic blowfly, Apaulina stalia.[12]

Feeding

During the summer, the diet of Mountain bluebirds predominately consists of insects; while, in the winter months they eat mostly berries (like Juniper berries, Russian-olive berries, elderberry, etc.) and fruit seeds (such as mistletoe seeds and grapes, just to name a few).[13] These birds hover over the ground and fly down to catch insects, also flying from a perch to catch them. The first technique takes up to 8 times the energy of sitting on a perch and waiting. They may forage in flocks in winter, looking for grasshoppers. Mountain Bluebirds will come to a platform feeder with live meal worms, berries, or peanuts.

Relationship to humans

The mountain bluebird is the state bird of Idaho and Nevada.[14][15] More generally, the bluebird has lived in writers’ and poets’ imaginations as age-old bearers of joy and reverie.[12] The Twitter bird is based on the mountain bluebird.[16]

Conservation status

Mountain bluebirds are fairly common, but populations declined by about 26% between 1966 and 2014, according to the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Partners in Flight estimates the global breeding population of 4.6 million, with 80% spending some part of the year in the U.S., 20% breeding in Canada, and 31% wintering in Mexico. The species rates an 8 out of 20 on the Continental Concern Score. Mountain Bluebird is a U.S.-Canada Stewardship species, and is not on the 2014 State of the Birds Watch List. These bluebirds benefited from the westward spread of logging and grazing in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when the clearing of forest created open habitat for foraging. The subsequent waning of these industries, coupled with the deliberate suppression of wildfires, led to a dwindling of open acreage in the West and the decline of the species. More recently, as land-use practices have stabilized, so have Mountain Bluebird populations. Construction of nest boxes in suitable habitat has also provided a population boost. Populations are declining in areas where trees are too small to provide natural nesting cavities, and where forest and agricultural management practices have reduced the availability of suitable nest sites. Among birds that nest in cavities but cannot excavate them on their own, competition is high for nest sites. Mountain, Western, and more recently Eastern bluebirds compete for nest boxes where their ranges overlap. House Sparrows, European Starlings, and House Wrens also compete fiercely with bluebirds for nest cavities.[17]

Industrial noise from natural gas wells can have a negative effect on breeding mountain bluebirds. When mountain bluebirds were exposed to this noise, it caused decreased baseline corticosterone levels in adults and nestlings, increased acute (stress-induced) corticosterone levels, and reduced fitness.[18] The combined effect of decreased baseline and increased acute corticosterone may reduce the fitness of these birds by making them susceptible to inflammation and disease.[18] Another study found that when nest boxes were set up in areas near industrial noise and in quiet control areas, there was a lower occupancy of the mountain bluebird at noisy sites, presumably because the noise reduces hatching success.[19] Hatching success may be reduced in noisy areas as a result of increased distraction and increased vigilance behavior by females. Female bluebirds that leave the nest more frequently expose their eggs to fluctuations in incubation time and temperature. This increases predation risk of these eggs and reduces incubation time, resulting in fewer eggs successfully hatching.[18][19]

Similar species

See also

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2019). "Sialia currucoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22708556A137560639. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22708556A137560639.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Swainson, William John; Richardson, J. (1831). Fauna boreali-americana, or, The zoology of the northern parts of British America. Vol. Part 2. The Birds. London: J. Murray. p. 209. The title page bears the year 1831 but the volume did not appear until 1832.
  3. ^ Lepage, Denis. "Mountain Bluebird". Avibase. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  4. ^ Latham, John; Bechstein, Johann Matthäus (1798). Johann Lathams allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel (in German). Vol. 3, Part 2. Nürnberg: A.C. Weigels and Schneiders. p. 546.
  5. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1964). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 85.
  6. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  7. ^ Swainson, William John (1827). "A synopsis of the birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and Mr. William Bullock jun". Philosophical Magazine. New Series. 1: 364–369 [369]. doi:10.1080/14786442708674330.
  8. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Thrushes". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  9. ^ "Mountain Bluebird Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
  10. ^ Johnson, L. Scott; Dawson, Russell D. (2020). Rodewald, P.G. (ed.). "Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.moublu.01. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  11. ^ Sibley, David Allen (2016). Sibley Birds West. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-307-95792-4.
  12. ^ a b c Scott, Lorne (1996). "Mountain Bluebird" (PDF). Canadian Wildlife Service: 1–4 – via OskiCat.
  13. ^ "Winter feeding habits of the mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides) in northern New Mexico". United States Department of Energy. 2008. OSTI 964973 – via EBSCOhost.
  14. ^ "Idaho State Bird". Georgia State Bird Mountain Bluebird Sialia currucoides. Netstate.
  15. ^ "Nevada State Bird". Nevada State Bird, mountain bluebird. Val-U-Corp Services, Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
  16. ^ "Who Made That Twitter Bird?". New York Times.
  17. ^ "Mountain Bluebird". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
  18. ^ a b c "Correction for Kleist et al., Chronic anthropogenic noise disrupts glucocorticoid signaling and has multiple effects on fitness in an avian community". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (9): E2145. 2018-02-20. doi:10.1073/pnas.1801328115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5834744. PMID 29463740.
  19. ^ a b Kleist, Nathan J.; Guralnick, Robert P.; Cruz, Alexander; Francis, Clinton D. (January 2017). "Sound settlement: noise surpasses land cover in explaining breeding habitat selection of secondary cavity‐nesting birds". Ecological Applications. 27 (1): 260–273. doi:10.1002/eap.1437. ISSN 1051-0761. PMID 28052511.
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Mountain bluebird: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

The mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides) is a migratory small thrush that is found in mountainous districts of western North America. It has a light underbelly and black eyes. Adult males have thin bills and are bright turquoise-blue and somewhat lighter underneath. Adult females have duller blue wings and tail, grey breast, grey crown, throat and back. In fresh fall plumage, the female's throat and breast are tinged with red-orange which is brownish near the flank, contrasting with white tail underparts. Their call is a thin 'few' while their song is a warbled high 'chur chur'. The mountain bluebird is the state bird of Idaho and Nevada. This bird is an omnivore and it can live 6 to 10 years in the wild. It eats spiders, grasshoppers, flies and other insects, and small fruits. The mountain bluebird is a relative of the eastern and western bluebirds.

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Monta blubirdo ( إسبرانتو )

المقدمة من wikipedia EO

La Monta blubirdo (Sialia currucoides) estas mezgranda birdo de la familio de Turdedoj, longa 15-20 cm. Ili havas helajn subventrojn kaj nigrajn okulojn. Maskloj havas fajnajn bekojn. Ili estas brilbluaj kaj iom pli helaj sube. Inoj havas pli senkolorajn flugilojn kaj voston, grizecajn brustojn, grizajn kronojn, gorĝojn kaj dorson.

Distribuado kaj habitato

 src=
verde la tutan jaron, flave nur somere, blue nur vintre

La Monta blubirdo estas migranta. Ties teritorio varias el Meksiko vintre ĝis tiom norden kiom ĝis Alasko, en okcidentaj Usono kaj Kanado. Nordaj birdoj migras al la sudaj partoj de la teritorio; sudaj birdoj estas plej ofte konstante loĝantaj birdoj. Kelkaj birdoj povas moviĝi al pli malaltaj altitudoj vintre.

Manĝo

Tiuj birdoj gvatas supergrunde kaj ekflugas suben por kapti insektojn, ankaŭ dumfluge. Ili manĝas ĉefe insektojn kaj berojn. Ili povas manĝi are vintre, ĉefe kiam ili manĝas akridojn.

Reproduktado

Ties reprodukta habitato estas malferma kamparo en okcidenta Nordameriko, inklude ĉefe montajn areojn, tiom norde kiom ĝis Alasko. Ili nestumas en ekzistintaj kavaĵoj aŭ en nestoskatoloj. En malproksimaj areoj, tiuj birdoj suferas malpli da konkurenco pro naturaj nestolokoj ol aliaj blubirdoj. Inoj kutime konstruas nestojn solaj.

Ĝi estas la ŝtata birdo de Idaho kaj Nevado.

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Monta blubirdo: Brief Summary ( إسبرانتو )

المقدمة من wikipedia EO

La Monta blubirdo (Sialia currucoides) estas mezgranda birdo de la familio de Turdedoj, longa 15-20 cm. Ili havas helajn subventrojn kaj nigrajn okulojn. Maskloj havas fajnajn bekojn. Ili estas brilbluaj kaj iom pli helaj sube. Inoj havas pli senkolorajn flugilojn kaj voston, grizecajn brustojn, grizajn kronojn, gorĝojn kaj dorson.

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Sialia currucoides ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

El azulejo de las montañas (Sialia currucoides) es un ave paseriforme de la familia de los túrdidos. Es un pájaro de tamaño medio de aproximadamente 18 cm en el caso de los machos adultos.

Características físicas

Los ejemplares machos adultos poseen un color azul brillante. Los ejemplares hembras adultos tienen la cola y el pecho gris.

Distribución

Esta especie se ubica en entornos abiertos que comprenden el noroeste de México el oeste de los Estados Unidos y el oeste de Canadá, además se incluyen dentro de este hábitat zonas de montañas y llega hasta bien al norte, casi tocando Alaska, también se encuentra en Colombia y Venezuela.

Nidificación y grupos

Estos pájaros suelen anidar en cavidades o en cajas nidos. En áreas remotas, estos pájaros son menos afectados por la competencia por lugares de anidación naturales con otras aves azules.

Esta especie suele formar grupos en invierno.

Alimentación

Estas aves se ciernen sobre el terreno y viajan a la captura de moscas y otros insectos. Principalmente comen insectos y bayas.

Ave estatal

Esta ave está incluida dentro de la lista de aves de los estados de Idaho y Nevada.

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Sialia currucoides: Brief Summary ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

El azulejo de las montañas (Sialia currucoides) es un ave paseriforme de la familia de los túrdidos. Es un pájaro de tamaño medio de aproximadamente 18 cm en el caso de los machos adultos.

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Sialia currucoides ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU

Sialia currucoides Sialia generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Turdidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Ikus, gainera

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Sialia currucoides: Brief Summary ( الباسكية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EU

Sialia currucoides Sialia generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Turdidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Vuorisinikka ( الفنلندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FI

Vuorisinikka (Sialia currucoides)[2] on rastaiden heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.

Tuntomerkit

Vuorisinikka on 16-20 cm pitkä ja se painaa 30 grammaa.[3] Koiraalla on sininen pää, selkäpuoli, siivet ja pyrstö ja vaalea vatsapuoli. Talvisin se on himmeämmän ruskeansininen. Naaras on ruskehtavansininen. Siivet ja pyrstö ovat kirkkaammansiniset ja pää ja selkä siniharmaat. Rinta voi olla joskus punertava. Naaraalla on myös valkea silmänympärysrengas.[4]

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Naaras

Levinneisyys

Vuorisinikkaa tavataan pesivänä Kanadassa ja Yhdysvalloissa. Talvehtivana sitä tavataan myös Meksikossa. Laji on luoteltu elinvoimaiseksi.[1]

Elinympäristö

Vuorisinikka elää maatalousalueilla ja metsänreunoilla.[3]

Lisääntyminen

Vuorisinikka tekee pesänsä puunkoloon tai linnunpönttöön. Naaras rakentaa pesän pääasiassa yksin ja munii 4-8 vaaleansinistä tai valkoista munaa.[3]

Ravinto

Vuorisinikka käyttää ravinnokseen hyönteisiä ja pieniä hedelmiä.[3]

Lähteet

  1. a b BirdLife International: Sialia currucoides IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. 2013. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 10.2.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Maailman lintujen suomenkieliset nimet BirdLife Suomi. Viitattu 29.4.2013.
  3. a b c d All About Birds allaboutbirds.org. Viitattu 29.4.2013. (englanniksi)
  4. All About Birds allaboutbirds.org. Viitattu 29.4.2013. (englanniksi)
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Vuorisinikka: Brief Summary ( الفنلندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FI

Vuorisinikka (Sialia currucoides) on rastaiden heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.

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Merlebleu azuré ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Sialia currucoides

Le Merlebleu azuré (Sialia currucoides autrefois nommé Sialia arctica) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des Turdidae. C'est l'oiseau emblème des États américains de l'Idaho et du Nevada.

Description

Les adultes ont des becs fins. Les mâles sont bleu vif avec le bas du ventre et les plumes sous-caudales blanches. Les ailes et la queue des femelles adultes sont d'un bleu plus terne, et leur poitrine, tête, gorge et dos sont gris.

Répartition

 src=
Répartition du Merlebleu azuré
Jaune : zones de présence estivale (reproduction)
Bleu : zones de présence hivernale
Vert : zones de présence continue (résident annuel)

Le Merlebleu azuré niche dans les milieux ouverts et montagneux de l'ouest de l'Amérique du Nord. Les populations plus nordiques migrent au sud de leur aire de répartition, tandis que les populations du sud sont résidentes. Les individus vivant en milieu montagneux peuvent se déplacer vers des endroits de plus faible altitude en hiver.

Habitat et comportements

Cette espèce niche dans les cavités naturelles ou les nichoirs. En milieu reculé, le Merlebleu azuré est moins sensible à la compétition pour les cavités naturelles que les autres espèces de Merlebleu. Les individus se nourrissent d'insectes et de baies. Les merlebleus capturent les insectes en effectuant des vols stationnaires au-dessus du sol pour ensuite fondre sur leurs proies. Les merlebleus atteignent également leur nourriture en s'élançant à partir de leur perchoir.

Galerie

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Merlebleu azuré: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Sialia currucoides

Le Merlebleu azuré (Sialia currucoides autrefois nommé Sialia arctica) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des Turdidae. C'est l'oiseau emblème des États américains de l'Idaho et du Nevada.

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Sialia currucoides ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

L'azzurro di montagna (Sialia currucoides) è un uccello di taglia media che pesa circa 30 grammi ed ha una lunghezza che oscilla tra 16 e 20 centimetri.

Descrizione

Ha la pancia leggera e gli occhi neri. I maschi adulti hanno fattezze sottili e sono di un blu turchese brillante e leggermente più chiari sotto. Le femmine adulte hanno ali e coda blu più spente, petto grigio, corona grigia, gola e schiena. Nel fresco piumaggio autunnale, la gola e il seno della femmina si tingono di rosso-arancio, marrone vicino al fianco in contrasto con le parti inferiori della coda bianche. Il loro richiamo suona come "pochi"; mentre il loro canto "chur chur". È l'uccello di stato dell'Idaho e del Nevada. È un onnivoro e può vivere dai 6 ai 10 anni in natura. Mangia ragni, cavallette, mosche e altri insetti e piccoli frutti. L'uccellino azzurro di montagna è un parente degli uccelli azzurri orientali e occidentali.

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Sialia currucoides: Brief Summary ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

L'azzurro di montagna (Sialia currucoides) è un uccello di taglia media che pesa circa 30 grammi ed ha una lunghezza che oscilla tra 16 e 20 centimetri.

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Bergsialia ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

Vogels

De bergsialia (Sialia currucoides) is een vogelsoort uit de familie van de lijsters.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt voor in het westen van Verenigde Staten, Alaska & Canada en in het noorden van Mexico.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Bergsialia: Brief Summary ( البلجيكية الهولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia NL

De bergsialia (Sialia currucoides) is een vogelsoort uit de familie van de lijsters.

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Błękitnik górski ( البولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Błękitnik górski[3] (Sialia currucoides) − gatunek ptaka z rodziny drozdowatych (Turdidae).

Osobnik dorosły waży ok. 30 g, osiągając długość od 16 do 20 cm. Błękitniki górskie odznaczają się jasnym ubarwieniem podbrzusza i czarnymi oczami. Dorosłe samce mają cienkie dzioby, turkusowo-niebieskie upierzenie, jaśniejące od spodu. Dorosłe samice są szare, z ciemnymi niebieskimi skrzydłami i ogonem. Jesienią podgardla i piersi samic uzyskują zabarwienie czerwono-pomarańczowe. Ich boki pokrywa wówczas upierzenie brązowawe, które kontrastuje z bielą spodniej strony ogona. Odgłos nawoływania błękitnika górskiego przypomina delikatne fju, śpiew wysokie tyrlikanie czer czer.

Błękitnik górski jest jednym z symboli stanów: Idaho[4] oraz Nevada[5].

Występowanie

Gatunek ten jest ptakiem migrującym. Zimę spędza w Meksyku, resztę roku na zachodnich terenach Stanów Zjednoczonych i Kanady, aż po Alaskę. Osobniki z północy migrują na południe obszaru swojego występowania. Osobniki żyjące na południu zasiedlają wciąż te same tereny. Część populacji migruje w okresach zimowych na tereny położone niżej. Typowym środowiskiem występowania gatunku są łąki i hale położone powyżej 1500 m n.p.m. Błękitnik górski jest zaliczany do gatunków najmniejszej troski. Wzrost liczby osobników zawdzięcza się przygotowywaniu budek lęgowych przez właścicieli ziemskich w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Istniało niebezpieczeństwo drastycznego zmniejszenia się populacji w wyniku działalności rolniczej człowieka.

Odżywianie

Ptaki te odżywiają się insektami, na które polują, nurkując nagle z powietrza. Odżywiają się też owocami. Mogą też, szczególnie w okresie zimowym, całym stadem polować na koniki polne. Błekitniki zaglądają do karmników, w których znajdują żywy pokarm w postaci robaków, jagody czy orzeszki.

Rozmnażanie

Środowiskiem, w którym gniazdują błękitniki górskie są otwarte tereny na zachodzie Ameryki Północnej, wraz z terenami górskimi, aż po Alaskę. Budują gniazda w istniejących zagłębieniach bądź w budkach lęgowych. Tworzą związki monogamiczne. Samce śpiewają, siedząc na bezlistnych gałęziach. Ma to miejsce w godzinach porannych, zaraz po wschodzie słońca. To zazwyczaj samice budują gniazdo. Jajka są barwy jasnoniebieskiej, bez plam, czasami białe. Jednorazowo w gnieździe wysiadywanych jest od 4 do 5 jaj. Wysiadywanie trwa do 14 dni. Po wykluciu młode pozostają w gnieździe ok. 21 dni. Oboje rodzice opiekują się potomstwem.

Przypisy

  1. Sialia currucoides, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. BirdLife International 2012, Sialia currucoides [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 [online], wersja 2015-4 [dostęp 2016-04-25] (ang.).
  3. P. Mielczarek, M. Kuziemko: Podrodzina: Podrodzina: Myadestinae Baird,SF, 1864 - klarnetniki (wersja: 2016-01-25). W: Kompletna lista ptaków świata [on-line]. Instytut Nauk o Środowisku Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. [dostęp 2016-04-25].
  4. State Bird (ang.). www.sos.idaho.gov. [dostęp 2013-10-03].
  5. Nevada State Emblems (ang.). www.leg.state.nv.us. [dostęp 2013-10-03].

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne

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Błękitnik górski: Brief Summary ( البولندية )

المقدمة من wikipedia POL

Błękitnik górski (Sialia currucoides) − gatunek ptaka z rodziny drozdowatych (Turdidae).

Osobnik dorosły waży ok. 30 g, osiągając długość od 16 do 20 cm. Błękitniki górskie odznaczają się jasnym ubarwieniem podbrzusza i czarnymi oczami. Dorosłe samce mają cienkie dzioby, turkusowo-niebieskie upierzenie, jaśniejące od spodu. Dorosłe samice są szare, z ciemnymi niebieskimi skrzydłami i ogonem. Jesienią podgardla i piersi samic uzyskują zabarwienie czerwono-pomarańczowe. Ich boki pokrywa wówczas upierzenie brązowawe, które kontrastuje z bielą spodniej strony ogona. Odgłos nawoływania błękitnika górskiego przypomina delikatne fju, śpiew wysokie tyrlikanie czer czer.

Błękitnik górski jest jednym z symboli stanów: Idaho oraz Nevada.

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Bergsialia ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV

Bergsialia[2] (Sialia currucoides) är en fågel i familjen trastar inom ordningen tättingar.[3] Den häckar i västra Nordamerika (Alaska till centrala Mexiko) och flyttar vintertid till Baja California.[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.[1]

Noter

  1. ^ [a b] Birdlife International 2012 Sialia currucoides Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2016) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter Arkiverad 18 oktober 2014 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., läst 2016-02-10
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2015) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-02-11

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Bergsialia: Brief Summary ( السويدية )

المقدمة من wikipedia SV

Bergsialia (Sialia currucoides) är en fågel i familjen trastar inom ordningen tättingar. Den häckar i västra Nordamerika (Alaska till centrala Mexiko) och flyttar vintertid till Baja California. IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.

 src=

Juvenil fågel, fotograferad i Grand Teton National Park

 src=

En hona, med betydligt dovare färger jämfört med hanen

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Mavi dağ kuşu ( التركية )

المقدمة من wikipedia TR
 src=
Bu madde herhangi bir kaynak içermemektedir. Lütfen güvenilir kaynaklar ekleyerek bu maddenin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olunuz. Kaynaksız içerik itiraz konusu olabilir ve kaldırılabilir. (Ekim 2017)

Mavi dağ kuşu (Sialia currucoides), karatavukgiller (Turdidae) familyasından Kuzey Amerika'ya özgü mavi kuş türü.

Idaho ve Nevada'nın eyalet kuşudur.

Morfoloji

15–120 cm uzunluğunda orta boy kuştur. Karın altı açık renktedir. Gözleri siyahtır. Erkekleri parlak firuze-mavi renktedir. Dişilerin yalnızca kanat ve kuyruklarında donuk mavi renk vardır; taç, göğüs, boğaz ve sırtı gridir.

Biyolojsi

Göçmendir. Kuzeydekiler kışın güneye göçerler. Bazıları da yükselti göçmenidir. Yani yüksek dağlardan daha alçak ovalara kışlamak için inerler.

Beslenmesi

Ana besini böcekler ve meyvelerdir. Yerdeki ve uçan böcekleri avlarlar. Kışın çekirge yerler. Bahçelere konulan yemleme tahtasında canlı un kurdu, böğürtlensi meyve ve yer fıstığı ile cezbedilebilirler.

Üreme

Tek eşlidirler. Yuvalarını önceki yuvalara ya da insan tarafından imâl edilen kuş evlerine yaparlar. Yuvayı genelde dişi yapar. Beneksiz soluk mavi, bazen de beyaz olan yumurtaları 4-5 tanedir. Kuluçka süresi 14, yavrunun yuvadan uçuş süresi ise 21 gündür. Anne ve baba kuşlar yuvayı şiddetle korurlar.

Yayılımı

Kuzey Amerika'da Kanada, ABD ve Meksika'da yayılım gösterirler.

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Mavi dağ kuşu: Brief Summary ( التركية )

المقدمة من wikipedia TR

Mavi dağ kuşu (Sialia currucoides), karatavukgiller (Turdidae) familyasından Kuzey Amerika'ya özgü mavi kuş türü.

Idaho ve Nevada'nın eyalet kuşudur.

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Sialia currucoides ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Sialia currucoides là một loài chim trong họ Turdidae.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


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Sialia currucoides: Brief Summary ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Sialia currucoides là một loài chim trong họ Turdidae.

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Голубая сиалия ( الروسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia русскую Википедию
Научная классификация
промежуточные ранги
Домен: Эукариоты
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Класс: Птицы
Подкласс: Настоящие птицы
Инфракласс: Новонёбные
Инфраотряд: Passerida
Надсемейство: Muscicapoidea
Семейство: Дроздовые
Вид: Голубая сиалия
Международное научное название

Sialia currucoides (Bechstein, 1798)

Ареал Sialia currucoides изображение

Гнездование Зимовка

Круглый год
Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
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Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 179811NCBI 311369EOL 1177542

Голубая сиалия[1] (лат. Sialia currucoides) — певчая птица семейства дроздовых. Национальная птица американских штатов Айдахо и Невада.

Описание

Голубая сиалия длиной 18 см. Клюв тонкий, крылья длинные, заострённые. Оперение самца голубого цвета, брюхо белое. Самка окрашена в серый цвет с голубыми участками на крыльях, хвосте, теле, брюхо белого цвета.

Распространение

Птица живёт летом на альпийских лугах и в горных ландшафтах на высоте свыше 1500 м на западе Северной Америки, мигрируя зимой на низменность или в Мексику.

Питание

Голубая сиалия питается насекомыми, которых ловит в полёте, из засады или на земле. Мелкие плоды дополняют питание. Зимой птицы ищут корм стаями.

Размножение

Самка строит свободное, чашеобразное гнездо из растительного материала в скворечниках или дуплах деревьев. В кладке от 4-х до 8-и яиц.

Примечания

  1. Бёме Р. Л., Флинт В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Птицы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский / Под общ. ред. акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., «РУССО», 1994. — С. 310. — 2030 экз.ISBN 5-200-00643-0.
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Голубая сиалия: Brief Summary ( الروسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia русскую Википедию

Голубая сиалия (лат. Sialia currucoides) — певчая птица семейства дроздовых. Национальная птица американских штатов Айдахо и Невада.

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ムジルリツグミ ( اليابانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 日本語
ムジルリツグミ Mountain Bluebird.jpg
ムジルリツグミ(雄)
保全状況評価[1] LEAST CONCERN
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 LC.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 鳥綱 Aves : スズメ目 Passeriformes : ツグミ科 Turdidae : ルリツグミ属 Sialia : ルリツグミ S. currucoides 学名 Sialia currucoides
(Bechstein, 1798) 和名 ムジルリツグミ 英名 Mountain Bluebird

ムジルリツグミ(学名Sialia currucoides)は、スズメ目ツグミ科ルリツグミ属に属する鳥類の一種。

アメリカ合衆国アイダホ州ネバダ州の州鳥である。

形態[編集]

分布[編集]

新北区に生息する。

画像[編集]

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参考文献[編集]

  1. ^ BirdLife International ("Sialia currucoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 26 November 2013閲覧. Check date values in: |date= (help)

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ムジルリツグミに関連するメディアがあります。 執筆の途中です この項目は、鳥類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますポータル鳥類 - PJ鳥類)。
 title=
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ムジルリツグミ: Brief Summary ( اليابانية )

المقدمة من wikipedia 日本語

ムジルリツグミ(学名Sialia currucoides)は、スズメ目ツグミ科ルリツグミ属に属する鳥類の一種。

アメリカ合衆国アイダホ州ネバダ州の州鳥である。

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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
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wikipedia 日本語