Trophic Strategy
(
Inglês
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fornecido por Fishbase
It is found in all kinds of habitats; it has been observed in shallow vegetated bays, in intermediate habitats, over sand, and in purely rocky biotopes (Ref. 5595). At most locations it is found at shallow levels, rarely deeper than 10 metres (Ref. 5595), but it can be present from the surface waters to depths of 40-50m (Ref. 118638). It feeds on phytoplankton and on diatom sediment on the sand; the so-called 'multitooth' morph at Cape Maclear grazes from rocks and might harvest the loose aufwuchs (Ref. 5595).
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Morphology
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Dorsal spines (total): 15 - 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 12; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10; Vertebrae: 30 - 32
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Life Cycle
(
Inglês
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A maternal mouthbrooder; males defend territories from shallow water down to at least 28m; males dig pits, which are sometimes huge craters with a small raised platform of fine sand (Ref. 118638). Breeding period extends over several months as noted in Lake Malombe, at present one of the main breeding areas for this species (Ref. 6150). Males build nests on a variety of substrata and at depths of 0.5m to at least 28m; nests generally 0.3-1.9m diameter, with dimensions correlated to male size (Ref. 55079). Nest with a characteristic spawning cone in its center (Ref. 5595). Courtship appears to occur mainly in the early morning (Ref. 40193, 55079), and consist of leading, followed by tilting and head-down quivering if the female follows the male to the nest (Ref. 40193). A female with 324 young of 15mm long in the mouth has been caught (Ref. 2781). Females keep guarding their fry until they are about 24 mm (Ref. 2781, 6150).
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Diagnostic Description
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Inglês
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Diagnosis: A heavily-built large tilapia species with a wide rounded head and short jaws; individuals vary a lot in dentition, with some having very wide bands of jaw teeth (Ref. 118638). Head length 30.8-36.0% of standard length; lower pharyngeal with large toothed area with straight or slightly convex sides; median length of pharyngeal bone 1.14-1.32 times its width and 38.2-42.2% of head length; blade 1.0-1.7 times median length of toothed area; length of lower jaw 28.4-34.5% of head length; teeth of jaws in 4-6 rows (Ref. 2). Females and juveniles with greyish-brown bodies and 4-5 vertical bars (Ref. 118638). Males are black with a white margin to the dorsal and tailfins; the genital tassel can be long and branched and pinkish to bright yellow (Ref. 2, 118638). It is one of the 'chambo' group Oreochromis from the Lake Malawi catchment; females and non-territorial males cannot be reliably distinguished from those of Oreochromis squamipinnis; females and non-territorial males from Lake Ikapu are a bright golden colour (Ref. 118638).Description: Upper profile of snout before eye usually convex (Ref. 55427). Jaws small (Ref. 6150). Tooth band wide (Ref. 4967). Lower pharyngeal bone heavily developed; size of head and jaws, depth of body and number of tooth rows population dependent (Ref. 55079). Sides of triangular toothed area of lower pharyngeal bone not concave (Ref. 55427). Caudal fin scaly (Ref. 2, 55427) and emarginate (Ref. 2). In adults both upper and lower lobes of caudal fin rounded; caudal peduncle as long as or longer than deep; genital papilla prominent and bifid in breeding fishes (Ref. 2). Males develop a breeding dress (Ref. 5595) and a genital tassel (Ref. 5595, 44514), each branch bearing tubercles and filaments (Ref. 2).Colouration: Non-breeding fish: silver-grey, darker on the dorsum, with black vertical bars of uneven length from the dorsum to mid-flanks (Ref. 2). Ripe females: very dark, almost black (Ref. 55079). At some times of the year (Ref. 55079) females, juveniles and non-breeding fish develop a yellowish-brown body with yellow margin to the dorsal fin (Ref. 6150, 55079). Courting male: black (Ref. 2781, 4967, 6150, 55079), often with iridescent patches on the head or body (Ref. 55079). Flank scales often with coppery metallic spot (Ref. 55079). Broad white margins to dorsal (Ref. 2, 55427) and caudal fin and sometimes also to the anal fin (Ref. 2). Black color lost in a few seconds when alarmed, turning a pale grey, often with iridescent greenish or coppery areas on the flanks or head (Ref. 40193).
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Biology
(
Inglês
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It is found in all kinds of habitats; it has been observed in shallow vegetated bays, in intermediate habitats, over sand, and in purely rocky biotopes (Ref. 5595). At most locations it is found at shallow levels, rarely deeper than 10 metres (Ref. 5595), but it can be present from the surface waters to depths of 40-50m (Ref. 118638). It feeds on phytoplankton and on diatom sediment on the sand; the so-called 'multitooth' morph at Cape Maclear grazes from rocks and might harvest the loose aufwuchs (Ref. 5595). A maternal mouthbrooder; males defend territories from shallow water down to at least 28m; males dig pits, which are sometimes huge craters with a small raised platform of fine sand (Ref. 118638). It is an important component of the fisheries catch in Lake Malawi (Ref. 118638). The IUCN conservation status is rated as endangered, based on declining fishery catches due to overfishing (Ref. 118638).
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Importance
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Inglês
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fisheries: commercial
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Oreochromis karongae
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Oreochromis karongae és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Morfologia
Les femelles poden assolir els 38 cm de longitud total.[2]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba a Àfrica: llac Malawi.[2]
Referències
Bibliografia
- Axelrod, H. R., 1993. The most complete colored lexicon of cichlids. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City (Estats Units).
- Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall (2000).
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
- Römer U.: Cichliden Atlas, Bd. 1. Melle. 1311 p. Any 1998.
- Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., Londres (Regne Unit).
- Trewavas, E. i G.G. Teugels, 1991. Oreochromis. p. 307-346. A: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels i D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussel·les; MRAC, Tervuren; i ORSTOM, París, França. Vol. 4.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
Enllaços externs
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Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a:
Oreochromis karongae 
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Oreochromis karongae: Brief Summary
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Oreochromis karongae és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
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Oreochromis karongae
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Oreochromis karongae ist eine Fischart aus der Familie der Buntbarsche (Cichlidae), die im ostafrikanischen Malawisee und seiner Umgebung, darunter der Malombesee und die Kraterseen Ikapu und Itamba vorkommt.[1]
Merkmale
Oreochromis karongae ist eine große Buntbarschart und erreicht eine maximale Standardlänge von 42 cm. Die Kopflänge liegt bei 31 bis 36 % der Standardlänge. Der Kopf ist breit und abgerundet; die Kiefer sind kurz und mit zahlreichen Zähnen besetzt, die in vier bis sechs breiten Bändern angeordnet sind. Männchen sind schwarz gefärbt, Rücken- und Schwanzflosse haben weiße Ränder. Ihre Genitalanhänge sind rosa oder hellgelb und können lang sein. Weibchen und Jungfische sind grau mit vier bis sechs senkrechten Streifen auf den Körperseiten. Sie können nicht sicher von Weibchen und Jungfischen von Oreochromis squamipinnis unterschieden werden. Die Weibchen und Jungfische aus dem Kratersee Ikapu sind leuchtend goldgelb gefärbt.[1][2]
Lebensweise
Oreochromis karongae kommt in allen Bereichen des Sees vor und wurde in mit Pflanzen bewachsenen Buchten, in reinen Felsregionen, über Sandflächen und in Übergangsbiotopen beobachtet. Meist hält sich die Art in flachem Wasser, nicht tiefer als zehn Meter auf. Die Maximaltiefe in der Oreochromis karongae noch beobachtet wurde liegt bei 40 bis 50 Metern. Die Fische ernähren sich vor allem von Phytoplankton und nehmen gelegentlich auch Sediment und Sand vom Seeboden auf. Eine mit besonders vielen Zähnen ausgestattete Morphe frisst möglicherweise auch Aufwuchs an den Felsen. Kieselalgen sind der wichtigste Bestandteil der Nahrung.[1]
Wie alle Oreochromis-Arten ist Oreochromis karongae ein Maulbrüter, wobei das Weibchen die Brutpflege übernimmt, während das Männchen das Revier verteidigt. Die für die Fortpflanzung errichteten Reviere befinden sich in Wassertiefen bis maximal 28 Metern. Zur Eiablage bauen die Männchen Gruben in den Sand, die manchmal die Form großer bis 1,9 Meter im Durchmesser messender Krater annehmen können. Die Größe der Laichgruben steht in Bezug zu Größe der Männchen. Abgelaicht wird meist in den frühen Morgenstunden. Danach nimmt das Weibchen die befruchteten Eier ins Maul und trägt sie mit sich herum. Die Jungfische werden im Maul geschützt, bis sie eine Größe von etwa 24 mm erreicht haben.[1]
Oreochromis karongae wird stark befischt und die IUCN schätzt den Bestand als vom Aussterben bedroht (Critically Endangered) ein.[3]
Systematik
Die Art wurde im Jahr 1941 durch die britische Ichtyologin Zoologen Ethelwynn Trewavas erstmals wissenschaftlich beschrieben und damals der Gattung Tilapia zugeordnet.[4] Heute gehört sie zu Oreochromis und dort zu den sogenannten „Geißeltilapien“ (Untergattung Nyasalapia), deren Männchen speziell geformte Anhänge an der Genitalpapille besitzen. Das Merkmal hat sich aber möglicherweise mehrfach unabhängig voneinander herausgebildet und die Untergattung Nyasalapia wäre dann nicht monophyletisch.[5] Oreochromis saka, im Jahr 1953 durch R. H. Lowe beschrieben,[6] ist möglicherweise nur eine geografische Morphe oder ein Synonym von O. karongae.[5]
Belege
-
↑ a b c d e Oreochromis karongae auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
-
↑ Ethelwynn Trewavas (1983). Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis, and Danakilia /. London: British Museum (Natural History). doi:10.5962/bhl.title.123198, Seite 465.
-
↑ Oreochromis karongae in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2018. Eingestellt von: Kanyerere, G.Z., Phiri, T.B. & Shechonge, A., 2018. Abgerufen am 15. August 2019.
-
↑ Oreochromis karongae im Catalog of Fishes (englisch)
-
↑ a b Ford, A.G.P., Bullen, T.R., Pang, L., Genner, M.J., Bills, R., Flouri, T., Ngatunga, B.P., Rüber, L., Schliewen, U.K., Seehausen, O., Shechonge, A., Stiassny, M.L.J., Turner, G.F. & Day, J.J. (2019): Molecular phylogeny of Oreochromis (Cichlidae: Oreochromini) reveals mito-nuclear discordance and multiple colonisation of adverse aquatic environments. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, April 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.008
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↑ Oreochromis saka im Catalog of Fishes (englisch)
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Oreochromis karongae: Brief Summary
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Oreochromis karongae ist eine Fischart aus der Familie der Buntbarsche (Cichlidae), die im ostafrikanischen Malawisee und seiner Umgebung, darunter der Malombesee und die Kraterseen Ikapu und Itamba vorkommt.
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Oreochromis karongae
(
Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
Oreochromis karongae is a critically endangered species of cichlid that is endemic to Lake Malawi, Lake Malombe, and upper and middle Shire River in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania.[1] This species is important to local commercial fisheries,[2] but has declined drastically due to overfishing.[1]
It can reach a total length of 42 centimetres (17 in).[2] Breeding males are black with white edges to the fins and are extremely similar to breeding male O. lidole, while females are more yellowish-brown than females of O. lidole and O. squamipinnis.[3][4]
It is part of the subgenus Nyasalapia, which are known as chambo. A taxonomic review recommended that O. saka should be considered a synonym of O. karongae (the two only differ by pharyngeal bones and teeth),[5] but at present both are considered valid by FishBase.[6]
The breeding males of chambo have long genital tassels that somewhat resemble fish eggs. During breeding, the female attempts to pick them up with her mouth and this helps the male in fertilizing the female's eggs, already in her mouth.[3][4] O. karongae mainly feeds on phytoplankton, including diatoms.[3]
The lepidophagous cichlid Corematodus shiranus is an aggressive mimic of chambo in both color pattern and swimming mode. It is, therefore, able to approach unsuspecting schools of chambo and rapidly take a mouthful of scales or fin.[3][7]
References
-
^ a b c Kanyerere, G.Z.; Phiri, T.B.; Shechonge, A. (2018). "Oreochromis karongae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T61293A148647939. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T61293A148647939.en.
-
^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2017). "Oreochromis karongae" in FishBase. April 2017 version.
-
^ a b c d Konings, Ad (1990). Ad Konings' Book of Cichlids and all the other Fishes of Lake Malawi, pp. 90 & 343. ISBN 978-0866225274.
-
^ a b Oliver, M.K. (29 August 2016). Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) karongae. MalawiCichlids. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
-
^ Turner, G.F.; and R.L. Robinson (1991). Ecology, morphology and taxonomy of the Lake Malawi Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) species flock. Annales de la Musée royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Tervuren) 262: 23-28.
-
^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Oreochromis in FishBase. April 2017 version.
-
^ Oliver, M.K. (16 November 2000). Corematodus shiranus. MalawiCichlids. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
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Oreochromis karongae: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Oreochromis karongae is a critically endangered species of cichlid that is endemic to Lake Malawi, Lake Malombe, and upper and middle Shire River in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. This species is important to local commercial fisheries, but has declined drastically due to overfishing.
It can reach a total length of 42 centimetres (17 in). Breeding males are black with white edges to the fins and are extremely similar to breeding male O. lidole, while females are more yellowish-brown than females of O. lidole and O. squamipinnis.
It is part of the subgenus Nyasalapia, which are known as chambo. A taxonomic review recommended that O. saka should be considered a synonym of O. karongae (the two only differ by pharyngeal bones and teeth), but at present both are considered valid by FishBase.
The breeding males of chambo have long genital tassels that somewhat resemble fish eggs. During breeding, the female attempts to pick them up with her mouth and this helps the male in fertilizing the female's eggs, already in her mouth. O. karongae mainly feeds on phytoplankton, including diatoms.
The lepidophagous cichlid Corematodus shiranus is an aggressive mimic of chambo in both color pattern and swimming mode. It is, therefore, able to approach unsuspecting schools of chambo and rapidly take a mouthful of scales or fin.
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Oreochromis karongae
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
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fornecido por wikipedia ES
Oreochromis karongae es una especie de peces de la familia cíclidos.[2]
Morfología
La longitud máxima en machos es de 42 cm y en las hembras de 38 cm.[3]
Distribución y hábitat
Se encuentran en África, un endemismo del lago Malawi.[2] Es un pez de agua dulce bentopelágico, encontrado normalmente a unos 10 metros de profundidad en el lago,[4] entre 22ºC y 28ºC.[2]
Prefiere vivir en las bahías con abundante vegetación, sobre la arena, en biotopos puramente rocosos y otros tipos de hábitats; mayoría se encuentran a poca profundidad; se alimenta de fitoplancton y en sedimentos de diatomeas en la arena.[4] Incubador bucal maternal.[3]
Referencias
-
↑ Kazembe, J. y Makocho, P. (2004). «Oreochromis karongae». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2015.4 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 8 de enero de 2016.
-
↑ a b c Trewavas, E. y G.G. Teugels (1991). «Oreochromis». p. 307-346. En J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; y ORSTOM, París. Vol. 4.
-
↑ a b Turner, G.F. y N.C. Mwanyama (1992). «Distribution and biology of chambo (Oreochromis spp.) in Lake Malawi and Malombe». GOM/UNDP/FAO Chambo Fisheries Research Project, Malawi. FAO FI:DP/MLW/86/013, Fld. Doc. 21:26 p.
-
↑ a b Konings, A. (1990). «Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi». T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p.
Bibliografía
- Nelson, J.S. (1994). Fishes of the world (en inglés) (3ª edición). Nueva York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 600.
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Oreochromis karongae: Brief Summary
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Oreochromis karongae es una especie de peces de la familia cíclidos.
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Oreochromis karongae
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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Oreochromis karongae: Brief Summary
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Oreochromis karongae Oreochromis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Cichlidae familian.
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Oreochromis karongae: Brief Summary
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Oreochromis karongae est une espèce de poisson de la famille des cichlidae et de l'ordre des perciformes. Cette espèce est endémique de l'Afrique. Il fait partie des nombreuses espèces regroupées sous le nom de Tilapia.
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Oreochromis karongae
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Vissen Oreochromis karongae is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de cichliden (Cichlidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1941 door Trewavas.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties Geplaatst op:
27-02-2013
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen.
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Oreochromis karongae: Brief Summary
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Oreochromis karongae é uma espécie de peixe da família Cichlidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Malawi, Moçambique e Tanzânia.
Os seus habitats naturais são: rios e lagos de água doce.
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Oreochromis karongae
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Oreochromis karongae: Brief Summary
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Oreochromis karongae là một loài cá thuộc họ Cichlidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở Malawi, Mozambique, và Tanzania. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là sông và hồ nước ngọt.
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卡朗口孵非鯽
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fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
卡朗口孵非鯽: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
卡朗口孵非鯽（學名Oreochromis karongae）是輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目慈鯛科下的一種魚類。它們分佈在馬拉威、莫桑比克及坦桑尼亞，棲息在河流及淡水湖沙石底質水域，以藻類及浮游植物為食，可做為食用魚。
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